LEARNER GUIDE

Operate brush-cutters in commercial forestry

(123243)
NQF Level: 2
5 Credits

Learner Guide
Before you get started
Dear Learner,
This Learner Guide contains all the information to acquire all the knowledge and skills
leading to the unit standard:

Title: Operate brush-cutters in commercial forestry

US No: 123243

NQF Level: 2

Credits: 5

The full unit standard is attached. Please read the unit standard at your own time. Whilst
reading the unit standard, make a note of your questions and aspects that you do not
understand, and discuss it with your facilitator.
This Learner Guide contains all the information, as well as the activities that you will be
expected to do during the course of your study.
Please keep the activities that you have completed and include it in your Portfolio of
Evidence.
Your PoE will be required during your final assessment.

Contents
Before you get started.......................................................................................................1
The Learning Experience...............................................................................................3
What is Assessment all about?............................................................................................4
Module 1.................................................................................................................................5
1.

Prepare to operate the brushcutter..............................................................................5

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SO 1....................................................................................19

Module 2...............................................................................................................................21
2.

Demonstrate operating techniques and methods of brush cutting........................21

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SO 2....................................................................................32

Module 3...............................................................................................................................34
3.

Maintain equipment......................................................................................................34

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SO 3....................................................................................39

UNIT STANDARD..................................................................................................................41

The Learning Experience

The Purpose: This unit standard is intended for brush cutter operators.
People credited with this unit standard are able to:
1. Prepare to operate the brush cutter.
2. Demonstrate operating techniques and methods of brush cutting.
3. Maintain equipment.

What is Assessment all about?

Assessment takes place at different intervals of the learning process and includes various
activities. Some activities will be done before the commencement (Baseline) of the
program whilst others will be done during programme (Formative) delivery and other after
completion (Summative) of the program.

You will be assessed during the course of your study. This is called formative
assessment.

You will also be assessed on completion of this unit standard. This is called
summative assessment.

Before your assessment, your assessor will discuss the unit standard with you. The
assessment experience should be user friendly, transparent and fair. Should you feel that
you have been treated unfairly, you have the right to appeal. Please ask your Assessor
about the appeals process and make your own notes.
Your activities must be handed in from time to time on request of the facilitator and the
assessor. Sources of information to complete these activities should be identified by your
facilitator.
Pleas
e
Note

Please note that all completed activities, tasks and other items
on which you were assessed must be kept in good order as it
becomes part of your Portfolio of Evidence for final
assessment.
Enjoy this learning experience.

Module 1
1. Prepare to operate the brushcutter.
SO 1: Prepare to operate the brushcutter.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this module, the learner would be able to:
1. Identify main components of the brushcutter and explain their purpose.
2. Carryout pre-start checks and start up procedure out according to manufacturer's
recommendations.
3. Select blades for correct application according to manufacturer's operating manual.
4. Use correct tools and refueling equipment before and during operations to ensure
sound maintenance and safe refueling.
5. Adjust harness to ensure comfortable operating.
6. Explain hazards and their influences and mimimise their effect.
7. Use personal protective equipment according to company policy and/or legal
requirements.
8. Identify escape routes to ensure a safe escape in case of emergency.

1.1. Main components of the brushcutter are identified and their

purpose is explained.

Although components will differ from manufacturer to manufactuer, there are

common components of brushcutters. These are as follows :
1. Bike handle - To hold the brushcutter with both hands.
2. Throttle trigger - Controls the speed of the engine.
3. Slide control - Starting throttle lock and stop switch. Keeps the throttle
partially open during starting and switches the engines ignition off and
stops the engine.
4. Throttle trigger interlock - Must be depressed before the throttle trigger
can be activated.
5. Throttle cable retainer - Fixes the throttle cable on the drive shaft.
6. Carrying ring - The device to connect the brushcutter to the harness.
7. Air filter cover - Covers the air filter element.
8. Machine support - For resting machine on the ground.
9. Handle support - Connects the drive shaft to the handle bars.
10. Starter grip - The grip of the pull starter, which is the device to start the
engine.
11. Carburetor adjusting screws - For tuning carburetor
12. Fuel filler cap - For closing the fuel tank.
13. Muffler(with spark arresting screen) - Reduces engine exhaust noise and
directs the exhaust gases. The spark arresting screen is designed to
reduce the risk of fire.
14. Deflector with skirt - The deflector is designed to reduce the risk of injury
from foreign objects flung backwards toward the operator by the cutting
tool and from contact with the cutting tool. Is not designed to contain
fragmendet metal blades.
15. Skirt - The skirt at the bottom of the deflector must be adjusted as
described in the chapters on mounting the various cutting tools.
16. Blade - Metal blade at the deflector in order to keep the line of the cutting
head at the proper length.
17. Mowing head - The cutting attachment, i. e. mowing head, for different
purposes (special accessory).
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18. Deflector - The deflector is designed to reduce the risk of injury from
foreign objects flung backwards toward the operator by the cutting tool and
from contact with the cutting tool.
19. Metal cutting tool - The cutting attachment, i. e. blade, made from metal
for different purposes (special accessory).

1.2. Pre-start checks and start-up procedure are carried out

according to manufacturer's recommendations.
To optimise the life and reliability of your brushcutter or trimmer, it's important to
service it regularly. Here are a few points that will help you look after your
brushcutter.
Daily routines

Clean the outside of the machine.

Make sure the harness is not damaged.

Make sure the throttle trigger lock and the throttle function correctly from a
safety point of view.

Check that the stop switch functions.

Check that the cutting head does not rotate while idling.

Clean the air filter. Replace if necessary.

Check that the guard is undamaged and not cracked. Replace the guard if
it has been exposed to impact or is cracked.

Check that the blade is well cantered, sharp and not cracked. An
uncentred blade causes vibrations that can result in damage to the
machine.

Check that the trimmer head is undamaged and not cracked. Replace the
trimmer head if necessary.

Check that the locking nut is tight.

Check that the blade's transport guard is intact and that it can be secured
correctly.
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Check that all nuts and screws are tightened.

Weekly routines

Check the starter, the starter cord and the return spring.

Make sure that the vibration-damping elements are not damaged.

Clean the outside of the spark plug. Remove and check the electrode gap.
Adjust the gap to 0.5 mm (0.020") or change the spark plug.

Clean the cooling fins on the flywheel.

Clean or replace the exhaust's spark arrest screen (not on exhausts with a
catalytic converter).

Clean the carburettor area.

Clean the cooling fins on the cylinder and check that the air intake in the
starter unit is not blocked.

Check that the angle gear is 3/4 filled with grease. Fill if necessary using
special grease.

Monthly routines

Clean the fuel tank.

Clean the carburettor and the area surrounding it.

Clean the fan and the area around it.

Check the fuel filter and the fuel pipe, replace if necessary.

Check all cables and connections.

Check the clutch, clutch springs and the clutch drum with regard to wear.
Replace if necessary.

1.3. Blades are selected for correct application according to

manufacturer's operating manual.
A variety of blades are available for bushcutters. Always use a debris shield
designed for use with a blade when attaching a blade to your trimmer. The blade
type debris shield does not have a cut-off knife.

Grass/Weed Blades

Grass/weed blades, which may be plastic or metal, are used as an alternative to

nylon monofilament line for cutting grass and ordinary weeds. However, blades
should never be used for edging against solid surfaces.
Weed/Brush Blades

These metal blades have chisel-shaped teeth that are used for cutting through
field grass, thick weeds, and light brush. They are not designed for sawing woody
material. The teeth must be sharp for good results.
Brush/Wood Blades

These metal saw-tooth blades are used for sawing through saplings, shrubs and
woody brush. The teeth must be sharp for good results. Brush/wood blades will
also cut grass and weeds, but they are not efficient for that purpose.

1.4. Correct tools and refuelling equipment are used before and
during operations to ensure sound maintenance and safe
refuelling.
Petrol is very flammable. Avoid smoking or fuelling the brushcutter anywhere
near a flame or sparks. Allow the engine to cool before re-fuelling. Fuel the
engine at least 3m away from your work area.

Use a ratio of 25:1 unleaded petrol to 2-stroke mineral oil. For synthetic or
semi-synthetic, use the oil manufacturer's ratio. Mix in the mixing bottle.

Unscrew the fuel cap, and fuel the machine to 80% capacity. Fasten the
fuel cap tightly and wipe up any spillage.

Ensure that any stored petrol/oil mixture (2-stroke) is clearly marked in a

separate can and only stored for 4-6 weeks. If the brushcutter is not going
to be used for a long period, drain the mixture from the fuel tank, start the
engine and drain the carburettor of any remaining fuel.

Dispose of any unwanted 2-stroke mixture at an authorised recycling

point.

1.5. Harness is adjusted to ensure comfortable operating.

The harness keeps the trimmer away from your body, lowering your chances of
being cut by the trimmers blade or cutting line. A full shoulder harness must be
worn by the operator of these Honda trimmers/brush cutters when equipped with
a blade and debris shield. If the trimmer is equipped with a cutting-line head and
shield with cut-off knife, the operator may wear a single-strap harness. Before
operation, adjust your shoulder harness.
Are your shoulder harness and trimmer correctly adjusted?
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Adjusting the Harness

Adjust the harness so the quick-release latch is at your right hip, as shown
below:

Quick release
latch

Full shoulder harness

Quick release latch

Single strap harness

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Balancing the Trimmer on the Shoulder Harness

Hang the trimmer on the harness hook, and see how it balances. Adjust the
shoulder harness, the harness hanger-on the frame pipe, and the loop handle or
U-type handlebar, so the handle or handlebars are in a comfortable operating
position, and the trimmer hangs with its cutting attachment a few inches above
the ground.

A few inches
above the
ground

1.6. Hazards and their influences are explained and their effect
minimized.
The nature of forestry work is characterised by manual operations which include
logging, de-branching, crosscutting and debarking. Mechanical operations include
mechanical logging with tree harvesters, forwarding and removing stumps. Forest
workers who fall trees with chainsaws are perhaps exposed to the greatest risks in
the industry. High-risk operations include bringing down hung-ups, taking care of
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wind throw, and cleaning up after forest fires. Tree planters are also at risk from
carrying heavy loads of seedlings and planting in awkward positions. Pesticides
and fungicides used on seedlings are also a hazard.
The occupational health and safety issues often associated with forestry activities
primarily include:

Physical hazards
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Climate

Motor manual work

Noise

Vibration

Chemical hazards

Biological hazards

Machine safety

Physical hazards
Climate - Working outdoors, subject to climatic conditions, is both positive and
negative for forest workers. Fresh air and nice weather are good, but
unfavourable conditions can create problems.

Working in a hot climate puts pressure on the forest worker engaged in

heavy work. Among other things, the heart rate increases to keep the body
temperature down. Sweating means loss of body fluids.

In a cold climate the muscles function poorly. The risk of musculoskeletal

injuries (MSI) and accidents increases. In addition, energy expenditure
increases substantially, since it takes a lot of energy just to keep warm.
Rainy conditions, especially in combination with cold, mean higher risk of
accidents, since tools are more difficult to grasp. They also mean that the
body is even more chilled.

In hot climates only light clothing is required. It is then rather a problem to

use sufficient protective clothing and footwear to protect him or her against
thorns, whipping branches and irritating plants.
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Motor-manual forest work, noise and vibration

The motor-manual forestry worker is one who works with hand-held

machines such as chain-saws or power brush cutters and is exposed to the
same climatic conditions as the manual worker.

Noise

It is a problem when working with a chain-saw, brush saw or similar

machines The noise level of most chain-saws used in regular forest work
exceeds 100 db. The operator is exposed to this noise level for 2 to 5 hours
daily. It is difficult to reduce the noise levels of these machines without
making them too heavy and awkward to work with
-

Employees exposed to noise at or above 85dBA without hearing

protection devices may suffer from noise-induced hearing loss.

Hand-arm vibration

This is another problem with chain-saws. White finger disease has been a
major problem for some forest workers operating chain-saws.

Whole-body vibration

Whole-body vibration in forest machines can be induced by the terrain over

which the machine travels

The movement of the crane and other moving parts of the machine, and
the vibrations from the power transmission

A specific problem is the shock to the operator when the machine comes
down from an obstacle such as a rock.

Operators of vehicles, such as skidders and forwarders, often have

problems with lower-back pain
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The vibrations also increase the risk of repetitive strain injuries (RSI) to the
neck, shoulder, arm or hand.

The vibrations increase strongly with the speed at which the operator drives
the machine.

Chemical hazards
Fuel and Oils for Portable Machines

Portable forestry machines such as chain-saws, brush saws and mobile

machines are sources of exhaust emissions of fuel in logging operations

The portable machines used in forestry are powered by two-stroke engines,

where lubricating oil is mixed with fuel. The exposure to fuel and lubrication
and chain oil may occur during mixing fuel and filling as well as during
logging.

Fuels are also a fire hazard, and therefore require careful storage and
handling .

Oil aerosols may create health hazards such as irritation of the upper
respiratory tract and eyes, as well as skin problems.

During maintenance and repair operations, the hands of machine operators

are exposed to lubricants, hydraulic oils and fuel oils, which may cause
contact-dermatitis.

Pesticides, herbicides, fertilisers and colourants

Pesticides are used in forests and forest nurseries to control fungi, insects
and rodents. In forests herbicides are used to control hardwood brush,
weeds and grass in young softwood sapling stands. Phenoxy herbicides,
glyphosate or triazines are used for this purpose.

Occasionally insecticides, mainly organophosphorus compounds,

organochlorine compounds or synthetic pyredroids may also be used. In
forest nurseries, dithiocarbamates are used regularly to protect softwood
seedlings against fungus of pines .

The risk of exposure is similar to that in other pesticide applications. The

symptoms caused by excessive exposure to pesticides vary greatly
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depending on the compound used for application, but most often

occupational exposure to pesticides will cause skin disorders.

Other chemicals commonly used in forestry work are fertilisers and

colourants used for timber marking. Timber marking is done either with a
marking hammer or a spray bottle. The colourants contain glycol ethers,
alcohols and other organic solvents, but the exposure level during the work
is probably low. The fertilisers used in forestry have a low toxicity, and the
use of them is seldom a problem in respect of occupational hygiene.

Biological hazards among forestry workers

People active outdoors, especially in agriculture and forestry, are exposed to
health hazards from animals, plants, bacteria, viruses and so on to a greater
degree than the rest of the population.
Plants and wood
Most common are allergic reactions to plants and wood products (wood, bark
components, sawdust), especially pollen. Injuries can result from processing (e.g.,
from thorns, spines, bark) and from secondary infections, which cannot always be
excluded and can lead to further complications.
Poisonous snakes
Poisonous snakebites are always medical emergencies. They require correct
diagnosis and immediate treatment. Identifying the snake is of decisive
importance.
Bees, wasps, hornets and ants
Insect poisons have very different effects, depending on the locale. Removing the
stinger from the skin (and being careful not to introduce more poison during
handling) and local cooling are recommended first-aid measures. The most-feared
complication is a life-threatening general allergic reaction, which can be provoked
by an insect sting.
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1.7. Personal protective equipment is used according to company

policy and/or legal requirements.
The Occupational Health and Safety legislation outlines basic principles, such as:

The employer is primarily responsible for the health and safety of

employees and must take the necessary protective measures

All employees must be involved in health and safety issues

Employees, are also obliged to support the employers efforts in ensuring

a safe and healthy environment

The Occupational Health and Safety legislation is enforced by the

Department of Labour Inspectorate.

Your clothing should be comfortable for the temperature conditions in which you
are working. You must wear approved:

safety helmet when brushcutting the bush;

ear muffs or ear plugs to minimise the risk of permanent hearing damage;

eye and face protection (goggles or a visor) to protect against flying

objects or sawdust;

leg protection;

steel capped safety boots with a non-slip tread or metal spikes; and
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safety gloves or mittens to keep your hands warm and dry to prevent
vibration white finger.

Make sure that a first aid kit is available and that you have a working knowledge
of first aid procedures. If possible, work within hailing distance of another person
in case first aid is needed.

1.8. Escape routes are identified to ensure a safe escape in case of

emergency.
An escape route is a continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any
point within a workplace to a place of safety. An exit route consists of three parts:

Exit access portion of an exit route that leads to an exit.

Exit portion of an exit route that is generally separated from other areas
to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge.

Exit discharge part of the exit route that leads directly outside or to a
street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space with access to the
outside.

Emergencies in commercial forestry may include fires, flooding, unplanned treefalls. Escape routes must lead away from danger areas so that employees are
safe incase of emergency. Emergency drills must be carried out regulary and
route maps must be displayed with all employees knowledgeable on these

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SO 1

Individually, briefly explain how you would prepare to operate the brushcutter.
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SELF ASSESSMENT
Concept (SO 1)

I understand this
assessment criteria

Questions that I still would

like to ask

1.
2.
3.
4.

My Notes

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Module 2
2. Demonstrate operating techniques and
methods of brush cutting.
SO 2: Demonstrate operating techniques and methods of brush cutting.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this module, the learner would be able to:
1. Adhere to safe working procedures and practices to according to company policy
and legal requirements.
2. Demonstrate techniques for brush cutting.
3. Demonstrate methods of brush cutting to ensure effective operation.
4. Use correct brush cutting method in applicable situation.

2.1. Safe working procedures and practices are adhered to according

to company policy and legal requirements.
Before starting work:

plan sufficient rest breaks for recovery from fatigue and to prevent the
development of vibration white finger;

make sure that other people or animals are kept at least 10 metres from
the brushcutter;

clear the area in which you will be working of stones, sticks, wire or other
objects; and

ensure that you can finish the job in good daylight.

Using the brushcutter

Dont let our attention slip while youre using the brushcutter. Make sure you keep
a firm grip on the machine with both hands and keep the blade or cutting cord
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away from your body.

Ensure that your footing is solid, and that your posture is well balanced at all
times. Dont cut above shoulder level.
It is dangerous to force the brushcutter at excessive speeds,so dont cut at a
pace that the bushcutter cant handle.
Difficult and overgrown terrain, or slippery wet conditions can pose an extra
hazard. Take special care in these situations. Watch out for tree stumps, roots
and ditches that might trip you. And beware of stones and other objects
that may be thrown up.
Dont use the electric trimmers in the rain or in damp conditions as there is a
danger of electric shock.
Do warm up exercises before starting work, and take regular rest breaks.
Exposure to constant vibration, particularly during cold weather, may cause
numbness or vibration white finger (Raynards phenomenon). If your fingers start
to tingle or feel numb, see a doctor.
Exposure to the high noise levels emitted by brushcutters can cause permanent
hearing damage. Wear suitable hearing protection that fits you properly.
Preventing fires

Dont smoke in work areas.

Turn off your engine and let your brushcutter cool before refuelling.

Refuel in a clear area and take care not to spill fuel.

Move at least 3 metres away from the fuelling area before restarting your
brushcutter.
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Dont use a brushcutter that is backfiring, missing or damaged. Have it

repaired immediately.

Dont leave the brushcutter idling when not in use.

Store fuel in a cool place and in a suitable container.

Keep an approved fire extinguisher handy, as well as a rake or shovel and

a piece of canvas to smother a small flame.

Training
Operators of brushcutters should be trained in:

safe working techniques;

operating conditions in all areas including abnormal or hazardous

conditions;

basic information on the particular brushcutter, its controls, attachments

and components, design, capacity, stability and limitations;

correct stopping and starting techniques;

cleaning and servicing

correct adjustment of the harness and handles;

selection, maintenance and correct use of protective clothing and

equipment; and

first aid.

2.2. Techniques for brush cutting are demonstrated.

Operating Position
Hold the trimmer firmly with both hands, with your fingers and thumbs encircling
the handles as shown. This will help you to keep the trimmer under control at all
times.

Keep firm footing and balance.

Do not overreach.

Keep the cutting attachment below waist level.

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Keep all parts of your body away from the rotating cutting attachment and
hot surfaces.

2.3. Methods of brush cutting are demonstrated to ensure effective

operation.
Blade Thrust (Kickback)
Blade thrust (kickback) throws the trimmer in the direction opposite blade
rotation at the point of contact, and the jolt received by the operator can result in
further loss of control.
To reduce the risk of loss of control, use metal blades on trimmers equipped with
a U-type handlebar, or install the barrier bar (optional part) on trimmers equipped
with a loop handle.
Replace or resharpen dull blades. Dull blades are more likely to bind in the cut
and cause blade thrust. Watch out for hidden obstacles, such as rocks, stumps,
roots, etc., that could cause the blade to kick back if struck. Blade thrust is more
likely to occur in areas where it is difficult to see what is being cut.
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Understand the reaction forces of the blade. When using a brush blade to saw
through heavy brush and small saplings, saw with the side of the brush blade
that is moving toward you and tends to pull the trimmer away from you.
Most trimmers blades rotate counter clockwise, as viewed from the operators
position. Therefore, the left side of the blade is moving toward you. With these
trimmers, sawing with the left side of a brush blade will give you better control
and less risk of kickback, though it will throw the sawdust toward you.
Cut from the side of saplings that will cause them to fall away from the trimmer.
This will help prevent the blade from binding in the cut and kicking back.
Accelerate the engine to maximum speed before starting the cut, and saw
through with uniform pressure.

Blade thrust

Scything
Swing the trimmer in a level arc by rotating your body with a smooth, easy
motion, rather than moving the trimmer with your arms. Do not chop at tough
weeds and brush; let the cutting line or blade work through tough growths
gradually.

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To direct thrown debris away from you, tilt the cutting attachment to the right side,
scythe from left to right, then return without cutting.

Trimming and Edging

Use nylon line for cutting against a hard surface. Work from an angle where
debris that strikes the hard surface will ricochet away from you. Avoid contact with
wires, wire fences, metal rods, etc. Overlapping a wire will cause the nylon line to
wrap around the wire and break off.

Brush Clearing
Clearing brush with a brush blade may require both scything and sawing.
Scything with the right side of the blade will direct thrown debris away from you.

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Be especially careful to direct debris away from you if re-cutting an area to

shorten stumps. Short lengths of shrub and sapling stumps may tear off and be
thrown at high speed.
Sawing heavy brush and saplings with the left side of the blade will reduce the
risk of kickback.
Accelerate the engine to maximum speed before starting the cut, and saw
through with uniform pressure.
If shrubs or saplings bind the blade, stop the engine, and while supporting the
weight of the trimmer, push the shrub or sapling away to free the blade. Do not
use the blade as a lever.

Operation on Slopes
Start on the low side of a slope, and work upward. This will reduce your risk of
slipping and falling, and it will give you a cutting angle that will better enable you
to direct debris away from you.
Do not let the cutting line or blade dig into the slope, because that can cause
stones and dirt to be thrown at you.

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Do not raise the cutting attachment above waist level during operation, because
that would increase the risk of thrown objects striking your face.
Avoid steep slopes that would require holding the cutting attachment above waist
level. Avoid slippery slopes that might cause you to lose your balance.

2.4. Correct brush cutting method is used in applicable situation.

With the right mowing technique you can achieve amazing results with your
brushcutter. Even if this is the first time you have picked up a brushcutter you will
soon get the hang of correct mowing techniques. Simply swing the machine from
right to left in a semicircle as you gradually move forward.
Here we show you the basic technique and some ways of mowing even large
areas speedily and achieving good results from your work.
Basic technique

Because the cutting attachment rotates anti-clockwise, a right-to-left cutting action

is commonest when mowing. The advantage of this method is that the cuttings
drop on to the cut area.
Basic technique for long grass

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When working in very long grass or tough weeds it is advisable to mow in two
directions of movement: a movement to the right first of all cuts off the top of the
growth, then the counter movement to the left deals with the rest. As usual, the
cuttings are discarded to the left.
Large, flat areas get the knack

The best way to cut large areas is to use the square method. Divide the area to
be mown into squares, then work along the outsides into the centre.
Along a slope strip by strip

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The strip method is a very good way of working on a slope: cut a strip parallel to
the slope and then return along the swath. Then cut the next strip above that.
Here too, the cut grass always falls onto the cut area.
Overcoming obstacles preparing the way

The mowing line is the best way of mowing right up to trees or bushes without
damaging branches or stems. Where several plants are growing close together it
is advisable to clear round them before mowing. To do that, use the guard on your
brushcutter as a guide. Place it up against the trunk of the tree or bush and use it
to guide you as you move around the tree.
That protects the trunk while mowing the area around it.

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SO 2
In groups of 3, take turns to perform practical demonstrations of operating
techniques and methods of brush cutting.
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SELF ASSESSMENT
Concept (SO 2)

I understand this

Questions that I still would

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assessment criteria

like to ask

1.
2.
3.
4.

My Notes

Module 3
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3. Maintain equipment.
SO 3: Maintain equipment.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this module, the learner would be able to:
1. Carryout daily service out according to manufacturer's prescriptions.
2. Adhere to prescribed services as prescribed by the manufacturer.
3. Sharpen blades according to manufacturer specifications.

3.1. Daily service is carried out according to manufacturer's

prescriptions.
When carrying out daily service of brushcutters you must do the following :
1. Check unit for loose/missing nuts, bolts and screws. Tighten and/or
replace as needed.
2. Inspect fuel lines, tank, and area around carburettor for fuel leaks. Do not
operate unit if leaks are found.
3. Ensure that all guards are fitted, secure and functional.
4. Ensure the blade unit has a debris shield, has either a bar handle or a Uhandle, and is suspended from a shoulder harness.
5. Select the correct cutting tool for the task to be undertaken - refer to
manufacturers specification.
6. Load the nylon line cutting head only with nylon trimmer line of the proper
diameter.
7. Do not operate if the line cutter is missing.
8. Before operating unit, thoroughly inspect blades for damage and cracks.
9. When operating the unit with a blade, ensure the blade is attached to the
unit as designed, such as with a locknut and cotter pin, and with the teeth
pointing in the direction the blade head rotates.
10. Faulty equipment must not be used. Report suspect machinery
immediately.
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3.2. Prescribed services are adhered to as prescribed by the

manufacturer.
Although prescribed services differ from manufacturer to manufacturer below are
common prescribed services.
50 Working Hours Maintenance
1. Complete daily service first.
2. Clean the oil tank of this brush cutter.
3. Remove the deposited carbon in the spark plug, and set the gap within
0.6-0.7mm.
4. Remove the deposited carbon on the deafen board of the silencer.
5. Take down the wind scooper, and sweep the greasy dirt and dust away
from the wind scooper and cylinder cooling fins.
100 Working Hours Maintenance
1. Finish the 50 working hours maintenance process.
2. Dismantle the cylinder block and piston ring, and then clean the deposited
carbon in the following places: cylinder combustion chamber, air vent, top
of the piston, groove of the piston ring and spark plug.
3. Clean the inside of crankcase. In order to clean the main shaft and
connecting rod bearing, you should rotate the crankshaft continuously
during this process.
4. Check the ignition system. First of all, set the magneto gap at 0.3-0.4mm.
Second, make sure that the spark plug ignition is all right. Finally, check if
the connection between high-voltage lacquered wire and circlip of spark
plug is in good condition.

500 Working Hours Maintenance

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Disassemble the brush cutter except connecting rod of crankshaft, clean and
inspect the machine. Meanwhile, check the wear condition of the expendable
parts, then repair or replace them according to specific condition.
Maintenance of Tools
1. After the brush cutter has worked for 50 hours, please add high
temperature lubricating grease (No.3 lithium complex grease) to the gear
box and coat the same grease on the surface of stiff shaft.
2. If the blade is blunt, incomplete, or cracks, please repair or change the
blade.
3. When the machine is going to cut hard object, please turn off the machine,
and set the blade and the object at proper position. If grass or branch
twines on the blade, clean them after the machine is stopped.
Storage
1. Empty the fuel tank.
2. Clean the air filter, and then reinstall it.
3. Take down the spark plug, add several drops of engine oil into the
combustion chamber, and then pull the starter for several times to make the
piston stop near the top dead centre.
4. Take down the blade and add a little engine oil on both sides.
5. Carefully clean every component and add a little engine oil on the metal
parts.
6. Check all the parts of the machine, and please replace the broken ones.
7. Place the brush cutter at well-ventilated and dry warehouse.

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3.3. Blades are sharpened according to manufacturer specifications .

Whether you have a gas operated or manual brush cutter, the blade will
eventually require sharpening. The process of sharpening tool blades is similar
whether it is a manual or gas operated tool. The angle on the blade may be
slightly different, however the procedure will be the same. Close attention and
care to maintain the angle of the blade is the key to sharpening your brush cutter
blade. It is important to keep your blade sharp by regularly maintaining the blade
for proper and safe operation of the cutter.
You will need
Brush cutter blade
Work bench
Wire brush
Bucket, soapy water
Clean rags
Lubricating oil
Whetstones, medium and fine-grain, soaked in water
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Instructions
1. Place the brush cutter blade on a work bench. Clean off the entire blade with
a wire brush and soapy water. This will remove any dirt and debris from the
blade prior to sharpening.
2. Dry the blade off with a rag. Rub the blade with lubricating oil using a clean
rag.
3. Hold the cutter on the edge of the bench with the angled portion of the blade
facing out. Position a medium-grain whetstone on the surface of the angled
cutting portion of the blade. Make sure the stone is at the same angle as the
blade edge. Drag the stone across the blade in even strokes until you are
satisfied with the edge you have achieved.
4. Hone the edge of the cutter with a fine-grain whetstone until the blade is
sharp. Use the same technique as with the medium-grain whetstone.
5. Apply a light coat of lubricating oil to the cutter with a rag.

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SO 3
Explain the importance of maintaining equipment.
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SELF ASSESSMENT
38

Concept (SO 3)

I understand this
assessment criteria

Questions that I still would

like to ask

My Notes

UNIT STANDARD
39

All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public
property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell
this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority
(SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.

SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD:
Operate brush-cutters in commercial forestry
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
123243

Operate brush-cutters in commercial forestry

ORIGINATOR
SGB Forestry
QUALITY ASSURING BODY
FIELD

SUBFIELD

Field 01 - Agriculture and Nature Conservation

Forestry and Wood Technology

ABET
BAND

UNIT STANDARD
TYPE

PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL

NQF LEVEL

CREDITS

Undefined

Regular

Level 2

NQF Level 02

REGISTRATION STATUS

REGISTRATION START
DATE

REGISTRATION END
DATE

SAQA DECISION
NUMBER

Reregistered

2012-07-01

2015-06-30

SAQA 0695/12

LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT

LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT

2016-06-30

2019-06-30

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose
statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated
otherwise.

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard.
PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD
This unit standard is for brushcutter operators.
People credited with this unit standard are able to:
Prepare to operate the brushcutter.
Demonstrate operating techniques and methods of brushcutting.
Maintain equipment.
LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING
Communication and Mathematical Literacy at NQF Level 1.
UNIT STANDARD RANGE

40

N/A

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria:

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1
Prepare to operate the brushcutter.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
Main components of the brushcutter are identified and their purpose is explained.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
Pre-start checks and start up procedure are carried out according to manufacturer's recommendations.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
Blades are selected for correct application according to manufacturer's operating manual.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4
Correct tools and refueling equipment are used before and during operations to ensure sound maintenance
and safe refueling.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5
Harness is adjusted to ensure comfortable operating.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6
Hazards and their influences are explained and their effect minimized.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE
Terrain, weather conditions, vegetation, safe working conditions and stubs.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7
Personal protective equipment is used according to company policy and/or legal requirements.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8
Escape routes are identified to ensure a safe escape in case of emergency.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2
Demonstrate operating techniques and methods of brush cutting.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
Safe working procedures and practices are adhered to according to company policy and legal requirements.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
Techniques for brush cutting are demonstrated.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE
Grass, small trees and shrubs.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
Methods of brush cutting are demonstrated to ensure effective operation.

41

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4
Correct brush cutting method is used in applicable situation.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3
Maintain equipment.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
Daily service is carried out according to manufacturer's prescriptions.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
Prescribed services are adhered to as prescribed by the manufacturer.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
Blades are sharpened according to manufacturer specifications.
UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS
Anyone assessing a candidate against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the
relevant ETQA.
Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a
provider through the relevant ETQA.
Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the moderation guidelines
and the agreed ETQA procedures.
UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge considered critical to the successful achievement of this unit is covered in the specific outcomes
and assessment criteria.
UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME
N/A
UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES
N/A

Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO):

UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING
Work effectively with others as a member of a team/group/organisation/community.
UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING
Organise and manage oneself and one's activities responsibly and effectively.
UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE
Use science and technology effectively and critically (showing responsibility towards the environment and
health of others).

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