Interference (Press - Shrink) Fit Calculator

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REFERENCE

CALCULATORS

INTERFERENCE (PRESS & SHRINK) FIT CALCULATOR

An interference fit (press fit & shrink fit) is a frictional

Beam Deflection Calculators

shaft-hub connection. Joint pressure in the friction surface is

necessary for the torque (force) transmission and this
pressure is generated by the deformation of shaft and hub.

Engineering Unit Converter

Fastener Dimensions

Suitable assembly method shall be selected between shrink

fit and press fit. In the press fit case, assembly operation is

Hertzian Contact Calculator

done with large amount of forces and forcing shaft into the
hub. In the shrink fit case, assembly operation is done by

Keys and Keyseats

relative size change of parts with the help of heat treatment.

Typical examples of press fit are fitting shafts into the
bearing and bearings into the housings.

Limits, Fits and Tolerances

Material Properties

For the preferred interference tolerances for shaft & hub

Mechanical Springs

connection in metric and inch fits, visit "Supplements" section.

The Interference fit calculator has been developed to calculate interference parameters such as press fit force,

Screw Thread Calculators

required temperature for shrink fit, Von Mises stresses occurred on shaft and hub, factor of safety values.
Sectional Properties Calculator

Note: For more information on interference fits, please refer to pages 387 - 399 of the Precision Machine Design.
Stress Concentration Factors
Stress/Strain Analysis
Structural Analysis of Beams
Tooling Calculators
Vibration Calculators

LIMITS, FITS AND

TOLERANCES
Limits and Fits Calculator (ANSI)
Preferred Fits (ANSI)
Limits and Fits Calculator (ISO)
Preferred Fits (ISO)

Calculator:
Interference (Press & Shrink) Fit

INPUT PARAMETERS
Parameter/Definition

Formulas for Interference Fit

Symbol

Value

Unit

Working Conditions
Torque to be transmitted

Axial force to be transmitted

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Coefficient of friction

Operation temperature

To

Rotation speed

Engagement length

rpm

L
Hub Parameters

Hub outer diameter

Dho

Hub inner diameter

Dhi

Inner diameter upper deviation

h,up

Inner diameter lower deviation

h,low

Stress concentration factor

Kt

Modulus of elasticity

Eh

Yield strength

Sy

Poisson's ratio

vh

Coefficient of thermal expansion

h
h

Density
Shaft Parameters
Shaft outer diameter

Dso

Shaft inner diameter

Dsi

Outer diameter upper deviation

s,up

Outer diameter lower deviation

s,low
Kt

Stress concentration factor

Modulus of elasticity

Es

Yield strength

Sy

Poisson's ratio

vs

Coefficient of thermal expansion

s
s

Density
Shrink Fit Design
Desired clearance to be able to make assembly (clearance obtained
between shaft and hub after thermal process)

Standard reference temperature(reference temperature for

geometrical product specification and verification defined by ISO and
ANSI)

Ta

Design Factors
Design factor against sliding *

nds

Design factor against yielding (Hub) *

ndy,h

Design factor against yielding (Shaft) *

ndy,s

Note: Use dot "." as decimal separator.

* Appropriate design factor shall be selected to cover material non-uniformity, uncertainty of service conditions,
calculation and analysis inaccuracy etc.

RESULTS
Parameter

Symbol

Value

Max. shaft outer diameter

dso_max

135.160

Min. shaft outer diameter

dso_min

135.150

Max. hub inner diameter

dhi_max

135.030

Unit

Dimensional Parameters

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dhi_min

Min. hub inner diameter

135.020

Limit values for diametrical interference (minimum and maximum

diametrical interference values before assembly. Not include rotation,
thermal, poisson's effects)

delta

Max

Min

Limit values for diametrical interference (minimum and maximum

diametrical interference values during operation. Includes rotation,
thermal, poisson's effects)

delta

0.140 0.120

Minimum required interface pressure (interface pressure required to

transmit torque and force)

rpi

1.7

Limit values for resultant interface pressure due to diametrical

interference (pressure values for minimum and maximum interference
condition)

0.140 0.120

Interference Parameters

Factor of safety against sliding [= Pmin / rpi]*

foss

23.1

19.8

11.88

---

Assembly Parameters For Shrink Fit (For Max. Diametrical Interference)

Required temperature of shaft for assembly if cooling shaft

Tr,s

-71.7

Required temperature of hub for assembly if heating hub

Tr,h

111.8

Assembly Parameters For Press Fit

Max
Assembly force range to press fit for calculated interference range

Fpf

Min

22050 18900

Hub Results (For Max. Diametrical Interference)

uinner

0.014

Radial press fit stress at inner diameter

r,pressure

-23.1

Circumferential press-fit stress at inner diameter

,pressure

35.9

0.0

0.0

Max radial centrifugal stress

r,centrifugal

0.0

Max circumferential centrifugal stress

,centrifugal

0.0

Max Von Mises stress

mises

51.5

Factor of safety against yielding of hub *

fosy,h

2.91

Radial displacement of inner surface

Axial stress from applied axial force

Shear stress from applied torque at inner diameter

---

Shaft Results (For Max. Diametrical Interference)

uouter

-0.056

Radial press fit stress at outer diameter

r,pressure

-23.1

Circumferential press-fit stress at outer diameter

,pressure

-171.2

0.5

0.0

Max radial centrifugal stress

r,centrifugal

0.0

Max circumferential centrifugal stress

,centrifugal

0.0

Max Von Mises stress

mises

194.6

Factor of safety against yielding of shaft *

fosy,s

0.77

Radial displacement of outer surface

Axial stress from applied axial force

Shear stress from applied torque at outer diameter

---

* Shall be larger than relevant design factor. Green color means safe, red color means not safe according to
input parameters.

Selection of Unit System for Graphs:

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Shaft

http://www.amesweb.info/InterferenceFit/InterferenceFit.aspx

Hub

Definitions:
Design factor (nd): The ratio of failure stress to allowable stress.
The design factor is what the item is required to withstand .The
design factor is defined for an application (generally provided in
advance and often set by regulatory code or policy) and is not an
actual calculation.
Factor of Safety (Safety Factor): The ratio of failure stress to
actual/expected stress. The difference between the factor of safety
(safety factor) and design factor is: The factor of safety gives the
safety margin of designed part against failure. The design factor
gives the requirement value for the design. Safety factor shall be
greater than or equal to design factor.
Modulus of elasticity (Youngs modulus): The rate of change of unit
tensile or compressive stress with respect to unit tensile or
compressive strain for the condition of uniaxial stress within the
proportional limit. Typical values: Aluminum: 69 GPa, Steel:
200GPa.
Poissons ratio: The ratio of lateral unit strain to longitudinal unit
strain under the condition of uniform and uniaxial longitudinal
stress within the proportional limit.
Press fit: Assembly of parts with very large amounts of force.
Assembly operation is done with presses.
Proportional Limit: The largest value of stress up to which a linear
relation still exist between stress and strain (Hookes Law).
Shear stress: A form of a stress acts parallel to the surface (cross section) which has a cutting nature.
Shrink fit: Assembly of parts by relative size change with the help of heat treatment. This is usually achieved by
heating and cooling one component before assembly and allowing it to return to the ambient temperature after
assembly.
Stress: Average force per unit area which results strain of material.
Stress Concentration Factor: Dimensional changes and discontinuities of a member in a loaded structure causes
variations of stress and high stresses concentrate near these dimensional changes. This situation of high stresses
near dimensional changes and discontinuities of a member (holes, sharp corners, cracks etc.) is called stress

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concentration. The ratio of peak stress near stress riser to average stress over the member is called stress
concentration factor.
Von Mises: A theory used to estimate the yielding of ductile materials. The Von Mises criteria states that failure
occurs when the energy of distortion reaches the same energy for yield failure in uniaxial tension test.
Yield strength: The stress at which a material exhibits a specified permanent deformation or set. Example:
Al6061-T6: 145 Mpa

Supplements:

Link

Usage

Limits, fits and

tolerances calculator
(ISO system)

For the design of interference fit, it can be first referred to limits, fits and
tolerances calculator to select and calculate shaft/hole tolerances according to
ISO and ANSI standard. After selection of the fit, deviations which are
calculated for selected fit can be used as input parameters to interference fit
calculator.

Preferred tolerances
and fits charts (ISO)

Preferred fits advised by ISO 286-1 (2010) and ANSI B4.2 (1978) standard are
given to help user about the selection of fit. Whenever possible, selection of
tolerance class shall be done among these tolerances to avoid too many
numbers of tools and gauges.

ANSI limits and fits

calculator

For the design of interference fit, it can be first referred to ANSI standard limits
and fits calculator to select and calculate shaft/hole tolerances according to
ANSI standard. After selection of the fit, deviations which are calculated for
selected fit can be used as input parameters to interference fit calculator.

List Of Equations:
List of equations and calculation steps for interference (press & shrink) fit calculations

Reference:

Slocum, A. H., Precision Machine Design, 1995, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI. (first published by
Prentice Hall in 1992), pp 387-399

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