Classification of Design

Taguchis Design
Let us say

y = f(x,z)
where y = Product Response
xs = controllable factors
zs = noise factors

The objective is to choose settings of x that will make

the products response insensitive to variability
associated with both x and z and still meet target
specifications with least variability.

Reference Materail

Orthogonal Arrays

The symbology for an orthogonal array is La(bc) where;

L = Latin Square
a = The number of test trials
b = The number of levels for each column, and
c = The number of columns in the array.
2n Series Orthogonal Arrays
L4 (23) Orthogonal Array
No.
1
2
3
4
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1
1
1
2
2

2
1
2
1
2

3
1
2
2
1
2

L12 (211) Orthogonal Array

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2

3
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1

4
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1

5
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2

6
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1

7
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2

8
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1

9 10 11
1 1 1
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 2
1 2 1
2 1 1
1 2 1
1 1 2
2 1 1
2 1 2
1 2 2
2 2 1

This is a special array and no interaction is estimated.

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L8 (27) Orthogonal Array

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2

2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2

3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1

4
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

5
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1

6
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1

7
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2

L8 (41 x 24) Orthogonal Array

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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1-2-3
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4

4
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

5
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1

6
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1

7
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
4

L16 (215) Orthogonal Array

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2

3
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1

4
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2

5
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1

6
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1

7
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2

8
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

9
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

10
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1

11
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2

12
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1

13
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2

14
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2

15
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1

3n Series Orthogonal Arrays

L9 (34) Orthogonal Array
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Reference Materail

1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3

2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3

3
1
2
3
2
3
1
3
1
2

4
1
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
1

Mixed Series Orthogonal Arrays

L18 (21 x 37) Orthogonal Array
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Reference Materail

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3

3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3

4
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
1
3
1
2
2
3
1
3
1
2

5
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
3
1

6
1
2
3
2
3
1
3
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
3
3
1
2

7
1
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
1
3
1
2
1
2
3

8
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
1
7

Selection Of Array - Guidelines

Array
3

L4(2 )
7

L8(2 )
15

L16(2 )
31

L32(2 )
11

L12(2 )
19

L20(2 )
23

L24(2 )
4

L9(3 )
13

L27(3 )

Series

Effects can be estimated

Pure 2 Main effect & Interaction effect
K
Pure 2 Main effect & Interaction effect
K

Pure 2 Main effect & Interaction effect

K
Pure 2 Main effect & Interaction effect

Only 2 level Factors

Only 2 level Factors
Only 2 level Factors
Only 2 level Factors

Pure 2 Only Main effect & no Interaction

effect
K Only Main effect & no Interaction
Pure 2
effect
K
Pure 2 Only Main effect & no Interaction
effect
K Main effect & Interaction effect
Pure 3
K
Pure 3 Main effect & Interaction effect

1
7
L18(2 X 3 ) Mixed

Remarks

Main effect & Interaction effect

Only 2 level Factors

Only 2 level Factors
Only 2 level Factors
Only 3 level Factors
Only 3 level Factors
Only 1 interaction between 2 and 3
factor can be estimated.

For other arrays and requirements, discuss with MBB

Reference Materail

SELECTION OF DESIGN LAYOUT

Compute Total Degrees of Freedom Required to estimate all
Factorial Effects of Interest (TDF).

Minimum number of Experiments (MNE) = (TDF)+1

Choose an OA nearest to the size of Run from MINITAB.

Let us design and analyze a experiment using Taguchis method

Reference Materail

Reaction Example
Objective: To design and analyze a fractional factorial
experiment using Minitab [Taguchi Design]
Output Variable: % Reacted
Inputs:
Feed Rate (liters/minute)[A]
10, 15
Catalyst (%)
[B]
1,2
[C]
100, 120
Agitation Rate (rpm)
Temperature (C) [D]
140,180
Concentration (%)
[E]
3, 6
Use Minitab to setup the Design Matrix
All the main effects and the following interaction to be estimated.
Feed Rate & Temperature
Feed Rate & Agitation rate
Temperature & Agitation rate
Catalyst & Concentration
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Reaction Example
NO. OF TRIALS FOR FULL FACTORIAL : 2 5 = 32 NOS.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF :
A, B, C, D, E
: MAIN EFFECTS
AXD, AXC, DXC & BXE : INTERACTIONS
DEGREES OF FREEDOM REQUIRED:
FACTORS
A
B
C
D
E
AXC
AXD
DXC
BXE
TOTAL

DOF
1
1
1
1
1
1X1 = 1
1X1 = 1
1X1 = 1
1X1 = 1
9

Minimum number of experiment = 9 + 1 = 10

The nearest OA table to select is L16(2 15), as we need to assess the interaction.
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Designing a Taguchis Experiment

Go to Stat>DOE>Taguchi>Create Taguchi Design

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Reaction Example- Designing the experiment

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Reaction Example- Designing the experiment

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Reaction Example- Designing the experiment

Carry out the trials randomly and with at least 1 replicates. Enter the data in
next 2 columns and then analyse it.

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Reaction Example- Analyse the experiment

Select Stat>DOE>Taguchi>Analyse Taguchi Design and click.

Enter the response

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Reaction Example- Analyse the experiment

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Reaction Example- Interpret the experiment

MINITAB Output

Agitation Rate and Temperature is most critical factor as the delta is

high in both cases. In case of conflict tradeoff.
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Reaction Example- Analyse the experiment

Agitation Rate and Temperature is most critical factor as the slope is high.
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Reaction Example- Analyse the experiment

Interaction exists between Agitation Rate and Temperature, because the lines
are not parallel.
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Reaction Example- Analyse the experiment

How to get ANOVA

Step 1 Copy the 2nd response and stack it below
the 1st response.
Step-2 : Copy the design Matrix and paste it below.
Step 3: Run MINITAB Command
Stat>ANOVA>General Linear Model
In Response enter the response column
In Model Enter all the main effects and selected
interaction as decided earlier
Click Okay and the ANOVA will be as below.

Check the p value and if p < 0.05 then

the effect is significant.

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Reaction Example- Optimization and Prediction

Select Optimum , trade off if necessary .
The significant effects are main effect of Agitation, Temperature and
interaction effect of them.
The selected level is Agitation rate 120 and Temperature 140
Predict the optimum response.
Predict the optimum response at Agitation rate of 120 and Temperature
of 140.
MINITAB Command
Go to STAT>DoE>Taguchi>Predict Taguchi result and click. And get the
window

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Select the terms, Optimum levels of selected terms and click ok.

Confirm , Confirm , Confirm the results by actual Trial.

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Class Exercise
Time Limit : 45 mins

Objective: To design and analyze a fractional

factorial experiment using Minitab
Output Variable: Taste Level (Higher Is Better)
Inputs:
Oak Type (A)
Allier, Troncais
Stems (B)
None, All
Barrel Toast ( C)
Light Medium
Temperature (D)
75 , 92
Age of Barrel (E)
Old, New
The interaction AB, CD is important.
Use Minitab to setup the design matrix
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Add the Data and analyse.

The experiment has been performed and the

data is below. Add it to your worksheet.
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Run 5
Run 6
Run 7
Run 8
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
Run 15
Run 16

56
53
63
65
53
55
67
61
69
45
78
93
49
60
95
82

54
52
65
63
55
57
69
59
71
48
79
94
51
61
97
85

Analyse the data and present. Time limit 45 mins

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