Convention Centre

for Dallas, TX

by
Paul Fung
A THESIS
IN
ARCHITECTURE

Submitted to the Architecture Faculty

of the College of Architecture
of Texas Tech University in
Partial Fulfilment for
the Degree of
I BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

^ Date

T5
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CONVENTION CENTER
FOR DALLAS, TEXAS

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT

Thesis Statement
Context Statement
Facility Statement
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY ISSUE

Statement of Issue
CONTEXT ISSUES
Built Context (Potential design response & Architectural precedent)

13
14

Natural Context (Potential design response & Architectural precedent)

17
Psychological Context (Potential design response & Architectural precedent) 19
Cultural Context (Potential design response & Architectural precedent)
21
FACILITY ISSUES

23

Facility Issues (Potential design responses & Architectural precedents)

24

Activity Analysis
Primary Activity

28

Table of Contents

Secondary Activity
Spatial Analysis
Public Space
Private Space
Support/Service Space
Spatial Adjacency/Separation
Spaces and Activities Relationship
Public Space
Private Space
Support/Service Space

37

45
46

SPACE SUMMARY

48

APPENDIX

51

III

ABSTRACT
THESIS STATEMENT
CONTEXT STATEMENT
FACILITY STATEMENT

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Thesis Statement
Architecture should be flexible to suit people's needs. The issue of Flexibility should be
supported by sub-issues such as Adaptability, ChoiceA'^ariety, Expansion/Contraction, and
Multi-use. Flexibility is largely dependent on technology. Technology provides alternatives
for architecture; it then becomes an important tool for architecture.
Context Statement
Dallas is the second-largest city in Texas and the seat of Dallas County. The Dallas skyline
rises abruptly from the surrounding prairie. A network of freeways radiates out from and
loops the central business district, linking the city with its suburbs.
Facility Statement
The facility that I intend to design as my thesis vehicle is a convention center. It will be
sited in the existing Dallas Convention Center in downtown Dallas. The specific address is
650 S. GrifFm St., Dallas TX 75202. The facility will provide spaces for exhibition,
meeting, and conferencing. It acts as a communication medium among people. The size of
the facility will be about 250,000 sq.ft.

ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
: ISSUR'"'''''''''"''''''''T'T''"'''^^
STATEMENT OF ISSUE

Architectural Theory Issue

ARCHITECTURAL THEORY ISSUE

Flexibility
" We are in pursuit of a new idea, a new
vernacular, something to stand alongside
the space capsules, computers and
throwaway packages of an atomic electronic
age... "
Warren Chalk
The development of technology enables the architect to have more alternatives in
architecture. The expectations of people about building has reached a point where no
single solution can fiilfils everyone's needs. Among all architectural issues, "Flexibility" is
the only one that comes closest to be an universal solution on architecture. It answers
questions such as adaptability, choice/variety, expansion/contraction, and
multi-use^

Durek. Donna P.. Architectural Programming (New York: Van Noslrand Reinhold, 199.1): 24.

Architectural Theory Issue

Adaptability
" We aim to create a clear organic
architecture whose inner logic will be
radiant and naked, unencumbered by lying,
tracings and trickery; we want an
architecture adapted to our world of
machines, radios andfast cars... "
Walter Gropius
Adaptability is the power to make suitable for a new use, need, and situation. With
the power of adaptability, architecture can respond to the environment in any
circumstance. It then makes people happy without creating conflict and chaos.
Potential Design Response
The facility should demonstrate its ability by adapting to the surrounding
environment and climate conditions. To achieve this criterion, the facility should enable
spaces to have individual temperature control, which react to changing room temperature
and make adjustments automatically. In addition, the facility can use some sort of

Architectural Theory Issue

reflective device to reflect sunlight into the facility. This results in a reduction of energy
costs, and merges the outdoor and indoor atmosphere together.
Architectural Precedent
Building: Georges Pompidou National Arts and Cultural Centre
Architect: Piano + Rogers
Client: Centre National d'Art et de Culture
Location: Paris, France
The prime character of this building is the capability to change. Not only in plan
but in section and elevation as well. It is basically aframeworkthat allows change. The
framework allows people to perform freely inside and out, to change and adapt, in answer
to technical and/or client needs. This free and changing performance becomes an
expression of the architecture of the building."

Centre Pompidou (New York: Rizzoli. 1977): 4.

Architectural Theory Issue

Choice/Variety

" Let us conceive, consider and create

together the new building of the future that
will bring all into one single integrated
creation; architecture, painting and sculpture
rising to heaven out of the hands of a million
craftsmen, the crystal symbol of the new faith
of the future. "
Walter Gropius

Choice/Variety is the quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all
times. Architecture provides options for people to select what is the most suitable for
them. The interior layout of the building, for example, should be free to change at all times
to meet the needs of occupants.

Potential Design Response

The exhibition hall of the facility is separated by movable partitions, which can be
removed if necessary. The space then becomes flexible in size, capacity, and dimension to
accommodate various sizes of events.

Architectural Theory Issue

Architectural Precedent
Building: Hong Kong Bank
Architect: Foster & Associates
Client: HSBC
Location: Central, Hong Kong
The idea of a "service module"^^ makes it possible to change the interior space
completely. The floors are capable of complete disassembly to create an empty space or
even a different atrium at a different level.

Daniel Treiber, Norman Foster (London: E & FN Spon, 1995), 78.

Architectural Theory Issue

Expansion/Contraction
" Technology will offer us more control
rather than less. The building of the future
will be more like robots than temples. Like
chameleons, they will adapt to their
environment."
Richard Rogers
Expansion and contraction are completely opposite in meaning, but share the same
characteristic: the capability to change the size and shape of the building to meet the
client's requirements. Theflexibilityof the structural system is the key to making the
expansion/contraction operation possible.
Potential Design Response
The industrial style can be introduced to the facility especially on the structural
system. Flexibility of structure provides the facility with the potential for future expansion.
On the other hand, a strong and expressive exposed structure establish as an image for the
facility to the general public.

Architectural Theory Issue

Architectural Precedent
Building: Renault Distribution center
Architect: Norman Foster
Client: Renault UK Limited
Location: Swindon, U.K.
The skeleton of the building is supported by an exposed structural system, and the
interior is basically an open space that is divided by partition. It would minimize the
influence on the rest of the building if the building requires expansion.

10

Architectural Theory Issue

Multi-use
" We make the building, then the buildings
make us. "
Francis Duffy
A multi-use building can achieve various purposes at the same time under the same
roof It can satisfy the different needs of people. Moreover, it attracts more users.
Potential Design Response
The spatial activity of the facility should put similar activity groups together; the
users of the facility therefore can clearly identify their designated locations. Zoning of
various activities is preferred, but the facility should provide at least one linkage to tie all
different zones together. This enables users to change their preference on activities at
anytime.

IZONE A I

IZONE B I

IZONE C I

ILINKAGE I

II

Architectural Theory Issue

Architectural Precedent
Building: Millennium Tower
Architect: Norman Foster
Location: Tokyo Bay, Tokyo
The Millennium Tower is a mega-structure that consists of all the essential
elements of a city. It exists as an individual city that can be self-supported. It divides into
several zones for different activities. A vertical linkage serves as a main conveying system
to transport occupants to different zones.

-'5T7):m

CONTEXTUAL ISSUES
BUILT CONTEXT
NATURAL CONTEXT
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT
CULTURAL CONTEXT

Contextual Issue

BUILT CONTEXT
Site Location
Dallas is the second largest city in Texas and the seat of Dallas county. Situated on
the Trinty river on the rolling prairie of the state's north central plan, it is approximately
225 miles (360km) northwest of Houston, Texas.' It is crossed by Interstate highways 20.
The Dallas Skvline

35, 30, and 45. The Dallas skyline rises abruptly from the surrounding prairie. Among the
dominant features is downtown skyscrapers, including the 72-story NCNB Plaza building
and the 50-story Reunion Tower; and high-rise apartments. A network of freeways
radiates out from and loops the central business district, linking the city with its suburbs.^

Site Specifics
The site is located in the southern part of the downtown Dallas. The site is
currently occupied by the Dallas Convention Center at the intersection between the
Ceremonial Dr. and Griffin St. The proposed site is adjacent to the Pioneer Park
separating by the Ceremonial Dr.

' The New han(ibook of Texas. 1996 ed., s.v "Dallas. Texas.'"
" The Encyclopedia American. 1995 ed., s.v. "Dallas."

14

Contextual Issue

kn^M^y^^^

View of the site from Lamar St.

The existing structures to the north of the site

Contextual Issue

Potential Design Response

Since the site is separated by the Griffin St from the intersection of Ceremonial Dr.
to the Memorial Dr., the convention center should provide a linkage: skywalk, to tie the
site back together. Or it should take advantage of the isolation by the Griffin St. to create
a symbolic gateway. Although the skyline of the downtown is dominated by high-rise
buildings, the immediate surrounding of the site is rather flat. The proposed convention
center should develop proportional to its immediate surrounding-low-rise/flat, or creates
a visual linkage with the downtown high-rise buildings.
Architectural Precedent
Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox/Sikes Hennings Kelly & Brewer Architects.
Building: The Federal Reserve Bank
Location: Dallas, Texas
The Federal Reserve Bank is located next to thefreeways,and it dominates an
anonymous sprawl of warehouses, small factories, and used-car lots next to a stretch of
depressed freeway. Despite of wrong proportion to its immediate surrounding, it creates a
visual connection to the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony (at the lower part of the picture)
by imitating the forms and materials.

16

Contextual Issue

NATURAL CONTEXT
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The Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex is located in North

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in the upper margins of the Coastal Plain. The rolling hills in the
area range from 500 to 800 feet in elevation."*

Climate
Dallas is humid subtropical with hot summers. It is also
continental, characterized by a wide annual temperature range.
Precipitation also varies considerably, ranging from less than 20

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to more than 50 inches.'* July and August are typically the city's
driest months. The winter weather is normally mild with only a

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short period of extreme cold. Snowfall is rarely occured. The

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^ Weather of US Cities. 4th ed. ed. Frank E, Bair (Detroit: Gale Research International Ltd.. 1992), 9^>
'* Weather of US Cities, 4th ed.. ed. Frank E, Bair (Detroit: Gale Research International Ltd.. 1992). 9\V

17

Contextual Issue

Potential Design Response

Because of Dallas' pleasant climate, the proposed convention center can
incorporate outdoor areas such as outdoor cafe or plaza into the facility. The occupants of
the building may retreat themselves from the interior, and expose themselves to the natural
environment. In addition, an outdoor exhibition area may be necessary for special activities
such as sculptural displayed. On the other hand, the convention facility can take advantage
of the pleasant climate of Dallas by applying indirect sunlight into somefrictionrooms to
cut down the energy consume.

Architectural Precedent
Building: Hong Kong Bank
Architect: Foster & Associates
Owner: HSBC
Location: Central, Hong Kong
The architect of the Hong Kong Bank demonstrates the effectiveness of the
indirect sunlight by using a giant heliostatic mirror captures and bounces sunlight into the
top of the atrium.^ Since the internal of the Hong Kong Bank is hollow out, and creates a
kind of atrium space, it is in turn reflected into the building's inner reaches.

Michael McCoy. "Attidus Toward Technology: Between Nature and Culture" ProRressi\c Architecture
(Apr 1991): 107.

18

Contextual Issue

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Since the McKinney Avenue acts as the front porch of downtown Dallas and it is
the place where the public gather around the most, the relationship between a building in
downtown Dallas and the residential and restaurant locate along the McKinney Avenue is
a subject to be aware. It is as important as the image of the building itself The coherent, at
least not disturbance, with the John F Kennedy Memorial which locates on the south side
of the Main Street from the Plaza is preferable. North to the site, the Pioneer Plaza has the
worid's largest monument and one of Dallas' most popular tourist sites. The 4,2 acre
plaza also includes native plants, a waterfall and aflowingstream.^

Cit>A iew, Dallas Virtual Tour. http://cit>Aiew com/dallas/tour6,html

19

Contextual Issue

Potential Design Response

Architecture should fit into the community by adopting the indifferent
characteristics and experiences of that community/area in order to create coherence.
Architecture, for example, can express as afishingboat on its shape to reflect the
characteristics of afishingvillage. In return, it can arouse the conscious of people. On the
other hand, architecture should express its emotions through its building form. Moreover,
the interior atmosphere can imitate the attitude of the community to bridging the gap
between building and human.

Architectural Precedent
Building: Okinawa Convention Center
Architects: Sachio Otani and Otani kenkyushitsu
Location: Ginowan, Okinawa Prefecture
The architects of the Okinawa Convention Center try to express their sympathy to
i,J^^

the people of Okinawa due to the tragic experience happen there at the end of WWII, The
building possesses its own history, traditions and cuhure that different from the main land
of Japan,^ The charater of this building is shaped by the environment. It answers the
people by shielding them from the subtropic climate.

^ Sachio Otani. 'Okinawa Convention Center" JA (Mar 1988): 27,

20

Contextual Issue

CULTURAL CONTEXT
In the eariy 1980s Dallas had six churches among the nation's 100 largest: First
Baptist, Lovers Lane United Methodist, Cliff Temple Baptist, Beverly Hills Baptist, First
United Methodist, and East Grand Baptist, As the population has diversified, so have the
religious faiths, Buddhists, Eastern Orthodox, Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs are now found
in Dallas, Southern Baptists have the largest representation in the Dallas area, followed by
Catholics, black Baptists, and United Methodists.^
In the heart of Dallas, there is a lively, dynamic neighborhood: the McKinney
Avenue area. It offers outdoor dining, posh hotels, and fascinating shops and galleries, A
revived trolley line ties the avenue to downtown. In the cool of an early-autumn evening,
people gather around outdoor tables at restaurants up and down the street. It is a place
where shops and art galleries located in the houses of this turn-of-century-neighborhood,'
Potential Design Response
The proposed facility should be able to represent the diversified culture of Dallas
on its envelope and all major public spaces. The facility should be developed an universal

The New handbook of Texas. 1996 ed,. s,\ "Dallas, Texas "
^ Les Thomas. "Mckinney Avenue: Great Street in the Heart of Dallas." Southern Li\ing 24 (10) (OCT
1989): 62-63,

Contextual Issue

language. Therefore, advanced technolgy should be incorporated with the building to

create an international style. The facility, on the other hand, should be interesting and
symbolic on its appearance that represent the uniqueness of Dallas.
Architectural Precedent
Building: Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Arch
Architect: Eero Saarinen
Location: St. Louis, Missouri
The St. Louis arch serves as an Enlightenment monument on the landscape, an
entrance to a new land and new life,'*^ The arch was built in 1950s; it was structurally,
symbolically, and technologically extreme at that time.

' Michael McCoy, "Attidus Toward Technology: Between Nature and Culture" Progressi\c Arclm.auK
(Apr 1991): 106,

11

FACILITY ISSUES
FACILITY ISSUE
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
SPATIAL ANALYSIS
SPATIAL ADJACENCY/SEPARATION
SPACES AND ACTIVITIES RELATIONSHIP

Facility Issues

FACILITY ISSUES

Communication
A convention center is a place that conveys ideas and knowledge. It is more like
the expansion of the town hall, "It is also an outgrowth of the need for people of common
goal, thought, religion, event, persuasion, or profession to gather, communicate, learn,
eat, forlick, socialize, and jointly decide items of importance to those people,"' A
convention center is a strong communication medium where 16,000 meeting and
exhibition activities occur nationally every year.

Potential Design Response

Since a convention center acts as a medium for communication, its first priority is
to attract people. The site of the convention facility should be easily accessible to the
public, and provide enough parking spaces for visitors. The convention facility itself
should also be welcoming and interesting on its building envelope and interior to attract
public attention. The circulation within the convention facility should be convenient to the
public.

' James P, Montero & David L, Fleck. Mock E.xamination Package lV-con\cntion center (LA ;
Archinform. 1978). 19,

24

Facility Issues

Architectural Precedent
Building: Columbus Convention Center
Architects: Richard Trott & Partners and Eisenman Architects
Location: Columbus, Ohio
The winning scheme of Trott/Eisenman for the Columbus convention center
demonstrates "sensitivity to the neighborhood" and for producing the most functional
design,^ The scheme is also a breakthrough from that building type's "dumb box"
syndrome.

/''.'! y:<-'-!t'>if)n'i :\ ritiiir.^, ','. ii<'- jvr ihr Columbus

<.-.v.^t vfi''" <'< "''

' "Eisenman Wins Convention Center," Progressive Architecture (Jun 1989): 21,

Facility Issues

Division
A Convention center is the 800-pound gorilla of the architecture worid,' It is
difficult to hide and get around with its surrounding neighborhood. The solution is to
break it down into components instead of letting it exist as a whole. Due to the fact that
these components can interact with each other or stand independently, the facility then
becomes more flexible.
Potential Design Response
The convention facility can be divided into three parts: exhibition, conference,
theater. Although these three parts stand alone, they can be virtually pulled together by a
plaza between them. This option provides a plaza/outdoor area where visitors can gather
and appreciate the environment before they enter the facility. On the other hand, a skywalk
can be introduced to strengthen the bond of the facility if the site is cut by a street into two
pieces.

' Clifford A, Pearson, "Divide and Conquer," Architectural Record (Mar 1992) 116,

2(1

Facility Issues

Architectural Precedent
Building: Minneapolis Convention Center
Architect: Setter, Leach & Lindstorm
Owner: City of Minneapolis
Location: Minneapolis, Minnesota
The Minneapolis Convention Center is a gentle presence in the cityscape and an
easy place to get into and around. It responds to the site where two street grids collide by
rotating its wing at a corresponding angle. A plaza, on the other side of the street, sits on
top of an underground garage and helps open up views to the city. The facility takes
advantage of the plaza as an outdoor lobby, which provides a place for the public to
prevent congestion within the facility.

^<<2"i

27

Facility Issues

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS

PRIMARY ACTIVITY

SECONDARY ACTIVITY

ENTERING

ASSEMBLYING

EXHIBITING

PERFORMING

Information Desk
Main Lobby
Ticketing Booth
Security checkpoint

Assemblv Hall
Function Hall
Conference Room

Storage area
Pre-fiinction Lobb>

Stage
Backstage
Storage area

COOKING

WORKING

PARKING

CLEANING

Kitchen
Loading Dock
Cafe
Banquet Hall

Staff
Securing
Maintenance

Outdoor parking
Reserved parking
Loading
Indoor parking

Housekeeping

Facility Issues

Primary Activity
Entering

a welcoming atmosphere

transition area from exterior to interior

Information desk

provides information for visitors to learn where they are heading to

provides information of exhibits, lectures, and special events

Main lobby

spa atmosphere

appropriate interior decoration is preferable

provides visual hint of the upcoming events

seating places and phone booth should be provided but sparsely

Ticketing booth

selling admission tickets to visitors

Security checkpoint

to prevent visitors from bringing any hazardous substances into the facility

29

Facility Issues

Assemblying
a gathering place for group visitors
attending lectures/sessions
annual dinner^anquet
supporters of political party
Assembly/Lecture hall
provides seating for visitors
a stage/platform for lecturer
provides audio and visual equipment
acoustics control
Function room
storage area for temporary structure and equipment
non-public access to the food preparation area
Conference room
provides audio and visual equipment
satellite services for video conferencing
sound barrier to maintain privacy

.^0

Facility Issues

Exhibiting

most exhibition spaces are grand in scale and column-free

adjacent or close to loading dock

place for displaying

heavy circulation flow

provides adequate ventilation system

provides adequate lighting system

raised floor system for cabling

a space that will promote interaction and efficient communication

Storage area

equipment for temporary structure and kiosk

Pre-function lobby

place for people waiting to enter the exhibition hall

Facility Issues

Performing

acoustics control is desirable

seating for audience

a place to convey ideas and messages

Stage

the focal point of the entire room

artists perform on the stage

requires special lighting system

Backstage

a place for artists preparing to perform

a place that includes dressing room and equipment

a place to control the mechanical system for the stage

Storage area

storing tools for set design

miscellaneous equipment

^>2

Facility Issues

Secondary Activity

Cooking

food preparation

exhaust system to control the air quality

sanitize

conveying food to banquet/dining hall

Kitchen

provides different choices of food for visitors

able to handle massive production of food for group visitors

Loading dock

shipping and receiving

Cafe

a place for visitors to retreat from crowd

bar provides some refreshments and drinks

a place for conversation

Banquet hall

for company's annual dinner

Facility Issues

Working

administration office

building management

promoting the facility

Staff"

handle daily administration work

keep files, records, accounts, and handling correspondence

arrange exhibits, lectures, and other events

Securing

against theft and vandalism

response to emergency situations

Maintenance

maintenance of building systems

repair

Facility Issues

Parking
outdoor parking for visitors
reserved parking area for staff
loading area for truck
indoor parking
drop-off area
Outdoor parking
well-lit during night time
patrolling by security guard
Reserved parking
non-public access
security gate
Loading
hidden from public
service drive to enter the loading area
Indoor parking

provided for V I P , s

Facility Issues

Cleaning

perform in a way that will not conflict with the visitors

keep the facility clean and unimpaired

maintain both the interior and exterior of the facility in good condition

Housekeeping

janitors

perform cleaning after the operating hours of the facility

storage for equipment

06

Facility Issues

SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Public Space
Entrance lobby

a space for public reception and orientation

a space for visitors to communicate

at least two doors, entrances, and exit doors

easy access to exhibition hall

Floor area

4,000 s,f

* source: Time Saver Standard For Building Type

The Pasadena Center

5,000 s f

Information desk

near to main entrance

easy access and visible from entrance lobby

Floor area

100 s,f

^source: personal judgment

Facility Issues

Ticketing booth

located within the entrance lobby

on the right-hand side of the entrance

Floor area

100 s,f

*source: personal judgment

Mock examination package IV

Main exhibition hall

highly flexible

column-free space

high ceiling for large exhibition display

minimum decoration

adjacent to loading dock

next to pre-function exhibition hall

easy access to supporting storage area

Floor area

30,000 s,f

*source: Santa Clara Convention Center

Jakarta Convention Center

25,000 s,f
33,000 s,f

^S

Facility Issues

The Pasadena Center

30,000 s,f

Assembly hall

adjacent to pre-function hall

highly flexible

provided with audio and visual equipment

high ceiling

close to entrance lobby

movable seating and partitions

close to storage area for equipment

Floor area

12.000 s,f

*source: The Pasadena Center

12,000 s,f

Jakarta Convention Center

14,000 s,f

Santa Clara Convention Center

5,000 s,f

Lecture hall/ Meeting room

separate circulation/entrance from main exhibition hall

y)

Facility Issues

communication system for conference

sound insulation

comfortable environment

audio and visual system

permanent stage

Floor area

2,000 s.f

*source: The Pasadena Center

Jakarta Convention Center

2,500 s,f
1,700 s,f

Lounge

relaxing environment

part of the lounge area can be outdoor

well-decorated if compared with exhibition spaces, and assembly hall in order to make
a contrast

away from exhibition area

Floor area

4,000 s,f

* source: The Pasadena Center

Jakarta Convention Center

2,600 s,f
8,000 s,f

40

Facility Issues

Public restrooms

easy access from the entrance lobby

hidden from public view

Floor area

200 s,f

'source: Time Saver Standards for Building Types

41

Facility Issues

Private Space

Office

storage space for files and office equipment

separate from public area

accessible by public

Floor area

3,300 s,f

* source: The Pasadena Center

3,300 s,f

Staff locker room

close to office area

not accessible by public

washroom included

Floor area

800 s,f

* source: Personal Judgment

42

Facility Issues

Support/Service Space

Loading/Unloading dock

close to exhibition area and storage area

parking space for service vehicle

3-foot high platform

hidden from public area

independent driveway from street

Floor area

100 s.f

* source: Mock Examination Package IV

Mechanical room

the most isolated space in the facility

acoustically insulated

driveway accessible

away from public

Floor area

N.A.

4'<

Facility Issues

Janitor room

preferably next to washroom area

not accessible by public

storage for cleaning equipment

Floor area

30 s.f

* source: Personal Judgment

Kitchen

close to banquet hall

close to lounge

not accessible by public

adjacent to loading dock

adjacent to storage area

Floor area

N.A.

44

Facility Issues

SPATIAL ADJACENCY/SEPARATION

J Vk
E n "t r 0. n c e I o b

Recepti on
Ti cketi ng booth
Parki ng I o"t
Exhibition hall
Prefunction area
Assenbly hall
Meet! ng noons
Theaten
Lounge
Tennace/PlazQ
Restnoons
Adni ni s t n a t i o n o f f i c e
S t a f t locl<en n o o n
Building nanagenent
Ki t c h e n
L o a d i ng d':tck
Storage
Jani t o n
Mechani c a l n o o n

.^

'fi^

( )

^
('^ -

ml
% Stnong nelati onshi p
^ Modena e nelati onshi p
O Seoana on

4.^

Facility Issues

SPACES AND ACTIVITIES RELATIONSHIP

Public Space
Entrance lobby

Entering

Information desk

Selling

Ticketing booth

Assemblying

Main exhibition hall

Attending lecture

Pre-function exhibition hall

Exhibiting

Lecture hall/Meeting room

Waiting

Assembly hall

Performing

Lounge

Storing

Public restroom

Eating/drinking

Banquet hall

Meeting
Informing

Private Space
Office
Staff locker room

Working
Storing
Conferencing

46

Facility Issues

Support/Service Space
Loading dock

Loading/Unloading

Mechanical room

Storing

Janitor room

Cleaning

Kitchen

Cooking

Storage

maintaining

47

Space Summary

SPACE SUMMARY

PRIMARY ACTIVITY

ISECONDARY ACTIVTTY

Public spaces
Spaces

n
n

Entrance lobby

# of Users

Net Sq. Footage

sq. ft/ per person

200

4,000

20

Information desk

100

Ticketing booth

100

Main exhibition hall

9,000

90,000 (^3x30,000

10

Assembly hall

6,000

36,000 @3xl2,000

Meeting room

1,000

10,000 @5x2,000

10

Lounge

400

4,000

10

Public restrooms

24

800

33,33

16,624

145,000

4M

Space Summary

Private spaces
I I Administration office
Q

10

Staff locker room

2,000

200

700
10

2,700

Support/Service spaces
H

Loading/Unloading dock

100

[ I Mechanical room
I I Janitor room

120

30

Kitchen
220

TOTAL NET SQUARE FOOTAGE

CIRCULATION
TOTAL USABLE FOOTAGE
CIRCULATION
GROSS SQUARE FOOTAGE

147,920
X 1,3
192,296
X 1,2
230,755

^(1

APPENDIX

Appendix

APPENDIX
Treiber, Daniel, Norman Foster, London: E & FN Spon, 1995,
Bayley, Stephen, Philippe Gamer, and Deyan Sudjic, 20th Century Style & Design, New
York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co,, 1986,
Durek, Donna P, Architectural Programming, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993,
Centre Pompidou, New York: Rizzoli, 1977,
Kerr, Philip, Gridiron. London: Vintage, 1995,
Thomas, Les, "McKinney Avenue: Great Street in the Heart of Dallas," Southern Living
24 (Oct 1989): 62-67
Dillon, David, "Downtown Gateway.^" Architecture-The AIA Journal 82(2) (Feb 1993):
60-67,
The USA Today Weather Almanac, USA: Vintage [1994],
Robert, R, Rafferty, The Texas Monthly Guidebooks. 2d ed, Houston: Gulf Publishing
Co,, 1991,
Texas State Historical Association, The New Handbook of Texas v,2, 1996,
Frank, E, Bair, Weather of US Cities, 4d ed, Detroit: Gale Research International Ltd,,
1992,
The Encyclopedia American, 1995 ed,, Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated,

S7

Appendix

McCoy, Michael. "Attitudes Toward Technology: Between Nature and Culture"

Progressive Architecture (Apr 1991): 106-107.
Otani, Sachio. "Okinawa Convention Center"iA (Mar 1988): 18-27.
Montero, James P., and David L, Fleck, Mock Examination Package IV-Convention
Center. Los Angeles: Archinform, 1978,
Laventhol & Horwath, Convention Centers. Stadiums, and Arenas, Washington, D C :
Urban Land Institute, 1989.
Jewell, Don, Public Assembly Facilities, Miami: Krieger Publishing Co,, 1992,
BPI Communication, 1995 Audarena Stadium Guide & Facility Buyers Guide, U S : BPI
Communication, 1995,
De Chiara, Joseph, and John Callender, Time Saver Standards for Building Types New
York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co,, 1990,
Santa Clara Convention Center, http://santaclara.org/meeting,html
Technical information, Jakarta Convention Center, http://www.jcc,co id/JCCtechinfo,
html
Floor plan, dimension and capaciries, Jakarta Convention Center, http://www,jcc,co id/
flincroom/
De Chiara, Joseph, ed. Time Saver Standards for Building Types, New York: McGravsHill, 1990,

.Appendix

Hoke, John Ray Jr., ed, Ramsey/Sleeper Architectural Graphic Standards, New York:
John Wiley & Sons, 1994,
Montero, James P , and David L. Fleck, Mock Examination Package IV-Convention
Center, Los Angeles: Archinform, 1978,
Jewell, Don, Public Assembly Facilities, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, 1992.

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