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KAS 1021
RECREATIONAL & ADVENTURE 1
NAME
MATRIC NUMBER
: 17514
GROUP
: GROUP 4
DATE
CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project/assignment that the
original work in my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that
the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or
persons.
CONTENT
TITLE
PAGES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PROFILE
INTRODUCTION
PART 1 : THEORY
LECTURE 1
6-7
LECTURE 2
7-8
LECTURE 3
9-20
LECTURE 4
21-33
LECTURE 5
34-47
LECTURE 6
48-58
LECTURE 7
58-60
OUTCOMES
61
CONCLUSION
62
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With the name of Allah the most beneficent and the most merciful.
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah SWT because of his Blessing, Guidance and Merciful, I can finish
my Log Book of Recreational and Adventure 1. Firstly, I want to take this opportunity to express
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my gratitude to my Recreational and adventure 1 lecturer, Mr. Ahmad Rosli bin Din, because of all
his efforts in give guidance, give moral support and encourage us to strive hard in this course. I
also want to thank him because of his kindness throughout the theory class.
Besides, I want to thank to both of my parent because of their support, love and giving valuable
information relating to this course. Without them, I think I cannot finish this course with success.
They also help me indirectly during this log book making.
Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to my presentation group and also camping group
because had done a lot of kindness to me throughout the course. I am grateful for their
cooperation during the period of my assignment. Hope all the nice memory will remembered and
applied for further future.
PROFILE
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NAME
MATRIC
ID
IC NO
17514
940522-08-5209
COURSE
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
YEAR
DATE OF
BIRTH
PLACE OF
BIRTH
HOBBY
READING
Faiznordin94@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
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Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) aimed to produce well-rounded students. However it is not
only in academic but also in co-curriculum. Thus, the Credited Co-curriculum Programme was
established by UTP in order to provide students with knowledge and experience to develop and
enhance student capability and potential. Moreover, it is to give chances for the students to
involve in non-academic activities. One of the credited co-curriculum course offered by UTP was
Recreation & Adventure 1 (KAS 1021).
Recreation & Adventure I course offered the students to learn the basic theories and knowledge on
the recreational and adventure activities. To obtain these theories and knowledge, seven lecture
sessions and a 2 days and 1 night camping activity had been conducted successfully throughout
this semester. Each lecture session was conducted by Mr. Ahmad Rosli Din who are the lecturer of
Recreation & Adventure 1 course. Special thanks to him for supplying us a lot of informations and
knowledge.
Thus, to report of the details and knowledge obtained throughout this course in this semester
(January 2014), I, Muhammad Faiz bin Nordin had prepared this log book that include the log of
learning & theories.
LECTURE 2
DATE: 25th February 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
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LECTURE 3
DATE: 4th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00p.m-10.00p.m
DEFINITION OF RECREATION AND ADVENTURE
Recreation and adventure are activities carried out in the open air and natural environment.
Outdoor activities basically use the nature to expose individuals or a group to the practical
experiences, like feelings and interactions with the real natural situation. It is practiced as past
time activities/hobbies and recreational activities as a learning process/formal and informal
education.
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-Land
-Water
-Air
Nature
-Hobby
-Student
RECREATION
Human/People
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RECREATIONAL FORMS
If practiced in the right way, it can become an activity that can motivate a person to live
creatively, with fun and meaning.
Look closely and you will find that recreation is more individualistic i.e. it is chosen and enjoyed by
an individual.
PASSIVE
Outdoor activities that are passive are activities that are not active and challenging. It does not
require physical and mental strength. In line with its inactive form, it is not challenging. This type
of recreation is like picnicking in the weekends or strolling in the evenings and this includes:
ACTIVE
Active outdoor recreation has certain challenges. It requires physical and mental strength. It can
also contribute towards active and physical build. General involvement in this outdoor recreation
is still minimum even though it gives a lot of benefits.
Outdoor recreation activists have defined the physical recreation as activities with the following
forms:
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Other than filling up leisure time out of working hours, these activities are meant to make
one forget temporarily daily working stress.
Camping
Climbing
Orienteering
etc.
Centralized On Air
Free Falling
Parachuting
Gliding
etc.
Centralized On Water
Swimming
Canoeing
Rafting
etc.
Kite boarding
Freestyles motocross
etc.
(also called as Extreme Sport, action sports, aggro sports and adventure sport) is a popular term
for certain activities perceived as having a high level of risk.
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Although the activities have been categorized by land, water and air, the fans of this activity has
created a new activity mix up the natural resources of their creativity to get satisfaction, although
it is dangerous to themselves.
Here we must to list these activities in accordance with a clear involvement of nature use.
KITE BOARDING
Natural resources: land, water and air are used to perform these activities. Kite wind and surf
board is used in water or skate board is used on the mainland.
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DOWNHILL KAYAKING
Kayaks are necessarily used in the waters, lakes, rivers and oceans are now used in snowy high.
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FREESTYLE MOTORCROSS
Freestyle motorcross refers to a discipline of conventional motocross riding. Unlike other forms of
motocross that involve racing, freestyle focuses on aerial maneuvers known as tricks. Freestyle
riders use ramps in order to execute tricks.
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With the said knowledge and skills, the activity becomes meaningful and one will become very
conscious of ones environment. The given knowledge is also hoped to build a sense of
responsibility, especially towards usage of recreational resources. This is to ensure that these
resources are maintained for future generations.
GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 4th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00 pm-10.00 pm
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Safety
The things that should be taking into account to ensure safety are:
Wild animals.
Natural phenomenon.
Camping site.
Avoid lost.
Lack of food.
Before camping
Proper planning
Wear appropriate clothing
Be in good physical condition
Learn basic first aid
Pack enough food and water
Check your equipment
TRAIL TIPS
Before starting out, do warm-up exercise
Bring enough water and food
Never hike by yourself
Stay alert
Stay calm
Pay close attention to your surrounding and landmark
Warm yourself if it is nightfall
Follow drainage or stream
Use ground cloth to pack up tent and other supplies when it is wet.
LIGTHNING:
spread out so that people are at least 100 feet from one another
Conclusion
Trail tips
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If there are any changes of 3C in human body, we might have the risk to die. (+ or 3)
To prevent hypothermia during cool nights, bring enough clothing to stay warm.
To prevent heat-related illness such as fever and sun burn, drink lots of water, wear lightcolour clothes and apply sun block cream.
If humidity is high, sweat will not evaporate quickly which prevent the heat to be released
from our body.
We should also keep our body dry by changing the wet clothes and wipe our body by using
towel.
Intestinal infections from drinking untreated water is common. The primary culprit is a
microorganism known as Giardia.
Do not drink straight from streams, rivers or lakes. Drink only from safe sources, such as
water taps in campgrounds.
If you use water from natural sources, use chemical treatment or filtration. Untreated water
must be brought to a sustained boil for 35 minutes to kill harmful organisms.
If you plan to ride in a boat, canoe, or other water vehicle, be sure to wear a life jacket.
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Avoid alcohol
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LECTURE 4
DATE: 11th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00pm-10.00pm
In this fourth lecture, Mr Rosli starts this class by giving his lecture about camping. Camping is one
of the outdoor activities. We can also assume this activity as our life in the outdoor environment.
Camping involved many things such as cooking, responsibility, protection and so on. Usually
camping was held during holidays and can be done in forests, hills, mountains, beach, river and so
on. There are several criteria to this activity which are:
1) How to do it
Comfortable and safe camping needs good planning and preparation. The place and weather for
the camping must be suitable. Besides that, we have to respect the environment during the
camping such as keep the camping site clean and do not make any waste.
2) Camping results
We have to make sure that when having the camping, the activity can give us satisfaction, fun and
new challenges. Besides that, we can also feel the close contact to the beautiful nature. Having
camping makes us keeping more about time and study on how to appreciate it. As the true results,
the camping can lead us more spiritual in any forms and can get along with other people in our
social life.
3) Camping Spots
When arrived to camping site, we can fix our tents. After the tent is stand up, we can manage the
things such as cooking equipments and others. After all things is settled, we can take bath and
some rest before the dark appeared.
4) Choosing a Camping Spot
To have a nice camping, we have to choose nice camping spot. The camping spot must have all
the criteria that can lead us to do our activity. The criterias are the spot chosen must be flat and
wide, number of days involved, there is no protection from wind, number of participants that can
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fill the place, the availability of water or water hole, has an interesting view and environment,
exposed to sunlight to dry, damp or wet thing, has connection to the road, tracks or pathways for
emergencies or to get stock when run out of stocks.
5) Donts
We have to avoid all these things when choosing a camping spot or fixing a camp. The first is
avoiding the high grass because that can lead to danger of fire and crawling animals. Second is
avoiding the thick bushes cause it have many dangerous insects. Third is avoiding from too near
with the water sources to avoid the sudden floods when rains come heavily. Fourth is avoiding the
muddy area because it can dirty the camp and others equipments. Fifth is avoiding the high banks
or slopes because the slippery can lead us to danger. Sixth is avoiding from camping under the big
trees because the old branches that can break and fall to us.
6) Safety of Camping Area
There are many things that have to be considering in order ensuring that our camping is
comfortable and safe. We must choose the safest and the most suitable spot as recommended.
Besides that, when leaving the tent, we have to make sure that tent is closed always. Then we can
mark any spot that can lead us to danger such as slippery spot, holes, falling old branches and so
on. We must also take any things that can be our weapon to avoid crawling animals. In addition,
we have to avoid all of our equipments does not in messy and do not cooking in the tent.
7) Camping Ethics
The location of our camping activity could be near to public places or property owned by others.
Therefore, camping ethics hinder us from disturbing the peace.
Get prior permission from the concerned property owner for the camping activity.
Do not litter around or leave garbage behind.
Take caution when using fire
Do not dirty the area when fulfilling nature call by improper disposal.
Do not abuse private and public properties.
Respect the culture and the rights of the local residents. Avoid sensitive acts that can hurt
their feelings.
Do not destroy nature. Always be conservative.
Mr Rosli also had explained a little bit about physical fitness. In previous years, fitness was
commonly defined as the capacity to carry out the days activities without undue fatigue.
However, as automation increased leisure time, changes in lifestyles following the industrial
revolution rendered this definition insufficient. These days, physical fitness is considered a
measure of the bodys ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to
be healthy, to resist hyperkinetic diseases, and to meet emergency situations. Physical fitness is
generally achieved through exercise, correct nutrition and enough rest. It is important part of life
and it can maintain your ideal body weight as well. An ideal body weight can be achieved and
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maintained by doing a 45 minutes physical exercises 3 times a week, a controlled balanced diet
and adequate rest and recovery periods. - BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) The Body Mass Index is a
useful way of establishing whether your weight is within a healthy range. In order to calculate your
BMI, you need to know how tall you are and your weight. Please note: this BMI calculator is
designed for adults only. It cannot be used to calculate a childs BMI. The BMI score means the
following: BMI Underweight Below 18.5 Normal 18.5 24.9 Overweight 25.0 29.9 Obesity 30.0
and above Metric Formula BMI = [Weight in kilogrammes]/[Height in metres]2 Or English Formula
BMI = [Weight in pounds/2.2]/[Height in inches/39.36]2
For the presentation, there were 4 groups presented on 11.3.2104 which was the fourth class.
GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 11th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00pm-10.00pm
A camping can be for any length of time, though any camping trip can last for more than
one day. The duration of time depend on the places and the activity that are going to do
during the camping.
We should do some checklist before the camping so that all the equipment needed are
completed.
Moreover, we should plan earlier in order to prevent any accident from happening.
ITEMS WORN
Hat
Scarf
Gloves
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FOOTWEAR
SHOES TYPE:
OUTDOOR SHOES it is very comfort and can use for any type of outdoor activities
HIKING SHOES it usually have a grip sole and have the ability of mud release
Carrying Items
BACKPACK
WAIST PACK
HIKING POLE
TENT
SLEEPING BAG
HYPERGEAR (BAG WHICH IS RESISTANT TO WATER WHERE WE CAN PUT OUR ELECTRONIC
DEVICES)
BACKPACK
CRITERIA FOR A GOOD CAMPING BACKPACK :
COMFORTABLE
EASY TO PACK
DURABLE
LIGHT
LARGE VOLUME
TENT
3 BASIC CONFIGURATION OF TENT
SINGLE SKIN
DOUBLE SKIN
PART IN A TENT
FLYSHEET OR RAINFLY
INNER TENT
GROUND SHEET
POLES
STAKES
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AIR VENTS
BASIC DESIGN
MUMMY DESIGN
SLEEPING PAD
INFLATING TYPE :
1. SELF INFLATING
2. MANUALLY INFLATED
WATER. FOR REFRESHMENT WHEN HIKING. IF THERE IS WATER SOURCE AT THE MOUNTAIN,
IT IS OPTIONAL.
COOKING EQUIPMENT
WE SHOULD BRING RAW MATERIAL SUCH AS RICE, ONION AND SUGAR FOR COOKING
PURPOSE
OTHERS ARE TIN FOOD AND PRESERVED FOOD (TUNA, MAGGI, COFFEE POWDER)
SAFETY
FIRST AID
ROPE
LAMP
WHISTLE
TORCH LIGHT
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STERILE NEEDLES
GAUZE
ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENTS
SURGICAL BLADES
SCISSORS
SURGICAL TAPE
PLASTER
DISPOSABLE THERMOMETER
GAMAT OIL
LAMP
TYPE OF LAMP :
1. HEADLAMP
2. TORCHLIGHT
3. EMERGENCY LAMP (HANDPHONE)
4. HOLDING LAMP
OPTIONAL ITEMS
SEATING PADS
CAMERAS (POLAROID, GO PRO)
NOTEBOOKS
HAMMOCKS
BINOCULAR
ELECTRONIC DEVICES (POWER BANK)
CONCLUSION
TO MAKE SURE THAT WE BRING ENOUGH EQUIPMENT, DO THE CHECKLIST AND MAKE SURE
MOST OF THE ITEMS IS AVAILABLE.
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Advantages
O Polypropylene material.
O Impervious to water - Float
O Rescue situations.
Braided Rope
Advantages
O Nylon type of rope.
O Double braided rope.
O Has high flexibility.
O Has stronger strength due to force applied.
Basic need
Axe
Pocket knife
Hammer
Signal whistle
SHELTER AND AND BEDDING
Tent
The ideal tents for camping are those most suited for your needs and requirements as they
all vary in size and function.
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For hiking you need an ultra lightweight tent that fits into a backpack together with
everything else you need for the hike.
For a large family you will need a large camping tent or even two in order to build a camp.
For touring and sleeping over in a different site every night you should look at something
that you can pitch quickly.
Secure your tent in any environment or weather condition.For strength and rigidity
Sleeping bag
A sleeping bag is a protective "bag" for a person to sleep in, essentially a blanket that can be
closed with a zipper or similar means, and functions as a bed in situations where a bed is
unavailable.
In camping, a ground pad, sleeping pad, sleeping mat or roll mat is a simple device often
used in conjunction with a sleeping bag.
Tarp
A large sheet of strong, flexible, water resistant or waterproof material
CLOTHING
Sandal /slippers
o
Socks
o
Easy to step/move
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Waterproof jacket
o
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ii.
The participants seek to gather all items on the list take photographs of the items, as
specified.
iii.
The goal is usually to be the first to complete the list, although in a variation on the game
players can also be challenged to complete the tasks on the list in the most creative
manner.
to climb a tree higher than you can jump down safely, youre going to need a gear
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Play Music
Some people might found their hidden talents. Some people can show off their talents.
Storytelling
Night Walking
Prepare torchlight.
Bring medkit.
Wear shoes.
Can be brought from home or made by the resource that can be found at the campsite
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Important in order to make some appliances that can make the life at the campsite easier.
To ensure the safety of the camp when the knot is tied properly.
Go Fishing
Recreational and sport fishing are fishing primarily for pleasure or competition.
Boating is the leisurely activity of travelling by boat, or the recreational use of a boat.
Need : boat; powerboats, sailboats, or man-powered vessels (such as rowing and paddle
boats).
Take a Picture
Need : Camera
Usually people going outdoor to find beautiful places and taking picture.
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LECTURE 5
DATE: 18th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00 pm 10.00 pm
EQUIPMENT
Backpack
Reason
Backpack is the first equipment to be considered while planning an outdoor
recreation or adventure activity. It is to enable us to carry all sorts of tools and
requirement conveniently.
Forms and Type
Comes in different forms and types. Some have frames (inside or out), some
dont. Some can be used for a day use and some are for longer periods. Some
backpacks are created specifically for mountain climbing.
Material
Most backpacks are made of nylon because it is lighter. Some are made of
canvass, tarpaulin, etc. For mountain climbing purpose, backpacks are made of
more sophisticated material called Cordura (a type of nylon). Other types of
nylon are Taffeta and Ballistics.
One Day Backpack
This backpack is normally sling on the shoulder and has no frame.
Overnight Backpack
This backpack is for camping that requires overnight. It is suitable for outdoor
activities that last less than three days. It has a frame inside and is carried on the
back.
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Framed Backpack
This backpack is framed on the outside. The reason for this frame is to divide the
weight pressure equally between the shoulders and the waist, so that the weight
can be carried comfortably. It also functions to avoid the backpack from touching
the back of the carrier so that air flows freely. This backpack also allows you to
carry more weight than you are able to. It is for activities that last more than 10
days. Weight of more than 11 kg should be carried in this type of backpack. Note
that the maximum weight that can be carried by the normal ability of an
individual should not be more than 1/3 of his weight.
External Framed Backpack
Normally, this type of backpack is not suitable to be used for the mountain
climbing activity in Malaysia. Forest in Malaysia mainly consists of creep plants
and this will distract your journey to the top.
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Specifications
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Remember to avoid loading anything that may shift into the top part of your pack,
as this may cause you to lose your balance. You may want to use extra socks or
similar soft goods as filler to keep loose items from shifting.
Before setting out, try your pack on to make sure there are no items sticking in to
your back.
Please Take Note The Regulation Below:
1. All supplies must be loaded into the backpack. Avoid hanging things on the
backpack.
2. Things that need to be unloaded first must be on the uppermost of the
backpack or in the pockets of the backpack or in the pockets of the
backpack (like food/ water along the way, first aid kit, maps and so on).
3. Arrange the things properly to avoid any bulging or wasted space.
4. Balance the weight so that they are equal on both right and left sides.
5. To avoid things from getting wet, load them into a polythene bag before
loading into the backpack. Better if the things are wrapped separately
before loading into the main polythene bag.
6. Practice yourself by keeping the things in the same space and arrangement
of the backpack. This is so you can easily take your things without having
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to search for them and this certainly helps during the night or emergencies.
Tent
Your tent is an important piece of camping equipment, if not the MOST
IMPORTANT. The tent is your home away from home. Tents are protection made of
cloth, canvass or other material that is mobile. It gives protection against wind
and rain. Some tents protect from insects and crawling animals. Tents are offered
in cabins, triangle, domes and other geometric shapes. Choose a tent that meets
your outdoor recreation needs for protection, comfort, size, weight and features. If
you choose carefully, you will create a strong foundation for years of enjoyable
camping experiences.
Points To Consider When Selecting Tent
1. Protection Tents chosen must be able to protect from weather like rain,
heat, wind and so on. It should also protect from insects and crawling
animals.
2. Comfort The tent should make a comfortable sleeping area and has space
to store things.
3. Durability The tent must be light and durable. Can be used in any
environment and does note tear easily when used and is washable with
water and does not contain bleaching material.
4. Waterproof Make sure the tent you buy is waterproof, but it is not easy to
find a really waterproof tent. There are some in market come with
waterproof coating, non-cracking rubber and silicon treated.
5. Size Choose a tent with logical size or according to usage. If it is for two
persons, it is not practical to use a six pack tent. The minimal size suitable
to be used for camping is a tent for two people. This is so you have a
company when you camp. The biggest size suitable is that fits four people.
Bigger size than that will cause difficult handling in terms of
accommodation, storage of things, cleanliness, control on camping
members and comfort.
Type Of Tent
1. Bivouac/Simple
In French, it means forced camping which means it is simple. This type of
camping is done by the Armed Forces on duty in the forest. This tent is
suitable when there is no suitable area to put up a normal tent or when the
night weather is so good and beautiful that you want to enjoy gazing at the
stars and earth phenomenon in the silence of the night.
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2. Ridge
It is heavier, more expensive and consumes more time to fix. This tent is
only suitable for camping involving vehicles, whereby the camping area is
not far from the road. For camping where you need to walk and carry
weights to reach a camping area.
3. Frame
This tent consists of deference shaped, i.e. the Wall Tent and the A Shaped
Tent. This is widely used in Malaysia before the Doom or Igloo Tents are
introduced. Some type of tent is use air tube as a frame.
A Shape
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Dome
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F
Specifications
1. 2 pole free standing tent with dual top windows.
2. Perfect for stargazing.
3. 2 door designs let you out on either side even with the rain fly on.
4. Heavy duty zippers and clips.
5. 2 pockets for personal items.
6. 2 inside loops for hanging gear.
7. Full-coverage rainfly with UV resistant 75D diamond rip stop nylon.
8. 4000 PU waterproof coating with 2 new rubbertech non-cracking window.
9. Velcro tabs allow for quick access through the doors.
10.Hooded vents and heat taped seams keep you dry.
11.2100 Oxford nylon bucket style floor with 4000 PU waterproof coating. No
need for a foot print with this tent.
12.Ultra-light 9.5 mm air-craft quality aluminium poles for durability and
simple set up.
13.Fiberglass frame/poles for simple set up.
14.Freestanding, so tent can be moved to optimal position before staking it
down.
15.Double stitch and bar-tack design webbing for longer life and extra
durability.
16.High tenacity breathable ripstop nylon walls and ceiling.
17.Comes with a convenient 2 strap nylon ripstop carry bag.
Fixing Tent
It is important to know how to fix tents. The skill can be acquired by practice. It
can be learned from pictures or from an experienced friend. Do not bring a tent
that you have no idea how to fix. To fix a tent, you have to follow the following:
1. Fix a tent on a suitable chosen spot.
2. Make sure when fixing the tent, the entrance of the tent does not face the
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3.
4.
5.
6.
wind direction. This is to avoid the wind because it can be very cold,
especially in the mountains.
If fixing a tent on sand or soft land, where the pegs can easily fly off, fixed
some woods to the ground to hold the strings of the tent. Same will fly off if
exposed to strong wind.
Clean the camping spot from rubbish, stones, stubble and so on.
The pegs of the tent must be 90% with the ground when fixing them.
Distance between one tent to the other must not be too near that
movement is difficult and spreading is easy in case of fir. The best distance
is 3 meters apart.
Tent Cleanliness
Tent cleanliness must be observed at all times. Observe the following:
1. Never leave food opened from the can or container in the tent because this
will invite flies, ants and other insects into the tent. Put the food outside or
make shelves.
2. Clean the tent from any rubbish and dry whichever part that is wet or
damp. Make sure the sunlight can shine into the tent.
3. Do not leave wet or damp clothing in the tent. Avoid putting any wet
clothing on any part of the tent.
GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 18th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00 pm-10.00 pm
Not challenging
Eg : 1)reading
2)playing kite
Active activities
Activities require physical and mental strength
Example: 1) Capture the flag
2) Water skiing
Extreme sports
Combination activities from water, land and air
Example: 1) Whitewater kayaking
2) Kite surfing
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Gliding
pilots fly the gliders using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the
atmosphere to remain airborne
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Land Activities
Bungle Jumping
Tall structures are usually a fixed object, such as buildings, bridges or cranes.
Zip-Line
Also known as: zip wire, aerial runway, aerial rope slide, death slide, FLYING FOX,
or canopy tour
High Rope Course
Low elements take place on the ground or only a few feet above the ground.
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High elements are usually constructed in trees or made of utility poles and require
a belay for safety.
Air Activities
Cliding
Normal Gliding
a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots
fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes
Wing suit Gliding
Sport of flying the human body through the air using a special jumpsuit
called wing suit
Hang Gliding
air sport in which a pilot flies a light and non-motorized foot-launch aircraft
called a hang glider that is of a delta wing design
Wingsuit Gliding
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Hang Gliding
Normal Gliding
LECTURE 6
CLIMBING ROPES
Rope
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During hiking and climbing, we will force very high slopes and cross-rivers with strong current or
face emergencies. To those experienced, all that may not be a problem. For a leader leading a
group of inexperienced people, safety procedures are important. The techniques and equipment
used are not meant to train you to be a rock climber. It is to introduce the basic techniques as a
preparation to lead a group of inexperienced people. From the discussion and practice below, the
above topic can help you to identify and use the climbing rope.
Specific Rope
The use of the rope is for security to protect the user, either a mountain climber or a hill walker.
For mountain climbers, the rope is used, at least to help during the down climb.When we discuss
about monitoring the high slopes, the most important tool is the rope. There are many types of
ropes to be used and can be divided into the following:
1. Nylon/Polyamide or Perlon
2. Hawser Laid
3. Kermantle
Normally the size of the rope is ascertained by its diameter. A rope of diameter size 7 mm and
below is not recommended because of difficult handling. Make sure the rope used has been tested
as certified by Union International des Association d Alpinism (U.I.A.A.).
Nylon
Generally, is light and is not water absorbent but it has strechability and this rope has a low
melting point, ie. It can heat up quickly and break with resistance. This is certainly dangerous if
youre taking a group through high slopes.
Hawser Laid
Hawser laid is known as belati or manila. Generally, in Malaysia the market for this rope is
limited to the big diameter. This is difficult to carry in high slopes. This rope is also water
absorbent. Normally, it will become heavy when soaked in water and this makes your journey
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difficult. This rope is also rough and if you use Figure of Eight on this rope that has contacted
sand, a big resistance will occur which will destroy the Figure of Eight.
Kermantle
It is the breakthrough rope for climbers. In German, kern means external and mantle means
fibre stripe. Kermantle also has the abrasion resistance. Its also water-resistant. It is easy to carry.
The standard size for climbing purpose is between 45 m to 50 m with a diameter of 9 mm or 11
mm.
Dynamic Rope
The important characteristic of this rope is it has Energy Absorption Capacity which gives
stretchability against weight (it falls).
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Static Rope
Its low stretching coefficient, they are unable to absorb energy and therefore not suitable for
abseiling/rappelling activities.
SIZE
9 mm
11 mm
STRENGTH
1,452 kg
2,268 kg
KNOT
Bowline
Use the Bowline for tying to objects, animals or people when reliability is important. The bowline is
a good knot to tie to a person in a rescue situation (it would not strangle). Its the only safe knot to
use if you are tying a rope around the neck of a cow (or other stock animal). Note that a bowline
can slip slightly and it should always be finished off with thumb knot when it is tied to a person.
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Thumb Knot
The overhand knot is one of the most fundamental knots and forms the basis of many others
including the simple noose, overhand loop, anglers loop, fishermans knot and water knot. The
overhand knot is very secure, to the point of jamming badly. It should be used if the knot is
intended to be permanent. It is often used to prevent the end of a rope from unravelling.
Clove Hitch
Its a strong and easy to detach anchor knot that can be used at the end or in the middle point of
the rope.
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FOOD
Food selection must be based on the following criteria:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Time
Nutritious
Cost/Budget
Weight
Suitable
Food for camping must be fast and easy to prepare but this doesnt mean that food for camping
should not be emphasized on. Food for camping should be like the daily fresh food, nutritious,
easy to digest and contains sufficient vitamins and protein. This is essential because a lot more
energy is used compared to usual. Even though many thinks that you tend to eat less during
camping, it is actually the other way around that you need to consume more than usual.
Therefore, it is good to plan carefully before going out camping. One suitable way is to prepare an
eating schedule. With this schedule, you can decide the type of food for every meal. This will save
time and cost.
As mentioned above, whatever food you choose, it must be fast and easy to prepare. However,
the food must be good to eat and contain all the nutrition and vitamins needed. Wet food like
meat, fish and vegetables are nutritious but cannot last long if not refrigerated. An alternative is to
bring dry and fast foods. Even though they are dry and fast to prepare, the nutrition and vitamins
are maintained. Apart from being easy to prepare, food for camping must be easy to carry and can
last for certain periods.
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Currently, there is a lot of fast food like soup, noodle, rice, and porridge. Food like dried vegetables
and fruits are also available. Dishes like meat, fish, squid, prawns cooked in various recipes are
available and can be used for this type of activities. These foods are good for such activities
because it gives you convenience and variety. This means you can eat whatever you want. You
only need to consider the quantity and your ability to eat. You can also prepare at home meat and
fish serunding which are good to eat and easy to bring for camping and durable activities.
Food Planning
Here is an example of menu that you can take as a guideline in preparing food for your camping
trip. For example:
Lets say you are going for a 3-day camping trip during the weekend. You will go after breakfast
and expect to arrive at the camping spot in the evening. You must prepare an evening meal and
dinner at the camping spot and so on for the next days.
Menu (Ration)
Days
Day 1
Day 2
Breakfast
Lunch
Hi-Tea
Tea O
Rice
Chicken curry
Sardine
Potato
Lady finger
Coffee O
Tea O
Rice
Tea O
Tea O
Rice
Fried mihun
Meat curry
Biscuits
Salted fish
Cabbage
Day 3
Day 4
Dinner
Rice
Tea O
Tea O
Rice
Fried rice
Salted
Mix vege
fish
Coffee O
Tea O
Rice
Biscuits
Chicken curry
curry
Baked beans
Pucuk
Tea O
Coffee O
Tea O
Fried rice
Bread
Tea O
Butter
The example menu gives a true picture of preparing the required meals for your camping trip. By
preparing this type of menu, you can plan on the food amount to prepare for every meal. This
way, you know you eat sufficiently and no food requirement is neglected. With this planning, you
know what food is suitable for you. Now your planning is even more accurate. You dont have to
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worry about rice, tea, milk, bread, mee and so on. You must remember that too much food will
cause you much burden and wastage. While camping, cook just enough for you. Cooking extra is
not only wasting time but energy and money as well.
Food Distribution
When camping in a group, food distribution is important. Make sure every member or participant
has equal share. Every participant must bring complete food, not just one type. This will ensure
that you can still maintain a balance diet should something unexpected happen.
Methods of Wrapping
All types of food, dry or wet must be wrapped properly. Plastic containers can be used but ensure
they dont break or open easily. Another method is to wrap the food in plastic. Even though, it was
said that this is not recommended, it doesnt mean that it cannot be used at all. As you may know,
the plastic is versatile and if used the correct way, it will make your camping easy. In using plastic,
you can reduce the usage of tins and bottles. Make sure you dispose of the containers properly so
as not to pollute the environment. Choosing and wrapping method of food is important to maintain
comfort, cleanliness and safety.
Drinks
Drinks must be carried in light containers. If possible, do not use glass bottles. Glass is heavy and
easy to break. If youre carrying drinks that need to be mixed, use a plastic container. However,
now many drink mix is in powder form. This type is easy to carry, light and easy to prepare while it
taste good and contains the nutrition. Types of drinks depend on your choice but you need to
consider that whatever drink you need must be easy to carry, easy to prepare light and can last
long without any special equipment. Reduce usage of tin containers, bottles and bicarbonate
water.
GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 25th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.0PMpm 10.00pm
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Activity
Wide and flat
Number of participants
Water is available
Exposed to sunlight
Has connections to road, tracks or pathways
Camping
Camping
Camping
Camping
at river bank
at the beach
in the forest
in the cave
At river bank
At beach
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Cleaning:
- should be washed occasionally by hand in cold water with a mild soap
- rinsed free of the soap
- spread out or hung up to dry in the air
*NO Sun drying, sun light will harden and damage the rope.
Care:
- avoid contact with chemicals, acids, alkalis, bleach or other sources of fire ignition e.g., smokers.
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Use
according
to
its
use
climbing
rope
should
not
be
use
to
tow
car.
LECTURE 7
DATE : 4th April 2014
VENUE : Lecture Room 7
TIME : 8.00 pm 10.00 pm
Personal
- String
For individual use, 4-5 meters long.
The good type is nylon. Usually this string used for hanging clothes and
-
Group
- Night Light
Group tool.
Used for discussions, cooking, etc.
The Hurricane Gasoline type is suitable.
Gasoline lights can be used too (more expensive).
- Shovel
A group tool for digging holes.
Is tied to the backpack vertically and the sharp edge is wrapped. The
-
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Cooking Utensils
Stoves
- Gas Stove
Suitable for camping by motor vehicles as the gas container is heavy
Not suitable for lightweight camping
- Gasoline Stove
Light, cheaper but require skill and caution when using it
Strong fire, cook food quickly but difficult to handle
- Stove Used by the Army
Require lighting material called solid fuel
Suitable to cook on mess tins
- Firewood Stove
- Fire
Important for cooking, heating body, light fire from wood, make stove
from wood
Cooking or eating container
- For group of 4 people, 2.5 liter container required
- Mess tins one mess tin can cook for 2 or 3 people
- Plate, bowls made up of plastic and do not bring any glass container
Water container
- Aluminum, plastic container or bottle set is suitable (no glass container)
- Reason for the water bottle is for drinks along the way.
GROUP PRESENTATION
Limbo skating
-A sport in which a person drives on roller skates underneath an obstacle like
a horizontal pole without touching it
Slacklining
-A practice in balance that typically
uses nylon or polyester webbing tensioned between twoanchor points.
Zorbing ball
-The recreation or sport of rolling downhill inside an orb, generally made of
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transparent plastic
Parkour free running
-The art of expressing oneself in his or her environment without limitation of
movement
Forward planning
Water source
The level of campsite
Safety rules for choosing camping spot
Outcomes
During the course, the most important thing that has been taught is leadership.
Leadership is an important parameter that all students need in order to success in
life. Leadership is one of the components in soft skills that should be enhanced to
each student. Beside, teamwork also is an important outcome from this course. A
lot of activities that need this skills to ensure that the activities run smoothly. Good
communication skills also can be learnt by practising teamwork spirit in any
particular activity.
Furthermore, there are several outcomes can be obtained also in this course which
are learning process, creative thinking, critical thinking, social relation, physical
coordination, balance, freedom, happiness, honesty as well as satisfaction. With all
outcomes mentioned above, it means that this course manages to build a students
that have various soft skills in order to success in their life.
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Conclusion
As a conclusion, this course give a lot of beneficial things to students in order for
them to practise it in their life. This course manages to produce a well-rounded
student.
We too are entitled to participate the outdoor recreation course level 2. As a holder
to level 1 in outdoor recreation, we are entitled to participate in any activities that
require our knowledge on the basic of outdoor recreation.
Actually, I am very satisfied with this course because it is include all sort of learning
technique which are the theory, presentation, technical and also the
documentation. For the activities during the camping, it were very good and
suitable for university student to apply all the knowledge not only for the sake of
the course but in life also. In normal academic class situation, I need to memorize
all the complex formula, doing experiment in lab and just doing all the passive
activities. But in this course, I can fell enjoy doing outdoor and some extreme
activities that can make them fell calm and not stress. From this activities, I can
obtain a lot of beneficial knowledge that may good to me.
Lastly, I hope that university management will continue this course because this
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