:I

1
H
H .
CH3COOH H CH3COO
CH3COO H CH3COOH
CH3COOH CH3COO :

)CH3COO(aq) H (aq

)CH3COOH( aq

CH3COOH / CH3COO :

CH3COOH
CH3COOH / CH3COO
CH3COO
C6 H 5COOH
C6 H5COOH / C6 H5COO
C6 H5COO
NH 3
NH4 / NH3
NH4
H 2O
H3O
H3O / H2O
: .
) (H2O : H 2O / HO :
. H3O / H2O

.

.

.
:
CH3COO H 3O
)( aq

CH3COOH H 2O

)( aq

H3O / H2O :

CH3COOH / CH3COO

 H - HA1 / A1

A1 H
HA2

HA2 / A2

HA1

A2 H

A1 HA2

HA1 A2

: NH4 / NH3 : H 3O / H 2O
) H3O(aq
) NH4( aq) H 2O(l

-II
1

)NH3( aq

pH
pH

) H 3O( aq pH :

] pH log[H3O

pH

pH :
: . pH
:pH .

pH.

: pH

pH

pH

III
1
* x .
* xmax .
:
:
N 2 3H 2 2NH3

1mol ( 2mol )N2 :( H2(

x .

:
xmax 1mol
N2 1 xmax 0 :

H2 2 xmax 0 :

xmax 2mol

xmax 1mol 1mol 2mol :

N2 .

2
( ) x f xmax

xf
:
xmax

0 1

3
CH3COOH V=50mL c=3,5.10-2mol/LpH .

. pH=3,1
(1 . CH3COOH
( 2 .
)3 H3O+ .
)4 .
)5 V pH .

(1
2

no (CH3COOH) CV 3,5 10 mol.L 0,5L 1,75.102 mol

( 2

CH3COO H 3O
)( aq

)( aq

CH3COOH H 2 O
) (l

)( aq

) n(H3O

) n(CH3COO

)n(H2O

)n(CH3COOH

CV
CV x

 CV xmax 0 ::
(3 pH .
10PH 102,9 1,3103 mol / L

:H3O+

xmax CV 1,75.102 mol

H O

n(H3O ) f H3O f .V 10PH.V 103,1. mol / L.0,5L 4.104 mol

)4 . n(H 3O ) f x f :
x f 10 pH.V 4.104 mol

)5
xf
10 pH.V 10 pH
103,1

0023 2,3%
xmax
CV
C
3,5.102
.
1

4
CH3COO .
CH3COOH H 2O

CH3COO H3O

) CH3COOH(aq) H2O(l

)CH3COO(aq) H3O(aq

CH3COOH H 2 O
CH3COO H 3O
)( aq

) n(H3O

)( aq

) n(CH3COO

x
x
x
1,75 102 mol 1,75 102 mol 1,75 102 mol
0

) (l

)( aq

)n(H2O

)n(CH3COOH

1,75 102 mol

ni x

ni x f 1,71102