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ASP.NETMVCSolutionArchitecture
BestPractices
BY CHRISTOS S. on FEBRUARY 15, 2015

( 96 )

ChoosingtherightarchitectureforWebApplicationsisamust,especiallyforlargescaleones.
UsingthedefaultVisualStudio ASP.NETMVCWebApplication projecttemplates,adding
controllerswith Scaffolding options,justtobootstrapyourapplicationandcreatepagesanddata
injustafewminutes,soundsawesomeforsure,butletsbehonestitsnotalwaystheright
choise.Peekingallthedefaultoptions,keepingbusiness,dataandpresentationlogicinthesame
projectwillimpactseveralfactorsinyoursolutions,suchasscalability,usabilityortestability.In
thispost,willseehowtokeepthingsclean,creatingahighlylooselycoupledASP.NETMVC
Solution,whereDataAccess,BusinessandPresentationlayersaredefinedintherightmanner.
Todothis,wellmakeuseofseveralpatternsandframeworks,someofthosearepresented
below.
1.EntityFrameworkCodeFirstdevelopment
2.GenericRepositoryPattern
3.DependencyInjectionusingAutofacframework
4.Automapper

Thearchitecturewewilltrytobuildinthispostissummarizedinthefollowingdiagram.
Letsstart.AssumingwewanttobuiltaneshopWebApplicationcalledStore,createablank
solutionwiththesamename.

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Models
Addaclasslibraryprojecttothesolution,namedStore.Model.Thislibraryiswherewellkeepall
ofourdomainobjects. EntityFramework willcountontheminordertobuildthedatabasebutwe
arenotgoingtoconfigureCodeFirstusingDataAnnotationsattributesonthisproject.Instead,we
aregoingtoputallthe CodeFirst configurationinspecificConfigurationclassesusingthe
FluentAPI .AddafoldernamedModelsandaddthefollowingtwosimpleclasses.
Gadget.cs
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publicclassGadget
{
publicintGadgetID{get;set;}
publicstringName{get;set;}
publicstringDescription{get;set;}
publicdecimalPrice{get;set;}
publicstringImage{get;set;}

publicintCategoryID{get;set;}
publicCategoryCategory{get;set;}
}

Category.cs
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publicclassCategory
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{
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publicintCategoryID{get;set;}
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publicstringName{get;set;}
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publicDateTime?DateCreated{get;set;}
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publicDateTime?DateUpdated{get;set;}
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publicvirtualList<Gadget>Gadgets{get;set;}
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publicCategory()
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{
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DateCreated=DateTime.Now;
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DateCreated=DateTime.Now;
}
}

IprefferedtokeepthenamespaceStore.ModelinsteadofthenamespaceStore.Model.Models

DataAccessLayerandRepositories
Thepurposeof
thislayer,isthe
directaccessto
thedatabase.
Itstheonly
layer
responsibleto
communicate
withthe
database.If
someother
layerwantsto
accessthe
database,then
thiswillbe
donethrough
someofthe
classes
(repositories)
wewilldefineinthisproject.ThiswillbestrictlytheonlywayAddanewclasslibraryproject
namedStore.Dataandmakesureyouaddareferencetothepreviouscreatedproject,
Store.Model.InstallEntityFrameworkusingthe NugetPackageManager .Firstthingwewanna
do,istodefinethe EntityTypeConfigurations forourdomainobjecs.Addafoldernamed
Configurationwiththefollowingtwoclassesthatinheritsthe EntityTypeConfiguration class.
GadgetConfiguration.cs
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publicclassGadgetConfiguration:EntityTypeConfiguration<Gadget>
{
publicGadgetConfiguration()
{
ToTable("Gadgets");
Property(g=>g.Name).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(50);
Property(g=>g.Price).IsRequired().HasPrecision(8,2);
Property(g=>g.CategoryID).IsRequired();
}
}

CategoryConfiguration.cs
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CategoryConfiguration.cs
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publicclassCategoryConfiguration:EntityTypeConfiguration<Category>
{
publicCategoryConfiguration()
{
ToTable("Categories");
Property(c=>c.Name).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(50);
}
}

Thereisntanydifficultconfigurationtoexplain,thepointisjusttounderstandwheretoputthe
rightobjects.Thenextthingwewilldoistocreatethe DbContext classthatwillberesponsibleto
accessthedatabase.Addthefollowingclassundertherootofthecurrentproject.
StoreEntities.cs
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publicclassStoreEntities:DbContext
{
publicStoreEntities():base("StoreEntities"){}

publicDbSet<Gadget>Gadgets{get;set;}
publicDbSet<Category>Categories{get;set;}

publicvirtualvoidCommit()
{
base.SaveChanges();
}

protectedoverridevoidOnModelCreating(DbModelBuildermodelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(newGadgetConfiguration());
modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(newCategoryConfiguration());
}
}

Wewanttoseedthedatabasewhenourapplicationfireupforthefirsttime,soaddthefollowing
classtotherootoftheprojectaswell.
StoreSeedData
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publicclassStoreSeedData:DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<StoreEntities>
{
protectedoverridevoidSeed(StoreEntitiescontext)
{
GetCategories().ForEach(c=>context.Categories.Add(c));
GetGadgets().ForEach(g=>context.Gadgets.Add(g));

context.Commit();
}

privatestaticList<Category>GetCategories()
{
returnnewList<Category>
{
newCategory{

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Name="Tablets"
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Name="Tablets"
},
newCategory{
Name="Laptops"
},
newCategory{
Name="Mobiles"
}
};
}

privatestaticList<Gadget>GetGadgets()
{
returnnewList<Gadget>
{
newGadget{
Name="ProntoTec7",
Description="Android4.4KitKatTabletPC,CortexA81.2
CategoryID=1,
Price=46.99m,
Image="prontotec.jpg"
},
newGadget{
Name="SamsungGalaxy",
Description="Android4.4KitKatOS,1.2GHzquadcorep
CategoryID=1,
Price=120.95m,
Image="samsunggalaxy.jpg"
},
newGadget{
Name="NeuTabN7Pro7",
Description="NeuTabN7Protabletfeaturestheamazingp
CategoryID=1,
Price=59.99m,
Image="neutab.jpg"
},
newGadget{
Name="DragonTouchY88X7",
Description="DragonTouchY88Xtabletfeaturingtheincr
CategoryID=1,
Price=54.99m,
Image="dragontouch.jpg"
},
newGadget{
Name="AlldaymallA88X7",
Description="ThisAlldaymalltabletfeaturingtheincred
CategoryID=1,
Price=47.99m,
Image="Alldaymall.jpg"
},
newGadget{
Name="ASUSMeMO",
Description="Pad7ME170CXA1BK7Inch16GBTablet.Dua
CategoryID=1,
Price=94.99m,
Image="asusmemo.jpg"
},
//Codeommitted

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};
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};
}
}

IhaveommittedsomeoftheGadgesobjectsforbrevitybutyoucanalwaysdownloadthesolution
projectatthebottomofthispost.NowletscreatetheHeartofthisproject.Addafoldernamed
Infrastructure.InordertousetheRepositoryPatternintherightmanner,weneedtodefinea
welldesignedinfrastructure.Fromthebottomtothetopallinstanceswillbeavailablethrough
injectedinterfaces.Andthefirstinstancewewillrequire,guesswhat..willbeaninstanceofthe
StoreEntities .SoletscreateafactoryInterfaceresponsibletoinitializeinstancesofthisclass.
AddaninterfacenamedIDbFactoryintotheInfrastructurefolder.
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publicinterfaceIDbFactory:IDisposable
{
StoreEntitiesInit();
}

YoucanseethatthisinterfaceinheritstheIDisposableone,sotheConcreteclassthatwill
implementtheIDbFactoryinterface,mustalsoimplementtheIDisposableone.Todothisina
cleanway,addaDisposableclassthatwillimplementtheIDisposableinterface.Thenanyclass
thatwillimplementtheIDbFactoryinterface,willjustwanttoinheritthisveryclass.
Disposable.cs
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publicclassDisposable:IDisposable
{
privateboolisDisposed;

~Disposable()
{
Dispose(false);
}

publicvoidDispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
privatevoidDispose(booldisposing)
{
if(!isDisposed&&disposing)
{
DisposeCore();
}

isDisposed=true;
}

//Ovveridethistodisposecustomobjects
protectedvirtualvoidDisposeCore()
{
}
}

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IhavehighlightedtheDisposeCorevirtualmethodcausethismethodwillmakeothersclasses
inheritthisone,todisposetheirownobjectsinthewaytheneedto.Nowaddtheimplementation
classoftheIDbFactoryinterface.
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publicclassDbFactory:Disposable,IDbFactory
{
StoreEntitiesdbContext;

publicStoreEntitiesInit()
{
returndbContext??(dbContext=newStoreEntities());
}

protectedoverridevoidDisposeCore()
{
if(dbContext!=null)
dbContext.Dispose();
}
}

Itstimetocreateageneric IRepository interfacewherewewilldeclarethedefaultoperations

thatourrepositorieswillsupport.HereIaddedsomethatithoughtarethemostusedones,but
youcanextendthoseoperationsasyouwish.
IRepository.cs
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publicinterfaceIRepository<T>whereT:class
{
//Marksanentityasnew
voidAdd(Tentity);
//Marksanentityasmodified
voidUpdate(Tentity);
//Marksanentitytoberemoved
voidDelete(Tentity);
voidDelete(Expression<Func<T,bool>>where);
//Getanentitybyintid
TGetById(intid);
//Getanentityusingdelegate
TGet(Expression<Func<T,bool>>where);
//GetsallentitiesoftypeT
IEnumerable<T>GetAll();
//Getsentitiesusingdelegate
IEnumerable<T>GetMany(Expression<Func<T,bool>>where);
}

NoticethattheCRUDoperationsarecommentedasMarktodosomething...Thismeansthat
whenarepositoryimplentationadds,updatesorremovesanentity,doesnotsendthecommand
tothedatabaseatthatverymoment.Instead,thecaller(servicelayer)willberesponsibletosend
aCommitcommandtothedatabasethroughaIUnitOfWorkinjectedinstance.Forthistobedone
willuseapatterncalledUnitOfWork.AddthefollowingtwofilesintotheInfrastructurefolder.
IUnitOfWork.cs
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publicinterfaceIUnitOfWork
{
voidCommit();
}

UnitOfWork.cs
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publicclassUnitOfWork:IUnitOfWork
{
privatereadonlyIDbFactorydbFactory;
privateStoreEntitiesdbContext;

publicUnitOfWork(IDbFactorydbFactory)
{
this.dbFactory=dbFactory;
}

publicStoreEntitiesDbContext
{
get{returndbContext??(dbContext=dbFactory.Init());}
}

publicvoidCommit()
{
DbContext.Commit();
}
}

InthesamewayweusedtheDisposableclasswearegoingtouseanabstractclassthathas
virtualimplementationsofthe IRepository interface.Thisbaseclasswillbeinheritedfromall
specificrepositoriesandhencewillimplementtheIRepositoryinterface.Addthefollowingclass.
RepositoryBase.cs
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publicabstractclassRepositoryBase<T>whereT:class
{
#regionProperties
privateStoreEntitiesdataContext;
privatereadonlyIDbSet<T>dbSet;

protectedIDbFactoryDbFactory
{
get;
privateset;
}

protectedStoreEntitiesDbContext
{
get{returndataContext??(dataContext=DbFactory.Init());}
}
#endregion

protectedRepositoryBase(IDbFactorydbFactory)
{
DbFactory=dbFactory;
dbSet=DbContext.Set<T>();

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}
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#regionImplementation
publicvirtualvoidAdd(Tentity)
{
dbSet.Add(entity);
}

publicvirtualvoidUpdate(Tentity)
{
dbSet.Attach(entity);
dataContext.Entry(entity).State=EntityState.Modified;
}

publicvirtualvoidDelete(Tentity)
{
dbSet.Remove(entity);
}

publicvirtualvoidDelete(Expression<Func<T,bool>>where)
{
IEnumerable<T>objects=dbSet.Where<T>(where).AsEnumerable();
foreach(Tobjinobjects)
dbSet.Remove(obj);
}

publicvirtualTGetById(intid)
{
returndbSet.Find(id);
}

publicvirtualIEnumerable<T>GetAll()
{
returndbSet.ToList();
}

publicvirtualIEnumerable<T>GetMany(Expression<Func<T,bool>>where
{
returndbSet.Where(where).ToList();
}

publicTGet(Expression<Func<T,bool>>where)
{
returndbSet.Where(where).FirstOrDefault<T>();
}

#endregion

Sincetheimplementationsmarkedasvirtual,anyrepositorycanovverideaspecificoperationas
required.AndnowtheConcreterepositories:Addanewfoldernamed Repositories andaddthe
followingtwoclasses:
GadgetRepository.cs
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publicclassGadgetRepository:RepositoryBase<Gadget>,IGadgetRepository
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publicclassGadgetRepository:RepositoryBase<Gadget>,IGadgetRepository
{
publicGadgetRepository(IDbFactorydbFactory)
:base(dbFactory){}
}

publicinterfaceIGadgetRepository:IRepository<Gadget>
{

CategoryRepository.cs
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publicclassCategoryRepository:RepositoryBase<Category>,ICategoryRepositor
{
publicCategoryRepository(IDbFactorydbFactory)
:base(dbFactory){}

publicCategoryGetCategoryByName(stringcategoryName)
{
varcategory=this.DbContext.Categories.Where(c=>c.Name==cate

returncategory;
}

publicoverridevoidUpdate(Categoryentity)
{
entity.DateUpdated=DateTime.Now;
base.Update(entity);
}
}

publicinterfaceICategoryRepository:IRepository<Category>
{
CategoryGetCategoryByName(stringcategoryName);
}

YoucanseethattheGadgetRepositorysupportsthedefaultoperationsusingthedefaultbehavior
andofcoursethatsOK.Ontheotherhand,youcanseeanexamplewhereaspecificrepository
requirestoeitherextenditsoperations(GetCategoryByName)oroverriedthedefaultones
(Update).UsuallyyouaddarepositoryforeachofyourModelclasses,henceeachrepositoryof
typeT,isresponsibletomanipulateaspecificDbSetthroughtheDbContext.Set<T>.Wearedone
implementingtheDataAccesslayersowecanprocceedtothenextone.

ServiceLayer
WhatoperationsdoyouwanttoexposeyourMVCControllers?Whereisthebusinesslogicis
goingtobeimplemented?Yeap..youhaveguessedright,inthisverylayer.Addanewclass
libraryprojectnamed Store.Service .Youwillhavetoaddreferencestothetwopreviouscreated
projects,Store.ModelandStore.Data.NoticeIhaventtoldyouyettoinstallEntityFrameworkto
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thisproject..andIam
notgoingto,causeany
databaseoperation
requiredwillbedone
throughtheinjected
repositorieswecreated
before.Addthefirst
Servicefiletothis
project.

GadgetService.cs
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//operationsyouwanttoexpose
publicinterfaceIGadgetService
{
IEnumerable<Gadget>GetGadgets();
IEnumerable<Gadget>GetCategoryGadgets(stringcategoryName,string
GadgetGetGadget(intid);
voidCreateGadget(Gadgetgadget);
voidSaveGadget();
}

publicclassGadgetService:IGadgetService
{
privatereadonlyIGadgetRepositorygadgetsRepository;
privatereadonlyICategoryRepositorycategoryRepository;
privatereadonlyIUnitOfWorkunitOfWork;

publicGadgetService(IGadgetRepositorygadgetsRepository,ICategoryRep
{
this.gadgetsRepository=gadgetsRepository;
this.categoryRepository=categoryRepository;
this.unitOfWork=unitOfWork;
}

#regionIGadgetServiceMembers

publicIEnumerable<Gadget>GetGadgets()
{
vargadgets=gadgetsRepository.GetAll();

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returngadgets;
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returngadgets;
}

publicIEnumerable<Gadget>GetCategoryGadgets(stringcategoryName,
{
varcategory=categoryRepository.GetCategoryByName(categoryName);
returncategory.Gadgets.Where(g=>g.Name.ToLower().Contains(gadge
}

publicGadgetGetGadget(intid)
{
vargadget=gadgetsRepository.GetById(id);
returngadget;
}

publicvoidCreateGadget(Gadgetgadget)
{
gadgetsRepository.Add(gadget);
}

publicvoidSaveGadget()
{
unitOfWork.Commit();
}

#endregion

ThefirstandthelasthighlightedcodelinesremindsyouwhywecreatedtheIUnitOfWork
interface.Ifwewantedtocreateagadgetobjectthoughthisserviceclass,wewouldwrite
somethinglikethis..
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//initagadgetobject..
gadgetService.CreateGadget(gadget);
gadgetService.SaveGadget();

Theotherhighlightedcodelinesdenotesthatanyrequiredrepositoryforthisservice,willbe
injectedthroughitsconstructor.Thiswillbedonethrougha DependencyContainer wewillsetup
intheMVCprojectsstartupclass,usingtheAutofacframework.InthesamewayIcreatedthe
GadgetService.csfile.
CategoryService.cs
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//operationsyouwanttoexpose
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publicinterfaceICategoryService
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{
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IEnumerable<Category>GetCategories(stringname=null);
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CategoryGetCategory(intid);
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CategoryGetCategory(stringname);
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voidCreateCategory(Categorycategory);
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voidSaveCategory();
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}
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publicclassCategoryService:ICategoryService
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{
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{
privatereadonlyICategoryRepositorycategorysRepository;
privatereadonlyIUnitOfWorkunitOfWork;

publicCategoryService(ICategoryRepositorycategorysRepository,IUnitOf
{
this.categorysRepository=categorysRepository;
this.unitOfWork=unitOfWork;
}

#regionICategoryServiceMembers

publicIEnumerable<Category>GetCategories(stringname=null)
{
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
returncategorysRepository.GetAll();
else
returncategorysRepository.GetAll().Where(c=>c.Name==name);
}

publicCategoryGetCategory(intid)
{
varcategory=categorysRepository.GetById(id);
returncategory;
}

publicCategoryGetCategory(stringname)
{
varcategory=categorysRepository.GetCategoryByName(name);
returncategory;
}

publicvoidCreateCategory(Categorycategory)
{
categorysRepository.Add(category);
}

publicvoidSaveCategory()
{
unitOfWork.Commit();
}

#endregion
}

Andwearedonewiththeservicelayeraswell.Letsprocceedwiththelastone,theASP.NET
MVCWebApplication.

PresentationLayer
AddanewASP.NETWebApplicationnamed Store.Web choosingtheemptytemplatewiththe
MVCoptionchecked.Weneedtoaddreferencestoallofthepreviousclasslibraryprojectsand
anEntityFrameworkinstallationviaNugetPackagesaswell.Youmaybewondering,arewe
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goingtowriteany
EntityFramework
relatedqueriesinthis
project?Notatall,we
needthoughsomeof
itsnamespacessowe
cansetupthe
database
configurationsforour
application,suchas
the database
initializer .Andsince
westartedwiththis,
openGlobal.asax.cs
fileandaddthe
followinglineofcode
tosetuptheseed
initializerwecreatedin
theStore.Dataproject.
Glbal.asax.cs
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protectedvoidApplication_Start()
{
//Initdatabase
System.Data.Entity.Database.SetInitializer(newStoreSeedData());

AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}

Youwillalsoneedtocreateaconnectionstringelementtodefinewhereyouwantthedatabaseto
becreated.AddthefollowingelementintheWeb.configfileandchangeditaccoardingtoyour
developmentenviromentrequirements.
Web.config
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<connectionStrings>
<addname="StoreEntities"connectionString="DataSource=(localdb)\v11.0;Initi
</connectionStrings>

Wehavemadesuchaneffortinthepreviousstepstocreaterepositoriesandservicesbutnowits
thetimetomakethemworkalltogether.Ifyourecall,allservicescontructorshaverepositories
interfacesthatmustbeinjectedto.Theservicesthemeselfswilllaterbeinjectedintothe
controllersconustructorsandthisishowourapplicationwillwork.Toachievethis,weneedto
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setup DependancyInjection andforthishreasonIdecidedtouseAutofac.Makesureyouinstall

AutofacASP.NETMVC5Integration throughNugetPackages.

CreateaBootstrapper.csfileundertheStart_Appfolderandpastethefollowingcode.
Bootstrapper.cs
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publicstaticvoidRun()
{
SetAutofacContainer();
}

privatestaticvoidSetAutofacContainer()
{
varbuilder=newContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterControllers(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
builder.RegisterType<UnitOfWork>().As<IUnitOfWork>().InstancePerRe
builder.RegisterType<DbFactory>().As<IDbFactory>().InstancePerRequ

//Repositories
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(typeof(GadgetRepository).Assembly)
.Where(t=>t.Name.EndsWith("Repository"))
.AsImplementedInterfaces().InstancePerRequest();
//Services
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(typeof(GadgetService).Assembly)
.Where(t=>t.Name.EndsWith("Service"))
.AsImplementedInterfaces().InstancePerRequest();

IContainercontainer=builder.Build();
DependencyResolver.SetResolver(newAutofacDependencyResolver(conta
}

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}
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Thecodeitselfisselfexplanatory.Ihopeyouhavefollowedalongwithmeandyouhavenamed
yourrepositoryandserviceclassesasIdid,causeotherwise,thisisnotgonnawork.Thereare
twoimportantsthingslefttocompletethetutotiral.ThefirstonetodefineViewModelclassesand
set Automapper tomapdomainentitiestoviewmodelsandbackwards.Thesecondoneistosee
howtosetupCSSBootstrapinourwebapplication.Isupposemostofyou,installbootstrapfrom
NugetPackagesandstartaddingcssandscriptreferencestoyourproject.Herethoughwewill
followadifferentapproach.

CSSBootstrap
FirstofalldownloadBoostrapdistributionfromtheofficialsite.Addthreefolderstoyour
applicationnamedcss,fontsandjsrespectively.Inthecssfolderpastethebootstrap.cssfilefrom
whatyouhavedownloaded,inthefontsfolderpasteeverythingisinsidetherespectivefonts
folderandinthejsfolder,justpastethebootstrap.jsfile.WearegoingtouseBundlingand
Minificationforbootstrapandtoachievethatyouneedtoinstall MicrosoftASP.NETWeb
OptimazationFramework throughNugetPackages.
Whenyoufinishinstallingthis,addanewclassnamedBundleConfigintotheApp_Startfolderas
follow:
BundleConfig.cs
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publicclassBundleConfig
{
publicstaticvoidRegisterBundles(BundleCollectionbundles)
{
bundles.Add(newScriptBundle("~/bootstrap/js").Include("~/js/boots
bundles.Add(newStyleBundle("~/bootstrap/css").Include("~/css/boot

BundleTable.EnableOptimizations=true;
Follow
}
}

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AsyoucanseeIhavealsoreferencedsite.jsandsite.cssjavascriptandcssfiles.Thosefilescan
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hostanybootstrapcsscustomazationsyouwannadooranyjavascriptrelatedcode.Feelfreeto
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addtherespectivefilesandleavethemempty.NowweneedtodeclarethatwewantMVCtouse
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bundlingandminication,soaddthefollowinglineintotheGlobal.asax.csfile.
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protectedvoidApplication_Start()
{
//Initdatabase
System.Data.Entity.Database.SetInitializer(newStoreSeedData());

AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);

//AutofacandAutomapperconfigurations
Bootstrapper.Run();
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}

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NoticethatIhavealsocalledtheBootstrapper.Run()functionthatwillsetuptheAutofacs
Blog
configurationwemadebefore.ThisfunctionwillalsoconfigureAutomapper,somethingwegonna
Get every new post delivered to
seeinabit.LetsfinishwithBootrapfornow.WewillneedaLayouttouseforourapplication,so
your Inbox.
goandcreateaSharedfolderundertheViewsfolderandaddanewitemoftype
MVC5Layout
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Page(Razor) named_Layout.cshtml.

_Layout.cshtml
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<!DOCTYPEhtml>
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<html>
<head>
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<metacharset="utf8">
<metahttpequiv="XUACompatible"content="IE=edge">
<metaname="viewport"content="width=devicewidth,initialscale=1">

7
<title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
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<title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
<!Bootstrap>
@Styles.Render("~/bootstrap/css")
<![ifltIE9]>
<scriptsrc="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/
html5shiv.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/
respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]>
</head>
<body>
<navid="myNavbar"class="navbarnavbardefaultnavbarinversenavbarfixe
<!Brandandtogglegetgroupedforbettermobiledisplay>
<divclass="navbarheader">
<buttontype="button"class="navbartoggle"datatoggle="colla
<spanclass="sronly">Togglenavigation</span>
<spanclass="iconbar"></span>
<spanclass="iconbar"></span>
<spanclass="iconbar"></span>
</button>
@Html.ActionLink("Store","Index","Home",new{},new{@cla
</div>
<!Collectthenavlinks,forms,andothercontentfortoggling
<divclass="collapsenavbarcollapse"id="navbarCollapse">
<ulclass="navnavbarnav">
<liclass="active">
@Html.ActionLink("Tablets","Index","Home",new{cat
</li>
<liclass="active">
@Html.ActionLink("Laptops","Index","Home",new{cat
</li>
<liclass="active">
@Html.ActionLink("Mobiles","Index","Home",new{cat
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
@RenderBody()
<scriptsrc="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.0/jquery.min.js
Follow
@Scripts.Render("~/bootstrap/js")
</body>
</html>
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ThepagewillprobablycomplainthatcannotresolveRazorsyntaxsoyouhavetoaddthe

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web.config).Followingispartofthatfile..
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web.config
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<namespaces>
<addnamespace="System.Web.Mvc"/>
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<addnamespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax"/>
<addnamespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html"/>
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<addnamespace="System.Web.Routing"/>
<addnamespace="Store.Web"/>
<addnamespace="System.Web.Optimization"/>

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</namespaces>
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</namespaces>

Automapper
Inarealapplicationyourdomainobjectswillprobablyhavealotofpropertiesbutyouonlywantto
displaysomeoftheminthebrowser.Moreoverwhenpostingbacktoserver,forexamplewhen
creatingobjectsthoughaformelement,youalsowanttopostonlyafewofthedomainobjects
properties.ForthisreasonyoudefineViewModelobjectsandusetheminsteadofthereal
domainones.MakesureyouinstallAutomapperfromNugetPackages.

AddanewfoldernamedViewModelswiththefollowingclasses.
GadgetViewModel.cs
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publicclassGadgetViewModel
{
publicintGadgetID{get;set;}
publicstringName{get;set;}
publicstringDescription{get;set;}
publicdecimalPrice{get;set;}
publicstringImage{get;set;}

publicintCategoryID{get;set;}
}

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CategoryViewModel.cs
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publicclassCategoryViewModel
{
publicintCategoryID{get;set;}

4
publicstringName{get;set;}
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publicstringName{get;set;}

publicList<GadgetViewModel>Gadgets{get;set;}
}

GadgetFormViewModel.cs
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publicclassGadgetFormViewModel
{
publicHttpPostedFileBaseFile{get;set;}
publicstringGadgetTitle{get;set;}
publicstringGadgetDescription{get;set;}
publicdecimalGadgetPrice{get;set;}
publicintGadgetCategory{get;set;}
}

WhenyourViewModelclasseshavepropertiesnamedastherespectivedomainobjects,
Automapperissmartenoughtomakethemappingthroughdefaultconventions.Otherwiseyou
havetosetthemappingmanualybyyourself.NoticethelastclassIhaveadded,the
GadgetFormViewModel.WecanmakeaconvetiontoaddaFormwordbeforeViewModelso
thatweknowthatthistypeofviewmodel,ispostedbacktoserverthroughaformelement.Lets
nowconfigurethemappings.Addanewfolder Mappings andaddthefollowingclassfile.
AutoMapperConfiguration.cs
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publicclassAutoMapperConfiguration
{
publicstaticvoidConfigure()
{
Mapper.Initialize(x=>
{
x.AddProfile<DomainToViewModelMappingProfile>();
x.AddProfile<ViewModelToDomainMappingProfile>();
});
}
}

Follow
Wehaventcreatedtherequiredprofilesyetbutwewillinabit.WhatIwantedtoshowyouisthat
youcancreateasmanyAutomapperprofilesyouwantandthenaddthemintoMapper.Initialize
Follow chsakell's
function.Herewewilldefinetwoprofiles,onetomapdomainmodelstoViewModelsandanother
Blog
oneforbackwards.Addthefollowingclassesinthesamefolderastheprevious.

DomainToViewModelMappingProfile.cs

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publicclassDomainToViewModelMappingProfile:Profile
2
{
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publicoverridestringProfileName
4
{
5
get{return"DomainToViewModelMappings";}
Sign me up
6
}
7

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protectedoverridevoidConfigure()
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9
{
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Mapper.CreateMap<Category,CategoryViewModel>();
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Mapper.CreateMap<Gadget,GadgetViewModel>();
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}
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}
}

ViewModelToDomainMappingProfile.cs
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publicclassViewModelToDomainMappingProfile:Profile
{
publicoverridestringProfileName
{
get{return"ViewModelToDomainMappings";}
}

protectedoverridevoidConfigure()
{
Mapper.CreateMap<GadgetFormViewModel,Gadget>()
.ForMember(g=>g.Name,map=>map.MapFrom(vm=>vm.GadgetTitl
.ForMember(g=>g.Description,map=>map.MapFrom(vm=>vm.Gad
.ForMember(g=>g.Price,map=>map.MapFrom(vm=>vm.GadgetPri
.ForMember(g=>g.Image,map=>map.MapFrom(vm=>vm.File.File
.ForMember(g=>g.CategoryID,map=>map.MapFrom(vm=>vm.Gadg
}
}

FortheDomain>ViewModelsmappingwedidntneedtosetupanything.Automapperwilluse
thedefaultconventionsandthatsfine.ForourGadgetFormViewModel>Gadgetmapping
though,wesetmanuallytheconfigurationasshownabove.Thelastthingremainedtofinishwith
AutomapperistoaddthefollowinglineintheBootstrapperclass.
Bootsrapper.cs
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publicstaticclassBootstrapper
{
publicstaticvoidRun()
{
SetAutofacContainer();
//ConfigureAutoMapper
AutoMapperConfiguration.Configure();
}
//Codeommitted

ControllersandViews

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Wearealmostfinished.AddanewMVCControllernamedHomeControllerandpastethe
your Inbox.
followingcode.
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HomeController.cs

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1
publicclassHomeController:Controller
2
{
3
privatereadonlyICategoryServicecategoryService;
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4
privatereadonlyIGadgetServicegadgetService;
5

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publicHomeController(ICategoryServicecategoryService,IGadgetService
7
{
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this.categoryService=categoryService;
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this.gadgetService=gadgetService;
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this.gadgetService=gadgetService;
}

//GET:Home
publicActionResultIndex(stringcategory=null)
{
IEnumerable<CategoryViewModel>viewModelGadgets;
IEnumerable<Category>categories;

categories=categoryService.GetCategories(category).ToList();

viewModelGadgets=Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Category>,IEnumerable<C
returnView(viewModelGadgets);
}
}

NowyoucanseeinactionwhywehavemadesuchanefforttosetupRepositories,Services,
AutofacandAutomapper.Serviceswillbeinjectedinthecontrollerforeachrequestandtheirdata
willbemappedtoViewModelsbeforesendtotheClient.RightclickintheIndexactionandadda
ViewnamedIndexwiththefollowingcode.Imustmentionhere,thatthegadgetsobjectsweuse,
haveimagereferencestoafoldernamedimagesintheWebApplicationproject.Youcanuse
yourimagesorjustdownloadthisprojectattheendofthispost.
Views/Home/Index.cshtml
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@modelIEnumerable<Store.Web.ViewModels.CategoryViewModel>

@{
ViewBag.Title="Store";
Layout="~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}

<p>

</p>
<divclass="container">
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<divclass="jumbotron">

@foreach(variteminModel)
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{
<divclass="panelpaneldefault"> Blog
<divclass="panelheading">
Get every new post delivered to
@*@Html.DisplayFor(modelItem=>item.Name)*@
your Inbox.
@Html.ActionLink("Viewall"+item.Name,"Index",new
@using(Html.BeginForm("Filter","Home",new{category=
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{
@Html.TextBox("gadgetName",null,new{@class=
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}

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</div>
@foreach(vargadgetinitem.Gadgets)
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{
@Html.Partial("Gadget",gadget)
}

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<divclass="panelfooter">
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<divclass="panelfooter">
@using(Html.BeginForm("Create","Home",FormMethod.Post,
new{enctype="multipart/formdata",@class
{
@Html.Hidden("GadgetCategory",item.CategoryID)
<divclass="formgroup">
<labelclass="sronly"for="file">File</label>
<inputtype="file"class="formcontrol"name=
</div>
<divclass="formgroup">
<labelclass="sronly"for="gadgetTitle">Title</la
<inputtype="text"class="formcontrol"name=
</div>
<divclass="formgroup">
<labelclass="sronly"for="gadgetName">Price</lab
<inputtype="number"class="formcontrol"name=
</div>
<divclass="formgroup">
<labelclass="sronly"for="gadgetName">Descriptio
<inputtype="text"class="formcontrol"name=
</div>
<buttontype="submit"class="btnbtnprimary">Upload</
}
</div>
</div>
}

</div>

</div>

Twothingstonoticehere.ThefirstoneisthatweneedtocreateaPartialviewtodiplaya
GadgetViewModel objectandthesecondoneistheFormscontrolelementsnames.Youcan
seethattheymuchourGadgetFormViewModelproperties.UndertheSharedfoldercreatethe
followingPartialviewfordisplayingaGadgetViewModelobject.
Views/Shared/Gadget.cshtml
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@modelStore.Web.ViewModels.GadgetViewModel
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<divclass="panelbody">
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<divclass="media">
<aclass="pullleft"href="#">
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<imgclass="mediaobject"src="../../images/@Model.Image"/>
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<divclass="mediabody">
<h3class="mediaheading">
@Model.Name
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</h3>
<p>@Model.Description</p>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
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IntheIndex.cshtmlpageIhaveaddedsearchandfilterfunctionalityandCreategadgetaswell.
ToachievethatyouneedtoaddthefollowingActionmethodstotheHomeController.
HomeController.cs
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publicActionResultFilter(stringcategory,stringgadgetName)
{
IEnumerable<GadgetViewModel>viewModelGadgets;
IEnumerable<Gadget>gadgets;

gadgets=gadgetService.GetCategoryGadgets(category,gadgetName);

viewModelGadgets=Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Gadget>,IEnumerable<Gad

returnView(viewModelGadgets);
}

[HttpPost]
publicActionResultCreate(GadgetFormViewModelnewGadget)
{
if(newGadget!=null&&newGadget.File!=null)
{
vargadget=Mapper.Map<GadgetFormViewModel,Gadget>(newGadget
gadgetService.CreateGadget(gadget);

stringgadgetPicture=System.IO.Path.GetFileName(newGadget.Fi
stringpath=System.IO.Path.Combine(Server.MapPath("~/images/
newGadget.File.SaveAs(path);

gadgetService.SaveGadget();
}

varcategory=categoryService.GetCategory(newGadget.GadgetCategor
returnRedirectToAction("Index",new{category=category.Name})
}

IamsurethatatthispointyouunderstandthepurposeofalltheabovecodesoIwontexplain
Follow
anything.YouneedtoaddaFilterpagesorightclickintheFilteractionandcreatethefollowing
View.
Home/Views/Filter.cshtml

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@modelIEnumerable<Store.Web.ViewModels.GadgetViewModel>
2

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@{
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ViewBag.Title="Filter";
5
Layout="~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
Enter your email address
6
}
7

8
<divclass="container">
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9
<divclass="jumbotron">
10

11
@foreach(variteminModel)
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{
13
<divclass="panelpaneldefault">
14
<divclass="panelheading">
15
@Html.Label(item.Name)
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<divclass="panelheading">
@Html.Label(item.Name)
</div>
@Html.Partial("Gadget",item)
</div>
}

</div>
</div>

Youcanfiltergadgetsbycategoryorsearchgadgetsinaspecificcategory.Thatsit,wehave
finishedcreatingahighlydecoupledarchitecturethatcouldsupportlargescaleMVCapplications.

Github
IhavedecidedtomoveallofmycodetomyGithubaccountsoyoucandownloadmostofthe
projectsthatwehaveseenonthisblogfromthere.YoucandownloadthisprojectfromhereFollow
.I
hopeyouenjoyedthispostasmuchasIdid.

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.NETWebApplicationDevelopmentbyChrisS.

Abouttheseads

96replies
Lang
April18,20165:07pm

Thankyouforthisarticle.
Ihaveaquestion.Inservicelayer,RepositoryandUnitOfWorkhavetheirowndbContext,sohowcan
theUnitOfWorkcommitthesessionthatwashandledbytheRepository?

ChristosS.
April18,20165:34pm

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Goodquestion.ItsactuallythesamedbContextinstancethatcomesfromtheuniqueinjected
DbFactoryinstanceperrequest.ChearstoAutofac!
partofBootstrapper.cs
1
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4

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varbuilder=newContainerBuilder();
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builder.RegisterControllers(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
builder.RegisterType<UnitOfWork>().As<IUnitOfWork>().InstancePerRequest();
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builder.RegisterType<DbFactory>().As<IDbFactory>().InstancePerRequest();
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Lang
April19,20162:12am

Sign me up
Build a website with WordPress.com

Thanksalot,nowIunderstand.Haveanicedaysir.
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subramanihm
May22,20166:54pm

Verynicearticle

SarthakKilledar
June15,20165:49pm

Wasscratchingmyheadoverthisfortwodays,forgottoaddInstancePerRequestinmy
project.Thanksfortheclarification.

zicki
April20,20164:17am

Thanksforyourawesomearticle!
ImcurrentlysettingupmythirdMVCProjectusingyourtutorial
itwasreallyeasytofollowyourguideandtoadaptitformyrequirements!

DavidCherian
May4,20166:56pm

Thanksalotforthisexcellentarticle.

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IllbeusingthisarchitecturestyleinmynextMVCprojectreallycommittedtoyouforsharingthis
sample.

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TomFrajer
May5,20168:58am

CanIuseDapperinsteadofEntityFrameworkinthisarchitecture?

ChristosS.
https://chsakell.com/2015/02/15/aspnetmvcsolutionarchitecturebestpractices/

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May5,20169:08am

Ofcourse.

Viethoang
May6,20164:40am

Hi,
IhaveaquestionaboutDI.
Howtoknowwhichclasseswillbeinjectedtheobjects?Weneedtoconfigthisorallofclassesthat
hasconstructorwithregisteredobjectparameterwillbeinjected?

ArashMotamedi
May7,20167:46pm

Greatpost!ThankyouChristos.Onesuggestion:tookmealittlewhiletofigureoutwhymyWebApi
controllerswerethrowingadefaultconstructornotfoundexceptionandrealizethataseparate
Autofacdependencyandacoupleextralinesofconfigurationwereneeded.Maybemention
somewherethatifthedevlikestoincludeWebApicontrollersintheirproject,theyneedtoreference
Autofac.WebApi2andthenintheBootstrapper,RegisterApiControllers()andalsosetthe
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolvertoAutofacWebApiresolver.

AmitJain
May11,201610:06am

Reallyagreatarticle!!

AmitJain
May11,201610:16am

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Fortheicingonthecake,wecandosmalladditiontothissolutioni.e.DatahidingApproach.Wecan
hidethereferenceofModelsintheWebProject

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Mathias

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May23,20165:49pm
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Simplybrilliant.Agoodwayfornewcommerstoasp.nettodiveintoarchitectures!Thankyou!

hove1543
May23,20165:52pm

Brilliant!Thankyouverymuchforthisguide!Greatfornewcomers(asmyself)tolearnmoreabout
architectinganasp.netmvcapp.

bhavesh
May25,20162:37pm

NiceArticleeasytounderstand

ctysingh
May30,20169:05pm

Rebloggedthisonchaitanyasingh.

Manoj
June4,201612:45pm

Thankyousirforthisarticle.Reallyagreatarticle.Itiseasytounderstand
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MohammedNazimFeroz
June6,20163:17pm

HiChristos,

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Thanksforthisamazingpost!Canyoupleaseletmeknowifyouhaveanexampleofusing
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FluentValidationontheFormViewModelclasses?Thanks.

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Nisha

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June9,20166:52am

Canyoupleaseshare,howtowritetestcasesforthisarchitecture.

https://chsakell.com/2015/02/15/aspnetmvcsolutionarchitecturebestpractices/

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ggagnaux
June25,20166:45pm

Wellwrittenarticle!Thanksforsharing.IllneedtoexaminemuchmorecloselywhenIhavesometime

KeithHarris
July5,20164:22am

ThisisbyfarthemostthoroughandcompletetutorialonRepository/UnitofWorkpatternIveseenon
theweb.AllotherexamplesIveseenarepartialanddontgointootherareasbeyondthe
infrastructure.IveheardofAutofac/Automapperbefore,butneversawthemasthegluetomakeitall
workbecausetheywerenevercoveredthisway.Now,ifyouwouldonlyincludeaDomainDriven
Designpattern,Iwouldbein7thHeaven,lol

minhpn
July5,20164:50am

thanksthearticle!howtocreatekeyattributeindentityinmodel?
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