NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL

ELECTRONIC AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

NAME: FRIAS FLORES KAREN

DATE: 27/05/2016
PHOTOGRAPHIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRODES
ELECTRODE

DEFINITION

METAL-PLATE
ELECTRODE

It consists of a metallic
conductor in contact with
the skin with a thin layer
of an electrolyte gel
between the metal and
the skin-

PHOTOGRAPHY

APPLICATION
These types of
electrodes are used
for applications to
limbs and still use in
Electrocardiography
(ECG)

DISPOSABLE
ELECTRODES

The electrolyte layer

consists of an opencelled sponge saturated
with a thickened (highviscosity) electrolytic
solution. The electrode
itself is attached to a
clothing snap through an
insulating adhesive
disk that holds the
structure against the
skin.
Material: silver

Are used with

Electrocardiograph
monitoring apparatus.

FLOATING
ELECTRODES

That kind of electrodes

offer diminish source of
motion artifact at the
electrode-electrolyte
interface. The principal
feature is that the metal
disk is recessed in a
cavity so that it does not
come in contact with the
skin itself. The element
is surrounded by
electrolyte gel in cavity.

Electrodes with textile

materials integrated
into the babys
pajamas to measure
the ECG of children
with SIDS.
Electrodes called
Textrodes (Ag/AgCl
woven stainless)
could measure heart
rate.
Electrodes that
provide the comfort
required for clothing.

SUCTION
ELECTRODES

It is a modification of the
metal-plate electrode
that requires no straps.
Consist of a hollow
metallic cylindrical
electrode that makes
contact with the skin st
its base.It can be used
only for short periods of
time because could
cause irritation.

They are placed at

particular locations
and used to take
recordings in
electrocardiography.
Due to high source
impedance is used
for ECG limb
electrodes.

FLEXIBLE
ELECTRODES

Electrodes change their

local curvature with
movement. Regulary
shaped rigid electrodes
may not always work.

Flexible electrodes
are especially
important for
monitoring premature
infants, detecting the
ECG and respiration,
who usually weigh
less than 2500g.

INTERNAL
ELECTRODES

They can take the form

of percutaneous
electrodes, in which the
electrode itself or the
lead wire crosses the
skin, the connection is to
an implanted electronic
circuit such as
radiotelemery
transmitter.

a.This electrode is
used in
electrography, when
is placed in muscles,
obtaining EMG.
b.small gage
hypodermic.
c. The needle
electrodes are
principally for acute
measruments.
d.Fine-wire electrode
connected to
hypodermic needle,
before being inserted.
e. Cross-sectional
view of skin and
muscle, showing

coiled fine-wire
electrode in place.
ELECTRODE
ARRAYS

Minimize problems
utilize microfabrication
technology to fabricate
identical two and three
dimensional electrode
arrays. Can be
fabricated one at a time
using clusters of fine
insulated wires,

MICROELECTRODE
S

Cannot be modeled as a
series resistance and
capacitance.The
body/electrode has a
highly nonlinear
response to stimulation.

BIBLIOGRAFA
[1] Webster, J. (1998). Medical instrumentation. New York: Wiley, Chapter 5, pgs: 189-203

These electrodes
were designed to be
used for measuring
transmural potential
distributions in the
beating myocardium.
Minimize tissue
damage as the
muscle contracts and
relaxes.
Malkin and Pendeley
have demonstrated a
relatively inexpensive
way to fabricate
electrode arrays for
cardiac ECG
mapping in small
rodents using ribbon
cable.
Extracellular
recording: typically in
brain where you are
interested in
recording the firing of
neurons(spikes)