TRUNG TM VIN THM

ArcView GIS

ng Lin

I. Gii thiu ArcViewGIS

L mt phn mm GIS ca hng ESRI. C y cc
chc nng GIS: hin th, khm ph, chn la v phn
tch d liu a l.

I. Gii thiu ArcViewGIS

ArcGIS Desktop bao
gm mt h kt hp
nhng ng dng:
ArcMap, ArcCatalog,
v ArcToolbox. S
dng ng b ba ng
dng ny, bn c th
hot ng mt vi
cng vic ca GIS
mt cch d dng,
bao gm bn ,
qun l d liu, phn
tch a l, bin tp
d liu, v cng ngh
x l a l

I. Gii thiu ArcViewGIS

Ngi s dng khng phi quan
tm n vic to d liu a l
bng phn mm Arcview s
dng cc chc nng GIS ca
Arcview
Arcview cung cp cc chc
nng cho php s dng cc d
liu a l c to t cc phn
mm thng dng khc, bao gm
cc d liu bn , bng thuc
tnh, d liu dng nh,...

I. Gii thiu ArcViewGIS

Cc chc nng c bn ca Arcview:
1.

To v chnh sa d liu a l (khng gian v d

liu thuc tnh)

2.

Hin th v truy vn d liu bng nhiu cch khc

nhau

3.

Phn tch d liu khng gian

4.

Trnh by v to bn chuyn

I. Gii thiu ArcViewGIS

Ngoi ra cn mt h thng cc Module chuyn dng
(extension) c pht trin cho cc bi ton
chuyn ngnh: V d
ArcGIS 3D Analyst: Quan st v phn tch 3 chiu
ArcGIS Data Interoperability: c, chuyn i v xut d liu
trc tip
ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst: Cng c phn tch, m hnh
ha v ni suy b mt
ArcGIS Network Analyst: Cng c phn tch mng li
ArcGIS Publisher: Xut bn d liu v bn

I. Gii thiu ArcViewGIS

ArcGIS Schematics: To ra cc quy trnh t ng v cc
mng li khng gian ca i tn g
ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: Phn tch tnh khng gian ca d liu
raster v vector
ArcGIS StreetMap: Ni a ch, cc bn ng ph, v cc
ng ng theo m chun thng nht trn ton cu
ArcGIS Survey Analyst: Qun l v ni suy d liu kho
st thc a
ArcGIS Tracking Analyst: Quan st v phn tch d liu thay
i theo thi gian

I. Gii thiu ArcViewGIS

ArcPress for ArcGIS: In n bn vi cht lng
cao
ArcScan for ArcGIS: Chuyn i qua li d liu
raster v vector
ArcWebSM Services: a d liu GIS ln Web
Maplex for ArcGIS: Th hin nhn v ch thch trn
bn t ng

II. Cc khi nim c bn

D

liu v cu trc d liu:

Shape File: l nh dng chun ca Arview lu tr d

liu vector. Mi mt shape file cha mt dng d
liu duy nht: im, ng, hoc vng (*.shp)
Table: l bng thuc tnh cha cc thng tin thuc
tnh ca cc i tng khng gian (l mt thnh
phn ca Shape file) hoc c th l mt bng c
s d liu.
Image: l file d liu dng nh. Cc nh dng nh
thng thng ca Window nh .bmp, .jpg, .tif
u m c trc tip trong Arcview.

II. Cc khi nim c bn

D

liu v cu trc d liu:

TIN: l dng d liu m t b

mt mang tnh cht lin tc
theo dng li tam gic khng
u.

Grid: d liu biu din b mt

theo dng li, gi tr ca
mi li (cell) l gi tr ca
b mt ti v tr .

II. Cc khi nim c bn

D

liu v cu trc d liu:

Geodatabase: l mt CSDL c cha trong mt file c ui l

*.mdb. Khc vi shape file, GeoDatabase cho php lu gi topology
ca cc i tng. Cu trc ca GeoDatabase nh sau

II. Cc khi nim c bn

Giao din phn mm:
Lp d liu (Data Layer): Lp d liu th hin hnh
dng v phn b khng gian ca i tng. Mt lp d
li tng ng vi 1 file d liu, mt file d liu c th
c th hin bng nhiu lp d liu trn cng 1
khung d liu.

II. Cc khi nim c bn

Giao din phn mm:
Khung d liu (Dataframe): Dataframe l mt nhm cc
lp (Data layer) cng c hin th trong mt h quy
chiu, n v o, t l ... Mi Data Frame c th c mt h
quy chiu ring.

II. Cc khi nim c bn

Giao din phn mm:
File bn (Map Document): Mi mt bn trong Arcmap c gi
l Map document v c ghi li nh mt file c khun dng (*mdx).
File ny cha ng cc thng s ca thng tin a l trong ArcMap
nh cc layer ca bn , dataframe (vng lm vic), v Layout (trang
in).
ArcMap cung cp 2 ch hin th: Data View v Layout View
+ Data View hin th cc ni dung chnh ca bn tc l cc i
tng khng gian
+ Layout View: hin th bn trong ch nh chng ta in ra giy.
Ngoi cc i tng bn cn hin th cc yu t trang tr bn
nh khung, li to , ch gii.

II. Cc khi nim c bn

Giao din phn mm:

II. Cc khi nim c bn

Giao din phn mm:

II. Cc khi nim c bn

Giao din phn mm:

III. Thc hnh lm quen vi

Arcview
1. Lm quen vi Giao din phn mm:
-To mi 1 Map Document
- Gii thiu cc ca s v gii thiu chi tit cc cng
c
Add layer t file d liu: Bacgiang_nt; Bacgiang_h;
Bacgiang_gt; Bacging_dsat.
-Gii thiu cng c Thu phng (Zoom) v Xem thng
tin (Get Information)

III. Thc hnh lm quen vi

Arcview
2. Lm quen vi cng c trnh by hin th
- Trnh by mu sc cho cc huyn ca
tnh Bc Giang t theme Bacgiang_h
-Trnh by kiu ng vmu sc cho
cc ng giao thng t theme
Bacgiang_gt
- Trnh by k hiu v mu sc cho cc
i tng kinh t x hi trong theme
Bacgiang_nt

III. Thc hnh lm quen vi

Arcview
3. Lm quen vi cng c qun l d liu
ca ArcCatalog
- Gii thiu cc cng c v cc chc nng qun l d
liu trong ArcCatalog nh: Connect to Folder, Copy,
Delete, Create New

TRUNG TM VIN THM

ArcView GIS
Bi 2

ng Lin

Lm vic vi Shape File

-To shape file t nhng ngun d liu hin c
nh t Microstation, Autocad,
- Sa cha d liu khng gian
-Sa cha bng thuc tnh
- Truy vn v nhp d liu

To d liu dng shape

-Dng cc cng c Trong
ArcToolbox bao gm:
Quick import, Data
management Conversion
tool, convert file d
liu m3.dgn sang shape
file m3_line.shp

Sa cha d liu khng gian

Overshoot

Undershoot

Sliver

Duplicate line

Sa cha d liu khng gian

Sa cha d liu khng gian

-S dng cc cng c Feature to Polygon trong
ArcTool box convert file m3_line.shp sang
m3_polygon.shp

Sa cha bng thuc tnh

Sa cha bng thuc tnh

-M bng thuc tnh ca file
m3_polygon.shp
-Khi ng ch editable
- Xo trng Perimeter
- To cc trng mi sau: S
tha, Loi t, din tch, Loi
bt ng sn

Sa cha bng thuc tnh

-Add data layer dng Annotation t file d liu m3.dgn

Sa cha bng thuc tnh

-S dng cng c select feature nhp s tha
cho tng vng trn bn

Sa cha bng thuc tnh

-S dng cng c Calculate nhp loi t cho
nhiu vng trn bn

TRUNG TM VIN THM

ArcView GIS
Bi 3

ng Lin

To d liu mi trong Arcview

-S ho bn da trn nn cc file nh nn v
h to
- To mi trng thuc tnh

- To mi bng thuc tnh

To d liu mi trong Arcview

-To mi file song_ho.shp dng polygon
- To mi cc trng thuc tnh sau: ID, Ten_song,
Dientich
- S dng cng c s ho dng vng s ho cc
i tng sng h trn nh
- Gn thuc tnh cho cc i tng c s ho

To d liu mi trong Arcview

To d liu mi trong Arcview

To d liu mi trong Arcview

-To mi file giao_thong.shp dng ng

- To mi cc trng thuc tnh sau: ID,

Ten_duong, Loai_duong, chieudai
- S dng cng c s ho dng ng s ho
cc i tng ng giao thng trn nh
-Gn thuc tnh cho cc i tng c s ho

To d liu mi trong Arcview

To d liu mi trong Arcview

To d liu mi trong Arcview

-To mi file kt_xh.shp dng im

- To mi cc trng thuc tnh sau: ID, Ten_diem,

Loai_diem
- S dng cng c s ho dng im s ho cc
i tng l cc im kinh t x hi trn nh
-Gn thuc tnh cho cc i tng c s ho

To d liu mi trong Arcview

To d liu mi trong Arcview

To d liu mi trong Arcview

-To mi mt bng thuc tnh Khach_san.dbf
- To mi cc trng thuc tnh sau: ID, ten_ks,
Tel; Email, dc_buudien,
-Nhp d liu cho cc khch sn c trn bn
-To Link gia c s d liu v cc i tng trn
bn

To d liu mi trong Arcview

-To mi mt bng thuc tnh Khach_san.dbf
- To mi cc trng thuc tnh sau: ID, ten_ks,
Tel; Email, dc_buudien,
-Nhp d liu cho cc khch sn c trn bn
-To Link gia c s d liu v cc i tng trn
bn

To d liu mi trong Arcview

- Thc hin cc php tnh din tch v chiu di t

ng

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

1. Gii thiu chung
2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
3. Chng xp khng gian
4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood
functions)
5. Phn tch mng (Network Analysis)

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

1. Gii thiu chung
L cc chc nng ni tri ca GIS so vi cc h thng
x l thng tin khc
S dng d liu tch hp (d liu khng gian tch hp
vi d liu thuc tnh)
Thng c s dng trong cc bi ton quy hoch, d
bo, x l nhiu thng s, tiu ch, v a ra nhiu la
chn.
Vd. Tm v tr thch hp xy dng mt p nc mi,
D bo din tch v mc nc h sau khi xy p

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

1. Gii thiu chung
Chia thnh 5 nhm chnh:
- o c, truy vn, v phn nhm khng gian
- Chng xp khng gian
- Phn tch lin k
- Phn tch mng
- Phn tch khng gian 3 chiu (3D)

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.1. o c khng gian: V tr (x,y), chiu di, chu vi,
din tch
2.2. Truy vn khng gian:
Truy vn trc tip
Bng con ch
Hoc v 1 vng chn
Hoc bng bng thuc tnh

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.2. Truy vn khng gian:
Theo tiu ch thuc tnh
S dng cc cu lnh SQL
V cc gi tr thuc tnh
Vd. Tm nhng khoanh vi t
c Landuse code = 80

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.2. Truy vn khng gian:
Truy vn theo tiu ch kt hp

OR

S dng cc cu lnh SQL

V cc gi tr thuc tnh

AND, OR, NOT

Vd. Tm nhng khoanh vi t
NOT
c Landuse code = 80
And area < 400000 m2

AND

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.2. Truy vn khng gian:
Theo cc mi quan h khng gian
Nm trong (Inside)
Vd. Tm cc im bu c trong nhng
n v hnh chnh cn kho st

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.2. Truy vn khng gian:
Theo cc mi quan h khng gian
Tip gip (Intersect, adjacent)
Vd. Tm cc khoanh vi t tip gip
vi cc khanh vi t ang nghin cu

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.2. Truy vn khng gian:
Theo cc mi quan h khng gian
Trong khong
(within a distance)
Vd. Tm cc ng cch cc
phng khm cha bnh 200 m

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.3. Phn nhm khng gian:
- Lm gim mc chi tit ca d liu bng cc bc
phn loi
- C 2 kiu
1. phn nhm
Classify
2. Gp nhm
Dissovle, Reclassify,
Aggregation
1

1
0

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.1.3. Phn nhm khng gian:
- C 2 kiu phn bc trong cc phn mm GIS
1. Ch ng
User
controlled

1
1

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.1.3. Phn nhm khng gian:
- C 2 kiu phn bc trong cc phn mm GIS
2. T ng:

Equal Interval
(Vmax Vmin)/n

1
2

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

2. o c, truy vn, v phn nhm
2.1.3. Phn nhm khng gian:
- C 2 kiu phn bc trong cc phn mm GIS
2. T ng:

Equal Frequency
S lng T/ n

1
3

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

1
4

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

3. Chng xp khng gian
Ni suy ra lp d liu th 3 t cc lp d liu thnh
phn.
Cc php ton chng xp chun c da trn 2 lp
d liu, c cng h quy chiu, v chng cho ln nhau
Nguyn l c bn l so snh c tnh ti cng mt v
tr trn 2 lp d liu v to ra c tnh mi cho lp d
liu u ra (th 3). Phng php to ra c tnh mi cho
lp d liu u ra l do ngi s dng quyt nh.

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

3. Chng xp khng gian
3.1. Cc php chng xp trn d liu vector
- Intersection

1
5

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

3. Chng xp khng gian
3.1. Cc php chng xp trn d liu vector
- Clip

1
6

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

3. Chng xp khng gian
3.1. Cc php chng xp trn d liu vector
- Union

1
7

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

3. Chng xp khng gian
3.2. Cc php chng xp trn d liu Raster

1
8

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

3. Chng xp khng gian
3.2. Cc php chng xp trn d liu Raster

1
9

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
0

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
- Php Overlay phn tch hoc so snh cc gi tr ti
cng mt v tr,
- Php phn tch lin k phn tch v so snh gi tr ca
mt v tr vi cc v tr xung quanh.

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
1

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
Nhng bi ton cn s dng php phn tch lin k
thng c lin quan n mt vng lin k ca im
phn tch. Vd.
- Tm tt c cc trung tm y t, c s khm cha bnh
trong vng bn knh 2km
- Tm tt c cc vng dn c m im nhim c th
nh hng n trong vng bn knh l 5 km

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
2

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
Nhng bi ton s dng php phn tch lin k khng
ch gii hn vic xc nh vng m, hoc l cc
hng pht trin khng gian, m cn c cc php thng
k hoc cc thng tin lin quan. Vd: tng s dn, thu
nhp bnh qun, trong vng ln cn

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
3

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
Nhng bi ton s dng php phn tch lin k khng
ch gii hn vic xc nh vng m, v cc hng
pht trin khng gian, m cn c cc php thng k,
vd: tng s dn, thu nhp bnh qun, trong vng ln
cn.
Hoc cc thng tin lin quan, vd: xc nh cc khu cng
nghip c nguy c gy nhim cao trong khu vc ln
cn ca khu dn c mi.

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
4

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)

Cc bi ton chnh s dng php phn tch lin k

1. Xc nh vng gii hn: da vo khong cch gii hn,
vd, bn knh hoc khong cch ngn nht
2. Xc nh vng lan to: da vo im ngun pht tn,
hng pht tn l khng xc nh
3. Xc nh hng pht tn: da vo im ngun pht tn,
v cc yu t nh hng n hng pht tn

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
5

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
4.1. Xc nh vng gii hn (Proximity computation)
Vng m (Buffer zone): xc nh mt vng xung quanh
mt i tng trong mt bn knh nht nh

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
6

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
4.1. Xc nh vng gii hn (Proximity computation)
Vng ln cn (Thiessen polygon): xc nh mt vng
xung quanh cc im gc (im nghin cu) sao cho
khong cch gia bt k
im no trong vng n
im gc cng c gi tr
nh nht.

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
7

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
4.2. Xc nh vng lan to (Spread computation)
Ngun pht tn: cc im nhim khng kh, nhim
ngun nc, du loang, Cc im ny pht tn lin tc,
v c th l theo mi hng
B mt i khng: m hnh Grid (raster), mi cell mang gi
tr kh khn cn tr tc pht tn

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
8

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
4.2. Xc nh vng lan to

B mt lan to

Mc lan to t cell gc
(Crs) n Ce l:

Mc lan to t cell gc
(Crs) n Cen l:

Ngun pht tn

Khong cch l nhn t cn

tr
H s khong cch gia cell
hng ngang (Ce) v ng
cho (Cen) l:

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

2
9

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

4. Phn tch lin k (Neibourhood functions)
4.3. Xc nh hng pht tn (Seek computation)
Vd, xc nh hng thot nc ca cc lu vc. Theo
nguyn tc, nc s chy t ch cao xung ch thp. Cc
tnh ton ny thng da vo b mt cao a hnh:

B mt a hnh

Hng dng chy

Tng lng dng chy

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

3
0

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

5. Phn tch mng (Network Analysis)
Cc bi ton phn tch mng c p dng cho cc i
tng dng ng lin kt vi nhau thnh mng li
trong khng gian. Vd, nh mng li giao thng, mng
li sng ngi, mng li in thoi, ..

Mt mng c nh ngha l cc ng ni vi nhau ti

im nt (im u hoc l cui ca 1 ng).

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

5. Phn tch mng (Network Analysis)
Hai bi ton c bn v quan trng ng dng chc nng
phn tch mng l:

1. Tm ng ti u: vd. Tm ng ngn nht, hoc chi

ph r nht cho vic i t im ny n im kia.

2. Phn chia mng li: Phn chia lu vc, khoanh

vng phc v,

3
1

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

3
2

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

5. Phn tch mng (Network Analysis)
5.1. Tm ng ti u
Tiu ch tnh ton thng l di, thi gian i li, ph i
li, hoc mt gi tr no c gn vi tng on
ng.
Theo
th t
A, B,
C, D

ng
ngn
nht t
A -> D

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

5. Phn tch mng (Network Analysis)
5.2. Phn chia mng li
- Khoanh vng phc v: xc nh mng li giao
thng phc v cho vic lu thng ca mt bnh vin,
hay ca mt trung tm thng mi,
Trong
bn
knh
2Km

La
chn
ph hp
cho s
lng
hc sinh
trong
vng

3
3

ng Lin Trung tm Vin Thm

Bi 4: Phn tch khng gian

5. Phn tch mng (Network Analysis)
5.2. Phn chia mng li
- Xc nh dng chy: xc nh dng chy vt cht
trong mng (dng no chy vo dng no)

Xc nh dng chy theo hng

Khng theo hng

3
4

TRUNG TM VIN THM

ArcView GIS
Bi 5

ng Lin

Thc hnh cc chc nng phn

tch khng gian trn d liu Vector
-Chc nng o c khng gian
- Cc chc nng truy vn khng gian
-Cc php tnh ton thng k
- Cc Chc nng chng lp (overlay)

Thc hnh cc chc nng

o c
-Add data layer t 2 file d liu khung.shp v
bacgiang_kv.shp,
- t n v hin th gi tr o trong View Properties
-Dng cng c Measurement c gi tr to
ca cc im gc khung v cc ch giao nhau ca
cc li kinh v ,

Thc hnh cc chc nng

o c

Thc hnh cc chc nng

o c
- Dng cng c Measurement o di ca 2
im trn bn , hoc khong cch gia cc mt
li.

Thc hnh cc chc nng

o c
- Dng cng c V vng o din tch ca mt
vng, v d din tch ca khung bn

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
-Add data layer t
4 file d liu
bacgiang_h.shp
bacgiang_gt.shp,
bacgiang_nt,
diadanh.shp

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- Dng cng c Indentify kim tra ni dung
thuc tnh ca cc i tng trn bn .

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- Dng cng c Select by Attribute truy vn d
liu theo 1 thng tin thuc tnh bit. V d tm
huyn Lng Giang.

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- Dng cng c Select by Attribute truy vn d
liu theo nhiu thng tin thuc tnh bit.
V d: Tm nhng
on ng QL1 l
loi ng nha

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- Dng cng c Select by Attribute truy vn d
liu theo nhiu thng tin thuc tnh bit.
OR

NOT

AND

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn

- Thc hnh s dng cng c Select by Attribute

truy vn d liu theo nhiu thng tin thuc tnh
bit.

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- S dng cng c Select by Location chn i
tng trn data layer

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- S dng cng c Select by data layer chn i
tng da trn mi quan h khng gian giao.

V d p dng cho
i tng ng
giao thng v
vng hnh chnh
Huyn

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- S dng cng c Select by data layer chn i
tng da trn mi quan h khng gian nm
trong.
V d p dng cho
i tng cc
im dn c v
vng hnh chnh
Huyn

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Truy vn
- S dng cng c Select by data layer chn i
tng da trn mi quan h khng gian gia cc
data layer d liu m.

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Phn tch khng gian trn d liu
Vector
- Add data layer t file d liu bacgiang_xa.shp
- Khi dng GeoProcessing wizard.

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Phn tch khng gian trn d liu
Vector
- S dng chc nng Dissolve gp nhng vng
a gii x trong 1 huyn thnh 1 vng huyn

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Phn tch khng gian trn d liu
Vector
- S dng chc nng clip ct ng giao thng
theo 1 vng a gii huyn chn

Thc hnh cc chc nng

Phn tch khng gian trn d liu
Vector
- Thc hnh ht cc chc nng trong
GeoProcessing wizard s dng cc data layer
m

TRUNG TM VIN THM

ArcView GIS
Bi 6

ng Lin

Thc hnh cc chc nng phn

tch khng gian trn d liu Raster
- Cc v d ng dng
- To d liu b mt t d liu TIN hoc im c
gi tr
- Chc nng ni suy
-Chc nng chng lp

Cc v d ng dng
1.1 Ci to t v trnh nhim mi trng
dinh dng ca t
c o ti cc im ly
mu t
B mt dinh dng ca
t trn ton cnh ng
Tnh ra lng phn bn
cn thit cho tng khu
vc

300 m cch sng s khng

bn phn trnh nhim

Cc v d ng dng
1.2. M hnh ho mc nh hng ting n ca sn bay n
khu vc xung quanh
Sn bay

Khong cch t sn bay

Overlay vi b mt
nhim ting n ni suy t
nhng im o ting n

Khong cch tng dn t

mu vng n mu xanh

Cc v d ng dng
1.3. Xc nh khu vc phc v
V tr ca Nh ht

Khu vc mi nh ht s
phc v

V d tng t trong trng hp xc nh vng ph

sng ca cc ct thu pht sng

Cc v d ng dng
1.4. Xc nh mt pht tn xung quanh cc im mang gi
tr
V tr ca Thnh ph v
tng s dn

Mt dn s

V d tng t trong trng hp pht tn nhim

ca cc im nhim
back

Cc v d ng dng
1.5. M hnh ho b mt a hnh

Phn tng mu cao

ng bnh

Cc v d ng dng
1.6. M hnh ho b mt a hnh

M hnh lp th

Phn tch cc im c
th quan st c da
vo cao v gc chp

Cc v d ng dng
1.7. M hnh ho b mt a hnh

Ni suy dc

Ni suy hng phi

Cc v d ng dng
1.8. Nghin cu kh nng gy nhim theo dng chy

Hng dng chy trn

c ni suy t b mt
a hnh

im nhim
Dng pht tn cht
nhim

To d liu b mt
-Khi ng Spatial Analyst Extension

To d liu b mt
-Add theme Ctin1

To d liu b mt
-Convert theme Ctin1 thnh Grid F48a3

To d liu b mt
-Dng cc cng c get Information v symbology
kho st v thay i thang tng mu hin th d
liu

To d liu b mt
-Add theme dc_F48a3.shp

To d liu b mt
-Ni suy b mt grid t nhng im c gi tr

To d liu b mt
-Ni suy b mt grid t nhng im c gi tr

Ba phng php ni suy: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW),

Spline, va Kriging
IDW: gi tr ca cc cell trn b
mt u ra s ph thuc vo khong
cch ca cell n im. Nhng cell
gn s c gi tr ln hn
Khong cch gii hn tnh ton
c th l chu vi xc nh (Fix)
hoc s im gn k (Variable).

To d liu b mt
-Ni suy b mt grid t nhng im c gi tr

Spline: l mt phng php ni suy chung nht.

N nn b mt i qua nhng im u vo.
Phng php ny c s dng tt nht
cho ni suy cc b mt un ln nh
cao a hinh, cao mt nc,
hoc b mt nhim.
S im cng nhiu th b
mt ni suy cng chnh
xc

To d liu b mt
-Ni suy b mt grid t nhng im c gi tr

Kriging: ging nh IDW, Kriging cng ni suy gi tr cho cc im

xung quanh mt im gi tr. Nhng im
gn im gc s b anh hng nhiu hn
Nhng im xa. Tuy nhin, trong phng
php Kriging, gi tr ca cc im c
gn khng ch ph thuc vo khoang cch
m cn ph thuc vo s phn b khng
gian gia cc im. Diu ny lm cho cc
gi tr ni suy mang tnh tng quan khng
gian nhiu hn.

Ni suy
-Ni suy ng bnh khong cao u 100m t
Grid F48a3

Ni suy
-Ni suy dc t Grid F48a3

Chng lp
- Tr 2 grid b mt a hnh xc nh mc sai
lch v gi tr

Chng lp
- Tr 2 grid b mt a hnh xc nh mc sai
lch v gi tr

TRUNG TM VIN THM

ArcView GIS
Bi 7

ng Lin

Cc chc nng phn tch 3D

- To b mt t d liu c gi tr z
- Trnh by v hin th TIN
- Tnh ton din tch v th tch ca 1 b mt
- Ni suy cc gi tr ca b mt (ging SA)

To b mt
- Khi ng 3D Analyst Extension
- Add theme dc_f48a3.shp, F48a3.shp,
laichau_h.shp

To b mt
- To m hnh TIN cho huyn Mng T

Trnh by, hin th

- Thay i thang tng mu hin th

Tnh ton
- Tnh ton th tch v din tch b mt

Ni suy
- Convert TIN ca huyn Mng T sang Grid
- Ni suy b mt dc
- Ni suy hng phi
- Ni suy ng bnh ..

TRUNG TM VIN THM

ArcView GIS
Bi 8

ng Lin

Cc khi nim bn
- Gii thiu chung
- C s ton hc ca bn
- i tng bn
- Phng php th hin bn

Cc khi nim bn
i vi tt c cc nghin cu a l: u vo l bn
v u ra cng l bn .
Bn c s dng:
- D liu u vo cho 1 h GIS
- Trnh by cc kt qu v giao tip vi cc qu trnh x
l thng tin ca GIS
- Cng c tr li cc cu hi: Ci g, u, khi no

Cc khi nim bn
Tr li cho cu hi ci g:
vd. Loi t s dng no l ch yu trong khu vc

Cc khi nim bn
Tr li cho cu hi u:
vd. Bn th hin cc nc c sinh vin n hc trng
ITC-H Lan

Cc khi nim bn
Tr li cho cu hi khi no:
vd. Bn th hin lch s pht trin ca H Lan

Cc khi nim bn
Bn l mt sn phm va mang tnh cht khoa hc,
va mang tnh cht ngh thut.
- Mc ch
- Ni dung
- C s ton hc
- Phng php trnh by bn

Cc khi nim bn
So snh bn v nh hng khng

Cc khi nim bn
C 2 loi bn chnh:
- Bn a hnh
- Bn chuyn :
+ Chuyn t nhin
+ Chuyn kinh t x hi

Cc khi nim bn
Mc ch nh hng n ni dung ca bn .

B Mt dn c

B Lu vc sng ngi

Cc khi nim bn
Mc ch nh hng n t l v cc thng s v c s
ton hc ca bn .
V d:
- Bn a chnh c xy dng vi mc ch qun l
ranh gii, hin trng ca cc tha t => t l ln 1: 500
n 1: 5000, php chiu UTM, mi 30.
- Bn kh hu c xy dng vi mc ch nghin
cu ng i ca cc cn bo hoc s thay i thi
tit ca Vit Nam => t l rt nh 1: 1 triu n 1: 10
triu

C s ton hc ca bn
Cc thng s v c s ton hc s dng th hin cc
i tng, hin tng a l ln mt phng gm:
- E-lip-x-t quy chiu
- H to
- Php chiu
- T l bn

C s ton hc ca bn
1. Elipsoid quy chiu

B mt tri t
li, lm rt
phc tp,

B mt Geoid: b mt
nc bin lun vung
gc vi hng dy di

Elipsoid tri t:
Trng lng= Geoid
Tm = Tm ca T
Mt phng xch o
trng vi T,

C s ton hc ca bn
1. Elipsoid quy chiu

Tng bnh phng ca chnh lch gia cc im

trn Elpoid Tri t vi trn Geoid theo chiu thng
ng phi nh nht.

C s ton hc ca bn
Name

Date a (m)

b (m)

Use

Everest

1830

6377276

6356079

India, Burma, Sri Lanka

Bessel

1841

6377397

6356079

Airy
Clarke
Clarke
Helmert
International
(or Hayford)
Krasovsky
GRS80
WGS84

1849
1866
1880
1907
1924

6377563
6378206
6378249
6378200
6378388

6356257
6356584
6356515
6256818
6356912

Central Europe, Chile,

Indonesia
Great brittain
North America, Philippines
France, Africa (parts)
Africa (parts)
World

1940
1980
1984

6378245
6378137
6378137

6356863
6356752
6356752

Russia, Eastern Europe

North America
World (GPS measurements)

C s ton hc ca bn
Elipsoid tri t ny cn cn c t v tr sao cho b mt
ca Elipsoid ph hp nht vi b mt ca Geoid ti v tr lnh
th cn thnh lp ban . Elipsoid sau khi c nh v c gi
l Elipsoid quy chiu.
Cc quc gia
khc nhau
s c cc Elipsoid
quy chiu khc nhau

C s ton hc ca bn
Elipsoid quy chiu ca Vit Nam l:
WGS 84 H VN 2000
Kraxovxki H H Ni 72

C s ton hc ca bn
2. H to
Kinh : Gc gia mt
phng kinh tuyn i
qua P v mt i qua
kinh tuyn gc
(greenwich)
V : l gc gia mt
phng xch o v
ng thng ng i
qua im hng vo
trong v vung gc
vi mt Elipsoid

H to a l (,)
Map plane
Y

pole

Greenwich

P'(x,y)

P (,)

equator

Reference surface
( ellipsoid )

C s ton hc ca bn
Tu thuc vo tng php
chiu.

H to phng (x,y)
Map plane
Y

pole

Gc to l giao ca
Greenwich

V tuyn gc (x) v
Kinh tuyn gc (y)

P'(x,y)

P (,)

equator

Reference surface
( ellipsoid )

C s ton hc ca bn
3. Php chiu

Cc php chiu hinh

c s dng chiu
cc im trn b mt
Elipsoid ln mt mt
nn, mt tr hay l mt
mt phng. Sau b
mt ca cc hinh chiu
ny s c biu din
trn mt phng
Mt im (,) trn b mt Elipsoid quy chiu
Tng ng vi mt im (x,y) trn Mt phng

C s ton hc ca bn
Tng ng vi cc mt chiu l cc php chiu:

Hnh tr,

hnh nn,

v phng v

C s ton hc ca bn
Ph thuc vo v tr gia trc quay ca tri t v trc ca
hnh chiu, cc php chiu cng c chia ra lm ba loi:

Thng,

Ngang

v Nghing.

C s ton hc ca bn

Php chiu
hnh tr

C s ton hc ca bn

Php chiu
hnh nn

C s ton hc ca bn

Php chiu
phng v

C s ton hc ca bn
Bt k mt php chiu bn no cng gn lin vi sai s.
Khi s dng cc php chiu biu th cc phn t trn b
mt tri t ln bn , cc phn t ny c gi ng v tr
a l nhng s c sai s v hnh dng hoc din tch.

Da vo c im sai s ca php chiu, cc php chiu

c chia ra lm 3 loi: php chiu gi gc, gi din tch v
php chiu gi khong cch

C s ton hc ca bn
- Php chiu gi gc: Hnh dng v gc c biu din
chnh xc.

C s ton hc ca bn
- Php chiu gi din tch: Din tch c biu din chnh
xc.

C s ton hc ca bn
- Php chiu gi
khong cch:
khong cch t 1
hoc 2 im hoc
dc theo mt
ng no
c biu din
chnh xc.

C s ton hc ca bn
Php chiu bn thng c t tn theo tn ca ngi
xy dng, v d:
- Php chiu hnh tr thng gi din tch Lambert,
- Php chiu hnh tr ngang gi gc Mercator
(Transverse Mercator).

C s ton hc ca bn
Php chiu bn c chn thnh lp bn ph
thuc vo:
- Din tch v hnh dng lnh th
- Mc ch thnh lp bn
- V tr ca lnh th thnh lp bn

C s ton hc ca bn

C s ton hc ca bn
Php chiu bn no c chn thnh lp cc bn
trn lnh th Vit Nam?
- Gauss
- UTM
- Hnh nn ct 2 v tuyn chun

C s ton hc ca bn
Php chiu Guass Kruger
(Transverse Mercator)
Hnh tr ngang ng gc
tip xc

Mi 60 c h s bin dng
chiu di k= 1

C s ton hc ca bn
Php chiu UTM
(Universal Transverse Mercator)
Hnh tr ngang ng gc
Mi 60 c h s bin dng chiu
di k= 0.9996
Mi 30 c h s bin dng chiu
di k= 0.9999

C s ton hc ca bn
Php chiu hnh nn ct 2 v
tuyn chun 110 v 210
Dng cho cc bn t l nh
th hin ton b lnh th Vit
Nam

C s ton hc ca bn
T l thu nh cc i tng trn b mt tri t ln trn bn
.
Quy c th hin l: 1: M (M l mu s ca t ln bn )
V d: Bn t l 1: 10 000 c th gi l bn 10 000

1 n v o trn bn = M n v o ngoi thc a

V d: 1 milimt trn bn = 10 mt ngoi thc a

Cc i tng bn
Ph thuc vo t l quy c thu nh i tng m cc
i tng bn c biu din ba dng:
im, ng, v Vng
- im: s dng cho cc i tng mang tnh cht c lp,
ch trng vo v tr ca i tng.
- ng: s dng cho cc i tng dng tuyn, ch trng
vo v tr, hnh dng v di ca i tng.
- Vng: s dng cho cc i tng cn biu th chnh xc
v tr, hnh dng, v chu vi hay din tch.

Cc i tng bn
Mi mt i tng bn u mang cc thng tin
thuc tnh i km.

- nh tnh: tn, loi, hoc mt gi tr nh tnh no y.

Cc thng tin ny thng l ring bit, ri rc. V d tn
cc n v hnh chnh, loi t cc khoanh vi t

- nh lng: cc thng tin c th o, m c, c th

chia khong. V d: mt dn s, nhit , cao,

Cc phng php trnh by

Cc i tng v cc thng tin bn c th hin
trn bn thng qua cc thuc tnh ho c bn
sau:
- Kiu k hiu: k hiu biu din nh khc vi k hiu
bnh vin, khc vi k hiu trng hc.
- Mu sc: ao h mu xanh l, rng mu xanh l cy,..
- Kch thc: ng ranh gii quc gia m hn ng
ranh gii tnh,
- Hng (gc quay): k hiu hm m quay ln l m ang
khai thc, nu quay xung ngng hot ng

Cc phng php trnh by

1. Cc phng php biu din thng tin nh tnh
Cc i tng c tnh cht
khc nhau th biu din cc
thng s ho khc nhau.
V d: Cc loi t khc nhau
c th hin mu sc khc
nhau.
Cc thng s ho cng
ring bit th cng d nhn
bit

Cc phng php trnh by

2. Cc phng php biu din thng tin nh lng
Vi cc thng tin nh lng
mang tnh cht tuyt i. V
d nh tng s dn.
S dng phng php biu
Biu trn
Biu ct

Cc phng php trnh by

2. Cc phng php biu din thng tin nh lng
Vi cc thng tin nh lng
mang tnh cht tuyt i.
V d nh cao, nhit
S dng phng php ng
ng tr
Cc ng ng mc th hin
gi tr ca cc im m n i
qua

Cc phng php trnh by

2. Cc phng php biu din thng tin nh lng
Vi cc thng tin nh lng
mang tnh cht tng i
hoc tnh theo t l no . V
d nh mt dn s.
S dng phng php nn
gii
S dng cng mt tng mu
nhng c gi tr m nht
khc nhau

Cc phng php trnh by

2. Cc phng php biu din thng tin nh lng
Vi cc thng tin nh lng
mang tnh cht tng i
hoc tnh theo t l no . V
d nh phn tng mu
cao.
S dng phng php nn
gii
S dng cng mt tng mu
nhng c gi tr m nht
khc nhau

Cc phng php trnh by

Mt s cc ng dng cng ngh 3D trong trnh by
bn .

Cc phng php trnh by

Mt s cc ng dng cng ngh 3D trong trnh by
bn .

Trnh by bn kt qu
-Tng hp cc kt qu bi tp ca cc bi hc

- S dng cng c Layout ca ArcView

trnh by v in 1 bn Dc huyn Mng
T.