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http://www.scribd.com/doc/69702956/GSM-Interference-Analysis
Course Description
Introduction to Course
To introduce
affection brought by interference to the GSM
system, fault locationm e t h o d a n d t r o u b l e s h o o t i n g m e t h o d , t h i s c
o u r s e h e r e b y l i s t s o u t t h e p o s s i b l e interference sources, and offers
description
of
cases
to
facilitate
fault
location
and
troubleshooting. The
main
contents of the course
a r e a s f o l l o w s : o v e r v i e w , classification of interference source, judgment
method, location and troubleshooting, anti-interference measures, introduction
to instrument interference test, etc.
Course Objective
After completed the course, you can:
get the cause of interference and master the method of locating the
interference source
Master the method of overcoming interference.
Relevant Materials
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n
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t
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e
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w
GSM Principle
and Network Optimization Han Binjie Mobile Communication Engineering
Lu ErRui
Chapter 1 Overview
Frequency resource is a kind of rare resource. In GSM system,
frequency reuse is very necessary for GSM system to provide enough capacity.
Frequency reuse means that same frequency can be used simultaneously in several
cells when the distance between them is far enough. The distance between
the cells allocating the same frequency is called the reuse distance. And the
ratio between
the
reuse
distance
andthe cell radius is called cofrequency interference factor. For certain frequency resource, the network
capacity will be larger if the frequency reuse is more tight, but the interference will
be stronger because the reuse distance becomes nearer .The interference caused by
frequency
reuse
is
called
internal
network
interference
(iti s a l s o c a l l e d i n t e r n a l s y s t e m i n t e r f e r e n c e ) . B e s i d e s , t h e G S
M n e t w o r k m a y b e affected by interference from other communication
systems. Judging from the aspects such as conversation quality, call
drop, handover and congestion, it is found that interference situation is one of
the most important factor that affects the network. How to reduce or eliminate
interference
is
now
becomingt h e p r i n c i p a l t a s k o f n e t w o r k p l a n n i n g a n d o p t i m i z a t i o
n . T h i s d o c u m e n t h e r e i n provides a systemic description of interfere
nce source, interference location andtroubleshooting on the basis of experience of
experts.
1.T h e r e a r e L e v e l 4 ~ L e v e l 5 i n t e r f e r e n c e b a n d i n T
C H m e a s u r e m e n t function , and the measurement value is more than 1.
2.Congestion rate is comparatively high (As there is interference in SDCCH
channel, immediate assignment or TCH assignment will fail).
3. The call drop rate is higher than other cells.
4. The handover success rate is low.
5. Through Drive Test, it is found that:
6. it is difficult to handover .
7. The Rx level is high, but the quality is bad.
8.
Through tracing the Abis interface signaling with signalin
g a n a l y z e r (MA10/K1205), it is found that the bit error rate is higher than
other cells
Interference Sources
1.2 Classification of Interference Sources
The interference sources of mobile communication system/noise are mainly
classes as follows:
K.From the research data of ITT, it can be viewed that the atmosphere
noise and solar n o i s e i s c o m p a r a t i v e l y l o w i n
30~1000MHz, which can be ignored.
And above100MHz, as the radio noise of galaxy is lower
t h a n t h e t h e r m a l n o i s e o f t y p i c a l receiver; the interference can be
ignored as well. Thus, natural noises (atmosphere noise, galaxy noise
and solar noise) are unnecessarily considered for the mobile
systems above 450MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2000MHz
[3]. The affection of sunspot fastigium on mobile communication is
temporarily unknown, but scientists b e l i e v e t h a t s u n s p o t
f a s t i g i u m h a s g r e a t a f f e c t i o n o n t h e e l e c t r i c p o w e r a n d co
mmunication.According to the research of National Bureau of Standards
(NBS), it is found that the man-made noise is one of the main interference
sources. Among those man-made
interference/noise sources, certain interference is uncontrollable,
such as ignitioninterference of vehicle engine, electric power inte
rference and industrial electric equipment interference. However,
certain interference, such as interference between communication
equipment and internal network interference, which can be overcome by
reasonable, network planning and system optimization. The latter is main
research field of this document.
more than 10% of total handover attempt times, then there may be
interference in thecell. The two indices are all related to quality
6 , t h e n t h e c e l l s h o u l d b e l i s t e d i n t o t h e interference
source.
4. Discovering potential interference via interference band
BTS will utilize an idle TS in a frame to scan the uplink frequencies of the
frequenciesused by TRX, and then make measurement to the level
5)
Observe the RXM test interface of CDU with the spectrum analyzer in peak
hour in the daylight, it can be seen that unstable strong broadband
interference andrise of back noise occur.
6)
First replace all boards (TRX, CDU, FPU, HPA, and power board)
of this BTS(BTS20, with Tower Top Amplifier) one by one, at the
same time observe thespectrum signal of RXM test interface, it can be
seen that interference exists allthe time. This indicates that the interference
is relevant with the antenna
feeder (including divider, combiner, feeder, antenna, lightning arre
ster, Tower TopAmplifier, jumper and connector) instead of the board.
7)
Since the above BTS under test has the Tower Mount Amplifier, the antenna andfeeder
check is inconvenient, replace another BTS30(S4/4/4) (dual-CDU, anddualpolarization antenna) with interference and check the antenna feeder.
8)
Since no interference exists in one of the cells while strong interference
exists inanother two cells in the BTS, interchange the antenna and feeder
(changing
the j u m p e r a t t h e t o p o f t h e c a b i n e t ) o f t h e c e l l s w h i
c h a r e w i t h a n d w i t h o u t interference in the BTS in the evening.
Then send idle BURST, it is found thatthe interference follows the antenna
and feeder. This step helps further locatethe fault which should exist in antenna
and feeder system.
9)
The situation remains the same even after replacing lightning arrester
of antennafeeder and checking all jumper connectors. Then it can be sure
that fault existsin the feeder or antenna.
10)
Replace the jumper (i.e., antenna) at the top of the tower, it is
found that theinterference follows the antenna, so the feeder fault can be
excluded while theantenna fault is quite possible. (It should be noted that
the external interferenceat this step cannot be excluded because the
actual installation place of
thea n t e n n a d o e s n o t c h a n g e , b u t t h e e x t e r n a l i n t e r f e r e n c
e h a s a l r e a d y b e e n excluded in the above step. )
11)
Finally check the antenna. The strong interference disappears immediately
after the antenna is replaced on the tower by using the dual-polarization
There are many jumpers from BTS TRX to the antenna, the confusion of
which willlead to high call drop rate.Case 0015303.
Fault description
: a newly constructed BTS is of S333 type and dual
- C D U configuration with the version as 05.0529. The subscriber
complains that it is difficultto make MOC or MTC in the areas covered by
this BTS since the on service. In thetraffic measurement, the SDCCH call
drop rate of one cell in this BTS is up to 50%.There is no alarm in OMC
Fault location process
1)
The causes for the above phenomenon may include:
interference, BSC dataerror, and hardware fault. The location will focus
on these 3 aspects.
2)
The dial test carried out by maintenance engineer of the operator indicates
thatthis fault phenomenon occurs in cell 3. The tick always occurs in the
MS andthe MS returns to the idle mode when it initiates a call, moreover,
only one in four and five times of calling is successful.
3)
From the traffic measurement, it is found that SDCCH call drop rate of this
cell isvery high, i.e., 50%, and moreover, all causes are radio link
loss
connections( e r r o r i n d i c a t i o n ) . B u t T C H a s s i g n m e n t i s n o r m
a l , s o i t c a n b e j u d g e d t h a t SDCCH call drop is the reason why the
MS is difficult to make MOCor MTC.
4)
Further analysis of the traffic measurement indicates that the interference
bando f t h i s c e l l i s n o r m a l , s o t h e i m p a c t o f i n t e r f e r e n c e o n
S D c a l l d r o p c a n b e excluded. Considering that this BTS is a
newly on service, the check should base on data and BTS hardware.
5)
A careful check of the data of this BTS including hardware data
and neworkplanning data shows that there is no error.
6)
It is found that there are 3 carriers in 3 cells of thi
s B T S w i t h d u a l - C D U configuration, the input of two
carriers, which should be connected to thecombiner input
end of CDU, is connected to TX-COMB and TX-DUP
e n d s instead. The fault does not exist after the connection is corrected.
2.2.6 TRX Fault
1)
To locate the frequency with interference, register the traffic measurement
of thecell (a period of 15 minutes) first. Block the carriers one by one. The
number of TCH in interference band 4 ~5 becomes 0 when
blocking carrier 8 (frequency28), indicating that the interference is from
the frequency.
2)
Connect the antenna and feeder of cell 2 with spectrum analyzer, set the
centralfrequency is frequency 28 (895.6MHZ). No external interference
exists throughobserving the level value. So the interference may come from the
equipment.
3)
Interchange the carrier board with interference in cell 2 with normal carrier
boardin cell 3, then observe the traffic measurement. It is found that the
number of idleTCH in interference band 5 of cell 3 becomes 0, while that in
cell 2 becomes 0,too. So it can be sure that the carrier board fault leads to
the interference.
4)
Use Maintenance ConsoleGSM Interface TracingABIS
Interface Tracing,and set the filtering condition to TRX
management message. Then it can befound that the radio
resource indication of all timeslots in this carrier
observed that the BTSclock changes from pull-in status to tracing status.
After removing the jumper andrestoring the original connection, the
BTS clock is out of lock. So the fault is relevant with the slot
multiplexer.
7)
Check of the
program in slot multiplexer shows that all ports are corre
c t l y defined.
8)
Check of grounding of slot multiplexer shows that the power
grounding is allright, but the protection grounding is not connected. All
BTS clocks can trace theupper-level clock normally after
connecting the protection grounding, so theproblem is solved..The
diversity of transmission connection from the BSC to the BTS will easily
lead toBTS fault because of the problem of certain process in the
connection.
Detailedu n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e n e t w o r k i s q u i t e n e c e s s a r y f
or solving the fault, and faultphenomenon can be used to
judge the possible causes. Especially the poor grounding
or contact will generate potential difference which will le
a d t o t h e degradation of transmission quality and affect the stable running of overall
network.
2.2.8 Summary
The fault of any one of the TRX, CDU, feeder, antenna, jumper, and
connector willlead to interference and call drop. This is also proved
by large amount of relatedcases. So check and clearance of BTS
hardware fault should be performed first
asi n t e r f e r e n c e i s f o u n d . A n d i n a d d i t i o n , B T S c l o c k o u t o f - l o c k w i l l a l s o l e a d t o interference and call drop.The hardware
fault, in most cases, can be easily located and handled by exchangingthe
board and analyzing the traffic measurement data. Certainly
the adoption of spectrum analyzer will help locate the problem faster. In
the case that interferenceoccurs suddenly in some cells during the running
of network data to which no datamodification is made, emphasis should be laid on
the clearance of hardware fault
For A~D BTSs shown in the above figure, suppose that frequency N is
assigned for cell A-3, then frequency N cannot be assigned to A1, A2, B1,
B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, D1,D2, and D3; frequency N1 cannot be
assigned to A1, A2, A3, B1, C2, D1, and D2 (without frequency
hopping).The case of co-channel interference is scarce, there are
only one earlier case
ando n e c a s e i n l a b o r a t o r y f o r r e f e r e n c e b e s i d e s t h e
Carry out scan test for this frequency after arriving at the hotel, the signal
levelstill remains high, but the conversation is not implemented on this frequency.
Thenext day, carry out designated scan test at the place with the strongest
signal of this frequency in the street of Huanggang, and test in Idle mode
with another testM S . F r o m t h e s y s t e m m e s s a g e , i t c a n b e
confirmed that 64# frequency
isa s s i g n e d t o t h e T C H i n H G 0 8 c e l l w i t h B C C H
f r e q u e n c y 4 5 , a n d t h e conversation is actually established
once on 64# frequency in multiple times of conversation tests.
5)
The interference disappears after the application is made to the
customer tomodify the frequency. At the same time, the customer should
adjust the adjacentcell relation of peer equipment.
6)
Carry out test again at the place where the original co-channel
interferenceexists after the frequency is modified, the call drop and
network drop disappear,and conversation quality Rx_Qual<3. It indicates
that the problem of co-channelinterference (downlink) is solved.The GSM
is a duplex system, so the interface may occur on both the uplink
anddownlink frequencies. Current Drive Test tools are unable to measure
the co-channelinterference directly, the equipment such as SAFCO, and
ANT with so-called C/I testfunction actually test the C/A. And in
addition, the Drive Test equipment can only measure the downlink
frequency and nothing for the uplink frequency.The co-channel interference in
downlink frequency can be confirmed by using currentDrive Test equipment
to measure it indirectly. First, lock the test MS in the cell of theservice area
to carry out Drive Test of 2~3 hours in continuous conversation mode.
If t h e r e c e i v i n g s i g n a l
in some areas is a relatively high (e.g., -85dBm) while
t h e receiving quality is very low (e.g., RxQual>4), it is quite
possible that co-channelinterference exists in this channel.The
interference of uplink can be judged with the help of interference band
statisticsdata in traffic measurementCase 0008119
Fault phenomenon:
It is found in the training equipment room some day: it is hardfor the MS
to access the network in BTS30 under BSC2. Even it accesses
then e t w o r k n a r r o w l y , i t w i l l d r o p s o o n . T e s t M S
s h o w s t h a t t h e s i g n a l e x i s t s intermittently and the receiving
level is very high (about -50dBm).
Fault location process
1)
The correctness of the data configured by the trainees cannot be ensured
in thetraining equipment room. So load standard data (which is tested to
ensure thatcall can be connected) for BSC2, the fault still exists, so the
data problem can beexcluded.
2)
For the fault phenomenon, it is quite possible that fault occurs in
the carrier board. The fault still exists after replacing the TRX.
3)
Check each process related to the voice for the BT
S: TMU, DIP switch
access the BTS20 . In this way, you tend tothink that it is the fault
of BTS30, but the truth is hidden herein.
8)
The problem is solved after the frequency of BTS30 is modified.
2.3.2 Adjacent-channel Interference
For the cells to which the adjacent channel cannot be allocated, please
refer to thesection supra.Case 0003451Fault description: the customer
reports that the call drop often occurs in the office during
optimization of a certain area. The traffic statistic data and Drive Test data
arenormal, The BTS distribution and topology map of frequency planning
are shown asfollows:
In the figure, red stands for BCCH frequencies, while black for
TCH frequencies.
Fault location process
1)
T h o r o u g h t e s t r e v e a l s t h a t t h e l e v e l o f c h a n n e l 1 12 i s u p
t o - 7 3 d B m i n t h e position of call drop. First we think the test is
incorrect, but several tests indicatesthat channel 112 exists from BTS
A to B, and the level of which is even up to-70dBm at some
places. When the MS occupies the channel 111, call drop occurs
due to interference of channel 112.
2)
Test MS indicats that channel 112 is BCCH channel in D3 cell by
distinguishingCGI.
3)
Surveying in BTS D reveals that antenna of D3 cell is installed on a
platform atthe top of the building, while 8m away there is one house in
glass structure whichis 4m lower than the platform. Testing near the
antenna. The transmitting signalof antenna is about -26dBm, while
the strength of test signal near the glass is unexpectedly up to 14dBm. The signal by complete reflection of glass and leadsto overlap
,then cause interference and call drop.
4)
It is recommended that the customer should change the installation position
of the antenna.To meet the emergency: exchange frequency 111
of BTS A withfrequency 114; increase the downtilt angle of
antenna in A3 cell; adjust thedirection angle of frequency 113 in C1
cell to avoid the interference of frequency114 after the exchange.
5)
The test is all right after the modification. Frequency 113 of BTS C will work
nointerference for frequency 114, and the call drop disappears.Case
0004034Fault phenomenon: The call drop ratio is universally high and even
up to about 15%in busy hour after several BTSs are cut over. And it is
difficult for the call to be set upduring on-site test. There is no alarm
message in OMC system
Fault location process
1)
All BTSs are connected to the same BSC, and call drop occurs after
cutover of new BTSs.
2)
The transmission quality is good, and TRX test is carried out for the above
BTSwith call drop and this indicates that each TRX is all right. No fault is
found bychecking the data and carrying out the test for 32BIE port
corresponding to theBTSs. From the above analysis, the TRX fault, BSC
hardware fault, A interfacecircuit fault and transmission fault can
be excluded.
3)
Analysis of traffic measurement result reveals that serious interference
occurs ineach cell of the above several BTS. Most cells have
measurement values ininterference band 4 and 5, and the number of
channels falling into interferenceband 5 in several cells is up to 7. So it is
sure that the interference in the aboveseveral cells is quite serious.
4)
It is found that there are many adjacent channels and the frequency
planning isirrational after checking the frequency configuration
of above BTSs and theadjacent cells. Especially, the area where the
above BTSs are located, is newlyadded, and interference exists among
them. And they also have interference inbetween them and the surrounding
running BTSs.
5)
Call drop disappears after adjusting and loading the frequency
configuration of this area.
2.3.3 Interference Caused by Over-coverage
The objective of one rationally designed network is that each cell only
covers the areaaround the BTS and the MS resides in the nearest cell. The
over-coverage is that theservice range of a certain cell is too wide that the
signal level at an interval of morethan 1 BTS is still strong to let the MS
reselect or hand over to it. It is a phenomenonin which the actual cell
service range deviates from the designed service
range,leading to irrational traffic loading, interference,
call drop, congestion, hand over failure, etc.Case 0005164
Fault phenomenon:
The hand over success rate of a certain GSM network is low,the call drop
rate is high and conversation quality is poor. The hand over successrate is
less than 80%, and the call drop rate is more than 2%. It is found that there
aremany times of downlink/uplink strength hand overs through
view and analysis of traffic measurement data. while there are many
times of bad downlink quality, anduplink strength among the times of
unsuccessful handover. The analysis of cause of call drop indicates that the
times of bad downlink quality are more than those of baduplink quality . There
is no alarm message in OMC system
Fault location process
1)
From the result of traffic measurement, it can be ju
d g e d t h a t d o w n l i n k interference may exist in the system or the
coverage is not very good.
2)
The actual result of Drive Test shows that the strength of outdoor signal can
beup to -80dBm above in the downtown area, that is to say, the
coverage is allright. But serious over-coverage exists. For example, the
service cell used in thebuilding where BTS A is located is cell B with the
same BCCH frequency as cellA1, while cell B is 6 kilometers away from
BTS A in the suburb. In this way,
thep r o b l e m e x i s t s i n t w o a s p e c t s : 1 . T h e s i g n a l o f c
e l l B f o r m s c o - c h a n n e l interference which leads to poor downlink
link quality in coverage area of cell 1 of BTS A. It is found that **** is
displayed in the test MS when this cell is lockedduring the test. 2. When
cell B is selected as the service cell, its adjacent cell isonly geographically
adjacent to it, while the cell near the BTS A does not functionas its
adjacent cell. So when its signal is unavailable, the effect of
isolatedisland will occur because the signal of its adjacent cell is poor,
too. Then handover fault and even call drop will easily occur. The on-site
survey shows that theantenna of cell B is hung 50m above. The data
provided by the customer revealsthat the tilt angle is 5, which is actually
far less than 5
3)
The cause for bad network indices lies in over-coverage, so
the basic way isadopted to lower the antenna and adjust downtilt of it to
make actual coveragearea consistent with planned coverage area.
Temporarily this problem can onlybe solved by adjusting the network
parameter. The following operations can beadopted: lower the power level
of cell B and add the adjacent cell of cell B, at thesame time increase
the level threshold of candidate cell from 10 to 15.
Then e t w o r k i n d i c e s e x h i b i t o b v i o u s i m p r o v e m e n t a f t e r t h e
a b o v e c h e c k a n d modification are performed for all cells in the
Carry out test on site with antenna feeder analyzer. No problem of BTS
itself isfound, and the situation remains the same after TMU is replaced.
Therefore,
wea s k c u s t o m e r s w h e t h e r t h e r e a r e s u c h n e w l y c o n s t r u c t e
d e q u i p m e n t a s microwave station, repeater, etc. surrounding the BTS.
They told that they didntset up them. It is said that China Mobile sets up a
repeater in the area, which islocated about two kilometers away in the north
lean to the west of both BTSs of Huawei, and when it is activated, the
problem will occur in Huawei BTS.
Thencustomers negotiated with
China Mobile several times. Finally China Mobilecarried out on-site
test with Huawei engineers together, and found that only if therepeater is
switched off, the interference band and call become normal
alongwith the recovery of Huawei BTS, if the repeater is activated,
problem will occur soon in Huawei BTS, i.e. call cannot be put
through, or interference is strong even after call is put through. The
traffic measurement relevant with interferenceband in two different cases
was handed on to China Mobile, and they
approvedo u r v i e w p o i n t . F i n a l l y t h e p r o b l e m i s s o l v e d w i t h t
h e c o o r d i n a t i o n o f C h i n a Mobile.
2.5 Off-network Interference
External interference sources are TV station, high-power
broadcasting station,microwave, radar, high-voltage
power line, analogue BTS, CDMA, GSM BTS of another operater, etc.
2.5.1 Microwave Interference
Case 0001084Fault phenomenon: it is found that call drop rate in
the second and third cell of acertain BTS (S2/2/2) in traffic
measurement increases abruptly. Call drop rate is up toabout 20% at some
time.
Fault location process
1)
View of BSC traffic measurement shows that idle TCH number in
interferenceband in this BTS begins to increase in interference
band 3-5 at about 8:30, ininterference band 4, 5 at 10:00, and
in interference band 1 at about 22:00. It can be judged from the above
phenomenon that interference exists.
2)
Since this BTS operates well before, the problem of frequency planning can
beexcluded.
3)
Perform power-off restart and replace board for BTS. But interference still
exists,so the possibility of TRX self-excitation can be excluded.
4)
TRX management information reveals that interference exists in four
boards of the second and third cell in this BTS, and the possibility of
damage of the four boards at the same time is little, so the problem of TRX
can be excluded. TRXboard is replaced for caution, but interference
remains
5)
View of all BSC traffic measurement data shows that interference
of differentlevels exists in the cells of all BTSs nearby, which is facing the
same direction asthe second and third cells in this BTS. And sometimes
SDCCH channels in
thec e l l s w i t h s e r i o u s i n t e r f e r e n c e a r e a l l o c c u p i e d a t t h e s
a m e t i m e , w h i l e t h e occupancy ratio of SDCCH at the same time is
very little according to the amountof subscriber. So it can be sure that
external interference exists in uplink, but theinterference may be relevant
with direction instead of frequency.
6)
To further locate, jumpers of the first and third cell are interchanged on the
rackt o p . A s a r e s u l t , i t i s f o u n d t h a t i n t e r f e r e n c e o c
c u r s i n t h e f i r s t c e l l , b u t interference disappears in the third
cell, so this has proved the above judgement.
7)
Since interference is not relevant with frequency,
BTS interference may becaused by high-power signal sent into BTS
system.
8)
Measurement on BTS divider output port with spectrum analyzer
shows thath i g h power signal exists on 904MHz frequency (5M away from
t h e u s e d frequency), and this signal level come up to about 25dbm in
BTS with seriousinterference, while in other BTS it is about 50dbm. So it
can be judged that thissignal has impact on BTS.
9)
After frequency scanning around BTS with spectrum analyzer, it is found
that amicrowave antenna outputting high-power signal is at a frequency of 904.
10)
When the microwave equipment is switched off and
T R X m a n a g e m e n t information is traced, the interference
disappeared.
2.5.2 High-power Broadcasting Station Interference
Case 0000279
Fault phenomenon:
the quality of MS call is very poor in the morning of the third day
(Monday) after a BTS cutover, and it is hard to make calls 2 km away from
theBTS. The voice is under a serious interference, and the
complaint of subscriber increases obviously. Interference band is found large in
traffic measurement of OMC.
Fault location process
1)
When Drive Test is carried out around the BTS, it is found that MSs RX
signallevel (downlink level) has little change (about 60dBm), but the signal
quality RQhas too much change, it will jump from 0 to 7 and call drop
occurs.
2)
The fault remains the same after the TRX corresponding to the
frequency isreplaced. It is suspected that fault is caused by external
interference.
very high. As for BSC, BTS of module 4 selects A interface link first
to transmit signaling. There are three links on module 4 of BSC, Two of
which correspond to module 4 of MSC. So if the MS is used under module
4 BTS, there is a possibility of 2/3 to be assigned to thecircuit of MSC
module 4. 128 of MSC module 4 circuits has fault (corresponding toBSC 4
module) (the proportion of failed circuit of MSC module 4 is
128/576) and itmay bring about problems of voice quality. The highest
rate of occurrence of fault (allhave fault when 128 circuits is busy) is about
2/3 * 128/576 = 15 %. In fact the fault of dial test under BTS is 10 % or so.
2.7 False Interference
Sometimes we made great efforts to check, but only find that it is false
alarm in the end. In fact the interference is false. Indeed it is better to have
no interference thanhave it.
Fault phenomenon:
the reconstruction of some office found that the interference band
of an S6/6/6 BTS20 in a county is very high. Theinterference band of two
cellsin it changed from 5 to 7.
Fault location process
1)
During the past interference test ofthis office, some cells with high
interferenceband were located. This is because antenna
intermodulation resulted in theinterference of normal signal in case of
large traffic and it made the interferenceband very high. So change the
antenna, but the interference band did not fall down obviously after
that.
2)
During the prior period, the frequency planning has been checked several
times,and the ad-frequency interference has been avoided basically. At the
same timethe frequency that may cause third order
intermodulation in the cell has been adjusted. The problem of
frequency planning has been basically excluded. It isunknown whether
there is something wrong with Tower Top Amplifier, feeder or connector. But
no problem was found after checking the antenna feeder systemof the BTS
several times.
3)
Trace the state of interference band of each channel via Maintenance
Consoleand find that high interference band mainly focuses on the four TRXs of the cell.
4)
First set the frequency with less interference to the TRX with more
interference,and find that the interference band does not change. It shows
Screw out the selected connector, then use Coaxial Cable to import the
outputsignal of divider to the Spectrum Analyzer;
4)
View the spectrum distribution state of the Spectrum Analyzer, and find out
theabnormal interference signal. The way to calculate the level of
interference signalis as follows:Antenna port interference level =
interference level tested by the Spectrum Analyzer 15dB Tower Top Amplifier
Gain + 3dB cable loss 7dB divider gain.For example: Antenna port interference
level = - 65dBm-15+3-7=-84dBmNote: Cable loss may vary with cable
length.The standard for judging weather interference level has
impact on the system isdescribed as follows
(2) The maximum interference level at divider output port without influence
onsystem = -117dBm+15-3+7 = -98dBm
5.3 The way to Search External Interference Sources
The location of interference source can be examined via BTS divider output
port. If itis required to find the more detailed location of
interference source, walk out of equipment room, and use
the directional antenna with strong directionality mentionedabove to make a
search, The steps for searching are as follows:
1)
In the cell under interference, select a test point without building
obstruction.
2)
Set the Spectrum Analyzer, and connect the directional antenna.
3)
If there is rotatable platform, the antenna can be placed on it,
and
make
thew a v e b e a m o f t h e
antenna
point to the
f r o n t , a n d t h e a n t e n n a w i t h v e r t i c a l polarization should be placed
vertically; if there is no interferent signal, one canraise the antenna over
head with hands. Rotate the antenna slowly, and at thesame time view