tmpC715 TMP

American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.
, 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

ISSN 1818-6769
IDOSI Publications, 2016
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2016.16.6.12973
Growth and Yield of Transplant Aman Rice as Affected by

Different Levels of Urea Super Granules and Depth of Placement
Md. Atiqure Rahman, 2Md. Abdullahil Baque,
Md. Mahfuzar Rahman and 2Md. Quamruzzaman
1
Manager, Planning and Institutional Trials,

Syngenta Bangladesh Ltd., Lalmatia, Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
1
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA),
Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of levels of urea super granules and depth of placement on the growth and
yield of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of two varieties namely, BINA Dhan 4 and BRRI Dhan
32, three levels of urea super granules and three depth of placement of urea super granules. The results revealed
that the effect of variety was significant in respect of yield and most of the plant characters. The higher grain
yield (6.06 t ha 1) was obtained from BRRI Dhan 32 mainly contributed by its higher numbers of effective tillers
hill 1 and grains panicle 1. The lowest grain yield (3.85 t ha 1) was observed in BINA Dhan 4. Effect of levels
of urea super granules significantly influenced all the yield attributes and growth characters, except plant
height, total grains panicle 1, 1000-grain weight, straw yield and harvest index. The highest grain yield (5.22 t
ha 1) was obtained when the crop fertilized with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG. Effect of depth of placement of urea
super granules significantly influenced all the yield attributes and growth character of transplant aman rice
except 1000-grain weight and harvest index. The highest grain yield (5.36 t ha 1) was obtained when the crop
grown with 6 cm depth of placement of urea super granules. Depth of 8 cm placement of USG gave the lowest
grain yield (4.58 t ha 1). The interaction effect of variety, levels of urea super granules and depth of placement
of USG had significant effects on most of the growth characters and yield attributes. The grain yield was not
affected by the interaction of variety, levels of urea super granules and depth of placement of USG. However,
numerically the highest grain yield (7.00 t ha 1) was found in BRRI Dhan 32 coupled with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG
at 6 cm depth of placement and the lowest grain yield (3.33 t ha 1) was found in BINA Dhan 4 fertilized with 120
kg N ha 1 as USG at 8 cm depth of placement.
Key words: Aman Rice
Variety
Urea Super Granules (USG) and Depth of Placement
INTRODUCTION
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major food crop of
Bangladesh covering about 80 percent of total cropped
area. Agriculture of Bangladesh is characterized by
intensive crop production with rice based cropping
systems. But the yield of rice is much below compared to
that in other rice growing countries of the world. The area
and production of rice in Bangladesh are about 11.34
million hectare and 34.13 million tons, respectively.
Transplant aman covers the largest area, about 5.53
million hectares and highest production about 13.02

million tons of rice BBS [1].The horizontal expansion of
the rice area in Bangladesh is not possible due to heavy
population pressure. So the only avenue left is to increase
the production of rice through vertical means. The yield
of aman rice is lower than that of boro rice. Some reasons
of this low production may be low response to fertilizer
especially N fertilizer. For maximizing yield of rice, nitrogen
fertilizer is the kingpin in rice farming. Urea is the most
commonly used nitrogen fertilizer for rice in this country.
The nitrogen content of Bangladesh soil is very low due
Corresponding Author: Md. Mahfuzar Rahman, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,

Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
1103
Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016
to warm climate accompanied by extensive cultivation. It

is a fact that rice plants require more nutrients to produce
more yields. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is very
low in rice. Modifying urea materials is an important
aspect of nitrogen management in rice from the view
points of its efficient utilization. Nitrogen use efficiency
for rice crop largely ranges between 25 and 35% and
seldom exceeds 50% Singh and Yadav [2]. Nitrogen in one
of the major nutrient elements for crop production that
influences the growth and yield of rice. But unfortunately
the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in wetland rice culture
is very low. Numerous N use experiments have shown
that the efficiency at which N is utilized by wetland rice is
only about 30% of the applied fertilizer N and in many
cases even less [3, 4]. This low recovery of applied
fertilizer N by rice plant is largely caused by losses of N
from the soil plant system. The uniue condition of wetland
soil promotes N loss through amnonia volatilization,
denitrification, leaching and surface run-off when it is
applied as prilled form in the soil surface. According to
Crasswell and De Datta [5] broadcast application of urea
on the surface soil causes losses upto 50% but point
placement of urea supper granules (USG) in 10 cm depth
may result negligible loss. Urea super granules (USG) is a
fertilizer that can be applied in the rice root zone at 8-10 cm
depth of soil (reduced zone of rice soil) which can save
30% nitrogen than prilled urea, increase absorption rate,
improve soil health and ultimately increase the rice yield
Savant et al. [6]. The recent literatures on nitrogen use
efficiency of rice in general, would indicate the superiority
of root zone placement of urea super granules as it could
reduce the magnitude of nitrogen losses to a considerable
extent and improve its use efficiency for better grain
production [5]. It is known that the response of crops to
nitrogen varies due to variety. So it becomes essential to
investigate the response of newly developed rice varieties
as BINA Dhan-4 and BRRI Dhan 32 to different levels of
urea super granules and different depth of placement was
under taken in this study. The objectives of the present
study were to find out the optimum dose of nitrogen, the
optimum depth of placement of urea super granule(s), the
varietal performance and to find out the interaction among
these factors on the growth and yield of transplant aman
rice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted at the experimental
field of the Bangladesh
Institute of Nuclear
Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during aman season.
The experimental field is located in 24 75 N latitude and

90 5 E longitude at an attitude of 18m above the mean sea
level. The experimental area belongs to Sonatala soil
series under Old Brahmaputra Flood plain (AEZ-9). The
region occupies a large area of Brahmaputra sediments
which are laid down before the river sifted into its present
Jamuna channel about 200 years ago FAO and UNDP [7].
The experimental field belongs to Non-calcareous Dark
Grey Floodplain Soil. The field was a medium high land of
silty loam soils having pH around 6.5. The climate of the
locality is tropical in nature and is characterized by high
temperature and heavy rainfall during kharif season (April
to September) and Scanty rainfall associated with
moderately low temperature during Rabi season (October
to March). The experiment consisted of two varieties
namely, V1-BINA Dhan 4 and V2-BRRI Dhan 32, three
levels of urea super granules namely, N1-one urea super
granule 4 hills 1
40 kg N ha 1, N2-two urea super
1
granules 4 hills
80 kg N ha 1 and N3-three urea super
granules 4 hills 1 120 kg N ha 1 and three depth of
placement of urea super granules namely, D1-4 cm, D2-6
cm and D3-8 cm. The experiment was laid out in a splitsplit plot design with three replications. Varieties were
assigned in the main plots, Nitrogen fertilizer in the sub
plots and depth of placement of USG in the sub-sub plot
at random. The unit plot size was 2.5m 2.0m. The main
plots, sub plots and sub-sub plots were separated from
each other by 1.0 m, 1.0 m and 0.5, respectively.
Procedure of Data Collection
Growth Parameters: Five hills were randomly selected
and marked with the bamboo stick in each unit plot
excluding border rows to record the data on plant height,
tiller numbers hill 1, leaf numbers hill and leaf area index.
Plant height was measured from the base of the plant up
to the tip of the longest leaf. Plant height, leaf area index
and tiller numbers hill 1 was recorded at 60 days after
transplanting (DAT).
Yield Parameters: For assessing yield parameters, five
hills were selected at random from individual plots from
central undisturbed area at final harvest. Uprooted and
properly tagged before harvesting for recording
necessary data which are related with yield and yield
components. The crop was harvested at full maturity
when 90% of the grains turned golden yellow in color.
The crop of individual plot was threshed by pedal
thresher. Grains were sun dried to a moisture content of
some 14% and then weighed. Straw was dried and
weighed. Yields of both grain and straw were converted
1104

1
to t ha 1. Plant height, number of tillers hil (total,
effective and non-effective tillers), panicle length and
number of grains panicle 1 (total filled and unfilled grains)
were recorded.
Plant Height: Plant height was measured from the ground

level to the top of the longest leaf from randomly selected
hills of each plot.
Number of Total Tillers hill 1: The total number of tillers
hill 1 was counted from selected sampled hills.
Number of Tillers Hill 1: Number of effective and noneffective tillers hill 1 was noted.
Panicle Length (cm): Measurement was taken from basal
node of the rachis to the apex of each panicle.
Number of Grains and Unfilled Grains Panicle 1:
Number of grains and unfilled grains from selected
hills were counted and average of which gave the
number of grains and unfilled grains panicle 1. Presence
of any food material in the grains was considered as filled
grains and lacked any food materials inside as unfilled
grains.
Total Grains Panicle 1: The number of filled grains
panicle 1 plus the number of unfilled grains panicle 1
gave the total number of grains panicle 1.
Weight of 1000-grains (g): Clean dried grains were
counted from the seed stock obtained from each lot and
weighed by using an electronic balance.
Grain Yield (t ha 1): The grain yield was measured from
1m2 area harvest in each (at 14% moisture level) and
converted into t ha 1 .
Straw Yield (t ha 1): The sun dried straw was weighed
from the same sample which was harvested for grain yield.
Harvest Index (HI): Harvest Index was calculated from the
grain yield and biological yield using the following
formula:
Harvest index (%) = 100
Statistical Analysis: Data recorded for different
parameters were compiled and tabulated and statistical
analysis were done following split-split plot design with
the help of computer package M-STAT. The mean

differences were adjudged by Duncans Multiple Ranges
Test Gomez and Gomez [8].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Height: Plant height at harvest was significantly
influenced by the transplant aman rice varieties (Table 1).
BRRI Dhan32 produced significantly taller pants (133.77
cm), than BINA Dhan4 (116.57 cm) (Table 1). This
variation was probably occurred due to the genetic
variation between the varieties. These findings are in
conformity with those obtained by Swant et al. [9], BRRI
[10] and BINA [11].
Plant height at harvest was found to be non
responsive to levels of urea super granule(s) (Table 1).
However, numerically the tallest plant (126.6 cm) was
observed at 120 kg N ha 1 in the form of USG, while the
shortest plant (123.8 cm) was observed at 40 kg N ha 1
(Table 1). The increase in plant height due to application
of high level of nitrogen might be associated with
stimulating effect of nitrogen on various physiological
process including cell division and cell elongation of the
plant.
The effect of interaction between variety and levels
of urea super granule(s) on plant height was statistically
significant (Table 1) BRRI Dhan32 grown with USG at 120
kg N ha 1 produced significantly tallest plant (136.4 cm)
followed by V2N2 (BRRI Dhan32 80 kg N ha 1 as USG)
and V2N1 (BRRI Dhan32 40 kg N ha 1 as USG). BINA
Dhan4 produced the shortest plant (115.8 cm) when the
crop was grown with 40 kg N ha 1 as USG (Table 1). A
regular trend of increase in the plant height observed with
the increase in the level of nitrogen in combination of
both the varieties showing superiority in favor of BRRI
Dhan32.
Plant height at harvest was significantly influenced
by the depth of urea super granule(s) placement (Table 1).
USG placed at 6 cm depth produced significantly tallest
plant (127.8 cm) and it was followed by 4 cm depth of USG
placement (125.9 cm). USG placed at 8 cm soil depth
produced the shortest plant (121.8 cm) (Table 1). Release
of N in the early vegetative stage from 6 cm depth of USG
placement enhanced vegetative growth which in turn
might have increased plant height.
The interaction effect between variety and depth of
placement of USG on plant height was found significant.
Table 1 shows that the tallest plant was recorded form
BRRI Dhan32 grown with 6 cm depth of USG placement
(135.8 cm) and BRRI Dhan32 grown with 4 cm depth of
1105

Table 1: Effect of variety, levels of urea super granules and depth of placement of USG and their interaction on different growth parameters of aman rice
Plant height
Leaf area index
Effective tillers
Non effective
Total tillers
at harvest (cm)
at 60 DAT
hill
tillers hill
hill
V1
116.57 b
4.20 b
9.39 b
2.79 a
11.30 b
V2
133.77 a
5.73 a
10.22 a
1.07 b
12.25 a
Level of significance
**
**
**
N1
123.83
4.85 b
9.22 b
1.87 b
11.31 b
N2
125.12
4.87 b
10.67 a
1.83 b
11.67 b
N3
126.62
5.16 a
9.53 b
2.10 a
12.34 a
NS
**
**
**
Characters
(no.)
(no.)
(no.)
Variety
USG level
Variety x USG level

V1N 1
115.81 b
4.15 d
8.69 d
2.69
10.80
V1N 2
117.11 b
4.16 d
10.18 b
2.62
11.00
V1N 3
116.83 b
4.31 c
9.31 c
3.07
12.09
V2N 1
131.82 a
5.56 b
9.76 bc
1.05
11.82
V2N 2
133.14 a
5.59 b
11.16 a
1.04
12.33
V2N 3
136.41 a
6.03 a
9.76 bc
1.13
12.60
**
NS
NS
D1
125.93 b
4.76 b
9.86 b
1.87 b
11.66 b
D2
127.81 a
5.57 a
10.57 a
1.61 c
12.62 a
Depth of placement of USG
D3
121.81 c
4.57 c
9.00 c
2.32 a
11.05 c
**
**
**
**
**
Variety x Depth of USG Placement

V1D 1
117.82 d
4.22 de
9.47 c
2.69 b
11.24 c
V1D 2
119.92 c
4.29 d
10.20 b
2.29 c
11.98 b
V1D 3
112.03 d
4.12 e
8.51 d
3.40 a
10.67 d
V2D 1
134.03 a
5.29 b
10.24 b
1.04 e
12.07 b
V2D 2
135.81 a
6.86 a
10.93 a
0.94 e
13.27 a
V2D 3
131.51 b
5.03 c
9.89 c
1.24 d
11.42 c
**
**
CV (%)
1.96
3.15
4.65
10.51
3.67
In a column figures having common letter(s) do not differ significantly whereas figures having dissimilar letters differ significantly as per DMRT * = Significant
at 5% level of probability, ** = Significant at 1% level of probability, NS = Not significant, USG = Urea super granules.
USG placement (134.0). BINA Dhan4 produced the

shortest plant (112.0 cm) when the crop was grown with
8 cm depth of USG placement.
Interaction effect
of levels of urea super
granule(s) and depth of placement of USG on plant
height was significantly influenced (Table 2). 3
USG/4 hill as 120 kg N ha 1 with 6 cm depth of
placement of USG produced the tallest plant (130.8 cm).
The shortest plant (120.6 cm) was found in 1 USG/4 hill or
40 kg N ha 1 with 8 cm depth of placement of USG (Table
2).
Plant height did not differ significantly due to
interaction of variety, levels of urea super granule(s) and
depth of placement of USG (Table 2). Apparently the
tallest plant (140.00 cm) was obtained from BRRI Dhan32
grown with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG at 60 cm depth of
placement of USG. BINA Dhan4 produced the shortest

plant (110.40 cm) when the crop was grown with 40 kg N
ha 1 as USG at 8 cm depth of placement of USG.
Leaf Area Index: Leaf area index at 60 DAT showed
significant variation between the varieties (Table 1). BRRI
Dhan32 had more LAI (5.73) than that of BINA Dhan4
(4.20) (Table 1).
Leaf area index at 60 DAT was significantly
influenced by levels of urea super granule(s) (Table 1).
Table 1 shows that 120 kg N ha 1 as USG produced
significantly highest LAI (5.16) than that of 40 and 80 kg
N ha 1 as USG.
The effect of interaction between variety and levels
of urea super granule(s) on leaf area index at 60 DAT was
statistically significant (Table 1). BRRI Dhan32 grown
1106

Table 2: Combined effect of different variety, levels of urea super granules and depth of placement of USG on different growth parameters of aman rice
Characters
Plant height at
harvest (cm)
Leaf area index

at 60 DAT
Effective tillers
hill 1 (no.)
Non effective
tillers hill 1 (no.)
Total tillers
hill 1 (no.)
USG level x Depth of USG Placement

N1D 1
125.23 bc
N1D 2
125.71 bc
N1D 3
120.62 d
N2D 1
124.81 bc
N2D 2
127.12 b
N2D 3
123.41 cd
N3D 1
127.61 b
N3D 2
130.83 a
N3D 3
121.44 d
*
CV (%)
1.96
4.57 ef
5.55 b
4.45 f
4.73 de
4.42 b
4.47 f
4.96 c
5.73 a
4.79 cd
*
3.15
9.67 cd
10.27 b
7.73 f
10.63 ab
11.17 a
10.20 bc
9.27 de
10.27 d
9.07 e
**
4.65
1.77 cd
1.74 de
2.10 b
1.90 bc
1.50 e
2.10 b
1.93 bc
1.60 de
2.77 a
**
10.51
11.17 d
12.00 c
10.77 de
11.27 d
13.27 a
10.47 e
12.53 b
12.60 b
11.90 c
**
3.67
Variety USG level Depth of USG placement

V1N 1 D 1
118.47
V1N 1 D 2
118.53
V1N 1 D 3
110.40
V1N 2 D 1
117.27
V1N 2 D 2
119.53
V1N 2 D 3
114.53
V1N 3 D 1
117.67
V1N 3 D 2
121.53
V1N 3 D 3
111.20
V2N 1 D 1
131.93
V2N 1 D 2
132.87
V2N 1 D 3
130.73
V2N 2 D 1
132.40
V2N 2 D 2
134.60
V2N 2 D 3
132.27
V2N 3 D 1
137.60
V2N 3 D 2
140.00
V2N 3 D 3
131.53
4.15
4.22
4.08
4.22
4.22
4.04
4.28
4.42
4.22
4.99
6.89
4.82
5.24
6.63
4.90
5.65
7.06
5.36
9.40
9.53
7.13
10.00
10.93
9.60
9.00
10.13
8.80
9.93
11.00
8.33
11.27
11.40
10.80
9.53
10.40
9.33
2.60 bc
2.53 cd
2.93 b
2.73 bc
2.20 de
2.93 b
2.73 bc
2.13 e
4.33 a
0.93 fg
0.93 fg
1.27 f
1.07 fg
0.80 g
1.27 f
1.13 fg
1.07 fg
1.20 f
10.47 hi
11.67 d-f
10.27 i
11.13 gh
12.07 d-f
9.81 i
12.13 de
12.20 c-e
11.93 d-f
11.87 d-f
12.33 b-d
11.27 fg
11.40 e-g
14.47 a
11.13 gh
12.93 bc
13.00 b
11.87 d-f
CV (%)
NS
3.15
NS
4.65
**
10.51
**
3.67
NS
1.96
with USG at 120 kg N ha 1 produced significantly

highest LAI (6.02). BINA Dhan4 grown with 40 kg N ha 1
as USG produced the lowest LAI (4.15) which was
statistically at par with the treatment combination of V1N2
(Table 1).
Leaf area index at 60 DAT differed significantly due
to depth of placement of urea super granule(s). Table 1
show that 6 cm depth of USG placement produced
significantly highest LAI (5.57) 8 cm depth of placement
of USG produced lowest LAI (4.57).
placement of urea super granule(s) on leaf area index at 60
DAT was significantly influenced (Table 1). Table 1 show
that the highest LAI (6.85) was recorded from BRRI
Dhan32 grown with 6 cm depth of placement of USG.
BINA Dhan4 produced the lowest LAI (4.11) when the
crop grown with 8 cm depth of placement of USG.
Interaction effect of levels of urea super granule(s)

and depth of placement of USG on leaf area index at 60
DAT was significantly influenced (Table 2). 120 kg N ha 1
as USG with 6 cm depth of placement of USG produced
highest LAI (5.74). The lowest LAI (4.45) was found in 40
kg N ha 1 as USG with 8 cm depth of placement of USG.
This was statistically at par with the treatment
combination of N 2D3.
Leaf area index at 60 DAT did not differ significantly
due to interaction of variety levels of urea granule(s) and
depth of placement of USG (Table 2). However,
numerically the highest LAI (7.05) was obtained from the
treatment combination of V2N3D2 (BRRI Dhan32 120 kg
N ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of placement of USG) and the
lowest LAI (4.04) was obtained from the treatment
combination of V1N2D3 (BINA Dhan4 80 kg N ha 1 as
USG 8 cm depth of placement of USG) (Table 2).
1107
Number of Effective Tillers Hill 1: Number of effective

tillers hil 1 was significantly influenced by variety
(Table 1). Results shows that BRRI Dhan32 (10.22)
performed better than BINA Dhan4 (9.34) in respect of
effective tillers production, (Table 1). This difference
might be due to the variation in the genotype of the
varieties. Similar result was also reported by Babiker [12].
Levels of urea super granule(s) had significant effect
on the number of effective tillers hill 1 (Table 1). The
highest number of effective tillers hill 1 (10.67) was
counted with USG applied 80 kg N ha 1 (Table 1). The
lowest number of effective tillers hill 1 (9.22) was recorded
in 40 kg N ha 1 as USG similar to 120 kg N ha 1 as USG
(9.53). Adequacy of nitrogen probably favored the cellular
activity during panicle formation and development which
led to increased number of effective tillers hill 1. Similar
results were reported by Pandey et al. [13] and Thakur
[14].
Number of effective tillers hill 1 differed significantly
due to the interaction of variety and levels of urea super
granule(s) (Table 1). Table 1 show that the highest
number of effective tillers hill 1 (11.16) was obtained from
BRRI Dhan32 coupled with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG. The
lowest number of effective tillers hill 1 (8.69 was obtained
from V1N1 (BINA Dhan4 40 kg N ha 1).
Number of effective tillers hill 1 showed significant
variation by the depth of placement of USG. The highest
number of effective tillers hill 1 (10.57) was obtained form
6 cm depth of placement of USG. 8 cm depth of placement
of USG produced the lowest number of effective tillers
hill 1 (9.00) (Table 1). Continuous availability of nitrogen
in the root zone throughout the vegetative stage might be
responsible for this better performance.
placement of USG on the number of effective tillers hill 1
was significantly influenced (Table 1). The highest
number of effective tillers hill 1 was recorded from BRRI
Dhan32 grown with 6 cm depth of placement of USG
(10.93) BINA Dhan4 produced that lowest number of
effective tillers hill 1 (8.51) when the crop was grown with
8 cm depth of placement of USG.
Number of effective tillers hill 1 also varied
significantly due to interaction effect of levels of urea
super granule(s) and depth of placement of USG (Table 2).
80 kg N ha 1 as USG at 6 cm depth of placement produced
the highest number of effective tillers hill 1 (11.17). The
lowest number of effective tillers hill 1 (10.47) was found
in N1D3 (40 kg N ha 1 8 cm depth of placement of USG)
(Table 2).
Interaction effect of variety, levels of urea super

granule(s) and depth of placement of USG did not exert
any significant influence on number of effective tillers
hill 1 (Table 2). Results shows that highest number of
effective tillers hill 1 (11.40) was obtained from V2N2D2
(BRRI Dhan32 80 kg N ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of
placement of USG) and the lowest number of effective
tillers hill 1 (7.13) was obtained from V1N1D3 (BINA Dhan4
40 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of placement of USG).
Number of non Effective Tillers Hill 1: Varieties had
significant influence of the production of non effective
tillers hill 1 (Table 1). BINA Dhan4 produced more
non-effective tillers hill 1 (2.79) than BRRI Dhan32 (1.07).
The variation in genetic makeup of the two varieties might
be the possible cause of this difference (Table 1).
Number of non effective tillers hill 1 differed
significantly due to levels of urea super granule(s)
(Table 1). The maximum number of non effective tillers
hill 1 (2.10) was observed when the crop was fertilized
with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG. However, the lowest
number of non effective tillers hill 1 which was
statistically at par with 40 kg N ha 1 as USG (Table 1).
Somewhat decreasing trend was observed with
decreasing levels of nitrogen.
The interaction of variety and levels of urea super
granule(s) had no significant effect on the number of non
effective tillers hill 1 (Table 1). Numerically the highest
number of non effective tillers hill 1 obtained from BINA
Dhan4 grown with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG. The lowest
number on non effective tillers hill 1 was fond BRRI
Dhan32 grown with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG and BRRI
Dhan32 grown with 40 kg N ha 1 as USG.
Number of non effective tillers hill 1 was significantly
influenced by the depth of placement of urea super
granule(s) (Table 1). 8 cm depth of placement of USG
produced significantly highest number of non effective
tillers hill 1 (2.32). 6 cm depth of placement of USG
produced the lowest number of non effective tillers hill 1
(1.61) (Table 1). Adequate depth of USG placement
favored the production of effective tillers while those of
high depth encouraged non effective tillers hill 1 due to
lack of nitrogen supply in time or loss of nitrogen.
placement of urea super granule(s) on the number of
non effective tillers hill 1 was significantly influenced
(Table 1). Table 1 show that the highest number of non
effective tillers hill 1 (3.40) was recorded from BINA
Dhan4 grown with 8 cm depth of placement of USG. BRRI
1108
Dhan32 produced the lowest number of non effective

tillers hill 1 (0.93) when the crop was grown with 6 cm
depth of placement of USG which was statistically at par
with V2D1 (BRRI Dhan32 4 cm depth of placement of
USG).
and depth of placement of USG on the number of non
effective tillers hill 1 was found significant (Table 2). 120
kg N ha 1 as USG with 8 cm depth of placement of USG
produced the highest number of non effective tillers hill 1
(1.50) was found in 80 kg N ha 1 as USG with 6 cm depth
of placement of USG, which was statistically identical with
N3D2 and N1D2 (Table 2).
Number of non effective tillers hill1 significantly
differed between the interaction of variety, levels of urea
Table 2 shows that the highest number of non effective
tillers hill 1 (4.33) was obtained from BINA Dhna4 coupled
with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG at 8 cm depth of placement of
USG. The lowest number of non effective tillers hill 1
(0.80) was obtained from V2N2D2 (BRRI Dhan32 80 kg N
ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of placement of USG) similar to
V1N1D1, V1N1D2, V2N2D1 and V2N3D2.
Number of Total Tillers Hill 1: Variety had significant
effect on the number of total tillers hill 1 (Table 1). The
highest number of tillers hill 1 was recorded form BRRI
Dhan32 (12.25). The lowest number (11.30) of tillers hill 1
was observed form BINA Dhan4. This variation was
probably occurred due to the genetic variation between
the varieties.
The effect of levels of urea super granule(s) was
found to be significant in respect of number of total tillers
hill 1 (Table 1). 120 kg N ha 1 in the form of USG
produced the maximum number of total tillers hill 1 (12.34).
The lowest number of total tillers hill 1 (11.31) was
recorded at 40 kg N ha 1 as USG similar to 80 kg N ha 1 as
USG (11.67) (Table 6). The progressive improvement in the
formation of tillers with increasing nitrogen level might be
due to availability of higher amount of nitrogen which
enhanced tillering habit.
Total numbers of tillers hill 1 was significantly
influenced by the depth of placement of urea super
granule(s) (Table 1). 6 cm depth of placement of USG
produced significantly highest number of total tillers hill 1
(12.62). 8 cm depth of placement of USG produced the
lowest number of total tillers hill 1 (11.05) (Table 1).
Release of N in the tillering stage from 6 cm depth of USG
placement enhanced tillering habit.
Number of total tillers hill 1 did not differ significantly

due to interaction of variety and levels of urea super
granule(s) (Table 1). It was observed that highest number
of total tillers hill (12.60) produced by BRRI Dhan32 with
120 kg N ha 1 as USG. BINA Dhan4 grown with 40 120 kg
N ha 1 as USG gave the lowest number of total tillers
hill 1 (10.80). Variety and depth of placement of urea super
granule(s) interacted with each other in terms of total
tillers hill (Table 1). BRRI Dhan32 grown with 6 c depth of
placement of USG produced the highest number of total
tillers hill 1 (13.27). BINA Dhan4 grown with 8 cm depth
of placement of USG gave the lowest number of total
tillers hill 1 (10.67) (Table 1).
and depth of placement of USG on total number of tillers
hill 1 was significantly influenced (Table 2). 2 USG/4 hill
as 80 kg N ha 1 with 6 cm depth of placement of USG
produced the highest number of total tillers hill 1 (13.27).
The lowest number of total tillers hill 1 (10.47) was found
in 2 USG/4 hill as 80 kg N ha 1 with 8 cm depth of
placement of USG similar to N1D3.
Number of total tillers hill 1 was significantly
influenced by the interaction of variety, levels of urea
Table 2 shows that the highest number of total tillers hill 1
(14.47) was obtained from BRRI Dhan32 coupled with 80
kg N ha 1 as USG at 6 cm depth of placement of USG. The
lowest number of total tillers hill 1 (9.813) was obtained
from V1N2D3 (BINA Dhan4 80 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm
depth of placement of USG) similar to V1N1D3 and V1N1D1.
Panicle Length: Variety had significant influence of
panicle length (Table 3). Table 3 revealed that BRRI
Dhan32 produced the panicle of greater length
(26.16 cm) compared to BINA Dhan4 (25.70 cm). The
probable reason of this variation was due to the genetic
characteristics influenced by heredity. This finding is in
agreement with those obtained by Babiker [12] and Idris
and Matin [15].
Significant differences in panicle length were
observed due to levels of urea super granule(s).
The longest panicle (26.37 cm) was found with 80 kg
N ha 1 as USG which was identical with that of 40 kg N
ha 1 as USG. The shortest panicle (25.49 cm) was
observed in 120 kg N ha 1 as USG (Table 3). Nitrogen
took part both in panicle formation and elongation and for
this reason panicle length increased with adequate N
levels.
1109

Table 3: Effect of variety, levels of urea super granules and depth of placement of USG and their interaction on different yield and yield contributing parameters
of aman rice
Characters
Panicle
length (cm)
Filled grains
panicle 1 (no.)
Unfilled grains
panicle 1 (no.)
Total grains
panicle 1 (no.)
1000-grain
weight (g)
Grain yield
(t ha 1)
Straw
yield (t ha 1)
Harvest
index (%)
Variety
V1
V2
25.70b
26.16a
*
119.05b
132.24a
**
18.98a
13.65a
**
138.93b
145.89a
**
27.53a
21.84b
**
3.85b
6.06a
*
4.47b
7.07a
*
46.28
46.02
NS
USG level
N1
N2
N3
25.92ab
26.37a
25.49b
*
125.13b
132.02a
119.81c
**
16.40b
14.26c
18.29a
**
142.41
148.04
136.92
NS
24.48
24.59
24.98
NS
4.91b
5.222a
4.72b
*
5.69
6.09
5.23
NS
46.10
46.24
46.10
NS
Variety x USG level

V1N 1
V1N 2
V1N 3
V2N 1
V2N 2
V2N 3
25.57
26.21
25.31
26.28
26.53
25.67
NS
117.03d
125.21c
115.02d
133.23b
138.91a
124.62c
*
19.40b
16.27c
21.27a
13.40d
12.24c
15.31c
*
138.42
114.63
133.83
146.32
151.41
140.04
NS
27.53
27.56
27.51
21.43
21.63
22.44
NS
3.89c
4.00c
3.67c
5.94b
6.44a
5.78b
*
4.51
4.63
4.28
6.87
7.55
6.77
NS
46.24
46.43
46.17
45.97
46.04
46.04
NS
Depth of USG placement

D1
25.89ab
D2
26.47a
D3
25.42b
*
125.53b
133.32a
118.22c
**
16.38c
17.76b
18.81a
**
142.52b
148.92a
135.81c
**
25.00
24.76
24.29
NS
4.92b
5.36a
4.58c
**
5.74ab
6.22a
5.36b
*
46.18
46.37
45.89
NS
Variety x Depth of USG Placement

V1D 1
25.63
V1D 2
26.09
V1D 3
25.37
V2D 1
26.16
V2D 2
26.84
V2D 3
25.48
118.43d
125.93c
112.92e
132.71b
140.61a
123.42c
18.82b
17.07c
21.04a
13.93d
10.44e
16.58c
138.12
146.82
131.83
146.91
151.03
139.81
27.42
27.91
27.27
22.59
21.60
21.32
3.83e
4.22d
3.50f
6.00b
6.50a
5.67c
2.42
4.86
4.13
7.05
7.57
6.58
46.39
46.53
45.92
45.99
46.20
45.85
CV (%)
*
2.83
**
5.08
NS
5.34
NS
5.58
*
5.75
NS
13.98
NS
1.87
NS
3.38
Panicle length did not differ significantly due to

interaction of variety and levels of urea super granule(s)
(Table 3). However numerically the highest panicle length
was found in BRRI Dhan32 fertilized with 80 kg N ha 1 as
USG. The lowest one was found in BINA Dhan4 treated
with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG (Table 3).
The effect of depth of placement of urea super
granule(s) on panicle length was significant (Table 3).
The highest panicle length was found in 6 cm depth
of placement of USG (26.47 cm) which was identical
with 4 cm depth of placement of USG. The shorts panicle
(25.42 cm) was observed in 8 cm depth of placement of
USG.
Variety and depth of placement of urea super
granule(s) was not interacted with each other in terms of
panicle length (Table 3). However numerically BRRI Dhan
32 grown with 6 cm depth of placement of USG produced
the highest (26.84 cm) panicle length. BINA Dhan4 grown

with 8 cm depth of placement of USG produced the lowest
(25.37 cm) panicle length (Table 3).
and depth of placement of USG did not differ significantly
on panicle length. The highest panicle length (26.93 cm)
was observed in the treatment combination of 80 kg N
ha 1 6 cm depth of placement of USG. The lowest
panicle length (25.00) was found the treatment
combination of 120 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of
placement of USG.
The interaction of variety, level of urea super
granule(s) and depth of placement of USG did not
influence the panicle length (Table 4). From Table 4, it was
observed that apparently the highest panicle length (26.93
cm) was recorded in the treatment combination of V 2N1D2
1110

Table 4: Combined effect of different variety, levels of urea super granules and depth of placement of USG on different yield and yield contributing parameters
of aman rice
Characters
Panicle
length (cm)
Filled grains
panicle 1 (no.)
Unfilled grains
panicle 1 (no.)
Total grains
panicle 1 (no.)
1000-grain
weight (g)
Grain
yield (t ha 1)
Straw
yield (t ha 1)
Harvest
index (%)
126.61cd
130.32bc
118.52e
131.33b
139.13a
125.61d
118.71e
130.42bc
110.33f
*
15.97c
13.30d
19.93a
14.27d
12.23e
16.27c
18.90b
15.73c
20.23a
**
143.91
147.04
136.22
146.91
155.93
141.22
136.73
143.92
130.14
NS
24.52
24.69
24.24
24.53
24.80
24.45
25.96
24.78
24.20
NS
4.92
5.25
4.58
5.08
5.75
4.83
4.75
5.08
4.33
NS
5.75
6.09
5.24
5.94
6.62
5.71
5.52
5.94
5.12
NS
46.13
46.33
45.84
46.20
46.55
45.95
46.23
46.21
45.87
NS
Variety USG level Depth of USG placement

V1N 1 D 1
25.57
117.13d-f
V1N 1 D 2
25.80
120.31c-e
V1N 1 D 3
25.53
113.62fg
V1N 2 D 1
26.27
125.13c
V1N 2 D 2
26.33
135.04b
V1N 2 D 3
26.03
115.41e-g
V1N 3 D 1
25.07
112.92fg
V1N 3 D 2
26.13
122.41cd
V1N 3 D 3
24.73
109.64g
V2N 1 D 1
26.73
136.12b
V2N 1 D 2
26.93
140.21ab
V2N 1 D 3
25.17
123.42cd
V2N 2 D 1
26.07
137.51ab
V2N 2 D 2
27.53
143.32a
V2N 2 D 3
26.00
135.91b
V2N 3 D 1
25.67
124.54c
V2N 3 D 2
26.07
138.32ab
V2N 3 D 3
25.27
111.13fg
18.13c
17.53c
22.53a
17.13c
13.53d
18.13c
21.20ab
20.13b
22.47a
13.80d
9.07f
17.33c
11.40e
10.93e
14.40d
16.60c
11.33e
18.00c
139.71
140.90
130.82
142.73
157.54
133.51
132.13
138.14
131.11
148.21
149.11
141.52
151.53
154.23
148.94
141.32
149.71
129.13
27.57
27.72
27.30
27.42
27.96
27.30
27.28
28.06
27.20
21.47
21.65
21.17
21.65
21.65
21.59
24.65
21.50
21.18
4.00
4.17
3.50
3.83
4.50
3.67
3.67
4.00
3.33
5.83
6.33
5.67
6.33
7.00
6.00
5.83
6.17
5.33
4.65
4.82
4.15
4.42
5.16
4.29
4.28
4.60
3.95
6.93
7.36
6.33
7.46
8.07
7.12
6.76
7.27
6.29
46.54
46.37
45.80
46.46
46.67
46.16
46.16
46.54
45.80
45.73
46.29
45.88
45.95
46.44
45.74
46.29
45.88
45.95
Level of significance NS
CV (%)
3.38
**
5.08
NS
5.34
NS
5.58
NS
5.75
NS
13.98
NS
1.87
USG level x Depth of USG Placement

N1D 1
26.15
N1D 2
26.37
N1D 3
25.25
N2D 1
26.17
N2D 2
26.93
N2D 3
26.02
N3D 1
25.37
N3D 2
26.10
N3D 3
25.00
Level of significance NS
**
2.83
placement of USG) and the lowest one (24.73 cm) was

found in the treatment combination of V1N3D3 (BINA
Dhan4 120 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of placement
of USG).
Number of Filled Grains Panicle 1: Varieties differed
significantly in respect of number of filled grains panicle 1
(Table 3). Significantly higher number of filled grains
panicle 1 (132.24) was produced by BRRI Dhan32 (Table
3). Probably this variation was attributed to the genetic
characteristics of the cultivars. Similar trends were
reported by Singh and Gangwer [16] and Chowdhury et
al. [17].
The effect of levels of nitrogen as urea super
granule(s) on number of filled grains panicle1 was
significant (Table 3). The highest number of filled grains
panicle 1 was observed with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG while
120 kg N ha 1 as USG produced the lowest number of

filled grains panicle 1 (Table 3). Nitrogen took part both
in grain formation and development and for this reason
number of filled grains panicle 1 increased with adequate
N levels.
Number of filled grains panicle 1 differed significantly
by the interaction of variety and levels of urea super
granule(s) (Table 3). The highest number of filled grains
panicle-1 (138.9) was found in BRRI Dhan32 grown with 80
kg N ha 1 as USG. The lowest number of filled grains
panicle 1 (115.0) was found in BINA Dhan4 grown with
120 kg N ha 1 as USG which was statistical at par with
V1N1 (BINA Dhan4 40 kg N ha 1 as USG).
Depth of placement of urea super granule(s) showed
a significant influence on number of filled grains panicle 1
(Table 3). The highest number of filled grains panicle 1
(133.3) was obtained from 6 cm depth of placement of
1111
USG. Placement of USG at 8 cm depth produced the

lowest number of filled grains panicle 1 (118.2) (Table 3).
Continuous availability of nitrogen at 6 cm depth of USG
placement might enhance grain formation and
development which eventually resulted in higher number
of filled grains panicle 1.
granule(s) interacted with each other in terms of number
of filled grains panicle 1 (Table 3). BRRI Dhan32 grown
with 6 cm depth of placement of USG produced the
highest number of filled grains panicle 1 (140.6). BINA
produced the lowest number of filled grains panicle 1
(112.9) (Table 3).
and depth of placement of USG on number of filled grains
panicle 1 was significantly influenced (Table 4).
Application of 80 kg N ha 1 as USG with 6 cm depth of
placement produced the highest number of filled grains
panicle 1 (139.1). The lowest number of filled grains
panicle 1 (110.3) was found in 120 kg N ha 1 as USG with
8 cm depth of placement of USG.
Number of filled grains panicle 1 was found to be
influenced significantly by the interaction of variety levels
of urea super granule(s) and depth of placement of USG
(Table 4). Table 4 shows that the highest number of filled
grains panicle 1 (143.3) was obtained from BRRI Dhan32
grown with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG at 6 cm depth of
placement of USG, which was statistically identical with
V2N1D2, V2N 2D 1and V2N3D2. The lowest number of filled
grains panicle 1 (109.6) was obtained from BINA 4
coupled with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG at 8 cm depth of
placement of USG, which was statistically at par with
V1N1D3, V1N2D3 V1N3D1 and V2N3D3.
Number of Unfilled Grains Panicle 1: The effect of
variety on number of unfilled grains panicle 1 was highly
significant (Table 3). Table 3 shows that the highest
number of unfilled grains panicle1 (18.98) was observed in
BINA Dhan4 compared to that of BRRI Dhan32 (13.65).
This variation might be due to genetics characteristics.
Cowdhury et al. [17] and BINA [11] also reported
differences in number of unfilled grains panicle 1 due to
varietal differences.
Levels of urea super granule(s) had significant effect
on the production of unfilled grains panicle 1 (Table 3).
The highest number of unfilled grains panicle 1 (18.29)
was observed with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG. The lowest
number of unfilled grains panicle 1 (14.26) was observed
with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG. Higher level of nitrogen
fertilizer might contribute vegetative growth but not

reproductive growth and thus results in higher number of
unfilled grains panicle 1.
Number of unfilled grains panicle 1 was significantly
influenced by the interaction of variety and levels of urea
super granule(s). Table 3 shows that the highest number
of unfilled grains panicle 1 (21.27) was obtained from
BINA Dhan4 grown with 120 kg N ha 1 as USG. The
lowest number of unfilled grains panicle 1 (12.24) was
obtained from BRRI Dhan32 was fertilized with 80 kg N
ha 1 as USG.
Number of unfilled grains panicle 1 was found to be
influenced significantly by the depth of placement of urea
super granule(s). Table 3 shows that 8 cm depth of
placement of USG production significantly highest
number of unfilled grains panicle 1 (18.81). 4 cm depth of
placement of USG produced the lowest number of unfilled
grains panicle 1 (16.38). 8 cm depth of USG placement
might contribute to vegetative growth but not
reproductive growth and results in higher number of
unfilled grains panicle 1 due to lack of nitrogen supply in
time or loss of nitrogen.
placement of urea super granule(s) on the number of
unfilled grains panicle 1 was significantly influenced.
Table 3 shows that the highest number of unfilled grains
panicle 1 (21.04) was recorded from BINA Dhan4 grown
with 8 cm depth of placement of USG. BRRI Dhan32
produced the lowest number of unfilled grain panicle 1
(10.44) when the crop was grown with 6 cm depth of
placement of USG.
Number of unfilled grains panicle 1 also varied
significantly due to interaction of levels of urea super
granule(s) and depth of placement of USG (Table 4). 120
kg N ha 1 as USG with 8 cm depth of placement of USG
produced the highest number of unfilled grains panicle 1
(20.23) which was statistically identical with N1D3 (40 kg
N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of placement of USG). The
lowest number of unfilled grains panicle 1 (12.23) was
found in 8 kg N ha 1 as USG with 6 cm depth of placement
of USG (Table 4).
Number of unfilled grains panicle 1 also varied
significantly due to the interaction of variety, level of urea
super granule(s) and depth of placement of USG. Table 4
shows that the highest number of unfilled grains panicle 1
(22.53) was obtained from BINA Dhan4 coupled with 40
kg N ha 1 as USG at 8 cm depth of placement of USG,
which was statistically identical with V1N3D3 and
V1N3D1. The lowest number of unfilled grains panicle 1
(9.06) was obtained from BRRI Dhan32 coupled with 40 kg
N ha 1 as USG at 6 cm depth of placement of USG.
1112
Number of Total Grains Panicle 1: Variety exerted a

significant influence of number of grains panicle 1. BRRI
Dhan32 ranked higher (145.89) in producing total grains
panicle 1 (Table 3). The probable reason of this variation
might be due to their variable genetic constituents. Similar
results were also reported by BRRI [10] and Chowdhury
et al. [17].
found to be insignificant in respect of total grains
panicle 1 (Table 3). However, apparently the highest
number of total grains panicle 1 (148.0) was observed at
80 kg N ha 1 as USG, while the lowest one (133.9) at 120
kg N ha 1 as USG (Table 3). This finding is somewhat
contradictory with those of Sarder et al. [18].
Number of total grains panicle 1 was independent of
the interaction between variety and levels of urea super
granule(s) (Table 3). Numerically the maximum number of
total grains panicle 1 was obtained from BRRI Dhan32
grown with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG while that was the
minimum with BINA Dhan4 fertilized with 120 kg N ha 1 as
USG (Table 3).
Depth of placement of USG had significant influence
on the number of total grains panicle 1 (Table 3). Result
shows that the highest total grains panicle 1 (148.9) was
observed by 6 cm depth of placement of USG. The lowest
total grains panicle 1 (135.8) was observed by 8 cm depth
of placement of USG. Adequate depth of USG placement
favored nitrogen supply during grain and development
which led to increase number of total grains panicle 1.
Number of total grains panicle 1 did not differ
significantly by the interaction of variety and depth of
placement of urea super granule(s) (Table 3). Numerically
the maximum number of total grains panicle 1 was
obtained from BRRI Dhan32 grown with 6 cm depth of
placement of UGS while that was the minimum with BINA
Dhan4 grown with 8 cm depth of placement of USG (Table
3).
The interaction effect of levels of urea super
granule(s) and depth of placement of USG was found to
be insignificant in respect of total grains panicle 1 (Table
4). However, numerically the highest number of total
grains panicle 1 (155.9) was found in N2D2 (80 kg N ha 1
as USG 6 cm depth of placement of USG) and the lowest
one was found in N1D3 (40 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth
of placement of USG).
granule(s) and depth of placement of USG did not differ
significantly influenced on total number of grains
panicle 1 (Table 4). Results shows that highest number of
total grains panicle 1 (157-5) was obtained from V1N2D2

(BINA Dhan4 80 kg N ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of
placement of USG) and the lowest number of total grains
panicle 1 (129.1) was obtained from V2N3D3 (BRRI Dhan32
120 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of placement of
USG).
1000-Grain Weight: Variety had significant effect on the
1000-grain weight (Table 3). The highest 1000-grain
weight was recorded form BRRI Dhan32 (27.53 g). The
lowest 1000-grain weight (21.84) was observed form BINA
Dhan4. This variation was probably occurred due to the
genetic variation between the varieties.
The effects of levels of urea super granule(s) were
found to be insignificant in respect of 1000-grain weight
(Table 3). However, apparently the highest weight of
1000-grain was observed at 120 kg N ha 1 as USG while
the lowest one was observed at 40 kg N ha 1 as USG
(Table 3).
The interaction of variety and levels of urea super
granule(s) did not differ significantly on 1000-grain weight
(Table 3). From Table 3 it is observed that all the levels of
USG with BINA Dhan4 gave the highest 1000-grain
weight than those of BRRI Dhan32.
Weight of 1000-grain was found to be non
responsive due to depth of placement of urea super
granule(s) (Table 3). However, apparently 4 cm depth of
placement of USG produced the highest (25.00 g) 1000grain weight. The lowest 1000-grain weight (24.29) was
produced by 8 cm depth of placement of USG.
1000-grain weight (Table 3). However numerically BINA
produced the highest (27.91 g) 1000-grain weight. BRRI
produced the lowest (21.32 g) 1000-grain weight (Table 3).
and depth of placement of USG did not differ significantly
on 1000-grain weight (25.96 g) was observed in the
treatment combination of 120 kg N ha 1 4 cm depth of
placement of USG. The lowest 1000-grain weight (24.20 g)
was found the treatment combination of 120 kg N ha 1 as
USG 8 cm depth of placement of USG.
The interaction of variety, level of urea super
influence the 1000-grain weight (Table 4). From Table 4 it
is observed that apparently the highest 1000-grain weight
(28.06 g) was recorded in the treatment combination of
1113
V1N3D2 (BINA Dhan4 120 kg N ha 1 as USG 6 cm

depth of placement of USG) and the lowest one (21.17 g)
was found in the treatment combination of V2N1D3 (BRRI
Dhan32 40 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of placement
of USG).
Grain Yield: Grain yield significantly differed between the
varieties of transplant aman rice (Table 3). Table 3 shows
that the grain yield was significantly higher in BRRI
Dhan32 (6.06 t ha 1) compared to BINA Dhan4 (3.85 t
ha 1) (Table 3). Higher yield in BRRI Dhan32 was
attributed to production of more effective tillers hill 1,
filled grains panicle 1, with grater panicle length. BINA
Dhan4 with higher 1000-grain weight failed to yield better
due to its higher non effective tillers and higher unfilled
grains panicle 1. Varietal differences regarding grain yield
was also reported by Leenakumari et al. [19] and Singh et
al. [20].
The levels of urea super granule(s) showed a
significant influence on grain yield (Table 3). Table 3
shows that the grain yield of transplant aman rice was the
highest (5.22 t ha 1) with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG. 120 kg N
ha 1 as USG gave the lowest yield of (4.72 t ha 1) which
was statistically at par with 40 kg N ha 1 as USG.
Adequacy of nitrogen probably favored to produced the
highest number of effective tillers hill 1, total number of
grains panicle 1, number of filled grains panicle 1, 1000grian weight which ultimately gave higher grain yield.
Grain yield also varied significantly due to interaction
of variety and levels of urea super granule(s). From Table
3, it is evident that the highest grain yield (6.44 t ha 1) was
given by BRRI Dhan32 coupled with 80 kg N ha 1 as USG.
BINA Dhan4 coupled with all levels of urea super
granule(s) was given lowest grain yield.
Grain yield was significantly influenced by depth of
placement of urea super granule(s) (Table 3). Table 3
shows that the highest grain yield (5.36 t ha 1) was
obtained from 6 depth of placement of USG. 8 cm depth of
placement of USG produced the lowest grain yield (4.58 t
ha 1). 6 cm depth of USG placement produced the highest
number of effective tillers hill 1, total number of grains
panicle 1, number of filled grains panicle 1, 1000-grain
weight which ultimately gave higher grain yield.
granule(s) interacted with each other in terms of grain
yield (Table 3). BRRI Dhan32 grown with 6 cm depth of
placement of USG produced the highest grain yield (6.50
t ha 1). BINA Dhan4 grown with 8cm depth of placement
of USG produced the lowest grain yield (3.050 t ha 1)
(Table 3).

depth of placement of USG did not differ significantly in
respect of grain yield (Table 4). However, apparently the
highest grain yield (5.75 t ha 1) was obtained from the
treatment combination of N2D2 (80 kg N ha 1 as USG 6
cm depth of placement of USG). The lowest grain yield
(4.33 t ha 1) was found the treatment combination of N3D3
(120 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of placement of USG).
influence of grain yield (Table 4). Table 4 shows that
numerically the highest grain yield (7.00 t ha 1) was found
in treatment combination of V 2N2D2 (BRRI Dhan32 80 kg
N ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of placement of USG) and the
lowest grain yield (3.33 t ha 1) was found in treatment
combination of V1N3D3 (BINA Dhan4 120 kg N ha 1 as
USG 8 cm depth of placement of USG).
Straw Yield: Straw yield varied significantly due to
variety (Table 3). Figure 10 shows that the straw yield of
BRRI Dhan32 was 7.07 t ha 1 and that of BINA Dhan4
was 4.47 t ha 1 (Table 3). This result is in conformity with
those obtained by Chowdhury et al. [17].
found to be insignificant in respect of straw yield (Table
3). Table 3 shows that the highest straw yield (6.09 t ha 1)
was obtained at 80 kg N ha 1 as USG (Table 6). The
lowest straw yield (5.23 t ha 1) was obtained at 120 kg N
ha 1 as USG.
Straw yield din not differ significantly by the
interaction of variety and levels of urea super granule(s).
However apparently the highest straw yield (7.55 t ha 1)
was obtained from the treatment combination of BRRI
Dhan32 and 80 kg N ha 1 as USG. The lowest straw yield
(4.28 t ha 1) was obtained from the treatment combination
of BINA Dhan4 and 120 kg N ha 1 as USG.
Straw yield was significantly influenced due to depth
of placement of urea super granule(s) (Table 3). It was
observed that 6 cm depth of placement of USG produced
significantly the highest straw yield (6.22 t ha 1) which
was statistically identical with 4 cm depth of placement of
USG. The lowest straw yield (5.36 t ha 1) was produced
by 8 cm depth of placement of USG (Table 3) Continuous
availability of nitrogen at 6 cm depth of USG placement
might enhance vigorous vegetative growth which
eventually resulted in higher straw yield.
Straw yield did not differ significantly by the
interaction of variety and depth of placement of urea
super granule(s) (Table 4). However, numerically the
highest straw yield (7.57 t ha 1) was obtained from BRRI
1114
Dhan34 grown with 6 cm depth of placement of USG. The

lowest one (4.13 t ha 1) was found in BINA Dhan4 grown
with 8 cm depth of placement of USG. Straw yield was not
significantly influenced by the interaction of levels of urea
However, numerically the highest straw yield (6.62 t ha 1)
was found in N2D2 (80 kg N ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of
placement of USG) and the lowest one (5.12 t ha 1) was
found in N3D3 (120 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of
placement of USG).
significantly on straw yield (Table 4). Table 4 shows that
numerically the highest straw yield (8.07 t ha 1) was found
in V2N2D2 (BRRI Dhan32 80 kg N ha 1 as USG 6 cm
depth of placement of USG) and the lowest straw yield
(3.95 t ha 1) was found in V1N3D3 (BINA Dhan4 120 kg
N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth of placement of USG).
Harvest Index:
Variety
showed insignificant
influence on harvest index (Table 3). However,
numerically BINA Dhan4 was found superior (46.28%)
to BRRI Dhan32 (46.02%) in respect of harvest index
(Table 3).
Levels of urea super granule(s) did not exert
significant influence of harvest index. Numerically
the maximum harvest index (46.24%) was recorded in
80 k g N ha 1 as USG while the lowest (46.10%)
was o btained from 40 and 120 kg N ha 1 as USG
(Table 3).
Harvest index did not differ significantly by the
interaction of variety and levels of urea super granule(s)
(Table 3). However, apparently the highest harvest index
(46.430%) was given by BINA Dhan4 grown with 80 kg N
ha 1 as USG. The lowest harvest index (45.97%) was
given by BRRI Dhan32 grown with 40 kg N ha 1 as USG
(Table 3).
Harvest index was not significantly influenced due to
depth of placement of urea super granule(s) (Table 3).
However, numerically 6 cm depth of placement of USG
produced the highest (46.37%) harvest index. The lowest
harvest index (45.89%) was produced by 8 cm depth of
placement of USG.
harvest index (Table 3). Numerically BINA Dhan4 grown
with 6 cm depth of placement of USG produced the
highest harvest index (46.53%). BRRI Dhan32 grown
with 8 cm depth of placement of USG produced the lowest
harvest index (45.85%) (Table 3).
The interaction effect of levels of urea super

significantly on harvest index (Table 4). However,
numerically the highest harvest index (46.55%) was
observed in the treatment combination of N2D2 (80 kg N
ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of placement of USG). The
lowest harvest index (45.84%) was found in the treatment
combination of N1D3 (40 kg N ha 1 as USG 8 cm depth
of placement of USG).
The interaction of variety, levels of urea super
significantly on harvest index (Table 4). However
numerically the highest harvest index (46.67%) was
obtained from the treatment combination of V1N2D2 (BINA
Dhan4 80 kg N ha 1 as USG 6 cm depth of
placement of USG). The lowest harvest index (45.73%)
was obtained from the treatment combination of V2N1D1
placement of USG) (Table 4).
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that
the performance of BRRI Dhan32 was better than that of
BINA Dhan4 in the transplant aman season 80 kg N ha 1
as USG gave better performance in respect of grain yield.
Hence, it is expected that urea super granules may enable
small scale rice farmers to apply 2 granules in the centre of
4 hills in alternate rows. Among the depth of placement of
USG, 6 cm depth gave better performance in respect of
grain yield which proved best placement depth of USG.
However, further trails are necessary to arrive at a definite
conclusion.
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1116

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American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.

, 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Growth and Yield of Transplant Aman Rice as Affected by

Manager, Planning and Institutional Trials,

Urea Super Granules (USG) and Depth of Placement

million hectares and highest production about 13.02

Corresponding Author: Md. Mahfuzar Rahman, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

to warm climate accompanied by extensive cultivation. It

The experimental field is located in 24 75 N latitude and

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Plant Height: Plant height was measured from the ground

the help of computer package M-STAT. The mean

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Leaf area index

Variety x USG level

Depth of placement of USG

Variety x Depth of USG Placement

USG placement (134.0). BINA Dhan4 produced the

placement of USG. BINA Dhan4 produced the shortest

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Leaf area index

USG level x Depth of USG Placement

Variety USG level Depth of USG placement

with USG at 120 kg N ha 1 produced significantly

Interaction effect of levels of urea super granule(s)

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Number of Effective Tillers Hill 1: Number of effective

Interaction effect of variety, levels of urea super

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Dhan32 produced the lowest number of non effective

Number of total tillers hill 1 did not differ significantly

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Variety x USG level

Depth of USG placement

Variety x Depth of USG Placement

Panicle length did not differ significantly due to

the highest (26.84 cm) panicle length. BINA Dhan4 grown

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Variety USG level Depth of USG placement

USG level x Depth of USG Placement

placement of USG) and the lowest one (24.73 cm) was

120 kg N ha 1 as USG produced the lowest number of

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

USG. Placement of USG at 8 cm depth produced the

fertilizer might contribute vegetative growth but not

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Number of Total Grains Panicle 1: Variety exerted a

total grains panicle 1 (157-5) was obtained from V1N2D2

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

V1N3D2 (BINA Dhan4 120 kg N ha 1 as USG 6 cm

Interaction effect of levels of urea super granule(s)

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Dhan34 grown with 6 cm depth of placement of USG. The

The interaction effect of levels of urea super

BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics), 2014. Year

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1103-1116, 2016

Crasswell, E.T. and S.K. De Datta, 1980. Recent

14. Thakur, R.B., 1993. Performance of summer rice

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