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SiF4 + 2 IOF5
2. Discuss the geometry of ClF3 indicating hybridisation of the central atom in the molecule.
Ans.: Total no. of valence electrons = 1 X 7 (for Cl) + 3 X 7 (for F) = 28
No. of Bond pairs = 3
No. of electrons involved in octet formation = 3 X 8 = 24
Therefore, no. of lone pairs
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6. What are the basic constituents of paint? Discuss the basic roles of these constituents.
Ans.: (i) Pigment
(ii) Binder
(iii) Thinner
(iv) Drying oil (iv) Driers (vi) Filters
Role of PIGMENT : It gives the paint its colour and opacity.
Role of BINDER
: It holds the pigment and additives together.
Role of THINNER : It gives the paint its ability to be spread over a surface.
Role of DRYING OIL : It acts as the vehicle for the dispersion of the paint.
Role of DRIERS
: They act as oxygen carriers to the oils.
Role of FILTERS
: They increase the durability of the paints.
7. What is Portland cement? Discuss the process of setting of cement.
Ans.: Portland cement is the one which is made by mixing substances containing CaCO3 with
substances containing SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, and heating them to a clinker which is subsequently
ground to powder and mixed with 2-6 % gypsum.
Cement absorbs water on mixing to form a gelatinous mass. This sets to hard mass and is very
resistant to pressure. This process is called setting of cement which involves a set of complicated
reactions of hydration and hydrolysis, leading to the formation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al chains.
The various steps/reactions involved are as follows:
1. Hydration of tricalcium aluminate to hydrated colloidal gel.
3 CaO.Al2O3 + 6 H2O
3 CaO.Al2O3.2 H2O
Ca(OH)2
2 CaO.SiO2
2 CaO.SiO2.x H2O
3 Ca(OH)2
2 Al(OH)3
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10. Write one method of preparation of BrF5. Elucidate its structure and mention the
hybridization involved.
Ans.: PPEPARATION: Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5 can be prepared by the direct reaction of
bromine with excess of fluorine at temperatures over 150 C.
Br2 + 5 F2 2 BrF5
ELUCIDATION OF STRUCTURE:
Total no. of valence electrons = 1 X 7 (for Br) + 5 X 7 (for F) = 42
No. of Bond pairs = 5
No. of electrons involved in octet formation = 5 X 8 = 40
Therefore, no. of lone pairs
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40. Distinguish between manure and fertilizer with at least one example in each case.