80. Lilly, John C. 1962. Sensory World Within and Man and Dolphin.

(Lecture to
the Laity, New York Acad. of Med., 1962.) Scientific Report no. CRI-O162

~----:

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THE SENSORY WORLDWITHIN, AND MAN AND DOLPHIN~k

John

I am taking
which

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man is

the

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~~ Communication

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3430

the
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Lilly,

MAN AND DOLPHIN.

view

able

C.

first
from

11 April
Miami,

those
from

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facts.

1962
Florida

33133

Speculations

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-3-

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-4-

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species

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in

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exchange

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or

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principle,

-5-

How do we know
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We are
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childhood

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realities

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speaking

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communicate.

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-6-

capability

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crucial

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eously.
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ciated.
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years

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complex

ago.

speech

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language

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skulls,

book PIAN AM) DOLPHIN I present

brained

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to

complexity

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has the respect

allowed the development of complex language.

smaller

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No animal

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out

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juggling
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-7-

fantastically
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and

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8-

One
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realizes

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for yourself.

physician."

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ethical

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-9-

treats

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research

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research

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attempts

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rockets,

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sea

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he

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begun

containers

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Recently
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airplanes,

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Those

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dolphins.

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dolphins

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-10-

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UFOs

come those

invaders

from outer

space

almost

totally

distressed

however,

helpless.

these

a man alone

A dolphin

situation.

between

These

two

two species.

We have

found

in shallow

water.

The shallow

without

background

meet

too great

poor

to correct

the

communication

these

and fins

on

We literally

terms

in

which

to one another

over the walking,

his

standing

head above water

below water

rub one another's

each

handicapped

of those

in the

exercise

or

otherwise.

There

are

examples

of wild

the

freedom

of the

that

insists

have

made friends

in

broad

living
with

there

are

unusual

the

wild

ones

seas

so that

dolphins
in

their

still

powers

free

noses

has

he can

and yet

so as not

dolphins

to becoming
I hasten

to abuse

and in the cases

dolphins

that:

to add for
there

- human beings
native

habitat.

are

against
of

his

them,

come to man

of the boys and

with

dolphin

the

those

prefers

peculiar

skin

some unusual

who go out

one

is sufficiently

who have

entangled

this

sufficient

but most: of the time a wild

on Land.
the

us

activity

from the sea such as Opo in New Zealand

among the Greeks;

of

in-

to continue

The man can keep his

flippers

or bottled

alienating

best

dolphin

advantage

cooperative

the dolphins

very

and terror-stricken.

allows

normal power so as to allow

humorously

for

and man respond

water

is

on land is in a similarly

This seems to be the key to most of our findings,

requirement.

and

make

dolphins

can keep his

himself.

another

that

man in the same water.

and the dolphin

propel

facts

we are trying

fluences.

or sitting

stranded

are immobile

Ln our laboratory

swimming activities

in the sea naked as a dolphin

in the sea we are naked and afraid

up, and on land the dolphins

with

They too have their

Seriously,

as

again."

and seek

species

divers

who

human beings
contacts

11-

We call

our laboratory

a place

very close look at the human race.

this

other species.

I will

restrict

The effects

myself

sounds

of our speech.

(We were exploring

stimulation
years

through

just

A dolphin

rewards

and

in

animals

effect

can produce

other

during

of our

the bottlenose
has acquired

variants

of

confirmed

each

its

two

brains

and improved

on the

sounds is more than

is

a 3-5; year

old

the process
male

Tursiops

20 understandable

- a vocabulary

of 20 English

and the
truncatus

Elvar

English words.

words with many

words,

on playing

component

new word he starts

are normal

to this

to shorten

up the word that

down the tape

the past

words and can use them as demands

of approximately

these

insists

reasons.

(whose commonAmerican name is 'porpoise').

statement
of

Elvar

games of pronunciation

~t~ore" and making many variations

a new word into

With

this

each

Elvar
like

Elvar.

a vocabulary

Let me modify

other

transactions.

animal

dolphin

the

the use of electrodes

Recently we have been examining in some detail

emissions

so

to produce

of these animals'

of human-like

clear

totally

(without

portions

production

on

by means of electrical

Recently

we have completely

and find this

animals

were done for

this

effects.

of these

electrodes).

of certain

1957 discovery

for

of these

in these

to explore

In brief

mimicry.

short

brain

implanted

the stimulation

artificially).

are many and our time is getting

the ability

large

we have been able

and without

effect

These experiments

the

are allowed

We then observe the resulting

to one aspect

In 1957 I discovered

where the dolphins

species

sounds
at

the

on its

high

(4 to 20 kilocycles
he is emitting

(4, 8, or 16 times)

pronunciation.

and reproduces
extremely

the lowest

and taking
Elvar

dissects

each sound separately.

dolphin

frequencies

per second).

at high

a word

frequency.

frequencies

He also

which

tends

If one slows

drop near

to the high

_12_

human ones and the word lengthens

initial

phase of the high

he translates

from his

like

has said,

in the

version

you a specific

and "var"

human time

domain of a higher

emission

domain

"more Elvar",

"moa" a pause

and

frequency

frequency

Let: me give
assistant

out to the normal human length.

may change to a phase

into

our

sounds very much like

Elvar

comes back with

sounds

He then

a voice

puts

copy,

it

a very

"more Elvar"

small

child

together

that:

one could

An example of this

it

sounds

like

a smalt

of

barely

detect

that

sounds
domain

delphinese

between

at

end of her

rate

He then

"more
of

so rapidly

slowing

delivery.

after

the

down the tape.

the laboratory.

on the heels

It

rapidly.

a normal

the human says

the pause without:

the

together.

and says very clearly

child

"bye bye" comes so close

a few milliseconds

it: all

extremely

is a "bye bye" when ALice leaves

"bye bye" and his

only

in the

running

saying

Sometimes he says the word that

human that

something

P4y

in the upper human frequency

lowers the frequency and extends the duration

in

domain,

frequency and says a very short condensed very high pitched

which I can hardly

Elvar"

frequency

in which

example from one of our tapes.

both

domain.

This

of hers

transmission

She says
that

and the

it was
beginning

his.

Faced

with

a new human

some of the new aspects:

voice

to a male

new voice.
'Lwater."

human voice

He took it

and low pitched

this

apart

causes

Elvar

than was that

These

are

to

from that

portions

ending

of rapid

findings

his

emphasize

"r."

of the previous

a series

brand-new

modifies

output

to

of a female

the

new aspects

encompass

human
of the

in which I taught: him a new word,

and submitted

was stumped by the

by emitting

Elvar

the operator

An ex~imple is the episode

at the beginning

resolved

changing

voice

of it
My "r"

female
clicking

to me; apparently
is much more vibrant

operator.

He finally

sounds.

in a new scientific

field,

of unknown

13

consequences
that
he

the
did

on the

and unknown

animal
not

do

part

dolphins

boy

thinking

it.

will

that

the

powers
become

A few

god

to

testing

dolphins

as

the

ahead;

we know

speak

It

was

It

will

a few

our

production

not

to

until

happened

I could

long

it

or small,
in the

leads.
from

realm

or many years

be adequately

beings

in

our

in English
of

of

Delphinese

path.

Phocaena

before

The path
eventual
is

and

new field

of

by us and by others.
are

very

and

speculation"

this

finally

in Delphinese.
is

the

a Greek

to Orca)

"imaginative

Institute

that

imagine

What the

explored

and

past

1000 B.C.

way on a new apparently

him,

production

in the

in Greek

through

where

from

a spontaneous

talk

we believed

performance

dolphin.

will

abilities

is

of

that

the

still

human

kind

human beings.

talking

be several

opened

this

trying

(large
is

emphasize

may have

we know not

reveal

to

this

to other

dolphins

we have
and

demanded

dolphin.

Apollo

one another's
are

and

come a short

Hebb.

dolphins

I wish

to a dolphin

and will

which

it

new that
of

of Professor
research

to

listening

so startlingly

speech

wild

tried

We have
is

do

Insofar

of the

have

shepard

could

utility.

poor

dedicated

So far
indeed.

the

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Lilly,
J. C. Effects
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restraint
and of reduction
of ordinary
levels
of physical
stimuli
on intact,
healthy
persons,
pp. 13-20,
44.
In: Illustra-

tive

strategies

for research

on psychopa~holqgy

in mental

health

New York,

Groupfor the Advancement

of ~Psychiatry,
Symposium
No. 2, 1956,:17pp.
2.

Lilly,

J.

stimuli
3.

Lilly,

C.

Mental

on intact,
John C.

and negative

effects

healthy

of reduction

persons.

Some considerations

types

of ordinary

Psychiat.
regarding

of motivations.

Am. Jrl.

levels

Res. Rep.,
basic

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Wash.,

mechanisms

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1956,5:1-9,
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Dec.1958,115:

498-504.

4.

Lilly,

John C.

The effect

En~L~-~.r~_nm_S3~_f~:~2L
Ef fects

of Sensory

on Cons ciousnes

Deprivation
s edited

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by Kar 1 E. Schaef er.

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International
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U.S. Submarine Base, New London, Conn. Sept. 8-12, 1958.
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61-9097.

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1960.

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Lilly,

John C.

Aspects of Space Plight,

The Psychophysiological

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Oct.

Lilly,

Lilly,

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60-15809)

Implications

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Lilly,
John C. and Shurley, Jay T. Experiments
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Physical
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Symposium, USAF Aerospace Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, 26-27 May 1960.

Psychophysiolagical
6.

Co.,

John C.

1960.

VIII

Basis

Theory.

for Two Kinds of Instincts

Journal

of American Psychoanalytic

(4) pp. 154-172.

I~I~NAND DOLPHIN, Doubleday

6( Co.,

Inc.,

New York 1961.

61-9528)

John C. and Miller,

Alice M. Sounds Emitted by the Bottlenose

Dolphin-

The audible emissions

underwater or in air of captive dolphins
are remarkably
complex and varied.
Science, May 26, 1961 133; 3465, pp. 1689-1693.

9.

Lilly,
Fed.

10.

1L.

John C. Problems of Physiological Research on the Dolphin, Tursiops.

Proc.

1961.

20:

i.

Lilly,
John C. and Miller,
A. M. Vocal Exchanges Between Dolphins.
iBottlenose dolphins
"talk" to each other with whistles,
clicks,
and a variety
of
other noises.
Science,
134: 8 Dec. 1961 pp. 1873-1876.
Lilly,

John C. and Miller,

Dolphin with Electrical

Feb.

12.

1962.

Vol.

Lilly,

John C.

Phila.

Assoc.

55,

A. M.

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No.

1,

Operant

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of the Brain.

of the Bottlenose

Jrl.

Comp. & Physiol.

Pse.

73-79.

The Biological
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Versus Psychoanalytic

Dichotomy.

Vol. LI, No. 3, September

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John

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McG_r_alJ__H__1I~L1Y_e_a~b_ook_qf_Sci
ence