PROPRIEDADE

DO

-May1993
IRIS INSTRUMENTS
1, CMlnue Buffon
B.P.6007 45060 Orleans cedex 2, France
T~:"
33 (0)23863 8100
T6I6copieur:...33 10)238 63 81 82
Email: irisinsOibm.net
BRGM & OYO Joint Venlur.
5.04; ou cOl!ilal d. 7 878 000 F ReS PARIS8 380 202 390.
SIRET380"20239000015 Cad. ActlY'" 332 8
_ .

CPGGIUFBA

1.1. GENERAL OUfLINE

SYSCAL R2 is a high power fully automatic resistivitymeter designed for DC electrical
exploration surveys. With SYSCAL R2, it is possibleto study the variations of resistivity
with depth (vertical electrical soundings) as well as the lateral variations of resistivityalong
lines (electrical profilings).
Its fields of application are groundwater exploration,
environmental studies, civil engineering, structural geological investigation ; also mining
exploration, where its Induced Polarization. parameter (chargeability) completes the
information given by the DC electrical parameter (resistivity).
Beside the internal batteries for the supply 0"( its electroniccircuits, SYSCAL R2 has to be
supplied by an external DC source so as to energize-the ground. This source can be a DCDC converter powered by a 12V car battery or an AC-DC converter powered by a motor
generator, depending on the depth. of investigationrequired. A set of non rechargeable
90V dry cells can also be used in case of rough topographyareas.
SYSCAL R2 generates the current, measures the voltage between the receiving electrodes
and displays the apparent resistivity value.
Various electrode arrays are available:
Schlumberger and Wenner soundings and profilings, gradientand dipole dipole arrays.
The measurement is made fully automatically through the control of a microprocessor:
automatic self potential correction, automatic ranging, digital stacking for signal
enhancement, error display in case of procedure troubles.
The internal memeory can be store up to 1022 measurements with full information:
.intensity, voltage, chargeability, geometrical parameters, station number. A serial link
permits to transfer the data into a plotter or a microcomputerfor plotting and interpretation
oftbe data.

1.2. SYNOPSIS OF OPERATIONS

SYSCAL R2 is driven by the operator through interactive menus. The function keys of the
keyboard permit to select a menu, the UP and DOWN keys permit to move inside the
selected menu and the ENTER key permits to select an option of the menu.

Some operations have to be carried out at the beeinnin& of a suuey:

BATT

to check the voltage of the internal batteries. This operation has to be

repeated from time to time.

MODE

to select the waveform of the current.

SETUP

to select the time parameters (specially for the chargeability measurement).

E-ARRAY

to select the electrode configuration which will be used (Schlumberger, ... ).

CONFIG

to select' the characterization of the parameters which will be displayed during

.
'
the acquisition.

The followine operationshave

to be carried out at each new measurement:

SPACING

to introduce the geometrical parameters (line lengths, station number ... )

Rs CHECK

to measure the ground resistances and to check that all the electrodes are
properly connected.

START

to start the injection of current; intensity, voltage, chargeability, dispersion of

readings will be displayed at each new stack.

STOP

to stop the injection of current.

RESULT

to read the average values of previous parameters, including the apparent

resis~vity

,MEMORY

to store the data into the internal memory.

SYSCAL RZ is so simple to use,that. 'at this '.'

you allnGS' t(nowtenO\lgb,the ir1sttument
tbat.you.can &otG,tbe-~eld and:Take-tneasu~er1t$- w~tll,it.-,",':1beintel'active

meaus will
,help you-in selecti~ly()~roptiOns.-:,H()wever. in- case',ometl\irtJt--remains unclear.,.pJease

<refer. to Uje~fQlloWirt'~es.-or ~rmailuaJj

:(:.:.:l(,
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SYSCAL R2

The SYSCAL R2 is contained in a shock resistant, weather proof case (length 310mm,
width 210mm, height 210mm/12.2x8.3x8.3 inch).
The SYSCAL R2 needs two types of power supply:
.. the supply for the electronic circuits (internal supply), described in 2.3 ..
- the supply for the ground energization (external supply), described in 2.4.

2.1. FRONT PANEL DESCRIYI'ION .

All controls are located on the front panel. This front panel of SYSCAL R2 features:
- an ON/OFF switch,
- a 16-key function and numeric keypad. The function keys are used for setting the
unit up, starting and stopping the measurement, managing the internal memory.
The numeric keys are used for introducting data such as the station numbers, the
lenghts of the lines...
- a two-line 20 characters alpha numeric LCD display
- four plugs for connecting the electrodes (A and B for current electrodes, M and N
for potential electrodes)
- four push buttons, for measuring the ground resistance of the electrodes (AN,BN,
MN circuits, N being the reference electrode)
- a 20 em long cord with two male banana plugs for connecting the SYSCAL R2 to
the external DC power source which energizes the ground (maximum output voltage
800V, maximum current 2A).
- a three pin plug (RS 232-C standard port) for serial link (data transfer)

2.2. ELECTRONJ:C CIRCUITS POWER SUPPLY

The power supply for the electronic ci~cuits consists in six 1.5 volts D size dry cells located
in the bottom part of the insttument. To screw out the lid of the battery casing, a money
coin can be used. The power consumption of SYSCAL R2 is very low and a set of new
alkaline dry cells should last about 300 hours in operation at 20C outside temperature. It
is always possible to take these dry cells out of the instrument (in order to change them for
instance) without loosing the data which have been stored in the internal memory: a ten
years long life dry cell located on the CPU board itself prevents from loosing data when the
six dry cells of the power supply are discharged or are taken out of their case. In case
SYSCAL R2 would not be used for a long time, it would be better to take the batteries out
in order to prevent any possible leakage of these batteries, which could damage the battery
case.

2.3. GROUND ENERGIZATION POWER SUPPLY

To generate the current into the ground, the SYSCAL R2 has to be supplied.by an external
DC source. This source can be :
- a 12SW DC/DC converter supplied by a 12V car battery: the output voltages
available on this converter are 50V, 1OOV, 200V and 400V; the 125W power is
available on each voltage range, so the maximum current available on these ranges are
respectively 2.5A, 1.2SA, 0.62A and 0.31A;
- a 2S0W DC/DC converter supplied by a 12V car battery: the output voltages
available on this converter are l00V, 200V, 400V and 800V; the 250W power is
available on each voltage range, so the maximum current available on these ranges are
respectively 2.SA, 1.2SA, 0.62A and O.31A;
- a 1200W AC/DC converter supplied by a 220 or 110 V 50 or 60 Hz motor
generator: the output voltages available on this converter are SOV, lOOV, 200V,
400Vand 800V; the maximum current available on each voltage is l.SA;
- a set of 90V dry cells: these dry cells are packaged in a case of four units connected
in series. Two sets of these cases can then reached 720V.

The selection of the power source depends on the type of geological problem which has to
be solved. Most of the time, the 250W DC/DC converter is convenient to power the
SYSCAL R2. However, for shallower investigation, the 125W DC/DC converter can be
used; for deep soundings or profilings with rectangle arrays, the 1200W AciDC converter

can be used; the 90V dry cells remain most efficient in case of profilings in rough
topography areas when the weight of the power source has to be minimized.
If a DC Power source different from the above mentioned power sources is used with
SYSCAL R2, one must keep in mind that the voltage of this source must not overcome
800y". .Above this value. permanent damages can occur in SYSCAL R200wer board.

3.1 GENERAL SET UP AND INfERNAL POWER SUPPLY

CHECK (BATI key)

a) Set the wires and electrodes for current (A, B) and potential (M, N) according to
. the electrode array which has been selected (see annex 2, description of electrode arrays).
Try to get a good contact between the electrodes and the ground.
In particular, the
resistance of the potential electrode circuit, (M, N). should be less than 20kO.
b) Put the SYSCAL R2 and its power source on a dry place, if possible.
against the direct radiation of the sun in case of high temperature.

Protect it

c) Check that six D size dry cells have been introduced in the bottom part of the
instrument. Switch the unit ON. The message "SYSCAL R2 (V 9.3)" will be displayed.
Check the station of the dry cells by pressing the BAIT key.

Batteries = 8.6V
Capacity = 82 %

The voltage of the dry cells is given in volts (9V correspond to a set of new cells). A
capacity coefficient is given in percentage, which
.. varies between 100% for a set of new
cells to 0% for a set of cells to be changed (about 5 volts).

Let's note that the instrument will not operate if the voltage of its dry cells is less than
S.6V.

- However, if the voltage drops down S.6V after the injection began the follwing
message is displayed each time the start key is pressed:

* WARNlNG LOW BAT *

hit ENTER to cont.

but the instrument goes on working whitout any problem as long as Vcells ~

4. 5V.

- when VceUs S 4.SV, there is an automatic software stop of the measurement with
the following display when the ENTER key is pressed:

POWER FAILED

d) In the resisitivtymeter mode, connect the high voltage cord of SYSCAL R2 to the
power source, respecting the polarity rule:' red terminal must lie connected to the positive
source plug, black terminal to the negative source plug.
In case of inversion of these connections, no damage will be occur on SYSCAL R2, but no

current will be driven into the ground!

3.2.GENERAL USE OF THE KEYBOARD

SYSCAL R2 is driven by the operator, through interactive menus which are selected by the
FUNCTION keys of the instrument. To select a given function, first press the FUNCl'
key, and then the selected function key (BAIT, Rs CHECK, SPACING, START.).
To move inside the menu corresponding to the selected function, use the UP and DOWN
keys. An arrow ..>.. in front of the option of the menu indicates which option will be
selected if the ENTER key is pressed.

If a numeric value is expected, use the numeric keys (0, 1,., 9, - ) to enter the value.
In case of error, use the .. ~ .. backspace key to correct the wrong figure introduced.
When the value keyed in is corrected, use the ENTER key to validate the value displayed.

Intensity
+ I max

- - - - - .... - - - - - - ... - - - - - - -

ON+
+ I

I .max

---------'-----

OFF
OFF
~------~------~------~------~~>Time
<",
> I<--~""""--->
> <-------> I

<--,--,-~...

iIIII __

.. I

+ 2: A

T
T
...- -- - ...,__
._.
- -

T
L..-__

-'I'
-.-J ... -

250
-

< T(ms) < 10000

ON- 1-- max

- ... - .... - ... - -_ ... - - - .. - - - - - .... -

Fig. 1: Square symmetrical current 'waveform in Tx and Tx_Rx tlme domain

(ON+, OFF, ON-, OFF)

Intensity

1\
+ I max

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - -

ON+

+ I

I max

+ 2 A

- - - - ,-------. - - - - ......

~------~------~----~~------~~>Tuu
- I

<------->
<------->
<------->
<------->
T
T
T
T
- - -

- '--__

-.-J

-__,J

250

< T(ms) < 10000

ON-

-Imu

----_------~---------

Fig. 2 : Square symmetrical current waveform in Tx_Rx frequency domain

(ON+,ON-)

10

When a numeric value is expected a the current stage of the menu, it is not possible to
.escape from the menuand go to another function.
It is always possible to switch the instrument off at any stage to the operating procedure.
The data which have been introduced before the instrument has been switched off will
remain available after the instrument is switchedon again.

3.3. CURRENT WAVEFORM SELECTION (MODE KEy)

Three operation modes are available with SYSCAL R2 with the MODE key:
- Tx-Rx time domain,
- Tx-only time domain,
- Tx-Rx frequencydomain,
The Tx-Rx time domain mode has to' be used when the induced polarization parameter
(chargeability)has to be measured(see annex 2 on inducedpolarizationmethods).
The waveform of the current in such a mode is the classical time domain waveform: ON +,
OFF, ON-, OFF with a time for OFF periods equal to the time for injection periods. The
value of the injection time is chosen with the "SET-UP" function. Of course, this mode
can also be used for resistivity measurements(see fig.l).
The Tx-only time domain mode is a mode where SYSCAL R2 is just used as a
transmitter: current will be generated, measured, but no measurement of voltage or
chargeability will be performed. Such a mode can be used if an independantresistivity or
IP receiver is available (see fig.I) for measuring the voltage between the receiving
electrodes.
The Tx-Rx frequency tiIM. domain mode can be used if just resistivity has to be
measured. The waveform of the current in such a mode is the classical frequency domain
waveform:
.. ON+, ON- with a time for ON+ periods equal to the ON- periods. The value
of the injection time is chosen with the "SET-UP" function. In this mode, no Induced
Polarization measurementis available(see fig.2).

11

3.4. TIMING SELECTION (SET UP KEy)

By pressing the SET-UP key, it is possible to select either the "PRESET TIMES" or the
'. PROGRAl\fMABLE TIMES" option (use the UP and DOWN keys and the ENTER key
: to corifum your choice).

3.4.1. Presettimes
For most of the field works, the PRESET TIMES can be selected. After having selected
PRESET TIMES, the menu proposes SOOms,lOOOmsor 2000ms as pulse duration (use the
UP and DOWN keys and the ENTER key to confirm your choice).

xr)'

If you are just measuring resistivity (not,

the 500ms option should be sufficient; it will
provide you with many readings for unit of time and you will have a fast information on
your measurement; the 2000ms option will provide you with the best quality of
measurement and of course the lOOOmsoption will be the best compromise between speed
and quality. It is recommended not to change the pulse duration during a field survey, in
order to have homogeneous and comparable results.

3.4.2. Programmable times: first stage

If you choosethe PROGRAM'MABLE TIMES option, you will have first to select
the pulse duration:
Range 250/1~
Time (ms) = 3000
Introduce the required value, in ms, between 250 and 10000, then press ENTER
to conflrm your choice (for instance 3000m,s).
You will then have to select the V_DELAY time, which is the time from which
samples (sampling rate: 10ms) will begin to be taken into account after the pulse
began, for both intensity and voltage measurements:

12
.,

Range 150/2990
V_DLY (ms)= 1500
Taking a long delay time (for instance in this case 1500ms)will permit to be sure that
all transient effects like lP and EM responses will be vanished when samples for
primary voltage measurements will begin to be taken.

3.4.3. Programmable times: second stage

If you have selected the Tx-Rx time domain option ( 3.3.) and the PROGRAMMABLE
TIMES option, you will have now to introduce the widths of the four IP windows which
will be taken into account to measure the IP decay curve (see fig.3).
First select the delay time for the IP curve;
Range 20/2930
M_DLY (ms) = 100
then the Widthsof each window, for instance:

* first IP window:

* second IP window:

* third IP window:

* fourth IP window:

Range 10/2840
T_M1 (ms) = 200

Range 0/2640
T_M2 (ms) = 500
Range 0/2140
T_M3 (ms) = 800

Range 0/1340
T_M4 (ms) = 1000

13

At each step, the first line of the display gives the range of time for the parameter which
has to be introduced in the following line of the display.
The following figure recalls the meaning of the time parameters.
If just one IP window is requested, introduce the width of this window as the ~rst width
(T_Ml) then introduce "0" for the second one and no other width will be asked for.

Voltage
.V MN

I'

<-------------->
V_DLY

t'
I<--------------

<----><--> <--><---><---->
M_DLY T_Ml T_M2 T_M3 T_M4

1<--..;.--------

M_END

-------------TIME --------------> <

CURRENT TRANSMISSION

---------> I

TIU1:I

.~

--------------> I

RELAXATION

fig.3: Display or time parameters

* Chari:eability

values definition:

. In each I.P. window (T_Mi : width), the value of the partial apparent chargeability
(Mi) is computed and these Mi values permit to obtain the weighted average value
(M) of these partial chargeabilities (Mi)
At the end of the measurement, the average values of partial apparent chargeabilities
(Mi) are computed. The weighted average value (M) of these average partial apparent
chargeabilities is also computed. :

14

M=----nip

..t T Mi
i=l _

Where:
nip

is the numberof I.P. windows:2, 3 or 4 (seetable 1).

T_Mi are thewidth of the I.P. windows, expressedin ms.

Mi

are the averagevalues of the partial apparentchargeabilities,expressed in

mV/V (= %1').

is the weightedaverage value of the average partial apparent chargeabilities,

expressedin mVIV (= %1').

For example:
The numberof I.P. windowsis 4 (in the TIME = 2000msoption).
The four I.P. windows are :
T_Ml
T_M2
T_M3
T_M4

= 120ms
- 220ms
= 420ms
= 820 ms (see table 1)

At the end of the measurement, when the RESULT key is pressed, the average
values of tbe partial apparent cbargeabilities are displayed: Ml, M2, M3 and
M4.

The weighted average value M of the average partial apparent chargeabilities (Ml,
M2, M3, M4) is also displayed:
M=

T_Ml Ml + T_M2. M2 + T_M3. M3 + T_M4. M4

T_Ml + T_M2 + T_M3 + T_M4

M=

120.Ml + 220.M2 + 420.M3 + 820.M4

120 + 220 + 420 + 820

M, MI, M2, M3 and M4 are expressedin mV/V (= %D).

15

3.4.4. Presettlmes values

If you have selected the 'IX_Rx time domain option ( 3.3.) and the PRESET TIMES
option, you will also. be allowed to several IP windows. These preset IP windows are
automatically determined. (See Table 1).
If you have chosen the Tx_only time domain or Tx-Rx frequency domain ( 3.3.) and the

preset times option, of course there are no IP parameters, but V _DL Y parameter is
automatically selected (See Table 1).

Injection and
relaxation time

TIMe

Time of measurement of
first V sample

2000

500

1000

V_DLY

240

580

1260

Delay time for the first

IP sample

M_DLY

160

160

160

First IP window width

T_Ml

80

120

120

Second IP window width

T_M2

180

220

220

Third IP window width

T_M3

420

420

Fourth IP window width

T M4

820

Table 1: Preset time parameters (ms)

Table 2 recapitulates the operations to perform according to the chosen MODE and SETUP functions. ..

16

TRANSMITTER
USE OF

Current injection
I

SYSCAL.R2
SIGNAL
WAVEFORM

ON+, OFF,
ON-, OFF

Tx only time
domain

Tx-Rx time domain

Select T among:

Select T amo850

PROGRAMMABLE

TIMES

500, 1000,2

(ms)

Tx-Rx Frequency

Select T among:
500, 1000,2000

(ms)

------------------------ --------------------------- ---------------------------V DLY

V DLY
V DLY and IP*
automatically
automatically
parameters
determined
determined
automatically
determined
Input: T, V DLY

(IP* : IP parameters:

ON+,ON-

domain

(ms)

PRESET

Measurements of
onl)' Ro (apparent
resistivity)

500, 1000, 2000

TIMES

Measurements of
MandRo
.. (chargeability and
apparent resistivity)
ON+, OFF,
ON-, OFF

TRANSMITl'ER-RECEIVER

. Input: T, V_DLY
M DLY, T Ml
T:M2,T ....M"3,T_M4

Input: T, V DLY

M DLY and T Mi windows widths).

Table 2: Selection of time parameters according to the MODE and SET-UP options.

17

3.5.
ELECTRODE ARRA
Vi~SELECTION (E-ARRAY KEY)
.
~ .
The most common electrode arrays have been introduced into the operating program of the
instrument, so that apparent resistivity values can be directly computed by the instrument.
These electrode arrays, described in annex 2, can be listed on the display by pressing the EARRAY key and the UP and DOWN keys. These arrays are displayed on table 3
Select the electrode array you want by pressing the ENTER when the > mark is in front of
its name. One or two lines describing the array will then appear just after the ENTER
key has been pressed, so as to remind the position of the various electrodes in such an
array.

3.6. OTHER OPfIONS SELECTION (CONF1G. KEy)

Various options, which generally do not have to be modified frequently, are available
through the CONFIG. key
..When pressing the COl\'FI.G. key, you can select with the UP and DOWN keys:
- to EDIT a configuration (to see what is the current configuration used)
- to WRITE a configuration (to store the current configuration into A, B, C or D
locations)
- to RECALL a configuration (previously stored in location A, B, C or D)

18

"

ELECTRODE ~RRAY

~PPE~~NCE
ORDER

DISPLAYED WHEN THE ENTER KEY IS

PRESSED ~FTER THB B-~Y
CHOICE.

P 1<- D ->1
C 1<- D ->1 C
> XC -> XP

DIPOLE DIPOLE

\~
..

POLE DIPOLE

P 1<- D ->1
IC
> XC -> XP

POLE POLE

1 C <- CP->
> XC

1P -

G~D

RBCTaL

lr-.

1 P<-D->IP-LINE)
."> XP

A 1

(f

1B

'.
SCHLUM VES

M 1

SCHLUM PRFL

A 1

H 1

1 B

1N

1 B

1N

1N

1 B

> X
WENNER VES

H 1

~ 1

H I

\
WENNER PRFL

> X
"HOLE SURF.

o
1

(f LINE Y) -> LINB X

B

/\
OTHER

~"

TYPB NOT DEFINED

Ta~le 3: AvaUableelectrode arrays

19

'Configuration concerns the following options:

* TYPE OF IP YALUES; RAW VALUES,NORMALIZED VALVES

If you select the RAW VALVES option, the true chargeabllity values will be displayed

.during the measurement ; if you select the NORMALIZED VALUES option, the
chargeability values which will be displayed 'will be referred to a standard IP dccay
curve (see annex 2). For a performed measurement, raw or normalized values can be
displayed by selecting the corresponding option ( RAW VALUES or NORMALIZED
VALUES) during the RESULT display or the MEMORY/READ display.
Before a data transfer, the operator must check if the desired option is selected for the type
of chargeability values he wants to transfer (RAW or NORMALIZED).
Generally, the answer to this question can be RAW VALVES.

* TYPE OF READINGS;

RUNNING, CUMULATIVE

In case of RUNNING READINGS, the values displayed during the measurements are the
average values of three last consecutive pulses. After having stopped the acquisition, the
average value of all previously displayed readings will be computed. This option permits
to continuously monitor the natural or artificial electric noise superimposed to the actual
signal to be measured.
In case of CUMULATIVE READINGS, the values displayed during the measurement are
the average values of all the pulses performed from the beginning of the measurement.
This option permits to check that the average value converges towards the actual signal to
be measured, if the noise of course is not too strong.
Generally, the answer to this question can be: RUNNING.

20

Sum OF YOLTAGE: UNSIGNED YQLTAGE. SIGNED VOLTAGE

In case of UNSIGNED VOLTAGE option, the primary voltage will be given at the end of
the measurement in absolute value, whatever the polarity of the MN actual voltage is
compared to that of the AD current.
In case of SIGNED VOLTAGE option, the sign of the voltage/intensity ratio (that is to say
of (UM-UN)/IAB) will be affected to the value of the primary voltage and also to that of
the resistivity
. Generally, the answer to this question can be: UNSIGNED VOLTAGE.

TYPE OF GRID

UNIT: METRIC GRID. lJ\:fPERIAL GRID

In case a metric grid is selected, the spacings will have to be introduced in meters, the
apparent resistivity value will be computed in ohm-meters (m the same way if the spacings
are introduced in feet, the resistivity will be computed in ohm-feet).
In case an imperial grid is selected, the spacings will have to be introduced in feet and the
apparent resistivity will be computed in ohm-meters. (RECALL: 1 foot = 30.4Scm)
Generally, the answer to this questioncan be METRIC.

21

4.1. LINE LENGTHS INTRODUCTION (SPACING KEy)

After the selection of the electrode array has been done with the E-ARRA Y key, one must:
- introduce the lengths of the lines so that the instrument can compute the apparent
resistivity value after the measurement has been taken. Also station and line numbers
can be introduced;
This operation is possible by pressing' the SPACING key, the asked parameters are
mentioned for each electrode array with their definition in table 4.
The narne of the parameter to be introduced is displayed on the LCD. Key in its value
with the numeric keyboard. In case a wrong number is introduced, press the backspace
key (" -E-") which clears the last figure displays.
When the value has been correctly
introduced, press "ENTER" and introduce the value of the next parameter.
For example. for the Scblumberger sounding:

AB/2 = 5
MN/2 = 1
LINE = 17

ENTER
ENTER
ENTER

(in this case, the line number can be the number of the sounding.
value is 999).

The maximum allowed

The first geometrical parameter displayed is the one that changes most during successive
measurements: the parameters that do not change from one measurement to the following
one do not have to be re-introduced. Just press ENTER to confirm their values .
.-,".;'

22

ELECTRODE ARRAY

--

GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS

'; '10ipole dipole

XC

XP

LINE

,;Pole dipole

XC

XP

LINE

XC

LINEe

LINE P .

CP

XP

LINE

AB/2

AB/2

MNI2

LINE

OPT 1

,Pole pole
'"

, Grad rectgl
Schlum ves

..

Schlum prfl

ABI2

MN/2

LINE'

Wenner ves

AB/3

LINE'

OPT 1

OPT 2

Wenner prfl

AB/3

LINE

OPT 1

Hole surf.

REF

LINE X

LINEY

MN/2

Other

OPT 1

OPT 2

OPT 3

Table 4: Geometrical parameters dermitionSfor the available electrode arrays

For further details concerning these configurations, refer to the geophysical annex.
ABI2: balf-distance between A and B. transmission electrodes.
ABI3: a third oCthe distance between A and B.
MNI2: balf-distance between M aod N.
D:
length of MN dipole. Indipole-dipole corDmonlength of dipoles. In grad rectgl, D can be positive or
negative and sets the position of N ( I D I ...IMN I).
.
X:
abcissa of the center of MN. the direction is AS aod the origin is 0 an arbitrary point of AB line.
LINE: float number allowing a distinction between two profiles during storage. InGrad rectgl, LINE is the
ordinate of potential electrodes. The origin 0 is me middle of AS (abcissa axis Ox co AS line).
XC:
abcissa of the nearest injection electrode from the MN dipole.
CP:
distance from B to M for the pole-pole (elecuodes A and N considered very far)
XP:
- in dipole-dipole and pole-dipole, abcissa of the nearest receiving electrode. from the AS dipole;
- in grad-rectgl.,abcissa ofM receiving electrode.jhe origin 0 is the middle of AS and the abcissa
axis Ox is the AS Jine.
UNE C: float number allowing a distinction between different profiles of C (for pole-pole lateral).
LINE P: float number allowing a distinction between different profiles of P (for pole-pole lateral).
LINE X: float number in the X direction allowing to parameter the common point N of the potential dipoles
MNandM'N
LINEY: float number in the Y direction allowing to parameter the common point N of the potential dipoles
M N and M' N.
.

REF:
Hole surf. electrode amy uses two perpendicular dipoles; REF serves to distinguish between the
dipoles during a storage.In "Hole surf , the geometrical factor K is taken arbitrarily at 1000.
OPT 1: float number (optional) defined by the operator as be wants.
..
OPT 2: float number (optional) defined by the operator as be wants.
OPT 3: float number (optional) defined by the operator as be wants.
K:
geometrical factor.

23 '

When the electrode array is changed, the geometrical parameters are re-lnitializedto zero.
In that case, it is necessary to re-introduce all the parameters whether the new electrode
array selected is the same as thatpreviouslyused or' not.
The "metric" reminds that the length should be introduced in meters; the "imperial"
indication reminds that the lengthshouldbe introduced.in feet (see configurationfunction
3.6.).
In the "other" array, .the operatorhas to introduceby himself the geometricalcoefficientof
the array he si using (K =...). This option can be used for instance in case of downhole
measurements with short normal (spacing 16 inches, K = 5. 11m) or long normal (spacing
64inches, K =20.43m) arrays. (Recall I inch'= 2.54 cm)
!he OPT I, OPT 2.. parametersare optionalparameters that the operatorcan define as he
wants.

4.2. CHECK OF GROUNDRESISTANCE (Rs CHECK KEy)

Before transmitting current,it is advisable to check that the four electrodesare correctly
connected to the instrument. The ground resistance of the electrodescan be checked by
pressing the Rs CHECK key. "PRESS Rs BUTfON" means that the operatorbas to press
successively the push buttons A, B and M located on the right side of the corresponding
plugs. When pressing A for instance,the ground resistance of the circuit (A, N) will be
measured in kohm. For instance: Rs = 12.21kO.
In the same way the ground resistanceof (B, N) and (M, N) circuits can be checked. If
the value of the resistance is greaterthan IMO, the display will be: "LINE OPEN". If you
want to measure (AB) groundresistance,intervertB and N wires from B and N front panel
plugs. Then by checking the ground resistanceof A electrode, you'll measureAB ground
resistance. Of course, B and N w.iresmust be replaced in their-correspondingplugs after
that. It is recommended to operate with the lowest possible values of groundresistances,
both for A, B and for M, N electrodes. A 4kOis a good value; 20kOshouldbe considered
as a value which should not be exceeded.
I

24

Please note that the self potential is automatlcally compensated during the earth circuit
resistance measurement.

4.3. SELECTION OF OUTPlIT VOLTAGE

. The selection of the output voltage is carried out on the power source of the SYSCAL R2
.
'
(DCIDC or AClDe converter, dry cells..); once this voltage has been selected, the
intensity of the current which will be driven into the ground is the ratio of this voltage by
the ground resistance of the At B,. circuit (see 4.2.).
In case of a Schlumberger sounding, it is recommended for the first measurements that

correspond to small transmitting lines to use a low output voltage so that not to overload the
input channel of the unit, specially if the ground is higbIy resistive. During the following
measurements, it is advisable to increase the output voltage so as to obtain the highest .level
signal. and then the best quality measurement-.
It is also advisable, when the measurement becomes noisy, to drivethe electrodes more into

the ground so as to obtain a higher intensity of current for a given output voltage, and then
a higher amplitude of the signal to be measured.

4.4. NOISE MONITORING (MONITOR KEy)

It is possible to control the level of noise between the receiver electrodes (M and N) before

the measurement by pressing the MONITOR key. This function features a voltmeter
function. The value of the voltage coming from the ground without the unit transmitting
any signal will be displayed in mV. This value is continually updated and permits to check
the value of the noise (natural or cultural) observed. TO eliminate the self potential value
(DC value) it is possible to press the ENTER lcey. Then, the relative value will be
displayed, that is to say the difference between the observed voltaze and the referp.nl"p.
value.
INPUT = -O.6mV
Press ENTER : INPUT = O.OmVREL
(RECALL : Max input voltage = sv)
For instance:

To come back to the absolute value, press BNTBR uam.

25

4.5. START/STOP OF l\1EASUREMENTS

4.5.1 Transmitter-receiver mode

. To start the injection of current press the START key. The display becomes:
'{.

-.

SP 3mV
PROCESSING

SP is the Self Potential value observed at the beginning of the measurement.

PROCESSING followed by the dashes means that the first pulses of current are being
transmitted. This message is displayed during three pulses. The current is injected until
the F1JNCT/STOP key has been pressed (up to 250 increments for Rx-Tx modes, 4000
increments in Tx mode). Pressing the FUNcr/STOP key will stop the measurement at the
end of the running half cycle.

4.5.1.1. Tx-Rx frequency domain

In the FREQUENCY DOMAIN mode (Tx-Rx frequency domain) the following information

is displayed during the acquisition :

V = 26.4
q= 0

I = 13.5
#3

where:
V
I

q
#

is the voltage measured between M and N, in mV

is the intensity of current transmitted between A and B, in rnA
is the standard deviation of the ratio VII, that is to say also the standard deviation of
the resistivity, expressed in percent
is the number of pulses (stacks)

26

:.The display will change, at each.new pulse, with values of V and I which can be slightly

~~differenfifthere Is some noise in the'measurement,

"

....

.".

....,.

r,

To stop the injection of current and measurement, press the FUNCT/STOP key and the

measurement will stop at the end of the running half cycle ( 1 half cycle = 1 x TIME ).
Then, by pressing the RESULT key, one obtains:

V = 26.371 SP

=0

I = 13.46
where:
V

I
SP

is the average value of the voltage,in mV

is the average value of the intensity,,in rnA
is the self potential value at the beginningof the measurement, in mV

To know the resistivity value, press the "ENTER" key:

R,O = 304.6 ohm.m

Q = 0

Where:
RO
Q

is the apparent resistivityvalue computedfrom the previous V and I values, in

ohm.m
is the standard deviationof the resistivity(noise indicator) in percent

It is then possible to' recall the values of the potential and of the current by pressing the

ENTER key again.

If the current overcomes 2000mA, the message "OVERCURRENT" is displayed.

In
that case, the operator has to decrease the, output voltage or tho increase the ground
resistance of the current electrodes,and measureagain.

27

the message "** OVERLOAD ** V > 5 Volt II is

displayed. In that case, the operator has to decrease the output voltage, to increase the
ground resistance of the current. electrodes or to decrease the length ofMN.

It the voltage overcomes 5

v.,

If the geometrical parameters have not been introduced before the measurement, the
apparent resistivity is not computed and the message "RO = ****" is displayed. It is then
possible to introduce the parameters (SPACING key) and read the value of resistivity
(RESULT key) without having to make a new measurement .

. 4.5.1.2.

Tx-Rx time dQmain

In the TIME DOMAIN mode (Tx-Rx time domain), the same operating procedure has to be
applied as for the FREQUENCY DOMA~..
However the displays will be slightly
different, since in the TIME DOMAIN the induced polarization parameters are also
.measured.
During ,the measurement, the display is:

V = 26.42 I = 13.00
m = 58
q=O
The parameters have the same meaning as in the FREQUENCY DOMAIN mode; m is the
global apparent chargeability, that is to say the weighted average value of the partial
apparent chargeability values. The unit of m is mV/V (= %.).
To stop the acquisition press the FUNCT/STOP key and the measurement will stop at the
end of the running half cycle ( 1 half cycle = 2 x TIME).
Then by pressing the
RFSUL T key, one obtains:

V = 26.49
I = 13.00

SP

=0

,28

By pressing the ENTER key, one obtains:

RO ;. 306.2 'ohm.m
Q = 0 ..
M == 57.9

where M is the weighted average value of the average partial apparent chargeabilities
Ml,M2 ... displayed hereunder(see;3.4.3.). The unit ofM is mV/V (= %0).
By pressing the ENTER key again, one obtains:
Ml

= 284.0

M3 = 46.6

M2

= 148.0

M4 = 6.6

where MI, M2, M3 and M4 are the four average values of the partial apparent
chargeabilities,expressedin %o{mV/V).
If the PRESET
TIMES option has been selected, four partial chargeability values are
,

availablein the 2 secondsinjection time hypothesis(MI, M2, M3, M4), while three partial
chargeabilityvalues only are availble in the 1 secondinjection time hypothesis (Ml, M2,
M3), and two partial chargeability values only are available in the 0.5 second injection
bypthesis (Ml, M2). The width of these IP windowsare in table 1.
By pressing the ENTER key again, it is possible to come back to the
RESULT function.

ru-st display of the

30

4.6 GLOBAL REl\'lARKS ABOUT DISPLAYED VALUES

- During tI,e acqllisition
. In case the "RUNNING VALUES" option has been selected in the CONFIG function,
the displayed values of the voltage and of the current intensity are : v and i instead of
respectively V and I (used for CUMULATIVE VALUESoption) to remind that they
correspond torunning values.
. The SYSCALR2 has an "intelligent initiative" during the measurement:
When the signal is greatly disturbed by noise, the message "NOISE OR ERROR TIME"
is displayed, the current data are kept and the measuring process is tried again. This
operation avoids bad quality measurements and permits working to loose no time by
keeping the running data. The SYSCAL R2 ,will go on measuring when the working
conditions will be correct.

- After tI,e acquisition :

I

In case the "NORMALIZED VALUES" option has been selected in the CONFIG
function, the displayed values by the RESULT function about the apparent chargeabilityN,
Nl, N2, N3, N4 instead of respectively M, MI, Ml, M3, M4 (used for RAW VALUES
option) to remind that they correspond to normalizedvalues.
Please note that the Normalized chargeability values and the Raw chargeability values can
be displayed for a measurement with the RESULT function or with the MEMORY/READ
option ( in case of stored data reading ) only by selecting the corresponding option ( RAW
VALUES or NORMALIZED VALUES). In case of data transfer, one must care to select
the wanted option before the operation: for instance if the' operator wants to print Raw
chargeability values, he has to select the RAW VALUES optionbefore the transfer.

31

The operations concerning the internal memory of SYSCAL R2 are controlled by the
MEMORY and SERIAL LINK keys.
With the MEMORY key, it is possible to STORE a reading, to READ a reading previously
stored and to CLEAR the internal memory. Use the UP and DOWN keys to move inside
the menu. Figure 4, shows these different ~,ssibilities.
With the SERIAL LINK key, it is possible to transfer the data to a printer or a computer
and to control the SYSCALR2 through a computer.

5.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEMORY

The instrument features a work area, a reading zone and a memory devided into 1022
i
storage zones.
In the work area, the operator can perform all the functionsdescribed in parts 3 and 4.
In the reading zone, it is possible to read a readingpreviouslystored.
The reading of a storage zone doesn t ~elete the previous work area. So it is possible to
read a memorized data without loosing the work data zone. Accordingly, it is impossible
to delete or change any value for a stored measurement.
I

All operations using the memory must be validatedby pressing ENTER key.
This memory structure is displayedin the figure 5.

32

STORE

READ

CLEAR

Fig. 4: Memory function options

1
V,I,M,

V DLY,
M:DLY, .

STORE

WORK AREA

1-1

STORE INDEX

READ

INDEX

J+1
READ
V,I,M,

V DLY,
M:DLY,

1021
1022

READAREA
Fig. 5: Introduetlon of instrument functional data zones

STORAGE

ZONE

33

5.2. STORING A READING (M:EMORY KEY)

Select the STORE option of the MEMORY key by pressing ENTER key when the arrow
.is in front of the STORE line. .The display is:

>

RANGE 1/1022
Store #34

The first line of the display reminds that the memory can accept a total of 1022 readings.
The second line indicates in which memory location the current set of data will be stored if
the .ENTER key is pressed (#34 in this example), In order to facilitate the storage, this
index is automatically incremented after each ~ew storage; however, it can be modified at
any time, if required, by pressing the backspace key (~),
then by introducing the new
number with the numeric keyboard and finally by pressing the ENTER key.
I

After the ENTER key has been pressed, the display:

DATA STORED IN #34

confirms that the data have been stored in memory location 34. Each set of data stored
includes the type of array used, the lengths of the lines, the voltage, the intensity, the self
potential, the four IP chargeability windows, the standard deviation; the time parameters
(pulse duration, window times... ). The apparent resistivity value and the global apparent
chargeability value are not stored, since they can be easily recomputed from the other stored
parameters.

* Trying to store a measurement in a memory zone already full by changing the number
during the STORE operation, involves such a display:
Clear previous data?
Yes: enter; No: change

34

..then the operator answers but let's note that the storage of measurements in this memory
_already full (by pressing the ENTER key) deletes the data set previously stored in this
.memory zone .
.._* The microprocessor board of SYSCAL R2 includes a ten years long life lithium battery .
..This battery saves the data in the memory when the dry cells are taken out of the instrument
. to be replaced.

5.3. READING A STORED MEASUREMENT (MEMORY KEy)

It is possible to display data which have been previously stored in the internal memory,
.through the READ option of the MEMORY function.
Press ENTER key whenthearrow is in front of the READ line. The display becomes:
RANGE 111022
Read #15
The index (#15 in the example) indicates the number of the memory location the data of
which have previously been recalled through a READ procedure.
This index is
automatically incremented at the end of each reading ; however it can be modified at any
time, if required, by pressing the backspace key --), then by introducing the new number
with the numeric keyboard and finally by pressing the ENTER key.
The index used with the STORE and READ procedures are completely independent.
After the ENTER key has been pressed, all the information corresponding to the set of data
recalled can be scrolled by successively pressing the ENTER key. In case the operator
wants to visualize raw or normalized chargeability values, he has only to select the
corresponding option ( RAW VALUES or NORMALIZED VALUES in the CONFIG.
function).
The apparent resistivity and global apparent chargeability, although not stored
in the memory, are re-computed and displayed in the READ procedure.
If an attempt is made to read data in a memory zone where no data have been stored, the
message is:
Read # 120
no data

35

5.4. CLEARING THE MEl\fORY (MEMORY KEy)

Meinory can be completely deleted by using the CLEAR option of the MEMORY function.
C Sincethis operation is irreversible (after clearing the memory, all data are defmitevely lost),
t'jtimustbe petrormed with care. ".,

,.:,Pms the ENTER key when ;..

"ar

is in front of CLEAR. The display is:

JIIem.: <097>'

Press sucessively the 0, 9, - and 7 keys to erase the memory. Let's note that such an
operation doesn't affect thework zone which keeps its measurements.
To escape from the clearing procedure (when 'this clearing is not desired), press any key
(excepting sucessivelythe 0,9, - and 7 keys). .
In short, all MEMORY options are recapitulated in figure 6.

36

CLEAR

I
Read

> Clear

~nge
1/1022
(~tor. # S

IENTERt

IENTER t

I
Clr memo "<09-7>"

Range 1/1022
Read # 9S

r-------~-----,I

ENTER

I
in # S (ENTER

'\lI

I I

THE LOCATION
N* 95 IS
DISPLAYED

Clr mem aborted

press ENTER or FUNCT

THE LOCATION
NI 7 IS
DISPLAYED

o
I

QJ
C Clear

Data stored in # 3

previous data?
/-'.
YES:enter NO:change

IDO~lN

I
" YJata
. '\

stored

I
Memory cleared

~~----------------~
IENTERt

THE MEMORY
CONTENT IS
UNCHANGED

STORAGE OF 'rHE
MEASUREMENT IN
LOCATION Nil 3

THE MEMORY
IS WHOLLY
CLEARED.

I
in #3

Range 1/1022
Store # 10

AND SO ON

...
Fag.6: AvaUableoperations In the memory menu

37

5.5 TRANSFERRING TIlE DATA (SERIAL LINK KEy)

The data stored in the internal memory of the SYSCAL R2 can be transferred to a printer or
a microcomputer through a RS232 link. ,This function is controlled by the SERIAL LINK
key. The menu available atter this key has been pressed is the following one (use the UP
and DOWN keys to move inside the menu): BAUD RATE, PRINTER, TRANSFER TO
PC, DUMP HEXA, REMOTE.
The diagram named "SYSCAL R2 connections" (annex 4) shows the different possible
connections with the SYSCAL R2.

SERIAL

LINK

.
.
BAUD RATE

PRINTER

TRANSFER
TO PC

DUMP

REMOTE

HEXA
1

1192001

48001

196001

11200

1300)

12400J

I
IXONIXOFF

IBLOCKj

6001

Fig.7 : Menu of tbe SERIAL LINK function

5.5.1. Baud rate

BAUD RATE is used to set up the transmission speed of the data sent through the serial
link. Press ENTER key and select the transmission speed using the UP and DOWN keys,
then press ENTER key. Speeds available are 19200, 9600, 4800, 2400, 1200, 600, 300
bauds. Please note that the other characteristics of the link are the standard ones: format =
8 bits; 1 stop bit; no parity; ASCII characters; XON-XOFF protocole,

38

5.5.2. Printer
This option permits to output the data stored.in the internal memory of SYSCAL R2 to a
,printer.
The transmission conditions (serial link meeting RS232 standard) must be the

trollowing:

'

printer with a serial link

speed: choose in the BAUD RATE option the same as the one of the printer
format: 8 bits, 1 stop,' no parity.
ASCII character
XONIXOFF procedure

OPERATING procedure of the PRINTER option:

Turn off the SYSCAL R2 and the printer
Connect the instruments by the connecting cable delivered with the resistivitymeter.
Note: printers have a socket serial connector, so a collecting adapter: SUBD2S plug
connector - SUBD2S plug connector is also delivered.

Tum on both instruments

Press the SERIAL LINK key
It displays:
Serial Function:
Baud Rate
Select the BAUD RATE OPTION (UP and DOWN keys)
Press the ENTER key to validate it
It displays:
Baud Rate:
19200

39

Select the requested value (UP-DO\VN keys): the same as the one of the printer. The most
.often used is 9600 and sometimes 12000 bauds.
>i'li,dispJays:.'
Serial Function:
Baud Rate,
Select PRINTER (UP and DOWN keys)
Validate with ENTER
It displays:
Range 111022
First #1
Introduce the memory number of the first point to.print (for instance 15)
Press ENTER
It displays:
Range 15/1022
last #1022
Introduce the memory number of the last point to print (for instance 30)
Validate ENTER key
Then the SYSCAL R2 transmits the selected memory points (from 15 to 30) with the same
format as during a LCD display (see annex 5).
Let's note that the admited values are always displayed (Range message) and the default
values are 1 and 1022.
More details are given on possible problems concerning data transfer or connections, in
annex 4.

:40.
;".

_"

___

5~5.3.Transfer tri; PC
Transfer to PC option is for the output of the data stored in the internal memory of
SYSCAL R2 to a personal computer.
The PC must be equiped of a serial port for the serial link meeting RS 232-C standard.

Remark:
Most of PC have a SUBD 25 plug connector serial port. Some PC are equiped of a
SUBD 9 plug connector, so a connecung adapter: SUBD 25 plug. connector - SUBD
9 socket connector is delivered with the SYSCAL R2.
The transmission conditions and the operating procedure are quite the same as the
PRINTER option ones. The only difference is the choice of TRANFER TO PC instead of
PRINTER.
E-TX software transmits data from the SYSCAL R2 to the PC by ASCII file (with the
option TRANSFER TO PC) or by binary file (with the option DUMP HEXAlXONXOFF).
Advice on possible transmission or connecting problems is noted in Annex 4.

5.5.4 Dump hexa

This option permits the transfer of data stored in SYSCAL R2 memory in a binary mode,
with the E-TX program. This transmission toward a PC or a console is performed with the
serial link cable delivered with the instrument. Two choices are available:
- XON/XOFF transmission by XON/XOFF procedure,
- BLOCK' transmission by data blocks.
Please consult annex 4 in order to have more details.

41

5.5.5. Remote
With REMOTE, the SYSCAL R2 can be controlled from a PC or a console possessing a
serial link meeting RS232-C standard. This connection by the serial link cable may need
the connecting adapter: SUBD 2S plug connector . SUBD 2S plug connector delivered with
SYSCAL R2. The PC or console will be called the controller in the following discussion.
'This one has ~mperatively to feature the following characteristics:
- possessing a serial link (RS232-C standard)
- speed : 19200 Bauds
- fonnat : 8 bits, 1 stop, no parity
- ASCn character
- XONIXOFF procedure

Implementation:
Connect the instruments by the connecting cable
Configure the controller with the above parameters
Validate the REMOTE option in the SERIAL LINK function (up, DOWN and ENI'ER
keys)
Jt displays:

* REMOTE

Baud rate: 19200

Now the SYSCAL R2 is controlled from the keyboard and the screen of the controller.
The SYSCAL R2 functions are accessible on the console keyboard by pressing the
.- corresponding numerical keys. This correspondance between the SYSCAL R2 functions
and the console keys is mentioned in table S.
To QUIT the control of the SYSCAL R2 by the console, press the Q key.

42

CORRESPONDING
CONTROLLER KEY

FUNCTION

..

. RESULT (0)

,
;

B{ARRA Y (1) .

SPACING (2)

SETUP (3)

MODE (4)

Rs CHECK(S)

BATT (6)

CONFIG (7)

7.

SERIAL LINK (8)

MEMORY (9)

MONITOR(.)

START (-)

FUNCTSTOP

Esc or F

ENTER

ENTER

UP
DOWN ( ..-)
to quit the
controller

U
D or Backspace

Table S: Correspondance between the SYSCAL R2 functions and the console keys.

47

This annex is composed of three parts : Description of electrodes arrays, IP chargeability

and the, d!fferences between ~w Values and Nonnalized Values options of the
;;CONFIO. function.
"

t,(M)

,I. DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRODE ARRAYS

1.1. General
The methods ror measuring the subsurface resis~vity by' DC current injection are all 'based
on the same principle:
a current is sent in the ground through two electrodes (denoted A and B),
the current creates an equipotential distribution making it possible to measure a potential
difference between two other electrodes (denotedM and N),
an apparent resistivity is then defined by: Ro = K VII where K (geometric factor) only
depends on the geometric array of the electrodesin the field and is expressed by:

The different configurations only differ by the position of the electrodes with K assuming a
more specific expression.

REMARK:
Below the X axis ts defined as the AB axis, the Yaxis is directly perpendicular to AB
and origin 0 is specified lor each configuration.

48

1.2. Dipole-Dipole
This array combines the profiling and sounding aspects in so far as it serves to analyse the
variations in resistivity for different investigation depths along the profil:

1<-- D -->1
MC')
I

> x

1<-- D --->1
HC')
I

KC')
It.

CC)A

.CC, 0
I

'. 1<---- IC ---I<-~--~-----XP -----------------

>x

D is a positive number and only sets the lengths of the dipoles: D = AB = l\1N. The

position of the other potentialelectrode is given by the sign of (XP-XC).

One obtains: if M(XP), then N(XN) with XN = XP + I D I x [sign(XP-XC)).
The origin 0 is taken at any fixed point. The AB transmissionand MN reception dipoles
have the same length D and profiling is performed by MN for the same position of AB.
Profiling is continued by moving AB (generally by a distanceD) and then MN for the new
position of AB.
By setting nD as the distancebetween the midpoints of the two dipoles, we have:
K = l' Dn (n2 - 1)

49

1.3. Pole-dipole
Electrode A is placed sufficiently f~ to be able to ignore AM-l and AN-I,
s6: K 2'X'/(BM-I -BN';!)
"

D is a positive number and only sets the lengths of MN :D = :MN. The position of the
other potential electrode is given by the sign of (XP-XC),
One obtains: if M(XP). then N(XN) with XN = XP + I D I x [sign(XP-XC)],

1<-- D ->1
~OI~<_-_A~(C~)

. :::::

xc

~1'_~_'

('_J~KI~

_J~_(C_)

-==:-j -------->1

>x

1<---D --->1
If("

~")

. (C"

A(C)

1<--

<:----

-> 01 >.

xc ----

Xl --.------

1.4. Lateral pole-pole(POLE-POLE)

Electrodes B and N are rejected to infinity. This array can be considered as a profiling
array. It's performed by moving A and M electrodes in a perpendicular direction to the
deplacement line.

LINE P

<--B (C)
______________________

LINE C
\1/
~v~

A
* (C)

tcp

-------------*:::--

M (P)

- - - - - - - - -

= 2TCP

xc - - - - - .....- - - > I

(P) N

--->> x

50

1.5. Rectangle (GRAD!RECTGL)

The fixed electrodes AB are used for this configuration and MN is moved parallel to AB
inside azone located in the central part of AB. This array serves to observe variations in
resistivity on a surface for a relatively high investigation depth without the need to move the
current sending electrodes.
The origin 0 is selected at the center of AB.
The geometric parameters are in addition to a = AB/2 and D: I D I = I MN I .
D can be positive or negative and sets the position of N :'MFl=Dl.
XP abscissa of M (positive or negative)
LINE ordinate of the potential electrodes (M,N) (LINE: positive or negative)
K is expressed by:

AM = [ (xp + a)2 + LINE2 llh

AN = [ (xp + D + a)2 + LINE2 11h
BM = [ (xp - a)2 + LINE2 ]lJ~
BN= [(XP + D - a)2 + LlNE2 ]Ih

A (-a, 0)
B (+a, 0)
M (xp, LINE)

N (Xp+D, LINE)

REMARK:
The term Gradient is reservedfor the case in which the investigation is only
performed on AB.

'I

U4

LIIB-2
D-.2

~
--->1

LIIBl

AB/2-10

(H)

(H)
P

D
I

;.

oZ

'IP

ID

podth1
I

>x

'I

U.

(H)

(H)
P

1,1)(7;-2

D--2
AB/2-10

.~

LIql

1<---

o Z

ID1I~.th1
I

'IP

>x

51

1.6. Schlumberger sounding (SCHLUM VES) .

In this configuration MN is placed symmetrically at the center of AB and the origin 0 is
their common mid point
At each measurement, the current electrodes (A,B) are moved of AB/2 from O.

I <-----------

------,-----> 1<- b ->I

This array is designed to analyse the variations in resistivity with depth and the sounding is
, performed by increasing the length of the AB transmission line while keeping the center 0
fixed.
K then assumes a simplified expression (if AB/2

K = T(AM-l - A~l)
and by setting AB/2

> MNI2)

(symmetrical array)

= a and MN/2

= b:

K = T(a2-b2)l2b

In the case of the Schlumberger sounding MN is small in comparison with AB and K can be
treated as Ti,2/b
t:

52

1.7. Schlumberger profiling (SCHLUM PRFL)

The profiled array is designed to analyse lateral variations in resistivity by moving the four
i: electrodes along the X axis. The electrodes maintain constant relative positions (Identical
~..to those of SCHLUM VES) K is a constant of the profile.
,""

o A

Ml

Mid

. 1<....
--------- a ---------->1<J----------- X ------------->

->1
Mid

mid-point of
the a-array
Dispc displacement
of the e-array

Disp

~
s

-----'!.>I

Position 2
o~

A
-L

Ml
~~~-4

-L

I<----------

Mid

~ H

----------> I<- b -> I

B
~_>

I-----~--------------- ~ ------------------->

K is always K = '7(a2 - b2) 12b (if AB/2 > MN/2).

1.8. Wenner vertical electrical sounding (WENNER VES)

The Wenner sounding is a 4 pole vertical electrical sounding where MN = AB/3. In this
case, the geometrical coefficient is: K = 2'7(AB/3.

,53

1~9.Wenner profiling (WENNER PRFL)

:':,Thefour electrodes of the Wenner array (see WENNER VES) are moved together along the
X axis
.The geometrical coefficient K remains constant along the profiling axis.

1.10. Buried electrode (HOLE SURF)

Used to determine the directions of extensions of polarizable zones.

With electrode B lowered in. a borehole and electrode A rejected to infinity the potential is
measured on two perpendicular dipoles withcoordinates X and Y (0 being the borehole).
y

p
(M)

LINE X

The type characterizes the angular orientation of the MN reception dipole (this can simple
be 1 or 2).
In this configuration the value of K is taken arbitrarily at 1000.

54

2. IP CHARGEABILITY (M)
, In a polarizing formation the voltage VMN does not immediately fall to zero after stopping
~"transmission of the AB current, The ch~g~bility M is then defined by:

'J

K_END,'V dt

'J' K_END

K -----'------M.ND
_
VMNdt

V <it

K_DLY

K_DLY

VMH (N_END .. K_DLY)

M_DLY

" CURRENT TRANSMISSION

1<---->1
I
K DLY
1<-=--- ....K_END .. ---.;.->1
Where VMN is the primary voltage established during the current sending.

5S

3. DIFFERENCES BET\VEEN RA\V VALUES AND NORMALIZED VALUES

These options are selected inthe CONFIG function.

The RAW VALUES option corresponds to raw values of the chargeability (ratio of
decay curve to primary voltage).
The NORMALIZED option corresponds to chargcability values normalized with
respect to a standard decay curve and with respect to the injection time. The reference
value is the weighted average chargeability (M) obtained with a 2s injection time, a delay
time of 160ms and an integration time of 120 + 220 + 420 + 820 = 1580 ms.
In case of Raw Values, the decay IP curve can be directly observed on the values of
chargeability.
In case of Normalized Values, the same value of chargeability should be observed on
all the windows provided the measured curve corresponds to the commonly observed IP
curve.
In any case (Raw or Normalized) the chargeability values are referred to the primary
voltage and the window width, and expressed in mVN.
For practical reasons, this option is only available in the preset window modes.

\ 11' .~

TIME 2000 rna

LOGARITHMIC MODE

I.

I
vp

I
1.

1<--->1<-->1<------>1<------------->1<----------------------------->1
160 120
220
420
820
1<--->1<----------------------------------------------------------->1
160
1580
Reference standard for the, Nonnalized Values option

28

56

So, in order to normalize the data obtained with various injection and integration
times, each raw chargeability value is multiplied by a given coefficient. A table of
. coefficients permits to convert raw values into normalized values, and vice versa. This table
< should be usefulfor homogenizing time domain IP data.
.. ,.
,',

';"';:

TIME

500 ms

R->N

N->R

1.32

0.76

MI

1.06

M2

1.47

TIME= 1000 ms

R->N

N->R

1.16

0.86

0.94

Ml

0.72

0.68

M2
M3

TIME

2000 ms

R->N

N->R

1.0

1.0

1.38

Ml

0.51

1.95

1.02

0.98

M2

0.67

1.
50

1.53

0.66

M3

0.95

1.05

M4

1.43

0.70

TABLE OF C01\TVERSION COEFFICIEl\'TS

FOR RA w (R) AND NORMALIZED (N) CHARGEABll..ITY

"N- > R" is the coefficient transforming the normalized values into the raw values:

RAW VALUE == "N_ > R" coefficient x NORMALIZED VALUE

"R_ > N" is the coefficient transforming the raw values into the normalized values:
NORMALIZED VALUE
For example:

= "R_> Nil coefficient

x RAW VALUE

.TIME = 500 ms
the Tx Rx time domain option has been selected in the MODE function
the PRESET TIMES option has been selected in the SET UP function
the RAW VALUES option has been selected in the CONFIG. function

:~':t28:O~~~Jy:f,
.Mf == 33.9.mVN~

.M2 ~ 2'.5 invtv

'In;order to compute. the corresponding normalized values <NtNIand N2);usethe itR~>N
.,coefficients in the table fot T... 500 ms, .
.

We obtain: .. N
Nf
>

M x 1.32,

=>

=- Mixt'.06

='>

:=

N2 .;

M2 x 1.47 ==>

."

N'i=:40.0mV/V'
Nt- 36.0rriV/V ....
N2 -:'37.5 mVIV '

In order to check these va1u~, select the NORMAUZED VAl..UES option of the
CONPlG. function and the displayed IP values (Nt NI. N'2) will CQrrespond to jhe
cOmputed valUes,' just. above. it.

58

,- Put 6 D-siz.e dry cells in battery case

Connect A, B, M, N wires to corresponding unit terminals

I .;

\-'Plug high voltage cord to power source (max 800V) (red: + ; black: -)
\

FUNCflON

KEY TO PRESS

DISPLAY

REMARKS

see

PI

Unit swiCch on TumON/OFP

switch

..

SYSCAL R2 (V 9.3)

...;.0.'

OPERATIONS carried out at the beginning of a survey

\

Battery check

Current
Waveform

SelectioD
oftimo

batteries - 8.4SV
capacity - 87 ~

Battery voltage (V):

9.0 - Dew batteries
S.6 - batteries to be cbaoged

MODE
DOWN

Tx-'Rx time domain

Tx-onJy time domain

10

DOWN

Tx-Rx freq, domain

choice of the instrument use:

trao.smitter-receiver
or IransmiUcr oo1y
measurements nature:
ooJy Ro or M and Ro

SETUP

timing selection:
p~timcI
programmable times

BAIT

DOWN

parameten

l Array

selection

t
~
~

:.

B-ARRAY
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN

j Setectioa of
CONFIO
~ c:batacteriz.atoc:
..
~ panmeten

"

DIPOLE-DIPOLE
POLE-DIPOLE
POLE-POLE

selection of time parametera:

T. V-DLY. M-DLY and

IP windows widths

GRADRECTGL
SCHLUMVES
SCHLUMPRFL
WENNERVES
WENNERPRFL

19

IPB~D
OrnER
CONFIO. functioo:
WRITS
RECAll coofig.

coa.fi,.
EDIT coofi,.

rout sIored coofilUratiOlll

are possible plus the default one
19

59

, OPERATIONS carried out at each measurement

"

FUNCI10N

DISPLAY

KBY TO PRBSS

REMARKS

sec

PI
Introduction

of geometrical

.~

parameters

SPACING
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER

(SCHLUM YES)
ABIl- 10
MNIl-2
Line .. 1
opU .. 0

introduce the leagth (meters

or feet/metric or imperial)
and optiool(numbers
to determine the soundiogs

Rsehcck
A. thea B. M

press Rs button
Rs .. 3.00Kohm

ground resistance between A

27
and reference electrode (N)
Rs - Line open jfR.s > IMohm

Line check
--

ISP-O
ProeessiD, __ ..:

START

Sp: S.P. value (mV)

V: UMN(mV)
i: iAB (mA) ,
m: global apparent dJargeability
29
in mVN-'fo.
q: standard deviation of Ro ('fo)
I: Dumber of pulses

i ...
6.6
V -= 3.70
q=O 11
m-I

Current
injection

23

STOP

of

Sp .. 0

RESULT

V- 3.724
1- 6.62

ENTER

Ro - 11.8ohm.m
M-O.3
Q-O

ENTER

MI .. O.S
M3 - 0.1

Display

V: aVUI,e UMN(mV)
Sp: S.P. value (mV)
I: JAB(mA)
Ro: Ro(ohm.m)
30
M: global chargeability (~
Q: standard deviation ofRo ('fo)
MI. Mlt M3: partial
dJar,eabilitics in mVN.. 'fo.

results

Storage

I
I

MEMORY
ENTER

or data

~=ry

ENTER

M2"

(uoctioo

0.3

data stored in memory

zone n 508
Index i.ocreases automatically
unless a DOW number is
introduced (max 1022)

Range 1/1022
sCorelS08

Idlta sCoredin 1S08

Read or data

I~:ry

MEMORY
ENTER
ENTER

display previous data,

ti.mc parametus. B-array.
and typo of domain

fuoctioo

..

1=~012

38

40

60

TABLE OF SYSCAL R2 ERROR MESSAGES

TROUBLE
WARNING
LOW BAT

CHECK

DESCRIPTION
If the diplayecl value is Jess than S.6V.
the internal batteries are di~harged.
It happens when START key is pressed

Check Vcells (BA11) and envisage the .

change of the internal batteries.

.Power failed

Displayed at the start if Vcells < 4.SV

No measurement Can be performed

Change the internal batteries

Read #206
no data

No data has been stored in the memory ,

segment recalled

Check the number of the segment to be

recalled

OVER CURRENT

The intensity of current lAB is

greater than the maximumum
allowable value (2.0 A)

Decrease output voltage UAD or

increase ground resistances RA and RB

EMERGENCY
INTERRUPT

.If "Rs CHECK- is pressed du~g

a measurement
.Internal overheat

.Stop pressing Rs check key

The voltage UMN is equal or greater

than the allowable value (Vmax - SV)

Decrease the intensity of current by

decreasing output voltage VAD or by
increasing ground resistances RA and
RB; or decrease the length MN if
possible

The apparent resistivity is not

computed because the geometrical
parameters have not been introduced
or have been cleared after the
operator has pressed the E-ARRAY
(to modify the electrical amay)
There may be a connecting problem

.Introduce or re-introduce the

geometrical parameters. Press the
Result key; the apparent resistivity
is then computed with the values
lAB and UMN of the last measurement

FLOATING
EXCEPTION

Internal compute error

Check the introduced parameters

(geometrical and time parameters)

Rs ... LINE OPEN

JfRs> IMohm
(Rs: ground resistance)

Check the connection of the electrodes

OVERLOAD
V > S Volt

Ro

Wait a few minutes. the instrument will

newly switch on alone

.Check the connection of the electrodes

_________

_______ .n _____

61

TROUBLE

DESCRIPTION

CHECK

Measured values
of lAB and UMN
are very weak

The current is no~driven properly and

consequentely the measurement of UMN
voltage is wrong

.Check the connection of A, B, M, N

electrodes using tho Rs check key and a
refemlu electrode
.Cheek the internal batterieS (Batt key)
Cheek tho output voltage source with
a voltmeter in parallel with the source
before and during the injection of
current
Che,ck the circuit breaker is ON

Measured values
of UMN are not
stable

Tho natural noise is strong or the signal

UMN to be measured is weak

Increase the intensity of current lAB by

increasing the output voltage UAB or
by decuasina the ground resistance
RA and RB.
Make s:tackings of measurements
and use the average value.

,
The measured value In case of humidity I high output voltage
of UMN is stable
. UAB low signal to be measured UMN
but seems to be
and higb ground resistances RA, RB'
wrong
and RM, a leakage of the output voltage
may be observed on the signal. In this
case the measurements of UMN and UN}.I
obtained by interchanging the M and N
wires at tbe terminals of the equipement
are different
NOSIGNAL
or ERROR TIME
during the
measurement

.The transmitting signal is greatly

disturbed by noise

Decrease the ground resistance RM,

and also RA and RB as long as UMN is
different from UNM. Ifthe equalty
cannot be obtained, the average value of
UMN and UNM corresponds in first
approximation to the correct value of
the signal

.Wait a few seconds, tbe instrument will

go 00 measuring when conditions will
be corrected.
.Inthi~case current data are kept and
the measuring process is tried
again.

8-3.-C -

&..ixJ ,eN7;!
r:;UJ

2.-------.1

f!CY7f~

s/.50fL

r /cu:W?

rvU 'eM') U)fYI

R,2

62

In this annex, we give some recommendations to avoid and solve a few problems which
may happen. It is composed of two parts concerning the data transfer, and the connection
with a converter. The opposite figure shows the different connectionpossibilities.

4~1.SERIAL LINK DATA TRANSI?ER

With the instrument, are delivered:
-

1 operating manual,
1 serial link cable (RS 232 C serial link),
1 adapter: SUBD25 plug connector-SUBD25 plug connector,
1 adapter: SUBD9 socket connector-SUBD25 plug connector,
1 diskette with four data transfer programs (from the instrument to a microcomputer).

Now let's see the use of these parts and advice to avoid possible data transfer problems.

4.1.1. Transfer to a printer (SERIAL LINKIPRINTER function)

The printer must have a serial port. The serial link cable and the adapter SUBD25 plugSUBD25 plug are necessary for this connection.
Its configuration must be ; format: 8 bits, I stop bit, no parity, XON-XOFF protocole.
Select the right speed (SERIAL LINK, BAUD RATE function). Common printers speed
is 9600 Bauds but it happens to be 12000 Bauds.
If you loose a part of your measurements during printing, check that its protocole is XONXOFF (most of printers are configurated by switchs inside in order to determine the
protocole, the speed.).
And of course do not forget to check the connections.

63

FOUR 90 V.
DRY CELLS

BATTERY
CASK

110/220

v.

MOTOR
GENERATOR

90 V. DRY
CELLS PACK

125

or

250 W

CONVERTER

1200 W
CONVERTER

PRINTER
INTERNAL SUPPLY

*
*

SYSCAL R2

COMPUTER
B

H
CONSOLE

00 00
0000
0000
0000

SPOOL
SOO M

DESCRIPTION

COPPER
ELECTRODE

S.LINX CABLE
S.LINX CABLE
NON
3':-'

S.LINX CABL!

~~------------------~
r---

SPOOL
100M

ZABLE
ELECTROD!

H-----t--IPOLARI

BANANA PLUG

BANANA PLue - ALLIGATOR

CLIP CORD

c;

INOX
ELECTRODE

SYSCAL -HIGH VOLTAGE CORD

~~--------------------~
r
BANANA - BANANA CORl)

C
C:

MOTOR GENERATOR
CONVERTER' CORD

- 1200 II

SYSCAL R2 CONNECTIONS

64

.4.1.2. Transfer to a PC
The serial link cable and sometimesthe adapterSUBD9 socket-SUBD25plug are useful to
[connectthe SYSCAL R2 with a microcomputer(by its serial input)..
.

,:":

. The provided diskette encloses 4 programs, whichare:

* E:IX:

(E-TX:english, F-TX:french, G-TX:german) is a program that creates an

ASCII (or binary) file containing well documented data, with names of variables
followed by the values of variables. It includes the resistivity value, which is not
stored in the memory of the SYSCALR2 but which is recomputed. An example is
given in annex 5.

* TX-GR-E: (TX-GR-E:english, TX-GR-F:french) is a program that creates an

ASCII file in the OYO Me OHM format, usable with SERIEL program through the
OYO Mc OHM option. An exampleis given in annex 5.

* SERIEL:

is a program that creates a binary file directly usable with our GRIVEL
interpretation software. . To use this program, first use the TRANSFER function,
then the COMPUTE option, the FILES option and finally the EDlT option. The
advantage of this program is that in the EDIT option, you can modify the data if
. necessary.The binary files which are created with the SERIEL program can be read
through the LISTGP program, also includedin the floppy disk.

Transfer with E-TX program:

Connect the serial cable (.)

- Select the transmission speedin the BAUDRATE option (~)
- Start the E-TX program on the PC
- Select the same transmissionspeedwith E-TX
- Choose in E-TX, the serial port (COMl or COM2) connected to the serial
link cable
- Introduce the file name you choose(which is asked by E-TX)
- Wait for the message "RECEIVEREADY"is displayed on the PC screen to go on
- Validate the TRANSFER TO PC option (with the SYSCAL R2)
- Introduce the first point and validateit by pressing the ENTER key
- Introduce the last point to transferand validate it
and transfer is in progress.

(~l I(l')

l",)

65

. * Problem sources:
- Cables badly connected, thlsis the first point to check.
- The transmissionspeeds choosen with the,resistivitymeter and E-TX program' are
not the same.
- The cable is connectedon the COMl port of the PC for instance, and COM2 port
is selected in E-TX.
- The selectedport corresponds to the serial one used but a driver software is present
in this serial port (for instance a mouse driver on COMl or COM2). In such a
case, use the other port or remove the driver software.

* Note: Once the transfer is performed, if is easy to print the file with any UJi1itarysoftware
or simply with the PRINt MS-DOS command.

'

Use of TX-GR-E, SERIEL and LISTGP programs :

- TX-GR-E : tranfers data from SYSCAL R2 to a PC. One must select the SERIAL

LINK/DUMP HEXAI(XON/XOFF) option of SYSCAL R2 and then select rust and last
points for the transfer.Please, care to use the same transmission speed with TX-GR-E and
SYSCAL R2 (BAUDRATE option).This program only transfers measurements performed
with a SCHLUM VES or a WENNER VES electrode array. The created file is of
XXX.DAT type and can be read with TYPE MS DOS COMMAND.

Use of SERIEL :

- SERIEL : transforms a file created by TX-GR-E into a binary file directly usable with

GRIVEL interpretationsoftware. The operating procedureis the following one:

1)

- Select the "TRANSFER" function

- Validate the OYO Mc OHM option
,- Key in the directory of the source file
- Enter the name of the source file (for instance: IRIS.DAT)

66

2)

;3)

- Select the "COMPUTE" function

- Choose the type of soundin~s,(SCHLUMBERGERORWENNER)
- Follow the softwareinstructidris
- Select the "FILES" function
- Validate the "SAVEFILE" option
- Answer to the program questions

. The EDITfunction permits to read, modify, delete..

SERlEL createsfiles of*. VES type which can be read by LISTGP.

Use or LlSTGP :
- LISTGP : permits the reading of a binary file created by SERIEL.
The commandis: LISTGP file name.

4.1.3. Remote control (seriallink/remote)

To operate by remove control with a console for instance, it's necessary to use the serial
link cable and the adapter: SUBD25 plug-SUBD25 plug.
Check that the console has the following configuration : format : 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no
parity, and 19200 bauds.
And of course check the connections.

67

.4.1.4: Dump hexa

: The fQllowing. informations can be useful for such a transfer in binary mode, by using the
t-.- '. - . _::_ ',
{" ',' <-:",:"", . ", '
KE';'TX transfefptogram.
r..

W::::'.~;.i.\
~:.. .

'"

..

:',

'",':'
",

"

,,'

,,'

!',

~tQM:8 bits, 1 stop bit,-no parity, and 19 200bauds.

Xon/Xoff :

data will be transferred under Xon/Xoff

Block: one structure will be transferred after receiving Ox07 end of transmit Ox04
STRUC'l'UlW :

Datal:

Data2 :

Vp:

Short datal;
Short data2;
Float vp;
Float in;
Short m[4];
Short ps;
Short e;
Short nbr_cren;
Float g[4];
Short time;
Short vdly;
Short mdly;
Short tm[4];
Char mode;
Char el_array
NO DATA
STORED DATA
reserved
primary voltage (signed mV)

o
ffff

68

In :

current (rnA)

M(4): .

Windows (1..4) IP parts per 10000

ps:

self potential (mV)

e:

standafd..deviation
(ol Min Rx' 'triode)
(ofVp/ln %bfTx
Rxmode)
.
.
...
i
, ..

:
;

, Nbr-cren :

cycle number

0(4) :

spacing parameters (m or ft)

see el_array

Time:

duration (ms)

Vdly :

delay time before Vp (ms)

Mdly :

delay time before M (ms)'

Tm(4) :

windows timing T_Ml..T_M4 (ms)

Mode:

Tx Rx time domain
Tx_only time domain
Tx_Rx freq. domain

DIPOLE_DIPOLE

0
1

El_array:

POLE_DIPOLE
POLE_POLE
RECfANOLE

2
3

2
3

QP_VES

QP_llRF

W_VES

5
6

W_PRF

IP_BUR

8
9

OTHER

xc,xp,d,li
xc,xp,d,li
xc,lic,lip,spa
xp,li,d,ab2
ab2,mn2,li,opU
x,ab2,mn2,li
ab3,li,optl,opt2
x,ab3,li,optl
r,lix,liy,mn2
. k,optl ,opt2,opt3

69

4.2. CONNECTION WITIITHE CONVERTER

Problems may occur with the connections between the battery and the converter.
-.foJIowingelementary
rules will help iYouto
avoid and solve most of them.
,
.
.

.,

The

red

:t>c I DC

12 V
BATTERY

+
SYSCAL R2

.' CONVERTER

black

M N

First respect the polarity rule: + battery connected to + converter and - battery connected
to - converter (+ red, ..black).
Checkthe battery voltage on no load, a good value is between 12.5 and 13V.
Check the battery load voltage is greater than lOY when you are injecting current (because
a battery can have a good no load voltage and have a very low load voltage).
Check the cables which can be damaged between the battery and the converter (with a
voltmeter: the converter input voltage must be equalto the battery voltage).

70

Annex 5.'

;.:.... : ...

";":::Ei~~1PLES0F ~~~*~:':buipUT
;::':'::':.::-, .:."

','

,:: ..;-.,:,-

71

Printer output performed with E-TX transfer software through the

SERIAL LINKffRANSFER TO PC option of SYSCAL R2.

(V9.3)

SYSCM. R2
1201
'EX-RX

v-

time domain SchlulII.

PRY Array
3.715 Sp0 I6.61

Ro-

2.0 Ohlll.1I

In-

0.4

K2-

Q-

M-

O.1

0.1

8 Time- 500 V_O- 240 M_O- 160

80 't_K2-180

SpAcing confi9. a Imperial grid

x- 10.0 AB/2- 5.0'
MN/22.5 Line1.0
1202
'EX-rue

vRo.

Ml-

tilne'dOlllAin
Schlum. VES array
3.112 Spa
0 I6.61
2.8 Ohlll.1I
0- O.
M1.0.fa0.4 M30.2 M4-

0.2

0.1

eyel4 Time- 2000 V_C- 1260 H_C- 160

't_K1-120 T_M2- 220 'l'_K3-420 T_M4- 820

Spacing config. a Imperial grid

AB/25.0 MN/22.0
Line1.0 optl0.0
1203
TX

only time domain SchlulII.

YES array

I-

6.61

cycl-

0 Time-

SOO V_O- 240

1204
TX-RX fceq.

v-

domain Dipole Dipole array

3.718 Spa

Ro-

6.5 Ohlll..

eyel-

8 T~-

IQ-

6.61
0

1000 V_C. 580

Spacing config. I Imperial grid

xc- 10.0
Xl- 12.0
D2.0 Lin.3.0
1205

domain Wanner VES array

3.715 Spa
0 16.61

TX-RX freq.

v-

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cyel-

2.2 Ohlll..

0-

6 TlJDe- 2000 V_C- 1260

Spacing conf19. I Imperial grid

AB/l2.0 Lin.1.0
opt15.6 cpU- 32.0
1206

no data

October 1992

IRIS INSTRUMENTS
I, avenue Buffon
B.P.6OO7 4S0600r!e0n1 cedex 2, France
Telephone: + 33 (0)2 38 63 81 00
Telecopieur: + 33 (0)2386381 82

E-mail: irilinsOibm.net
BRGM & OYO Joint Venture
S.Ao ou cop-itol d. 7 878 000 F oRCS PARISB 380 202 390
SIRET 380 202 39000015 . Code Activit. 332 B

The DC/DC converter supplied by a car battery can be used as a high voltage source for a
resistivitymeter equipment (SYSCAL R2, ELREC T, or other type, Fig. 1 and Fig.2).

DESCRIPfION

The unit must be supplied by a 10 to 20V DC voltage source, for example a standard 12V
car battery.

It is protected against polarity inversion of input voltage and will stop

operating for input voltage greater than 20V.

irreversible damage.

Input voltage greater than 30V may produce

Four output voltages (looV, 200V, 400V, 800V) can be selected through a manual switch.
The maximum power available on each position is 25OW, corresponding respectively to
maximum intensities of 2500, 1250, 625 and 312mA.
The instrument has an internal warning signal to inform when the battery voltage is lower
than lOY.

This signal warns you that the battery voltage is low (less than lOY) and it's

recommended to put the battery on load.

However, when the input voltage is included between IOV and 7.SV, the beep is
intermittent, but the instrument still supplies energy.
When the battery voltage is lower than 7.SV, beeping is continuous but the converter still
provides a voltage. In case the voltage is lo~er than SV, the converter can't operate.
Please note that under IOV of input voltage, the converter is still operational, but its output
voltage is no more regulated and doesn't correspond exactly to the value selected through
the manual switch on the front panel.

For EACH voltage position, two operating zones can be distinguished (see diagram, fig.4):
. for higher load resistances, the unit operates as a voltage regulated supply, and the
intensity of current is determined by the relation I = U / R;
. for lowcr load resistances, the unit operates as an intensity regulated supply: the
intensity of current is constant, whatever the resistance is , even in the short circuit
case.
The intersection of both previous operating zones corresponds to the maximum output
power of the unit (250W).
The diagram enables the operator to select the voltage position which will lead to the
highest intensity of current for a given load resistance.

OPERATING PROCEDURE

(FIg.3)

1. Connect the high voltage cord of the resistivitymeter to the DC output voltage terminals

of the converter.
2. Select the desired voltage with the switch (100 to 8ooV).
3. Connect the source (car battery) to the DC input voltage terminals of the converter.
4. The converter has no ON/OFF switch; the injection of current is directly driven by the
resistivitymeter.
5. If the operator wishes to change the output voltage of the converter, he has first to stop
the injection and then to re-start the injection of current with the resistivitymeter.

NOTE: Advice about the connection with the battery

In order to be sure that the polarity rule between the battery and the converter is
respected please operate the following operation at the beginning of each converter
use.

Before connecting the instruments with the SYSCAL R2, plug the converter in the
battery with the cables, and a few seconds later disconnect one of both wires. If you
hear the converter buzzer beeping, that means the input voltage polarity is right. In
case there is no beeping reverse polarities.
The converter is protected against polarity inversion of input voltage, but the battery
is very quickly discharged if the inversion lasts more than about IS seconds. So this
polarity test is very important: it doesn't damage the converter, avoids to damage the
cables and to discharge the battery.

SPECIFICATIONS
Input voltage: 10 to 20V
Output voltage: lOOV,200V, 400V, 800V +1.S%
Maximum output power: 2S0W
Maximum output current (resp;): 2S00mA, 12S0mA, 62SmA, 312mA
Temperature range: -20C to +SOC
Dimensions: length 31Omm, width 21Omm, height 210mm (12.2 x 8.3 x 8.3inch)
Weight: 5.1kg (11.2Ib)

INTERCONNECTIONS

OF CONVERTERS (Fi1:.5)

To increase the output voltage or the output current, it is possible to connect two converters
with the same car battery. Two types of connection can be performed:

1. Series connecting
In this configuration, the total output voltage available is the sum of the output voltages of
both converters. The maximum voltage is then 800 + 800 = 1600V, the corresponding
current is 312mA, and the power SOOW.
WARNING:
A series connection of two 2S0W converters, on maximum voltage (800V), CAN'T
BE USED with a SYSCAL R2 because its maximum transmitting output voltage is
800V. A higher voltage would produce irreversible damage. Thus, with a series
connection, the maximum voltage usable for each converter is 400V when they supply
aSYSCALR2.

2. Parallel connecting
In this configuration" the output voltages of both converters HAVE TO BE IDENTICAL:
important damage can be caused if at any moment these values are different.
It is
advisable to disconnect the car battery before changing the voltages of the converters.
The maximum current is 5000mA in the lOO/lOOV case, 2500mA in the 200/200V case,
1250mA in the 400/400V and 625mA in the 800/800V case. In any of these cases, the
maximum power is 500W.
WARNING:
. In the parallel configuration, output voltages of both converters have to remain
identical at any time .
. A parallel connection of two 250W converters in the lOO/lOOVis neither useful in
case of a SYSCAL R2 because its maximum output current is 2000mA, nor in case
of an ELREC T of which maximum output current is 2400mA, and each of these
resistivitymeters can be supplied by one single converter.

Fie. 1:

250W DC/DC CONVERTER WITH BATTERY PACK

AND SYSCAL R2 RESISTIVITYMETER

12 V
BATTERY

SYSCAL R2

DC / DC
CONVERTER

I BI MI NI

~:

DC/DC CONVERTER WITH BATTERY

ANDSYSCALR2 RESISTIVITYMETER

~.;;j;"~f~':.' :,:'"
,

,'_-,,,.;!.

250W

.:

"",_,,,",.' , ,;j;,"~,~U;;;~::"':,
",DC / DCC 0 NV E R T E R
DC
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OUTPUT

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WARNING,
HIGH VOLTAG '

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FiK.3:

250W DC/DC CONVERTER FRONT PANEL