PRACTICA N 04

A) Hallar las soluciones complementarias y las soluciones particulares

de las siguientes:
1.- PROBLEMA 01
y (t ) + y ( t ) =sin(t)

Con la condicin inicial de y ( 2 ) = 0

yy (0)=5

Solucin:
-La solucin general ser igual a:
a=u ( t )=1
b=w ( t )=sin( t)

y (t )=e dt A + sin( t)e dt dt

y (t )=et [ A + sin(t) e t dt ]
y (t )=[ e A + sin(t) e e dt ]
t

y (t )= [ et Acos t ]

Solucin general

2.- PROBLEMA 02
y (t ) + y ( t ) =4 e4 t
Solucin:
-La solucin general ser igual a:
a=u ( t )=1
b=w ( t )=4 e

4t

y (t )=e dt A + 4 e 4 t e dt dt

[ A + 4 e

e dt ]

[ A + 4 e

e dt ]

[ A +4 1 e

5t

y (t )=e

y (t )=e
y (t )=e

4t

4t t

y (t )=et A +

y (t )= e A +

4 e5 t
5

4t

4e
5

dt ]

Solucin general

3.- PROBLEMA 03

dy ( t )
+2 y ( t ) =6
dt
SOLUCION
-Calculamos la solucin particular
yp y ( t )=3
Ypy (t)=3
-Calculamos la solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos
y (t) + 2y (t)= 0
r +2=0 r=2
2t
XcX (t)= A e

-Calculamos la solucin general

2t
X (t) = A e +3

B) Hallar la solucin particular y la solucin complementaria y la

solucin general de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales.

1) HALLAR
2
2
(B+1) yy (t) (2+b) ayy (t)+ a y = a

SOLUCION
-Solucin general

x (t)= Xc+ Xp

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos
2
( b+1 ) yy (t) (2+b) ayy (t)+ a y = 0

y=

(2 a+ ab) (2 a+ab)24 (b+1) a2

2(b+1)

Yi=a/ (b+1)
-Si

Yii=2a

(ai)2 4 aii>0 ri rii

Entonces la solucin complementaria ser:

a

(t )

xc x ( t )= Ai e b+1 + Aii e 2 a(t )

-Solucin particular
Planteamos la solucin de prueba
xp x ( t ) =k

(2)

x ( t )=k

.. (3)

x ( t )=0

.. (4)

Reemplazamos (2), (3), (4) en (1)

xp x ( t ) =k=

xp x ( t ) =

b
aii

b
aii

aii 0

xp x ( t ) =1
-Solucin general
a

(t )

x ( t )= Ai e b+1 + Aiie 2 a(t )+ 1

2) HALLAR
Xy (t) +2xy (t) -3 x (t)=0
Con la condicin inicial de x (0)=1,

xy (0)=5

SOLUCION
-Solucin general

x (t)= Xc+ Xp

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos
Xy (t) +2xy (t) -3 x (t)=0
r 2 +2 r3=0
ri=3 , rii=1

-Si

(ai)2 4 aii>0 ri rii

Entonces la solucin complementaria ser:

3(t)

xc x ( t )= Ai e

(t)

+ Aii e

-Solucin particular
Planteamos la solucin de prueba
xp x ( t ) =k

(2)

x ( t )=k

.. (3)

x ( t )=0

.. (4)

Reemplazamos (2), (3), (4) en (1)

aii 0

xp x ( t ) =k=

xp x ( t ) =

b
ai+aiit

b
aii

xp x ( t ) =0
-Solucin general
x ( t )= Ai e3(t )+ Aii e(t)
Con la condicin inicial de x (0)=1,
-Para

xy (0)=5

x (0)=1
3 (0)

x ( 0 )= Ai e

(0)

+ Aii e =1

Ai + Aii=1
-Para

xy (0)=5

x ( t )=3 Ai e3 (t ) + Aiie (t )
x ( 0 )=3 Ai e3(0) + Aii e(0) =5
3 Ai+ Aii=5

Ai=1 Aii=2
x ( t )=1 e3 (t ) +2 e(t)

Solucin general

-GRAFICO
X (t)=Xc

3) HALLAR
Xy (t) +3xy (t) -4 x (t)=12
Con la condicin inicial de x (0)=4,

xy (0)=2

SOLUCION
-Solucin general

x (t)= Xc+ Xp

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos
Xy (t) +3xy (t) -4 x (t)=0
2

r +3 r4=0
ri=4 , rii=1

-Si

(ai) 4 aii>0 ri rii

Entonces la solucin complementaria ser:

xc x ( t )= Ai e4 (t ) + Aiie (t )
-Solucin particular
Planteamos la solucin de prueba
xp x ( t ) =k

(2)

x ( t )=k

.. (3)

x ( t )=0

.. (4)

Reemplazamos (2), (3), (4) en (1)

xp x ( t ) =k=

b
ai+aiit

aii 0

xp x ( t ) =

b
aii

xp x ( t ) =3
-Solucin general
x ( t )= Ai e4 (t ) + Aiie (t )3
Con la condicin inicial de x (0)=4,
-Para

xy (0)=2

x (0)=4
4(0)

x ( 0 )= Ai e

(0)

+ Aii e 3=4

Ai + Aii=7
-Para

xy (0)=2

x ( t )=4 Ai e4 ( t )+ Aii e( t )

x ( 0 )=4 Ai e4 (0 )+ Aii e(0) =2

4 Ai+ Aii=2

Ai=1 , Aii=6
3(t )

x ( t )=e

(t )

+6 e

-3

Solucin general

-grafico
Xc
X (t)

Xp

4) HALLAR
Xy (t) +6xy (t) +5x (t)=10
Con la condicin inicial de x (0)=4,

xy (0)=2

SOLUCION
-Solucin general

x (t)= Xc+ Xp

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos
Xy (t) +6xy (t) +5x (t)=0

r 2 +6 r +5=0
ri=5 , rii=1

-Si

(ai)2 4 aii>0 ri rii

Entonces la solucin complementaria ser:

xc x ( t )= Ai e5(t) + Aii e(t)
-Solucin particular
Planteamos la solucin de prueba
xp x ( t ) =k

(2)

x ( t )=k

.. (3)

x ( t )=0

.. (4)

Reemplazamos (2), (3), (4) en (1)

xp x ( t ) =k=

b
ai+aiit

aii 0

xp x ( t ) =

b
aii

xp x ( t ) =2
-Solucin general
x ( t )= Ai e5(t )+ Aii e(t) + 2
Con la condicin inicial de x (0)=4,
-Para

xy (0)=2

x (0)=4

x ( 0 )= Ai e5 (0) + Aii e (0) +2=4

Ai + Aii=2
-Para

xy (0)=2

x ( t )=5 Ai e5 (t ) Aii e(t)

x ( 0 )=5 Ai e5 (0 )Aii e(0) =2

5 AiAii=2

Ai=1 Aii=1
x ( t )=1 e3 (t ) +1 e(t)

Solucin general

X (t)=Xc

PRACTICA N 05
Encontrar la solucin y la solucin complementaria de las siguientes
ecuaciones diferenciales.
1) HALLAR
X ( t )+2 y ( t ) +2 X ( t )+5 Y ( t)=77
Y ( t ) + x (t ) +4 y ( t )=61
Condicin inicial x (0)=6, y (0)=12
Su expresin matricial

[ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
1 2 x 2 5 x
77
+
=
0 1 y
1 4 y
61

-Solucin particular

[][]
x
=0
y
0

[ ][ ] [ ]
2 5 x
77
=
1 4 y
61

[ ] [ ][ ]
x = 77 2 5
y
61 1 4

Tomamos
1

A =

[ ]

A= 2 5
1 4

Adj ( A )
|A|

[ ] [ ][

x = 77 4/ 3 5/3
y
61 1 /3 2/3

[][ ]
x = 1
y
15

Solucin particular

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos

[ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
1 2 x + 2 5 x = 0
0 1 y
1 4 y
0

|[ ] [ ]| [ ]
1 2 (r )+ 2 5 = 0
0 1
1 4
0

|[

]| [ ]

r + 2 2 r+ 5 = 0
1
r+4
0

r +4 r+ 3=0
ri=3 rii=1

[ ][

3 t

Ai e + Aii e
xc
=
3 t
t
yc
Bi e + Biie

Solucin complementaria

-Solucin general

[ ][

][ ]

3 t
t
x (t) = Ai e + Aii e + 1
y(t)
Bi e3 t + Bii et 15

-Para ri=-3 hallamos las relaciones de Bi=Ai

([ ]

[ ]) [ ] [ ]

1 2 (3)+ 2 5
0 1
1 4

Ai = 0
Bi
0

Bi= Ai

-Para rii=-1 hallamos las relaciones de Bii=Aii

([ ]

[ ]) [ ] [ ]

1 2 (1)+ 2 5
0 1
1 4

Bii=Aii/3
-Solucin general

Aii = 0
Bii
0

[ ][

][ ]

Ai e3 t + Aiiet
x (t) =
1
3 t
t +
15
y(t) Ai e Aii 3 e

Reemplazamos la condicin inicial x (0)=6, y (0)=12

][ ][ ]

Ai+ Aii
x (o)
1 = 6
=
Aii +

Ai
y(0)
15
12
3

[ ]
Ai=3
Aii=2

-La solucin general

[ ][

][ ]

3 t
t
x (t) = 3 e +2 e
1
3 t
t +
15
y(t) 3 e 2 3 e

2) EJERCICIO O2
X ( t )X ( t )12Y ( t )=60
Y ( t ) + x (t ) +6 y ( t ) =36
Condicin inicial x (0)=13, y (0)=4
Su expresin matricial

[ ][ ] [

][ ] [ ]

1 0 x + 1 12 x = 60
0 1 y
1
6
y
36

-Solucin particular

[][]
x
0
=
y
0

][ ] [ ]

1 12 x = 60
1
6
y
36

Tomamos

A=

1 12
1
6

A =

Adj ( A )
|A|

[ ] [ ][

x = 60
1
2
y
36 1/6 1/6

[][ ]
x
12
=
y
4

Solucin particular

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos

[ ][ ] [

][ ] [ ]

|[ ] [

]| [ ]

1 0 x + 1 12 x = 0
0 1 y
1
6
y
0
1 0 (r )+ 1 12 = 0
0 1
1
6
0

r +5 r +6=0
ri=3 rii=2

[ ][

3 t
2 t
xc = Ai e + Aiie
yc
Bi e3 t + Biie2 t

Solucin complementaria

-Solucin general

[ ][

][ ]

3 t
2 t
x (t) = Ai e + Aii e + 12
4
y(t)
Bi e3 t + Bii e2 t

-Para ri=-3 hallamos las relaciones de Bi=Ai

([ ] [ ] [

]) [ ] [ ]

1 0 3 + 1 12
0 1
1
6

Bi=

Ai = 0
Bi
0

Ai
3

-Para rii=-2 hallamos las relaciones de Bii=Aii

([ ] [ ] [

1 0 2 + 1 12
0 1
1
6

Bii=

])[ ] [ ]
Aii = 0
Bii
0

Aii
4

-Solucin general

[ ][

][ ]

Ai e3 t + Aii e2t
x (t) =
12
3 t
2 t +
4
y(t) Ai 3 e Aii 4 e

Reemplazamos la condicin inicial x (0)=13, y (0)=4

][ ] [ ]

Ai + Aii
x (o)
12 = 13
=
Aii +
y(0) Ai/3
4
4
4

[ ]
Ai=-3
Aii=4

-La solucin general

[ ][

][ ]

3 t
2t
x (t) = 3 e + 4 e + 12
4
y(t)
e3 t e2t

EJERCICIO O3
X ( t )2 X (t ) +3 Y ( t )=10
Y ( t )x ( t )+2 y ( t ) =9
Condicin inicial x (0)=8, y (0)=5
Su expresin matricial

[ ][ ] [

][ ] [ ]

1 0 x + 2 3 x = 10
0 1 y 1 2 y
9

-Solucin particular

[][]
x
= 0
y
0

][ ] [ ]

2 3 x
10
=
1 2 y
9

Tomamos
1

A =

A= 2 3
1 2

Adj ( A )
|A|

[ ] [ ][

x = 10 2 3
y
9 1 2

[][]
x
7
=
y
8

Solucin particular

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos

[ ][ ] [

][ ] [ ]

1 0 x + 2 3 x = 0
0 1 y 1 2 y
0

|[ ] [ ] [ ]| [ ]
1 0 r + 2 3 = 0
0 1
1 2
0

r =1
ri=1 rii=1

[ ][

t
t
xc = Ai e + Aii e
yc
Bi et + Bii et

Solucin complementaria

-Solucin general

[ ][

][]

t
t
x (t) = Ai e + Aii e + 7
y(t)
Bi et + Bii e t 8

-Para ri=-1 hallamos las relaciones de Bi=Ai

([ ] [ ] [

1 0 1 + 2 3
0 1
1 2

]) [ ] [ ]
Ai = 0
Bi
0

Bi= Ai

-Para rii=-2 hallamos las relaciones de Bii=Aii

([ ] [ ] [

1 0 1 + 2 3
0 1
1 2

Bii=

]) [ ] [ ]
Aii = 0
Bii
0

Aii
3

-Solucin general

[ ][

][]

Ai et + Aii et
x (t ) =
7
et +
t
8
Ai e + Aii
y (t )
3

Reemplazamos la condicin inicial x (0)=8, y (0)=5

[ ][][]

Ai+ Aii
x (o)
7
8
=
Aii + =
Ai+
y(0)
8
5
3

[ ]
Ai=-5
Aii=6

-La solucin general

[ ][

][]

5 e +6 e
x (t )
7
=
t
t +
8
y ( t ) 5 e +2 e

EJERCICIO O4
X ( t )+ X (t ) +2 Y ( t )=24
Y ( t ) +2 x ( t )2 y ( t )=9
Condicin inicial x (0)=10, y (0)=9
Su expresin matricial

[ ][ ] [

][ ] [ ]

1 0 x 1 2 x
24
+
=
0 1 y 2 2 y
9

-Solucin particular

[][]
x
=0
y
0

][ ] [ ]

1 2 x
24
=
2 2 y
9

Tomamos
1

A =

A= 1 2
2 2

Adj ( A )
|A|

[ ] [ ][

x = 24 1/3 1 /3
y
9 1/3 1/6

[][ ]
x
11
=
y
13 /2

Solucin particular

-Solucin complementaria
Homogenizamos

[ ][ ] [

][ ] [ ]

1 0 x + 1 2 x = 0
0 1 y 2 2 y
0

|[ ] [ ] [ ]| [ ]
1 0 r+1 2 =0
0 1
2 2
0

r r 6=0
ri=2 rii=3

[ ][

2 t
3t
xc = Ai e + Aiie
yc
Bi e2 t + Biie 3 t

Solucin complementaria

-Solucin general

[ ][

][ ]

2 t
3t
x (t) = Ai e + Aii e + 11
2 t
3t
13/2
y(t)
Bi e + Bii e

-Para ri=-2 hallamos las relaciones de Bi=Ai

([ ] [ ] [

1 0 2 + 1 2
0 1
2 2

]) [ ] [ ]
Ai = 0
Bi
0

Bi= Ai /2
-Para rii=3 hallamos las relaciones de Bii=Aii

([ ] [ ] [

1 0 3+1 2
0 1
2 2

])[ ] [ ]
Aii = 0
Bii
0

Bii=2 Aii

-Solucin general

[ ][

][ ]

2t
3t
x (t ) = Ai e + Aii e
11
2 t
3t +
13/2
Ai e /22 Aii e
y (t )

Reemplazamos la condicin inicial x (0)=10, y (0)=9

][

Ai+ Aii
x (o)
= Ai
+ 11 = 10
2 Aii 13/2
y(0)
9
2

[ ]

][ ]

Ai=1/5
Aii=-6/5
-La solucin general

[ ][

][

e2 t /56 e3 t /5
x (t )
11
= 2 t
12 3 t +
e /10+ e
13/2
y (t )
5