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http://www.john-uebersax.com/stat312/
06 Measures of Central Tendeny & Disperson
Old Business
Picking up pace
Mac issues
Topics to Cover
Frequency distributions/histograms in Mac Excel
Review last homework
Central tendency: mean, median, mode
Percentiles, quartiles,
Descriptive statistics in JMP
Measures of Dispersion: the Variance
Homework assignment
In another column, select vertical range of blank cells, which contains one more
than number of cells in bin array (e.g., c1:c5)
Note: double-check bin range address; formula editor may obscure first cell.
Explained here: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100122
Class demonstration: Female Dover sole lengths
Range
Male frequency
Male percentage
Female frequency
Female percentage
x
N
( for a population)
x=
( for a sample)
Ex: The data represent the number of textbooks purchased by a sample of seven students:
10 4 7 5 7 8 9
10 + 4 +7 +5 +7 +8 +9
7
50
7
= 7.14
The mean is affected by any outliers and skews. Because the mean is nonresistant, there are
alternative measures that are more resistant to outliers and skews
The Median
The median is a resistant measure of central tendency that occupies the middle position of
data placed in order of magnitude.
If n is odd, the median is the middle number of the data placed in order of magnitude. It
th
n +1
occupies the
position.
If n is even, the median is the average of the middle two numbers of the data placed in order
th
n
2
th
n + 2
and
positions.
The Mode
The mode, by definition, is the most frequently occurring value in a series.
3( n +1)
= 6, so Q3 = 9.
4
(If position = #.5, average two nearest values; else, if not integer, round.)
Enter data into a Data Table (Important: do not mix character and numerical values in a
column!)
Highlight column (takes some practice; hint: to refresh selection: Rows > Clear Row States
Analyze > Distribution > OK
For Q1 and Q3, choose Quantile statistic twice, specifying 25% and 75% in this box:
Click: OK
Range = 10 - 4 = 6
Interquartile Range
IQR = Q3 - Q1
Ex The sample of books:
Q1 = 5, Q3 = 9,
IQR = 9 - 5 = 4
7. Homework
Read pp. 104-117, Prob 3.1, 3.2a [skip(4),(6), (10)], 3.2b
Data for 3.b (bolts.xls) on course website