{Name: PRANAV SANJAY DHAKULKAR (POLY) (3RD YEAR B.E) IN CIVIL ENGINNERING STUDYING IN PROF.

RAM
MEGHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH BADNERA, AMRAVATI MAHARASHTRA (PRMIT&R) EMAILdhakulkarvpranav@gmail.com }

Fiber reinforced concrete

ABSTRACT:
Concrete made with Portland cement has certain amazing Characteristics that it is
relatively strong in compression but weak in tension and tends to be brittle. The
weakness in tension can be overcome by the use of conventional rod reinforcement and
to some extent by the inclusion of a sufficient volume of certain FIBERs. The use of
FIBERs also alters the behavior of the FIBER-matrix composite after it has cracked,
thereby improving its toughness. This leaflet aims to provide information on the
properties of the more commonly available FIBERs and their uses to produce concrete
with certain characteristics. Some new developments are discussed like how much
compressive strength increases by adding 2% of steel FIBER. FIBER reinforced concrete
(FRC) is a new structural material which is gaining increasing importance. Addition of
FIBER reinforcement in discrete form improves many engineering properties of concrete.
Currently, very little research work is being conducted within the Kingdom using this new
material. This paper describes the different types of FIBERs and the application of FRC in
different areas. It also presents the result of research about the mechanical properties of
FRC using straight, crimped as well as hooked steel FIBERs available in the region. so we
discussed in this project about how much % there is increased in the compressive
strength of concrete as compare to p.c.c cubes.

1.INTRODUCTION of FIBER Reinforced CONCRETE

1.1 INTRODUCTION:Concrete is a composite material containing hydraulic cement, water, coarse aggregate
and fine aggregate. The resulting material is a stone like structure which is formed by the
chemical reaction of the cement and water. This stone like material is a brittle material
which is strong in compression but very weak in tension. This weakness in the concrete
makes it to crack under small loads, at the tensile end. These cracks gradually propagate
to the compression end of the member and finally, the member breaks. The formation of
cracks in the concrete may also occur due to the drying shrinkage. These cracks are
basically micro cracks. These cracks increase in size and magnitude as the time elapses
and the finally makes the concrete to fail. The formation of cracks is the main reason for
the failure of the concrete. To increase the tensile strength of concrete many attempts
have been made. One of the successful and most commonly used methods is providing
steel reinforcement. Steel bars, however, reinforce concrete against local tension only.
Cracks in reinforced concrete members extend freely until encountering are bar. Thus
need for multidirectional and closely spaced steel reinforcement arises. That cannot be
practically possible. FIBER reinforcement gives the solution for this problem So to
increase the tensile strength of concrete a technique of introduction of FIBERs in concrete
is being used. These FIBERs act as crack arrestors and prevent the propagation of the
cracks. These FIBERs are uniformly distributed and randomly arranged. This concrete is
named as FIBER reinforced concrete. The main reasons for adding FIBERs to concrete
matrix is to improve the post cracking response of the concrete, i.e., to improve its
energy absorption capacity and apparent ductility, and to provide crack resistance and
crack control. Also, it helps to maintain structural integrity and cohesiveness in the
material. The initial researches combined with the large volume of follow up research
have led to the development of a wide variety of material formulations that fit the
definition of FIBER Reinforced Concrete. Toughness of FIBER is defined as the area under
a load-deflection (or stress-strain) curve. As can be seen from Figure 1, adding FIBERs to
concrete greatly increases the toughness of the material. That is, FIBER-reinforced
concrete is able to sustain load at deflections or strains much greater than those at which
cracking first appears in the matrix.
{NOTE:

CONCRETE IS CHARACTERIZED BY BRITTLE FAILURE, THE NEARLY COMPLETE LOSS OF LOADING

CAPACITY, ONCE THE FAILURE IS INITIATED THIS CHARACTERISTIC, WHICH LIMITS The APPLICATION
OF THE MATERIAL, CAN BE OVER COME BY THE INCLUSION OF A SMALL AMOUT OF SHORT
RANDOMLY DISTRUBUTED FIBERS (STEEL,GLASS,SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL) AND CAN BE
PRACTICED AMONG OTHERS THAT REMEDY WEAKNESSES OF CONCRETE, SUCH AS LOW GROWTH
RESISTANCE, HIGH SHRIKAGE CRACKING LOW DURABILITY ETC. STEEL FIBER RANFORCED
CONCRETE (SFRC) HAS THE ABILITY OF EXCELLENT TENSILE STRENTH,FLEXURAL STRENTH SHOCK
RESISTANCE, FAT IGUE RESISTANCE, DUCTALITY AND CRACK ARREST THREFOR IT HAS BEEN
APPLIED A BOARD IN VARIOUS THE PROFASIONAL FIELD OF COSTUCTION, IRRIGATION WORKS AND
ARCHITECTURE. THERE ARE CURRENTLY 300, 0000 METRIC TONS OF DIBER USED FOR CONCRETE
RAINFORCEDMENT. SEEL FIBER REMAINS THE MOST USED FIBER OF ALL (50% OF TOTAL TONNAGE
USED) THE FOLLOWED BY POLLYPRO PYLNE (20%), GLASS (5%) AND OTHER FIBER (25%).STEEL
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE THE UNDER COMPRSSION AND STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR
STEELFIBER RAINFORCED CONCRETE IN COMPRESSION DONE BY NATARAJA.C. DHANG AND
GUPTA.A.P THEY HAVE PROPOSED AN EQUETION OF QUENTIFY THE EFFECT OF FIBER ON
COMPRESSIVE STRENTH OF CONCRETE TERMS OF FIBER RAINFORCING PARAMETER MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF HIGH STRENGHT STEEL FIBER RAINFORCED CONCRETE WERE DONE BY SONG P.S.
AND HWANG S. THEY HAVE MARKET BRITTELNESS WITH LOW TENSILE STRENTH AND STRAIN THE
CAPACITY OF HIGH STRAIN CONCRETE CAN BE OVERCOME BY ADDITION OF STEEL FIBER. TDYHEY
INVESTICATED AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WERE STEEL FIBERE ADDED AT THE VOLUME OF 5%,
1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. THE OBSERVATION INDICATES THAT COMPRESSIVE STRENTH OF FIBER
CONCRETE REACHED A MAXIMUM AT 1.5% VOLUME FRACTION BEGIAN 15.3% THE IMPROVEMENT
OVER THE HSC. THE SPLIT THE TENSILE AND FLEXURL IMPROVED 98.3% AND 126.6% AT 2.0%
VOLUME FRACTION.}

FIBER reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases
its structural integrity. So we can define FIBER reinforced concrete as a composite
material of cement concrete or mortar and discontinuous discrete and uniformly
dispersed FIBER.
FIBER is discrete material having some characteristic properties. The FIBER material can
be anything. But not all will be effective and economical. Some FIBERs that are most
commonly used are:

Steel
Glass
Carbon
Natural
NBD

Steel FIBER is one of the most commonly used FIBERs. Generally round FIBERs are used.
The diameter may vary from 0.25 to 0.75mm.The steel FIBER sometimes gets rusted and
lose its strength. But investigations have proved that FIBERs get rusted only at surfaces.
It has high modulus of elasticity. Use of steel FIBERs makes significant improvements in
flexure, impact and fatigue strength of concrete. It has been used in various types of
structures.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 THE USES OF FIBER:
For the effective use of FIBERs in hardened concrete:
FIBERs should be significantly stiffer than the matrix, (i.e. have a higher modulus of
elasticity than the matrix.)
FIBER content by volume must be adequate.
There must be a good FIBER-matrix bond.
FIBER length must be sufficient.
FIBERs must have a high aspect ratio, (i.e. they must be long relative to their diameter.)

Note:It should be noted that published information tends to deal with high volume
concentrations of FIBER. However, for economic reasons, the current trend in practice is
to minimize FIBER volume, in which case improvements in properties may be marginal.
For the quantities of FIBERs typically used (less than 1% by volume for steel and about
0,1% by volume for polypropylene) the FIBERs will not have significant effect on the
strength or modulus of elasticity of the composite. It is thus important to evaluate
published test data and manufacturers claims carefully. It must also be noted that high
volume concentrations of certain FIBERs may make the plastic concrete unworkable.

2.2 TYPES OF FIBER INCLUDE

Steel

Plastic

Polyester, Polypropylene, Polyethylene

Glass

Natural materials

Wood cellulose, Bamboo, Elephant grass(All are available is different shapes sizes
and materials)

2.3 FIBER USED IN CUBE:

STEEL FIBER:
Steel FIBERs have been used in concrete since the early 1900s. The early FIBERs were
round and smooth and the wire was Cut or chopped to the required lengths. The use of
straight, Smooth FIBERs has largely disappeared and modern FIBERs have either rough
surfaces, hooked ends or are crimped or Undulated through their length. Modern
commercially available steel FIBERs are manufactured from drawn steel wire, from slit
sheet steel or by the melt-extraction process which Produces FIBERs that have a
crescent-shaped cross section. Typically steel FIBERs have equivalent diameters (based
on cross sectional area) of from 0,15 mm to 2 mm and lengths from 7 to 75 mm. Aspect
ratios generally range from 20 to 100. (Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio between FIBER
length and its equivalent diameter, which is the diameter of a circle with an area equal to
the cross-sectional area of the FIBER). Carbon steels are most commonly used to produce
FIBERs but FIBERs made from corrosion-resistant alloys are available. Stainless steel
FIBERs have been used for high-temperature applications. Some FIBERs are collated into
bundles using water-soluble glue to facilitate handling and mixing. Steel FIBERs have
high tensile strength (0,5 2 GPa) and modulus of elasticity (200 GPa), a ductile/plastic
stress-strain characteristic and low creep. Steel FIBERs have been used in conventional
concrete mixes, SHOTCRETE and slurry-infiltrated FIBER concrete. Typically, content of
steel FIBER ranges from 0,25% to 2,0% by volume. FIBER contents in excess of 2% by
volume generally result in poor workability and FIBER distribution, but can be used
successfully where the paste content of the mix is increased and the size of coarse
aggregate is not larger than about 10 mm. Steel-FIBER-reinforced concrete containing up
to 1,5% FIBER by volume has been pumped successfully using pipelines of 125 to 150
mm diameter. Steel FIBER contents up to 2% by volume have been used in SHOTCRETE
applications using both the wet and dry processes. Steel FIBER contents of up to 25% by
volume have been obtained in slurry-infiltrated FIBER concrete. Concretes containing
steel FIBER have been shown to have substantially improved resistance to impact and
greater ductility of failure in compression, flexure and torsion. Similarly, it is reported that
the elastic modulus in compression and modulus of rigidity in torsion are no different
before cracking when compared with plain concrete tested under similar conditions. It
has been reported that steel-FIBER-reinforced concrete, because of the improved
ductility, could find applications where impact resistance is important. Fatigue resistance
of the concrete is reported to be increased by up to 70%. It is thought that the inclusion
of steel FIBER as supplementary reinforcement in concrete could assist in the reduction
of spall in due to thermal shock and thermal gradients. The lack of corrosion resistance of
normal steel FIBERs could be a disadvantage in exposed concrete situations where
spalling and surface staining are likely to occur.

2.4 TYPES OF STEEL FIBER:

Straight

Crimped

Irregular

Glued hooked

Deformed

Paddled ends.(Diameter range from 0.25 to 0.76mm.)

2.5 STEEL FIBER USED IN CUBE:

GLUED HOOKED STEEL FIBER (HKG 65/35)
CRIMPED STEEL FIBER

2.6 ADVANTAGES OF STEEL FIBER:

Improves toughness of concrete

Flexural strength is improved by up to 30% by decreasing the propagation of
cracks
Improves tensile strength
More economical than steel reinforcement
Less prone to corrosion
Gives an alternative way to reinforce concrete rather than traditional steel rebar

2.7 APLLICATION OF STEEL FIBER:

Pipes
Tilt-up Panels
Shotcrete
Slabs
Counters tops
Bath tubs
Tiles

2. 8 MIXTURE COMPOSITIONS AND PLACING:

Mixing of FRC can be accomplished by many methods. The mix should have uniform
dispersion of the FIBERs in order to prevent segregation or balling of the FIBERs during
mixing. Most balling occurs during the FIBER addition process. Increase of aspect ratio,
volume percentage of FIBER, and size and quantity of coarse aggregate will intensify the
balling tendencies and decrease the workability. To coat the large surface area of the
FIBERs with paste, experience indicated that a water cement ratio between 0.4 and 0.6,
and minimum cement content of 400 kg/m[3] are required. Compared to conventional
concrete, FIBER reinforced concrete mixes are generally characterized by higher cement
factor, higher fine aggregate content and smaller size coarse aggregate. A FIBER mix
generally requires more vibration to consolidate the mix. External vibrations preferable
to prevent FIBER segregation. Metal trowels, tube floats, and rotating power floats can be
used to finish the surface.

2.9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRC:

Addition of FIBERs to concrete influences its mechanical properties which significantly
depend on the type and percentage of FIBER. FIBERs with end anchorage and high
aspect ratio were found to have improved effectiveness. It was shown that for the same
length and diameter, crimped-end FIBERs can achieve the same properties as straight
FIBERs using 40 percent less FIBERs[S]. In determining the mechanical properties of FRC,
the same equipment and procedure as used for conventional concrete can also be used.
Below are cited some properties of FRC determined by different researchers.
COMRESSIVE STRENGTH
The presence of FIBERs may alter the failure mode of cylinders, but the FIBER effect will
be minor on the
improvement of compressive strength values (0 to 15 percent).
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
Modulus of elasticity of FRC increases slightly with an increase in the FIBERs content. It
was found that for each 1 percent increase in FIBER content by volume there is an
increase of 3 percent in the modulus of elasticity.
FLEXURE
The flexural strength was reported 2j to be increased by 2.5 times using 4 percent
FIBERs.
TOUGHGNESS
For FRC, toughness is about 10 to 40 times that of plain concrete. Splitting Tensile
Strength The presence of 3 percent FIBER by volume was reported to increase the
splitting tensile strength of mortar about 2.5 times that of the unreinforced one.
FATIGUE STRENGTH
The addition of FIBERs increases fatigue strength of about 90 percent and 70 percent of
the static strength at 2 x 106 cycles for non-reverse and full reversal of loading,
respectively.
IMPACT RESISTANCE
The impact strength for fibrous concrete is generally 5 to 10 times that of plain concrete
depending on the volume of FIBER used
CORROSION OF STEEL FIBERS
A 1O-year exposure of steel fibrous mortar to outdoor weathering in an industrial
atmosphere showed no adverse effect on the strength properties. Corrosion was found to
be confined only to FIBERs actually exposed on the surface. Steel fibrous mortar
continuously immerse in seawater for 10 years exhibited a 15 percent less compared to
40 percent strength decrease of plain mortar.

2.10 STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF FRC:

FIBERs combined with reinforcing bars in structural members will be widely used in the
future. The following are some of the structural behavior.
A) FLEXURE
The use of FIBERs in reinforced concrete flexure members increases ductility, tensile
strength, moment capacity, and stiffness. The FIBERs improve crack control and preserve
post cracking structural integrity of members.
B) TORSION
The use of FIBERs eliminates the sudden failure characteristic of plain concrete beams. It
increases stiffness, tensional strength, ductility, rotational capacity, and the number of
cracks with less crack width.
C) SHEAR
Addition of FIBERs increases shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams up to
100percent. Addition of randomly distributed FIBERs increases shear-friction strength, the
first crack strength, and ultimate strength.
D) COLUMN
The increase of FIBER content slightly increases the ductility of axially loaded specimen.
The use of FIBERs helps in reducing the explosive type failure for columns.

2.11 HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

FIBERs increase the ductility of high strength concrete. The use of high strength concrete
and steel produces slender members. FIBER addition will help in controlling cracks and
deflections.
CRACKING AND DEFLECTION
Tests have shown that FIBER reinforcement effectively controls cracking and deflection,
in addition to strength improvement. In conventionally reinforced concrete beams, FIBER
addition increases stiffness, and reduces deflection.

2.12 APPLICATIONS:
The uniform dispersion of FIBERs throughout the concrete mix provides isotropic
properties not common to conventionally reinforced concrete. The applications of FIBERs
in concrete industries depend on the designer and builder in taking advantage of the
static and dynamic characteristics of this new material. The main area of FRC
applications are,
RUNWAY, AIRCRAFT PARKING, AND PAVEMENTS
For the same wheel load FRC slabs could be about one half the thickness of plain
concrete slab. Compared to a 375mm thickness' of conventionally reinforced concrete
slab, a 150mm thick crimped-end FRC slab was used to overlay an existing as phallicpaved aircraft parking area. FRC pavements are now in service in severe and Mild
environments.
TUNNEL LININGANDSLOPE STABILIZATION
Steel FIBER reinforced concrete (SFRS) are being used to line underground openings and
rock slope stabilization. It eliminates the need for mesh reinforcement and scaffolding.
BLAST RESISTANCE STRUCTURE
When plain concrete slabs are reinforced conventionally, tests showed that there is no
reduction of fragment velocities or number of fragments under blast and shock waves.

Similarly, reinforced slabs of fibrous concrete, however, showed 20percent reduction in

velocities, and over 80 percent in fragmentations.
THIN SHELL, WALLS, PIPES, ANDMANHOLES
Fibrous concrete permits the use of thinner flat and curved structural elements. Steel
fibrous SHOTCRETE is used in the construction of hemispherical domes using the inflated
membrane process. Glass FIBER reinforced cement or concrete (GFRC) , made by the
spray-up process, have been used to construct wall panels. Steel and glass FIBERs
addition in concrete pipes and manholes improves strength, reduces thickness, and
diminishes handling damages.
DAMS AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE
FRC is being used for the construction and repair of dams and other hydraulic structures
to provide resistance to cavitations and severe erosion caused by the impactof large
Waterboro debris.
OTHER APPLICATIONS
These include machine tool frames, lighting poles, water and oil tanks and concrete
repairs.

2.13 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MEACHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF FRC USING

LOCAL MATERIALS:
Researches are being carried out in the Civil Engineering Department of King Abdulaziz
University about the mechanical properties of fibrous concrete and the structural
behavior of fibrous concrete beams with and without prestressing subjected to different
combinations of bending, shear, and torsion. A study of the mechanical behavior of
fibrous concrete using local materials is presented in this section.
MATERIALS
Table 1 shows the different properties of the straight and the hooked FIBERs used in this
study. The hooked FIBERs are glued together into bundles with a water-soluble adhesive.
The collating of the 30 FIBERs create" an artificial aspect ratio of approximately 15. The
plain FIBERs were obtained by cutting galvanized steel wires manually Type I Portland
cement, 1Omm graded crushed stone aggregate, desert sand of fineness modulus 3.1,
and a 3 percent super plasticizer were used for all the mixes. The mix proportion was
1:2:1.6 and the water-cement ratio were 0.44.

2.14 WORKABILITY:
The conventional slump test is not a good measure of workability of FRC. The inverted
slump cone test (2.4) devised especially for the fibrous concrete is recommended. The
time it takes an inverted lamp cone full of FRC to be emptied after a vibrator is inserted
into the concrete is called the inverted-cone time. It should vary between 10 and 30
seconds. The conventional slump test (ASTM CI43-78) and the inverted slump cone test
(ASTM C995-83) were conducted to compare the performance of the plastic concrete
reinforced with the two different types of FIBERs. The hooked FIBERs performed well
during mixing because no balling occurred even though the FIBERs were added to the
mixer along with the aggregate all at one time. The straight FIBERs had to besprinkle into
the mixer by hand to avoid balling. It took approximately 2 minutes to add the straight
FIBERs to the mix, resulting in a 2 minutes extra mixing time. Figure 1shows the effect of
FIBER content on both slump and inverted cone time. It is clearly seen that as the FIBER

content increased from 0.0 to 2.0 percent, the slumps value decreased from 230 to
20mm, and the time required to empty the inverted cone time increased from 20 to 70
seconds. For the highest FIBER volume percentage used (Vf =2.0 percent) it was noticed
that the FRC in the test specimens was difficult to consolidate using the internal vibrator.

2.15 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:

Sixty concrete cylinders (1500 x 300mm) were cast and tested in compression (ASTM
C39) at the end of7, 28 and 90 days. Figure 2 shows the effect of the hooked FIBER
content on the compressive strength values and shows the stress-strain relationship. The
FIBER addition had no effect on the compressive strength values. However, the brittle
mode of failure associated with plain concrete was transformed into a more ductile one
with the increased addition of FIBERs.

2.16 COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE:

It is for use of strength of concrete is obtained by crushing the sample in form of cubes
and
Cylinders. Concrete is carefully designed for a particular compressive strength by the
Engineers and specimen is tested by applying load in Compression Testing Machine.
The range of Compression Testing Machine is 100 Ton, 150 Ton & 200 Ton in different
Models like Pillar Model & Channel Models. Compression Testing Machine consist of a load
frame
with suitable Platens and a pumping unit with Pressure Gauge. Load Frame and pumping
Units are connected by pressure pipes.

2.17 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY:

Figure 2 shows that the initial slope of the stress-strain curve is practically the same for
all mixes and equal to 31,900 MPa compared to 30,400 MPa obtained using the ACI
formula. This indicates that the modulus of elasticity does not change much by the
addition of FIBERs

2.18 TOUGHNESS (ENERGY ABSORPTION)

Toughness as defined by the total energy ab orbed prior to complete separation of the
specimen is given by the area under load-deflection curve. Toughness or energy
absorption of concrete is increased considerably by the addition of FIBERs. The
toughness index is calculated as the area under the load deflection curve (Fig. 5) up to
the1.8mm deflection divided by the area up to the first crack strength (proportional
limit). The calculated toughness index for each mix is Given in Table 3. All specimens
made of plain concrete failed immediately after the first crack and, hence, the~
toughness Index for these specimens is equal to 1. The addition of FIBER increases the
toughness index of hooked and straight FIBERs up to 19.9 and 16.9, respectively. The
average toughness index for specimens reinforced with hooked FIBERs was 25 to 65
percent greater than that for specimens reinforced with straight FIBERs.

2.19 IMPACT STRENGTH:Fifteen short cylinders (150mm diameter and 63mm thick) were cast and tested
forimpactl4] after 28 days. The results of impact test are given in Fig. 9. The rest results
show that the impact strength increases with the increase of the FIBER content. Use of2
percent hooked FIBER increased the impact strength by about 25 times compared to 10
times given in literature.

3.MIX CALCULATIONS (AS PER PROJECT CONSIDERATION):

FOR M25 MIX PROPORTION IS (1:1:2)
W/C=0.5
VOLUME OF CUBE=0.15X0.15X0.15M
MATERIAL REQ. = DENSITY OF CONCRETE X(VOLM OF CUBE)
=25X (0.15X0.15X0.15)
=0.084KN.
THEREFORE,
1KG=10N
1KG=10/1000
1KG=0.01KN
100KG=1KN
0.084KN=8.4KG
TOTAL MATERIAL REQ=8.4KG
QTY OF CEMENT=2.1KG
QTY OF SAND=2.1KG
QTY OF AGG. =4.2KG
QTY OF GLUED HOOKED STEEL FIBER=2% OF TOTAL MATERIAL REQ.
=2/100 X 8.4
=0.168KG
QTY OF CRIMPED STEEL FIBER=2% OF TOTAL MATERIAL REQ.
=2/100 X 8.4
=0.168KG
NO. OF CUBES= 9 CUBES
3.1 MIXING OF GLUED STEEL FIBER WITH CONCRETE:(HKG 65/35)

3.2 MIXING OF CRIMPED STEEL FIBER WITH CONCRETE:

4.RESULT,DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION

4.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

COMPRESSIVE TEST RESULT:
THE NINE CUBES OF 150MMX150MMX150MM IS CASTED AND KEPT FOR CURING
FOR 7,14 & 28 DAYS.
A) PCC CUBES =3 CUBES WITHOUT STEEL FIBERS
B) GLUED HOOKED STEEL FIBERS CUBE=3 CUBES (2%)
FIBERS(S.F)
C) CRIMPED STEEL FIBER=3 CUBES ( 2%) OF STEEL FIBERS(S.F)
SR.NO

TYPES OF
CUBE

% OF S.F

ULTIMATE

OF

STEEL

STRENGTH

7DAYS
CURING

CRUSHING
(N/mm2)
14 DAYS
CURING

-------

14.55

19.30

23.33

28 DAYS
CURING

1.

P.C.C

2.

GLUED
HOOKED
STEL FIBER

2.00

16.00

21.60

25.66

3.

CRIMPED
STEEL
FIBER

2.00

15.30

20.40

24.35

4.2 CONCLUSION:

AS COMPARE TO P.C.C CUBES STRENGTH, THE STRENGTH OF STEEL

FIBER CUBES CONTAIN 2% OF STEEL FIBER IS INCREASED SOME UPTO
BETWEEN 5% TO 10% AS CLAIMED BY KASTURI METAL COMPOSITES MIDC
AMRAVATI MAHARASHTRA
SO THE CONDITION FOR THE PROJECT SATISFIED.
AS COMPARE TO CRIMPED STEEL FIBER, GLUED HOOKED STEEL FIBER
GIVES MORE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH.

5. REFERENCES

Kasturi metal composites (P) ltd Amravati MIDC

Indian standard recommended guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, IS

10262: 2009. 1st Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards.

Indian standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, IS456: 2000, 4th Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards.

Indian standard Recommended guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, IS

10262: 1982, 5th Reprint 1998, Bureau of Indian Standards.

http://en.wikepedia.org/wiki/FIBER_reinforced_concrete

http://www.springerlink.com/FIBERCONCRETE /66102625u668054

www.Civilengineering.com/FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETEBLOG