3/13/2016

ACIDS AND BASES

3/13/2016

Conjugate acid is an acid that forms when a

base gains a proton

Conjugate base is a base that forms when an

acid loses a proton

Amphoteric substance has the properties of an

acid and the properties of a base. Water is an
amphoteric substance.

3/13/2016

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and measures

acidity
low numbers indicating acidic solutions
high numbers indicating basic solutions
7 indicating a perfectly neutral solution
It is calculated using the equation
pH = log[H+]

pH and pOH are related through the simple

expression pH + pOH = 14

In a related way,[H+][OH] = 1014

The pOH scale also ranges from 0 to 14, but

measures basicity instead of acidity.
low numbers mean basic solutions
high numbers mean acidic solutions.
It is calculated using the equation
pOH = log [OH-]

Titration is a method to determine the

concentration of a sample substance (analyte)
in solution by adding a solution of known
volume (titrant) and concentration until the
reaction is completed (equivalence point),
which is usually indicated by a change in color
(indicator, end point)

3/13/2016

Amount of Solute = Volume x Concentration

Volume1 x Concentration1 = Volume2 x Concentration2

MaVa = MbVb

Vinegar can be assayed to determine its acetic

acid content. Determine the molarity of acetic
acid in a 15.00 mL sample of vinegar that
requires 22.70 mL of a 0.550 M solution of NaOH
to reach the equivalence point.

ans: 0.832 M