Energy Storage Dissertation Survey

http://www.seandiamondsustainability.blogspot.com

Dear Participant,

Thank you for taking the time and effort to fill in this survey. The information that
you (and your company) provide will allow me to complete my Masters
dissertation in Climate Change Science by assessing the potential impact of
energy storage (ES) systems on electric utility grids. While a number of academic
studies focus on the feasibility and economic benefits of energy storage
technologies, this study will focus on the impact of ES systems on greenhouse
gas emissions.

Based on my preliminary literary research, I have discovered that ES

technologies hold a currently under utilized potential to improve the
efficiency of electricity grids and will be essential to an economically
successful expansion of the use of renewable energy. Also, as policymakers
worldwide move toward implementing regulations that limit greenhouse gas
emissions, it is becoming increasingly important for utility companies,
consultants, and energy systems manufacturers to have a firm understanding of
the emissions impacts of their decisions.

In order to thank survey participants, I intend to offer all participants a free

digital copy of my final dissertation write-up, which will likely include aggregated,
unattributable data, prior to any potential publication or public disclosure. While
the advance copy of my dissertation will be solely for internal use, it is my hope
that survey participants will find this data useful in making decisions in the near
future.

If you have any questions or concerns regarding this survey, please feel free to
contact me via email at seandiamondsustainability@yahoo.com. I look forward to
your response!

Sincerely,

Sean Diamond

Table of Contents: Contact Information:

Introduction Letter.........................1 Surveyor: Sean Diamond

Contact Information.......................1 Address:
Instructions....................................2 c/o ENV School Reception
Example Questions........................2 University of East Anglia
The Survey Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ
Contact Information.......................3 United Kingdom
Company Profile............................3 Phone: +1 (717) 610-0536
Utility Profile..................................3 Email:
Energy Storage Systems...............5 seandiamondsustainability@yahoo.c
Life Cycle Assessment...................8 om
Disclaimer....................................10 Profile:
http://www.linkedin.com/in/seandiamondsust
*Pages numbers may move as ainability
responses are filled in* For More Information:
http://seandiamondsustainability.blogspo
t.com
Page 1 of 11
Survey Instructions
Before beginning, please read the full instructions above. Additional information
and updates will be available online at:
http://seandiamondsustainability.blogspot.com.
Additional information and instructions specific to each question is provided in
italics following each question.
Throughout the survey ‘Energy Storage’ may be abbreviated as ‘ES’. Also, for the
purposes of this survey, please consider ES ‘systems’ to be stations, projects, or
products as they apply to your company’s involvement with ES technology.
Please DO provide links or documentation where possible. Publicly accessible
links are preferable. For documents containing large quantities or lists of data,
please save files in ‘.xls’ format. Otherwise, documents saved in ‘.doc’ or ‘.pdf’
formats are also useful.
Please DO NOT delete questions or change their numbers. In the case of multiple
responses to one question, please feel free to copy and paste duplicates of
questions as necessary. If you are copying and pasting questions or responses,
please make sure it is clear which system each response corresponds to.
Please provide the answer to each question after the ‘:’ symbol. If the answer
involves a link or file, please list the name of the file.
If you are completing this survey on a computer please identify the answer in
bold. If completing it on a hard copy please circle your response or write it in as
appropriate. In either case be sure to write out any links or file names associated
with each answer.
If the answer to a question is unavailable, please leave the response to that
question blank. If the answer involves commercially sensitive information that
your company is unwilling to release, please answer the question as accurately
as possible and indicate that commercially sensitive information has been
omitted.
Please save the final version of the completed survey in ‘.doc’ or ‘.pdf’ format.
Please attach the completed survey along with any supplementary material to an
email.
For clarifications OR to submit completed survey responses, please email me at:
seandiamondsustainability@yahoo.com.
Contact Information
Please note that contact information will only be used for verification and follow
up purposes. This information will not be distributed or sold to any third parties.

1. Name (of main contact):

2. Company Name:

3. Country:
In the case of multinational corporations please indicate the location of
the main contact if possible, otherwise indicate the nationality of the
home office.

4. Street Address:
City: State/Province: Postal Code:

5. Email Address(es):

6. Phone Number(s):

7. Other Contact Information:

Company Profile

8. Company Type:
Please choose the most accurate answer.
a. Utility Company b. Consultant c. Energy Storage Manufacturer
d. Energy Storage Operator/Owner e. Other (please describe):

9. ES Technological Specializations:
Please indicate all technologies with which your company has experience
or expertise.
a. Pumped Hydro ES b. Compressed Air ES c. Thermal ES
d. Batteries e. Flow Batteries f. Fuel Cell ES
g. Solar Fuel h. Capacitors i. Supercapacitors
j. Superconducting Magnet ES k. Flywheels
l. None So Far m. Other (Please describe):

Utility Profile
This section is for utility companies only (other participants please skip to the
Energy Storage Systems section).

10.What territories does your company provide service to:

Please list all Municipalities/States/Provinces/Countries that your company
services and provide a map if possible.

11.What regulatory authority(-ies) oversee your company:

12.How many customers are located within your service territory?

Please provide a breakdown of customers by number of households and
small and large businesses if possible.
Number of Households:
 Number of Small Businesses (<20,000 kWh/Year):
Number of Large Businesses (≥20,000 kWh/Year):

13.What has the total electricity demand been in your service territory during
the past 3 years on record:
Please provide up to 3 years worth of “real-time” electricity demand data
(please provide links or attach files in “.xls” format). The greater the
frequency of data points the better (energy demand data reported at a
minimum of 1 hour intervals is necessary, 15 minute intervals or greater is
preferable). Additionally, if year-long data is not available, any data
covering at least one consecutive week is useful.

14.How was energy demand distributed within your service territory during
the past 3 years on record:
Any information segregation based regarding the geographical distribution
of the energy demand is useful. Also, please indicate any electricity
demand that was drawn upon by other electricity grids or territories.
Please provide up to 3 years worth of “real-time” electricity demand data
(please provide links or attach files in “.xls” format). The greater the
frequency of data points the better (energy demand data reported at a
minimum of 1 hour intervals is necessary, 15 minute intervals or greater is
preferable). Additionally, if year-long data is not available, any data
covering at least one consecutive week is useful.

15.Please provide any additional data, information or descriptions of your

company’s service territory that will be useful for interpreting, analyzing,
modelling energy demand data (e.g. recurrent trends, major one-off
electricity uses, severe weather events):

16.What has the total electricity generation been in your service territory
during the past 3 years on record:
Please provide up to 3 years worth of “real-time” electricity generation
data, which is segregated by fuel source type (please provide links or
attach files in “.xls” format). The greater the frequency of data points the
better (energy demand data reported at a minimum of 1 hour intervals is
necessary, 15 minute intervals or greater is preferable). Additionally, if
year-long data is not available, any data covering at least one consecutive
week is useful. Any information segregation based regarding the
geographical distribution of the energy demand is useful.

17.What is the activation order of generation stations in your service

territory:
Please describe any rules or regulations that determine the order in which
electricity generation stations are called into service in your territory or
provide a link to such regulations.

18.What was the average annual electricity generated by fuel source over the
past 3 years?
Please list answers as a percentage of the total electricity generated and
 in MWh for each of the types below.
Coal: % MWh Nuclear: % MWh
Natural Gas: % MWh Hydro: % MWh
Wind: % MWh Biofuels: % MWh
Solar: % MWh Other(s): % MWh

19.Please provide any additional data, information or descriptions of your

company’s generators and energy providers that will be useful for
interpreting, analyzing, modelling energy demand data (e.g. recurrent
trends, major malfunctions or plant closures):

20.Please describe any immediate future projections, technologies, plans,

and/or regulations (e.g. renewable energy portfolio standards, the
introduction of plug-in electric vehicles, and the use of smart grid
technologies) that are likely to impact or alter either electricity generation
or demand within your service territory:

Energy Storage Systems

For the purposes of this survey, please consider ‘Systems’ to include stations,
projects, or products as they apply to your company’s involvement with ES
technology. ‘Active’ systems are those already in operation. ‘Developing’
systems are those that are in the designing/planning or
manufacturing/construction phases.

21.Is your company involved in the use of ES technologies:

a. Yes b. No

22.How is your company involved in the use of ES technologies:

Please indicate all responses that apply to your company.
a. Researching b. Consulting c. Owning
d. Operating e. Designing/Planning f. Constructing
g. Other (Please describe):

23.What active ES systems does your company operate or has your company
worked with?
Please copy and paste additional sections below for each unique system.
Please continue labelling systems in alphabetical order (i.e. the next
system would be ‘System C’).

If your company does not have any active ES systems, please skip to
questions 25.

System A:
What type of technology is this system:
Please select the most accurate answer.
a. Pumped Hydro ES b. Compressed Air ES c. Thermal ES
d. Batteries e. Flow Batteries f. Fuel Cell ES
g. Solar Fuel h. Capacitors i. Supercapacitors
j. Superconducting Magnet ES k. Flywheels
 l. Other (Please describe):

Please describe any features that may distinguish this system from other
systems of the same type of technology:

Total Storage Capacity (in kWh):

Optimal Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Minimum Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Maximum Storage Capacity (in kWh):

What is the loss rate of the system:

Please indicate units (e.g. kWh/day or kWh/hour). If the loss rate is not
constant (e.g. dependent upon energy stored or time since last charged),
please provide an equation, chart, and/or graph with appropriate labels.

Maximum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):

Minimum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Maximum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Minimum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):

Please describe any physical and technological limitations associated with

this system (e.g. how long it takes to switch from charging to discharging
mode and vice versa, range of safe operating temperatures, geological
requirements):

System B:
What type of technology is this system:
Please select the most accurate answer.
a. Pumped Hydro ES b. Compressed Air ES c. Thermal ES
d. Batteries e. Flow Batteries f. Fuel Cell ES
g. Solar Fuel h. Capacitors i. Supercapacitors
j. Superconducting Magnet ES k. Flywheels
l. Other (Please describe):

Please describe any features that may distinguish this system from other
systems of the same type of technology:

Total Storage Capacity (in kWh):

Optimal Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Minimum Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Maximum Storage Capacity (in kWh):

What is the loss rate of the system:

Please indicate units (e.g. kWh/day or kWh/hour). If the loss rate is not
constant (e.g. dependent upon energy stored or time since last charged),
please provide an equation, chart, and/or graph with appropriate labels.
 Maximum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Minimum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Maximum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Minimum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):

Please describe any physical and technological limitations associated with

this system (e.g. how long it takes to switch from charging to discharging
mode and vice versa, range of safe operating temperatures, geological
requirements):

24.Please provide any “real-time” energy data that has been collected in
conjunction with any of the ES systems described in question 23:
Please provide links or attach files in “.xls” format). Please ensure that the
frequency of data points is sufficient to understand the functioning of the
systems.

25.What developing ES systems does your company operate or has your

company worked with?
Please copy and paste additional sections below for each unique system.
Please continue labelling systems in double alphabetical order (i.e. the
next system would be ‘System CC’).

If your company is not developing new ES systems, please skip to the Life
Cycle Assessment section.

System AA:
What type of technology is this system:
Please select the most accurate answer.
a. Pumped Hydro ES b. Compressed Air ES c. Thermal ES
d. Batteries e. Flow Batteries f. Fuel Cell ES
g. Solar Fuel h. Capacitors i. Supercapacitors
j. Superconducting Magnet ES k. Flywheels
l. Other (Please describe):

Please describe any features that may distinguish this system from other
systems of the same type of technology:

Please describe the expected timeline for implementation/construction:

Total Storage Capacity (in kWh):

Optimal Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Minimum Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Maximum Storage Capacity (in kWh):

What is the loss rate of the system:

Please indicate units (e.g. kWh/day or kWh/hour). If the loss rate is not
 constant (e.g. dependent upon energy stored or time since last charged),
please provide an equation, chart, and/or graph with appropriate labels.

Maximum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):

Minimum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Maximum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Minimum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):

Please describe any physical and technological limitations associated with

this system (e.g. how long it takes to switch from charging to discharging
mode and vice versa, range of safe operating temperatures, geological
requirements):

System BB:
What type of technology is this system:
Please select the most accurate answer.
a. Pumped Hydro ES b. Compressed Air ES c. Thermal ES
d. Batteries e. Flow Batteries f. Fuel Cell ES
g. Solar Fuel h. Capacitors i. Supercapacitors
j. Superconducting Magnet ES k. Flywheels
l. Other (Please describe):

Please describe any features that may distinguish this system from other
systems of the same type of technology:

Please describe the expected timeline for implementation/construction:

Total Storage Capacity (in kWh):

Optimal Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Minimum Storage Capacity (in kWh):
Maximum Storage Capacity (in kWh):

What is the loss rate of the system:

Please indicate units (e.g. kWh/day or kWh/hour). If the loss rate is not
constant (e.g. dependent upon energy stored or time since last charged),
please provide an equation, chart, and/or graph with appropriate labels.

Maximum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):

Minimum Charging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Maximum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):
Minimum Discharging Rate (in kWh/hour):

Please describe any physical and technological limitations associated with

this system (e.g. how long it takes to switch from charging to discharging
mode and vice versa, range of safe operating temperatures, geological
 requirements):

26.Please provide any “real-time” data that has been collected in conjunction
with any of the ES systems described in question 25:
Please provide links or attach files in “.xls” format). Please ensure that the
frequency of data points is sufficient to understand the functioning of the
systems.

Life Cycle Assessment

In order to quantify the costs as well as the benefits of energy storage it will be
useful to have further information about the systems listed in the section above
if it is available. These questions are aimed at assessing emissions associated
with the full life cycle of the systems. If you are listing multiple systems, please
ensure that the data for each system corresponds with the appropriate system in
the section above. Please provide best estimates if data has not been recorded
and indicate which figures are estimates.

27.What is the average lifespan of each system?

Please indicate if the lifespan is known or a best estimate.
System A:
System B:
System AA:
System BB:

28.Please list the types and quantities (or volume or weight) of each of the
materials used in manufacturing or constructing each of the systems.

System A:
Material 1: Quantity:
Material 2: Quantity:
Material 3: Quantity:

System B:
Material 1: Quantity:
Material 2: Quantity:
Material 3: Quantity:

System AA:
Material 1: Quantity:
Material 2: Quantity:
Material 3: Quantity:

System BB:
Material 1: Quantity:
Material 2: Quantity:
 Material 3: Quantity:

29.Please list the amount of energy and type of energy associated with the
final manufacturing or construction of each system.

System A:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

System B:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

System AA:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

System BB:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

30.Please list the amount of energy and type of energy associated with
disposing or decommissioning of each final system.

System A:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

System B:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

System AA:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

System BB:
Energy Source 1: Amount(in kWh):
Energy Source 2: Amount (in kWh):

31.Please provide any additional life cycle information that might be useful in
assessing the systems listed above (e.g. major part replacements and
 regular maintenance).

Thank you for completing this survey! Please do not forget to save your
completed survey response in ‘.doc’ or ‘.pdf’ format. Then attach your
completed survey and any supplementary files to an email and send it
to Sean Diamond (seandiamondsustainability@yahoo.com). You should
receive a confirmation that I have received your response within the
next couple of business days.

Please note that by submitting a survey response, you are confirming that you
have the authority and legal right to do so. Furthermore, you are indicating that
all information provided is entirely accurate (unless otherwise noted), and you
are acknowledging that the information may be used for modelling purposes as
part of my dissertation.