Testingof

Biodiesel(FAME)andPurePalmOil(PPO)
asHighSpeedDieselFuel(HSD)Blends
inGasTurbine(GT)

PT.PLN(Persero)
WorkshopImplementasiBiofuelpadaPembangkitListrikGasTurbinePLN

Testingof
BiodieselasBlends
inGasTurbine(GT)

BackgroundofTesting

PLNhasamandatoryfromGovernmenttoutilisebiodieselandolein(PPO)
asblendedfuelinitspowerplant
TestingwascarriedoutbyPT.PLNPUSLITBANGandheldinTrisaktiGas
TurbinePowerPlant,Banjarmasin,SouthKalimantan,2013
10%ofbiodieselwasblendedwith90%ofHSDasfuelforGT
Thepurposeoftesting:
o TounderstandthereliabilityandefficiencyofGTwithblendedfuel(B10)
o TorecognisetheeffectofB10towardsfuelnozzle dan hotgaspath.

TestingofBiodieselHSDBlends
Methodology:
9
9
9
9
9

PerformancetestofGasTurbinewithHSDatmaxloadfor1hour
BoroscopeinspectionofGTbeforeusingblendedbiodieselHSD
Fuelcompositionfortesting:10%ofBiodiesel+90%HSD(B10)
PerformancetestofGTwithB10atmaxload
BoroscopeinspectionofGTafterusingblendedbiodieselHSDfor5days

HSDandBiodieselSpecificationforTesting
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Parameter
WaterContent
Flashpoint
Viscosityat40oC
Sediment
Ashcontent
TotalAcidNumber
CaloricValue
SpesificGravity@60/600F

Satuan
mg/kg
o
C
mm2sec
%
%

Metodologi

ASTMD630407
ASTMD9311
ASTMD44503
ASTMD47307
ASTMD48207
mgKOH/gr ASTMD66411a
kkal/kg ASTMD8601
ASTMD129899

HSD
283
60
3.46
<0.01
<0.001
0.0863
10,853
0.843

Hasil
FAME BBNB10
1033
167
4.56
<0.01
0.078
0.2978
10,728
0.869

Afterdoublechecking,PLNfoundbiodieselintheHSDdeliveredbysupplier,by
5,6%content.

GasTurbineSpecificationforTesting

Merk
:Alsthom Atlantique
Type
:PG5341P
S/N
:Turco 207
Speed
:5120rpm
Turbin
:2Stage
Kompresor
:17Stage
InstalledCapacity
:21.350KW
CapableCapacity:18.500KW
YearofManufacture
:1982
YearofOperation
:1986
JSB
:78.626
JSMI
:6.336(terakhir HGPI)

BlendingSystem

BlendingSystem

10%Biodieseland90%HSDwasblendedinStoragetank

PerformanceTestResultofGTwithB10

0.450

Data Spesific Fuel Consumption (Harian)

PLTG Trisakti

SFC(liter/kWh)

0.445

0.440

0.435
BBN B10
Tanggal

0.430
HSD
0.425

0.420
16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Desember2013

SFCofGTwithB10increases

27

28

29

30

PerformanceTestResultofGTwithB10
Dailyload
Beban Harian BBNB10PLTGTrisakti

Beban(MW)

17.80
17.60
BebanHarianBBN
B10

17.40
17.20
17.00

Poly.(Beban
HarianBBNB10)

y=0.0073x2 +0.2662x+15.539

16.80
16.60
25

26

27

28

29

Desember2013

dailyloadtendstodecrease

30

EmissionofTest

No.

Parameter

Satuan

HSD

BBNB10

Standar emisi diPLTGdengan BBM*

%
%

16.63

16.76

O2
CO2

3.20

3.11

NOx

mg/Nm3

758.89

745.56

CO

mg/Nm3

0.00

0.00

NO

mg/Nm3

128.22

120.56

SO2

mg/Nm3

73.78

76.63

1000

*Peraturan Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup No.21Tahun 2008Lampiran IIA(PLTG)

Emissionstillmeetsthestandard

800

BoroscopeTestResult
Comparisonof1ststagebladeafter5daysoperation

BoroscopeTestResult
Comparisonof1ststagenozzle(stator)after5daysoperation

BoroscopeTestResult
Comparisonof2nd Stage Blade(Rotor) after5daysoperation

BoroscopeTestResult
Comparisonof2ndstagenozzle(stator)after5daysoperation

BoroscopeTestResult
Combustionchamberafter5daysoperation

Pressurenozzle
GrafikNozzlePressure(PSIG)PLTGTrisaktidenganBBN
B10
540.00
y=0.5708x2 28.307x+875.39
535.00

nozzle1

NozzlePressure(PSIG)

nozzle2
nozzle3

530.00

nozzle4
nozzle5
525.00

nozzle6
nozzle7
nozzle8

520.00

nozzle9
nozzle10
515.00
25

26

27

28

29

30

TanggalPengujianBulanDesember2013

Theincreasedpressureduetodepositinthenozzle
holes

SeveralIssuesNeededtoDiscuss
DoesGasTurbinerequiremodificationinordertobeableto
consumeblendedbiodieselHSD?
Isthereanystringentstandardforbiodieselusedingas
turbine,eitherinproductionprocess,handlingorstorage?
Howmuchthemaxcompositionofbiodieselcanbeblended
withHSDforGTfuel?

FuelFlexibilityforGTbyGeneralElectric

GEsuccessfullytestedB100forGTinSwiss,2006

Testingof
PurePalmOil(PPO)asBlends
inGasTurbine(GT)

BackgroundofTesting

PLNhasamandatoryfromGovernmenttoutilisebiodieselandolein(PPO)
asblendedfuelinitspowerplant
TestingwascarriedoutbyBPPTengineeringandPT.PLNPUSLITBANGas
counterpartTeam,andheldinPauhLimoGasTurbinePowerPlant,
Padang,2013
5%ofPPOwasblendedwith95%ofHSDasfuelforGT
Afterseveraldaysoftesting,itwasfoundinthestoragetankthatHSD
wasnotpureHSD,buttherewasbiodieselmixtureinit,about6%.
Thepurposeoftesting:
o TounderstandthereliabilityandefficiencyofGTwithblendedfuel(B10)
o TorecognisetheeffectofB10towardsfuelnozzle dan hotgaspath.

UJI COBA PPO PLTG PAUHLIMO

Pelaksanaan
HSD
selama 40
hours
beban 16
MW

PPO 5% dan HSD

95% for 40 jam
beban 16 MW

Inspeksi
Gas Turbin
(boroscope)

Inspeksi
Gas Turbin
(boroscope)

1314Nov2013

18Nov2013

PLN PUSLITBANG 2014

79Feb2014

11Feb2014

UJI COBA PPO PLTG PAUHLIMO

BlendingSystem

1314Nov2013

18Nov2013

PLN PUSLITBANG 2014

79Feb2014

11Feb2014

HSDandPPOSpecificationforTesting
PARAMETEROF
ANALYSIS
WaterContent
SulfurContent
AshContent
Sedimen
ViscosityKin.At40oC
RelativeDensity
CarbonResidue
CalorificValue
ASHANALYSIS
Silicon(Si)
Aluminium(Al)
Iron(Fe)
Calcium(Ca)
Magnesium(Mg)
Kalium(K)
Sodium(Na)
Mangan(Mn)
Titanium(Ti)
Phosphat(P)
Vanadium(V)

HSD

PPO

(%wt)
(%wt)
(%wt)
(%wt)
(cSt)
(kg/m3)
(%wt)
(cal/kg)

0.02
0.22
0.001
0.001
3.46
811
0.03
10879

0.04
0.03
0.001
0.02
40.57
883
0.04
9516

(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)

8.54
0.19
1.7
1.08
0.11
0.83
1.14
0.2
0.04
0.41
0.24

28.28
2.4
2.31
7.68
0.11
2.77
2.57
0.07
0.89
0.75
0.76

STANDARDMETHOD
ASTMD174483
ASTMD262203
ASTMD48207
ASTMD47307
ASTMD44509
ASTMD121793
ASTMD18906
ASTMD24009

ASTMD518505

OperationParameterduringOperation
No.

Parameter

Satuan

1 Waktu Uji
2 Beban
MW
3 SFC
Lt/kWh
0
4 GTcompressorinletairtemperature
C
GTcompressoroutletair
0
C
5
temperature
6 GTcompressoroutletairpressure
kg/cm2 (A)
7 Ambientpressure
kg/cm2 (A)
8 Specificheatratio

9 GTcompressorefficiency
%
10 FuelNozzleNo.1
Psi
11 FuelNozzleNo.2
Psi
12 FuelNozzleNo.3
Psi
13 FuelNozzleNo.4
Psi
14 FuelNozzleNo.5
Psi
15 FuelNozzleNo.6
Psi
16 FuelNozzleNo.7
Psi
17 FuelNozzleNo.8
Psi
18 FuelNozzleNo.9
Psi
20 FuelNozzleNo.10
Psi

HSD
1315Nov
2013
16.85
0.426
25.82

PPO5%
79Feb
2014
16.59
0.436
26.68

320.47

320.77

8.57
1.04
1.40
84.10
450
435
449
447
407
448
457
410
432
450

8.49
1.04
1.40
83.98
446
479
446
456
461
463
487
437
505
498

SFCChartDuringTesting
GrafikbebanterhadapSFC
0.438
SFC(lt/kWh)

0.436
0.434
0.432
0.43
0.428
0.426
0.424
16.55 16.6 16.65 16.7 16.75 16.8 16.85 16.9
beban(MW)
Therewas2%incrementofSFCduringthetesting
ofGTwithblendedPPOHSD

HSD

ComparisonofHSDvsHSD+PPO5%
PERBANDINGANHSDVSPPO5% +HSD95%
0.440

17.40

SFCbahanbakarHSD

0.438
17.30

0.4360.437

17.20
0.436
17.10

0.434

SFC

0.432

17.00
0.430

0.430

SFCbahanbakarPPO
5%danHSD95%
MWH

0.438

kwhhsd

16.90

0.428

16.80

kwhppo5%

0.427
0.426

16.70

0.424
0.422

16.60
0.422
16.50

0.420

16.40
1

2
HARIKe

Poly.(SFCbahanbakar
HSD)
Poly.(SFCbahanbakar
PPO5%danHSD95%)

GTCombustion
Nozzle Cap

Deposit

Udara Atomizing

C + CO + O2 + Energi Panas Pembakaran Susulan

Nozzle Tip
Biosolar B5

CO2 + Energi Panas

C + CO + O2 + Energi Panas Pembakaran Susulan

Udara Atomizing

Depositonfuelnozzlecaninhibitfuelflowandatomizingair.Furthermore,deposit
canleadtosubsequentcombustionwiththeavailabilityofsecondaryairflowinthe
combustor.Thiscanpotentiallycauseoverheatinginthecombustionlinerand
transitionpiece.

NozzleConditionafterPPO5%

NozzleConditionafterPPO5%

FuelNozzlePressure
TekananFuelNozzle
500

Tekanan(PSi)

480
HSD

460

PPO5%danHSD95%

440

420

400
0

10

FuelNozzleNo.

Theincreaseinfuelpressureinthefuelnozzleataflowdevider causedindeposits
inthefuelnozzle,resultinginablockagewhichresultedintheincreaseof
pressure.

EmissionofTest

No. Parameter Satuan

HSD

PPO5%dan
HSD95%

Standar emisi diPLTGdengan

BBM*

O2

16.8

CO2

3.1

NOx

mg/m3

191.4

CO

mg/m3

0.4

NO

mg/m3

119.3

SO2

mg/m3

20.0

1,000

800

*Peraturan Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup No.21Tahun 2008Lampiran IIA(PLTG)

Emissionstillmeetsthestandard

BoroscopeResult

BoroscopeResult

BoroscopeResult

BoroscopeResult

BoroscopeResult

BoroscopeResult

Conclusion
Bothtest,BiodieselandPPOasblendsinGTindicatesthat
9
9
9
9
9

SFCincrease
powercapabilitydecrease
Depositinthenozzle
Erosionanddepositontherotorandstatorblade,
Depositoncombustionliner

PleasenotethatHSDusedinthePPOtestwasntpureHSD,but
therewasmixtureof6%biodiesel.
AlsoWhenPLNtestedinTrisaktiGT,therewasmixtureof5,6%
biodieselintheHSDused.Sototalbiodieselcontentinthe
blendedfuelwas16%.
WedidntknowthequalityofbiodieselintheHSD(B5)delivered
bysupplier.
DoesPPOandbiodieselforGTfuelrequirespecificstandard?