Importance of Public Health

Dr.
Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar

International Medical School (IMS)
Management and Science University (MSU)
HEALTH
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HEALTH
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What is Health?
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or

infirmity.
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Public Health Definition

Public Health is the practice of preventing disease and
promoting good health within groups of people, from small

communities to entries countries.
Public Health is the approach to medicine that is
concerned with the health of the community as a whole.
Public health is community health.

It has been said that: "Health care is vital to all of us some
of the time, but public health is vital to all of us all of the

time."
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Prevents epidemics and the spread of disease.
Protects against environmental hazards.
Responds to disasters and assists communities in
recovery.
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Prevents injuries.
Promotes healthy behaviors.
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Provide disease control and prevention.
Assure air and water quality.

Promote healthy lifestyles.
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Public Health
It includes various disciplines such as
Medicine,
Sociology,
Mathematics,
Anthropology,
Public policy,
Biology,
Education,
Psychology,
Computer science,
Business and Engineering.
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Public Health Basic Sciences

Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
Toxicology and Bio-chemistry.
Communication Science and Ethics.

Clinical Skills.
Management and Administration.
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Public Health Basic Sciences
Environmental Health.
Health Services Administration.
Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Informatics.
Genomics.
Cultural Competence.
Community-Based Participatory Research.
Global health.
Policy and Law.
Public Health Ethics.
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History of Public Health

Well known that polluted water and lack of proper
waste disposal may spread diseases.

Regulation by religion - Types of food eaten, extent to
which one can indulge in certain behaviors like

drinking alcohol and sexual relations.
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Pubic Health Goals

Vision
Healthy People in Healthy Communities
Mission
Promote Physical and Mental Health
and
Prevent Disease, Injury and Disability
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Public health professionals : try to prevent problems from
happening or re-occurring through:

Educational programs,
Developing policies,
Administering services and
Conducting research.
In contrast clinical professionals: focus primarily on
treating individuals after they become sick or injured.

But both go hand in hand as - at times treating a disease
contributes to preventing it in others during the outbreak
of an infectious disease.
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Public Health vs. Medical Treatment

Public Health
Medical Treatment
Focus on health status of populations.
Focus on clinical improvement of

individual patient.
Emphasis on prevention and health

promotion.
Emphasis on diagnosis and cure.
Activated all of the time.
Activated when a person is injured or

ill.
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Causes of Death in U.S. - 2000
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Causes of Death
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Causes of Death in U.S. 2007/8
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Types of Preventions
Primary prevention: is refers to creating an
environment where certain challenges to health are

eliminated, and thus no other preventive interventions
are necessary.
The example: The potential for eliminating added salt
from all foods, which would, if achieved, be quite

effective in preventing hypertension.
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Secondary prevention: refers to the prevention of
clinical illness through the early and a-symptomatic

detection and re-mediation of certain diseases and
conditions that, if left undetected, would likely
become clinically apparent and harmful.
This is often referred to as screening.
Screening for high blood pressure, which may indicate
clinical hypertension.
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Tertiary prevention: refers to the prevention of
disease progression and additional disease

complications after overt clinical diseases are manifest.
This is generally the province of physicians and other
health professionals, who manage acute and chronic

conditions.
Example: Treating high blood pressure after a stroke
may decrease the risk of subsequent strokes.

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10 Essential Services for Public Health

1.
Monitor health status to identify community health

problems.
2.
Diagnose and investigate health problems and

health as well as hazards in the community.
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3.
Inform, educate and empower people about health

issues.
4.
Mobilize community partnerships to identify and

solve health problems.
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5. Develop policies and plans that support health
efforts.
6.
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Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and

ensure safety.
24

7.
Link people to personnel health services and assure

the provision of health care.
8. Assure a competent public health and health care

workforce.
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9.
Evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality

of services.
10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to

health problems.
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Achievements of Public Heath

Improved the quality of life via:
1. Increase in life expectancy.
2.
World- wide reduction in infant and child mortality.
3.
Elimination or reduction of many communicable

diseases.
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life expectancy in Malaysia

2020
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
0
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
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World- wide reduction in infant and child

mortality
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Since 1900, the average life expectancy for Americans
has increased by 30 years.

25 of the 30 years is credited to public health initiatives
while medical advances account only for less than 4

years.
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Vaccination
have virtually eliminated:
Smallpox.
Diphtheria.
Pertussis.
Tetanus.
Polio.
Measles.
Rubella.
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Safer Workplaces.
Safer & Healthier Food.
Motor Vehicle Safety.
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Control of Infectious Diseases.
Family Planning.
Decline in Deaths from Heart Disease & Stroke.
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Recognition of Tobacco Use as a Health Hazard.
Healthier Mothers and Babies.
Fluoridation of Drinking Water.
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Examples for
the achievement of Public Health
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Eradication of SMALLPOX
Smallpox is an acute infectious disease caused by virus
that originated over 3,000 years ago.

For centuries, it caused repeated epidemics that swept
across continents, killed populations, changed the

course of history and killed as many as 30% of those
infected.
An estimated 300-500 million people succumbed to
smallpox in the 20th century.

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Eradication of SMALLPOX
In 1798, it was discovered that an inoculation with
cowpox to protect against smallpox brought the first

hope that the disease could be controlled.
It was not used until the 1960's that the World Health
Organization (WHO) launched an intensified plan to

eradicate smallpox.
It was declared globally eradicated in Dec 1979.
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Motor vehicle safety

Public Health efforts
have influenced:
Increased seat belt use.
Vehicle safety improvements.
Traffic safety regulation and enforcement.
Improved streets and highways.
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Motor vehicle safety
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New design for the seatbelt to prevent the

accident
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please wear the helmet while

riding your motorbike
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seatbelt to prevent the accident!!!
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Top priority Health Issues
Obesity.
Cardiovascular disease.
Diabetes.
Poor nutrition.
Lack of exercise.
Environmental health.
Tobacco use.
Dengue fever.
Other communicable diseases.
Access to dental care.
Bio-terrorism.
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Obesity
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Obesity
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Obesity
Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy
reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans.

Excessive body weight has been linked to various
diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases

(CVD), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMII), sleep
apnea, and osteoarthritis.
Obesity is both an individual clinical condition and is
increasingly viewed as a serious public health

problem.
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Tobacco Control
In 1964, on the basis of approximately 7000 articles
relating to smoking and disease, the Advisory

Committee to the U.S. Surgeon General concluded:
"Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient
importance in the United States to warrant

appropriate remedial action."
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Tobacco Control
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Public Health outcome
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Healthy lifestyle
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Thank YOU for YOUR attention
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Importance of Public Health

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Importance of Public Health

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Dr.

Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar

being and not merely the absence of disease or

Public Health Definition

promoting good health within groups of people, from small

Public Health is the approach to medicine that is

concerned with the health of the community as a whole.

Public health is community health.

of the time, but public health is vital to all of us all of the

Public Health Definition

Public Health Definition

Promotes healthy behaviors.

Public Health Definition

Assure air and water quality.

Public Health Basic Sciences

Communication Science and Ethics.

Public Health Basic Sciences

History of Public Health

waste disposal may spread diseases.

which one can indulge in certain behaviors like

Pubic Health Goals

Public health professionals : try to prevent problems from

happening or re-occurring through:

In contrast clinical professionals: focus primarily on

treating individuals after they become sick or injured.

Public Health vs. Medical Treatment

Focus on health status of populations.

Focus on clinical improvement of

Emphasis on prevention and health

Emphasis on diagnosis and cure.

Activated all of the time.

Activated when a person is injured or

Causes of Death in U.S. - 2000

Causes of Death in U.S. 2007/8

environment where certain challenges to health are

from all foods, which would, if achieved, be quite

clinical illness through the early and a-symptomatic

Screening for high blood pressure, which may indicate

disease progression and additional disease

health professionals, who manage acute and chronic

may decrease the risk of subsequent strokes.

10 Essential Services for Public Health

Monitor health status to identify community health

Diagnose and investigate health problems and

10 Essential Services for Public Health

Inform, educate and empower people about health

Mobilize community partnerships to identify and

10 Essential Services for Public Health

Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and

10 Essential Services for Public Health

Link people to personnel health services and assure

8. Assure a competent public health and health care

10 Essential Services for Public Health

Evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality

10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to

Achievements of Public Heath

World- wide reduction in infant and child mortality.

Elimination or reduction of many communicable

life expectancy in Malaysia

World- wide reduction in infant and child

Achievements of Public Heath

has increased by 30 years.

while medical advances account only for less than 4