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Infective Stage:
Entamoeba histolytica
Cyst
Entamoeba coli
Cyst
Endolimax nana
Cyst
Iodamoeba buetschlii
Cyst
1-4
Bulls eye karyosome
1-4
Ground glass appearance;
cross-eyed karyosome
Comma-bacilliform
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst
thru contaminated water or
food
Cecum
Trophozoite
Usually 1
2/3 glycogen vacuole; Iodine
cyst of Wenyoun
IMAGE
Cigar-shaped
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst thru
contaminated water or food
1-8
Jagged or splintered ends
chromatoidal bodies
Whisk broom
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst thru
contaminated water or food
Habitat
Pathogenic Stage
Cecum
Trophozoite
Cecum
Trophozoite
Ingested RBC
Pseudopodia
(finger-like)
Active, Progressive, Directional
Dirty cytoplasm
Pseudopodia
(short and blunt)
Sluggish, Non-progressive nor
directional
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst thru
contaminated water or food
Cecum
Trophozoite
IMAGE
Diagnostic feature
Locomotive apparatus
Motility
Mechanism of disease
production
MGS
Pseudopodia
(finger-like)
Sluggish
Lytic Necrosis
Page 1
Giardia lamblia
Cyst
Chilomastix mesnili
Cyst
Trichomnas vaginalis
Trophozoite
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trophozoite
Balantidium coli
Cyst
4
Retracted cytoplasm; 4
pairs of axoneme
1
Nipple-like projection;
Lemon-shaped
Siderophil granules
Tetracoccic appearance
of karyosome
Bean/Kidney-shaped
macronucleus
perpendicular to
micronucleus
Number of Flagella
Definitive Host
P.O.E
M.O.T
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst
thru contaminated
water or food
Duodenal crypts
Trophozoite
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst
thru contaminated
water or food
Cecum
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst
thru contaminated
water or food
Cecum
Trophozoite
Man
Mouth
Ingestion of mature cyst
thru contaminated
water or food
Cecum
Trophozoite
Diagnostic feature
Spiral groove
Locomotive apparatus
Motility
Mechanism of disease
production
Flagella
Falling-leaf-like
Coating/Carpeting of
the wall
Pseudopodia
Bean/Kidney-shaped
macronucleus
Cilia
Directional, Tumbling
Lytic Necrosis
IMAGE
Total no. of nucleus
Diagnostic feature
Habitat
Pathogenic Stage
5 (2pairs and 1
undulating membrane
Man
Genitalia
Sexual intercourse
IMAGE
MGS
Flagella
Corkscrew Boring motion
Flagella
Jerky, Tumbling
Vaginal pruritis
Page 2
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
Benign Tertian
Ovale malariae
Quartan malariae
BAND form
IMAGE
ROSETTE
Normal-sized
Enlarged
Normal-sized
Definitive Host
Anopheles mosquito
MOT
Infective Stage to DH
Gametocytes
HABITAT
RBC
Intermediate Host
MAN
Pathogenic Stage
MEROZOITE/Trophozoite
Infective Stage to IH
SPOROZOITE
Mechanism of disease
production
Tissue Anoxia
POE
Skin
MGS
Page 3
NEMATODES ( Adenophorea)
Genus and Species
Common Name
Intermediate Host
Trichuris trichiura
Whip worm
Flies, Rat
Trichinella spiralis
Trichina worm
Man
Definitive Host
P.O.E
M.O.T
Habitat
Infective Stage
Man
Mouth
Ingestion thru contaminated food and drink
Large Intestine
Embryonated egg
Pigs/ Rats
Mouth
Ingestion thru contaminated pork
Small Intestine
Encysted Larva
Capillaria philippinensis
Pudok worm
Panstrongylus (Triatomid/Kissing
bug)
Man
Mouth
Ingestion thru contaminated fish
Small Intestine
L3 Larva
Encysted Larva
IMAGE
EGG- Diagnostic
Pathogenic Stage
IMAGE
ADULT- Diagnostic
Attachment and
nutrition
Pathogenesis
Anchorage
MGS
Rectal prolapsed
Myocarditis
Malabsorption of nutrients
Page 4
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Ancylostoma caninum
Common Name
Etiologic Agent
Intermediate Host
Definitive Host
POE
MOT
Dog Ascarid
Visceral Larva Migran
Man
Dog
Mouth
Ingestion
Cat Ascarid
Visceral Larva Migran
Man
Cat
Mouth
Ingestion
Dog Hookworm
Cutaneous Larva Migran
Dog
Man
Skin
Skin penetration
HABITAT
Infective Stage
Tissues, Organs
Egg
Tissues, Organs
Egg
Cutaneous
Filariform Larva
Angiostrongylus
cantonensis
Rodent Lungworm
Eosinophilic meningitis
Snail; Rat
Man as accidental host
Mouth
Ingestion; Skin
penetration;
Transplacental
Tissues, Organs
L3
Gnathostoma
spinigerum
Larva
Larva
Larva
Barbers pole
appearance
Granulomatous reaction
Granulomatous reaction
Gnathostomiasis
Cyclops- fish
Man as accidental host
Mouth
Ingestion
Tissues, Organs
L3
EGG
IMAGE
EGG-Diagnostic
Pathogenic Stage
IMAGE
ADULT-Diagnostic
Disease production
MGS
Creeping eruption
Page 5
Ascaris lumbricoides
Giant intestinal roundworm
Man
Mouth
Ingestion
Small intestine
Embryonated egg
Unfertilized
Fertilized
Decorticated
Necator americanus
New World hookworm
Man
SKIN > Mouth
More of Skin penetration
Small intestine
Filariform larva
Filariform
Rhabditiform
Ancylostoma duodenale
Old Worm hookworm
Man
MOUTH > Skin
More of ingestion
Small intestine
Filariform larva
-SAME as N. americanusEGG
In morula
Adult larva
BUCCAL
COPULATORY
In morula
Adult larva
BUCCAL
COPULATORY
IMAGE
EGG- Diagnostic
Pathogenic Stage
IMAGE
ADULT- Diagnostic
Disease production
MGS
Page 6
EGG- Diagnostic
Pathogenic Stage
IMAGE
ADULT- Diagnostic
Mechanism of disease production
MGS
Strongyloides stercoralis
Threadworm
Cochin-china disease
Man
Skin
Skin infection; AUTOINFECTION
Small intestine
Filariform larva
Filariform
Rhabditiform
Adult larva
Parasitic FEMALE
Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm, Seatworm, Society worm
Oxyuriasis, Enterobiasis
Man
Mouth or Nose
Ingestion, Inhalation, AUTOINFECTION
CECUM
Embryonated egg
Page 7
Wuchereria bancrofti
Bancrofts filarial worm
Anopheles, Aedes, Mansonia species;
Culex fatigans
Skin
Insect bite
Lymphatics
L3
Dead and Living Adult worms
Brugia malayi
Malayan filarial worm
Mansonia sp, Aedes togoi, Anopheles
species
Skin
Insect bite
Lymphatics
L3
Dead and Living Adult worms
Loa loa
Loa/Eye worm
Chrysops dimidia and silacea
(day-biting fly)
Skin
Insect bite
Sub/cutaneous tissue
L3
Adult worms
Sheated
Lymphatic Obstruction
Nocturnal
Sheated
Lymphatic Obstruction
Nocturnal
Sheated
IMAGE
Diagnostic Characteristic
Mechanism of disease production
Periodicity
MGS
Diurnal
Page 8
Genus and
Species
Common
Name
Developmental
Stage
2nd IH
Infective Stage
to 2nd IH
Definitive Host
Infective Stage
to DH
POE
MOT
HABITAT
Pathogenic
Stage
IMAGE
LIVER FLUKES
Fasciola hepatica
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
LUNG FLUKE
Paragonimus westermani
SRRC
SRC
SSRC
SRC
Watercress
Cercaria
Fresh-water fishes
Cercaria
Fresh-water fishes
Cercaria
Crabs
Cercaria
Man
Metacercaria
Man
Metacercaria
Man
Metacercaria
Man
Metacercaria
Mouth
Ingestion
Proximal Biliary tract
Mature/Young Adult
Mouth
Ingestion
Distal Biliary tract
Adult
Mouth
Ingestion
Distal Biliary tract
Adult
Mouth
Ingestion
Pulmonary pockets
Mature/Young Adult
Cephalic cone
Transversely compressed
vitellaria
Embryonated; Old-fashion light
bulb
Obstruction; Inflammation
Obstruction; Inflammation
Abscess
Fluke
characteristic
EGG
characteristic
IMAGE
Mechanism of
dse prod
Mechanical/Toxic effect;
Fascioliasis
MGS
Page 9
INTESTINAL FLUKES
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Common Name
Developmental Stage
2nd IH
Infective Stage to 2nd IH
Definitive Host
Infective Stage to DH
POE
MOT
HABITAT
Pathogenic Stage
IMAGE
Garrisons fluke
RRC
Snail
Cercaria
Man
Metacercaria
Mouth
Ingestion
Small intestine
Adult
Fluke characteristic
NO Cephalic cone
Circumoral disc
EGG characteristic
Obstruction, Traumatic,
Toxemia
Obstruction, Mechanical,
Toxemia
Myocarditis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Haplorchis yokogawai (1 testes)
Metagonimus yokogawai
Yokogawais fluke
SRC
Fresh-water fishes
Cercaria
Man
Metacercaria
Mouth
Ingestion
Small intestine
Adult
H.heterophyes
H.yokogawai
M.yokogawai
IMAGE
Page 10
Schistosoma haematobium
Visceral Blood fluke
Bulinus sp.
Miracidium
SSC
Man
Cercaria
Skin
Skin penetration
VESICAL and PELVIC plexus
Cercaria, Adult, Egg
ADULT
EGG
BLOOD FLUKES
Schistosoma japonicum
Oriental Blood fluke
Oncomelania quadrasi
Miracidium
SSC
Man
Cercaria
Skin
Skin penetration
SUPERIOR mesenteric plexus
Cercaria, Adult, Egg
ADULT
EGG
Schistosoma mansoni
Mansons Blood fluke
Biomphalaria
Miracidium
SSC
Man
Cercaria
Skin
Skin penetration
INFERIOR mesenteric plexus
Cercaria, Adult, Egg
ADULT
EGG
IMAGE
FLUKE Characteristic
EGG Characteristic
Mechanism of dse
prod
MGS
MALE-early union
FEMALE- ant.-mid plane of ovary
Prominent LATERAL spine
Allergic; Obstruction
Page 11
Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm
Man
Man
Embryonated egg
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA
Hymenolepis diminuta
Rat tapeworm
Flees, Beetles
Embryonated egg
Man
Cysticercoid larva
Dipylidium caninum
Double-pored dog tapeworm
Herbivores (cows,ships)
Embryonated egg
Man
Cysticercoid larva
Mouth
Ingestion
Small intestine (ileum)
Adult
MATURE
Mouth
Ingestion
Small intestine (ileum)
Adult
MATURE
Mouth
Ingestion
Small intestine (ileum)
Adult
MATURE
GRAVID
GRAVID
GRAVID
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcosis
Herbivores (cows, ships)
Embryonated egg
Dog, Sheep
Hydatid cyst
Mouth
Ingestion
Tissues, Organs
Hydatid cyst
ADULT:
CYST:
IMAGE
Characteristic
Scolex-ARMED rostellum
3 ovoid testis
Pumpkin-seed shape
EGG IMAGE
Characteristic
Mechanism of
disease production
MGS
Toxic; Mechanical
Page 12
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA
Taenia saginata
Beef tapeworm
Cattle
Embryonated egg
Man
Cysticercus bovis
Mouth
Ingestion of improperly cooked 2nd IH
Small intestine
Adult
MATURE
Taenia solium
Pig tapeworm
Pig
Embryonated egg
Man
Cysticercus cerulosae
Mouth
Ingestion
Small intestine
Adult
MATURE
IMAGE
GRAVID
Characteristic
GRAVID
Mature; non-operculated
Irritation; intestinal disturbance
Mature; non-operculated
Irritation; intestinal disturbance; Autoinfection
EGG IMAGE
Characteristic
Mechanism of
disease production
MGS
Page 13
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA
Diphylobothrium latum
Broad or Fish tapeworm
Diphylobothriasis
Freshwater fish
Plerocercus larva
MAN
Plerocercoid/ Sparganum
MOUTH
Ingestion of Sparganum
Small intestine
ADULT
ADULT
MATURE
Sparganosis
Man
Plerocercus larva
Tissues, Organs
LARVA
IMAGE
Adult tapeworm
EGG IMAGE
Mechanism of
disease production
MGS
MGS
Page 15