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precipitation reactions
coal burning
Moderately fast:
Slow:
oil forming
silver tarnishing
During a chemical reaction, the reactants get used up as products are formed. We
can measure the speed of reaction by measuring the amount of a reactant used
up per unit time, i.e.
The speed of a reaction can also be measured in terms of the amount of a product
formed/obtained per unit time, i.e.
For a chemical reaction that produces a gas, the speed of reaction can be found by
measuring the volume of gas produced per unit time, i.e.
The speed of a reaction can also be found by measuring the changes in mass of a
reaction mixture. This method works best for reactions which produce gases such as
carbon dioxide.
Concentration:
Increasing the concentration means there's more of the reactants in the same
volume. Thus with more particles there will be more collisions, and there will be
higher chance of effective collisions, thus increasing the rate of reaction.
Pressure:
This is just like concentration, but it's more to do with gaseous reactants. With
higher pressure--more particles--more collisions--higher chance of effective
collisions--increase rate of reaction.
Surface area:
The bigger the surface area, the more chance of collisions, ditto above. Same thing.
It's all about having more collisions, thus more effective collisions which increase
rate of reaction. E.g. if you had a piece of metal, and you cut it into many smaller
pieces, it would react faster with acid because the acid will have more area of the
metal to collide with.
Temperature:
The higher the temperature, the more thermal energy is transferred to kinetic
energy for the particles, thus they move faster and collide more often. If they have
more energy, it is likelier that they will have minimum activation energy therefore
there will be more effective collisions. And for a change, the rate of reaction
increases... :P
In general, when any factor increases the rate of effective collisions between
reacting particles, it will also increase the speed of reaction.