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Summary
1- Generalities
2- Application domain
3- Necessary technical informations
4- Filter selection
5- Harena 2 simulation software
6- Reminder of rules recommended by Rectiphase
7- Recommended levels of performances
8- Sizing criteria
9- Example
10- Further information
1- Generalities
As part of the Harena 2 project, a simplified process has been developped for the design of an
harmonic filter.
This process can be considered for study cases meeting some conditions.
It is possible to propose rapidly a solution, with the only reading of the characteristics of the
installation.
No on-site measurement is necessary.
The Harena 2 simulation software is used during this process in order to validate the design.
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2- Application domain
2-1 Customers motivation:
The simplified process can be undertaken if the customers request is motivated by:
a preventive action, before connection of harmonic generating equipments, likely to disturb the
installation
the compliance of the installation with standards or recommandations
If the customers request is the consequence of a misoperation, prior on-site measurements are
recommended.
2-2 Installation characteristics:
In order to be able to use the tools of the simplified process, the installation must meet some criteria:
standard values of supply voltages (208, 240, 400V, ...)
simple configuration
harmonic currents and kvar within given limits
typical non-linear loads
The studied installation can be represented the following way:
- a 3-phase balanced power source, supplying balanced loads, all being represented by a single
phase equivalent circuit
- a coupling point to the distribution network, defined by its short-circuit power
- a MV/LV transformer
- a linear load generating no harmonic currents
- an harmonic current generator
On this basic circuit, the designer can study the effect of power factor correction and filtering devices:
- capacitor bank
- detuned bank
- passive filters of order 5, 7 or 11
- active compensator
These devices can be selected separately or by combination. So it is possible to analyse the effect of
any type of filter: passive, active or hybrid.
See on the following figure: single phase equivalent circuit.
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4- Filter selection
Depending on the installation characteristics and the objective of performances, the designer selects a
type of filter distinguished by:
the order of the harmonic to be eliminated
the requested reactive power
the amplitude of the harmonic currents to be eliminated
4-1 Order of the harmonic to be eliminated
The selection of the number of harmonic orders to be filtered depends on the performances in view:
the higher is the number of filtered harmonics, the better are the performances
active or hybrid configurations are able to reduce all the harmonic orders from 3 to 25
4-2 Requested reactive power
The reactive power of filters is generally limited to 20% of the transformer apparent power.
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5th
1
0,7
0,6
7th
11th
0,3
0,2
0,2
Gh>Scc/30
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These limits must be compared to the simulation results obtained with no pre-existing harmonic voltages.
Only the harmonic currents generated by the installation itself are considered.
Voltage limits:
If a curative action is undertaken, the proposed rules consist in respecting voltage distortion limits.
The measured or calculated distortion must never exceed the levels given in IEC 61000-2-2.
Order h
3
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
Uh %
5
6
5
3,5
3
2
1,5
1,5
1,2
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Uh %
3
4
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
1
1
8- Sizing criteria
Objective:
The objective of these criteria is to provide simple rules in order to determine whether the components of
power factor correction and filtering are not subject to unacceptable stress.
Limits:
Imax/I1
1,3
1,45
1,1
1,2
1,3
For pre-determined filters, the maximum values for the harmonic current and the total rms
current are given explicitely by the Harena 2 software.
In case the maximum permissible values are exceeded, a particular study is necessary.
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9- Example
Transformer:
nominal power:
short-circuit voltage:
Sn = 1MVA
Ucc = 6%
Subscribed power:
Subscribed current:
Psc = 1MVA
Isc = 1440A
Igh (%)
30
16
9
6
4
2,5
1,5
1
36
Ih (%)
21
11
6
4
3
2
1
1
25
Vh (%)
7
5
4,5
3,5
3
2
1,5
1
11
Considering a new installation, the harmonic currents are exceeding the limits recommended by EDF.
The connection of all the harmonic generators is not possible, unless mitigation measures are
undertaken.
Considering an existing installation, the measurement or the calculation of the voltage distortion show
that the compatibility levels are exceeded, and that there is a significant risk of misoperation. Harmonic
mitigation is necessary.
Possible solution:
Hybrid filter including a passive filter, rfrence A07 (163kvar, 368A) and a 90A active compensator.
Results:
Order
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
THD (%)
Ih (%)
3,7
4,2
2,6
1,8
1,2
0,7
0,4
0,3
6
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Vh (%)
1,4
2,4
2,2
1,5
1,4
1
0,7
0,5
4,3
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4
2
0
Vh 3
Vh 5
Vh 7
Vh 11 Vh 13 Vh 17 Vh 19 Vh 23 Vh 25
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Main chracteristics
Limitations
Passive filter
Active
compensator
Hybrid filter
(passive filter +
active
compensator)
Hybrid filter
(detuned bank +
active
compensator)
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Probabilistic analysis
Tarification signals at
175/188Hz
Fundamental frequency
analysis
Time representation
Calculation of all harmonic
orders
Other models of filters
Parameter scanning
Software
Superharm
Harmonie
Selena
Harmonique 5.1
Harmonics
Harmonie
Superharm
Selena
Harmonique 5.1
Harmonique 5.1
Harmonics
Harmonie
Superharm
Harmonie
Harmonique 5.1
Origin
Electrotek
Rectiphase
SER =S=
EDF
CEAT
Rectiphase
Electrotek
SER =S=
EDF
EDF
CEAT
Rectiphase
Electrotek
Rectiphase
EDF
Superharm
Harmonie
Superharm
Harmonics
Harmonique 5.1
Harmonics
Harmonie
Superharm
Harmonique 5.1
Harmonie
Superharm
Harmonie
Electrotek
Rectiphase
Electrotek
CEAT
EDF
CEAT
Rectiphase
Electrotek
EDF
Rectiphase
Electrotek
Rectiphase
Recommanded software
In addition to the Harena 2 software, the Harmonique 5.1 (EDF) software is recommanded.
Indeed, most of the applications not treated by Harena 2 can be treated by Harmonique 5.1.
French and English versions exist and EDF is responsible for the evolutions and maintenance.
The Selena software (Schneider ELEctrical Network Analysis) now under development is designed to be
the common and universal tool for network analysis inside Schneider.
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Annex
Spectrum of typical loads
Rectangular current (theoretical)
Waveshape and spectrum of harmonic currents:
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Rectangular
wave
20
14
9
7,7
5,9
5,3
4,3
4
30
DC drive
UPS
25
6
8
4
5
3
3
2
28
AC drive
40
15
7
4
3
2
2
1
44
Average
spectrum
30
16
9
6
4
2,5
1,5
1
36
Calculation example
- Type of non-linear load:
DC drive
- Supply voltage U:
400V
- Apparent power S:
300kVA
=> Results:
rms current:
I rms =
Fundamental current:
S
3U
I1 =
300.10 3
3.400
= 433A
I rms
1 + THD
Order
1
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
433
1 + (0,28) 2
%
100
25
6
8
4
5
3
3
2
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= 416 A
A
416
104
25
33
17
21
12
12
8
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