Table of Contents:

I. MS Excel Brief History

II. MS Excel Basics
II.1. MS Excel Parts and Interface
II.2. Creating a New Workbook
-Jerwin Jasareno
II.3. Entering Data
II.4. Formatting Data
II.5. Editing Data
II.6. Saving Data
-Omar Dipatuan

III. MS Excel Functions and Formula

-Jeniele Marasigan
IV. MS Excel Advance Functions
IV.1. Logical Function
-Erwin Delaraga
IV.2. Math Function
-Aldrin Asuncion
IV.3. Statistical Function
-Kenneth John Barba
IV.4. Financial Function
-Kian Daanay

I.

MS Excel Brief History:

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X,
and iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic
for Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in
1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of Microsoft
Office. Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 1982. Multiplan became very
popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3. Microsoft released the first
version of Excel for the Macintosh on September 30, 1985, and the first Windows version was 2.05 (to synchronize
with the Macintosh version 2.2) in November 1987

II.

MS Excel Basic:

II.1 MS Excel Parts and Interface:

Active Cell
The active cell is recognized by its black outline. Data is always entered into the active cell. Different cells
can be made active by clicking on them with the mouse or by using the arrow keys on the keyboard
Cell
Cells are the rectangular boxes located in central area of a worksheet.
Data entered into a worksheet is stored in a cell. Each cell can hold only one piece of data at a time.
A cell is the intersection point of a vertical column and a horizontal row.
Each cell in the worksheet can be identified by a cell reference, which is a combination of letters and
numbers such as A1, F456, or AA34.
Column Letters
Columns run vertically on a worksheet and each one is identified by a letter in the column header.
Formula Bar

Located above the worksheet, this area displays the contents of the active cell. It can also be used for
entering or editing data and formulas.
Name Box
Located next to the formula bar, the Name Box displays the cell reference or the name of the active cell.
Quick Access Toolbar
This customizable toolbar allows you to add frequently used commands. Click on the down arrow at the
end of the toolbar to display available options.
Ribbon
The Ribbon is the strip of buttons and icons located above the worksheet. When clicked on, these buttons
and icons activate the various features of program. First introduced in Excel 2007, the ribbon replaced the
menus and toolbars found in Excel 2003 and earlier versions.
Ribbon Tabs
Tabs are part of the horizontal ribbon menu that contains links to various features of the program. Each tab
- such as Home, Page Layout, and Formulas - contains a number of related features and options that are
activated by clicking on the appropriate icon.
The File Tab
The File tab was introduced in Excel 2010 replacing the Excel 2007 Office Button, and it works differently
than the others tabs.
Instead of having its options display on the horizontal ribbon, clicking on the File tab opens a drop down
menu on the left side of the screen.
This tab also contains items that are mostly related to file and document management - such as opening
new or existing worksheet files, saving, and printing.
The options item, which is also located on the menu, is used to alter the look of the program as a whole by
choosing which screen elements to display, such as scroll bars and gridlines. It also contains options for
activating a number of settings - such as automatic recalculation of worksheet files and choosing which
languages to use for spell check and grammar.
Row Numbers
Rows run horizontally in a worksheet and are identified by a number in the row header.
Sheet Tabs
By default there is one worksheet in an Excel 2013 file.
The tab at the bottom of a worksheet tells you the name of the worksheet - such as Sheet1, Sheet2 etc.
Renaming a worksheet or changing the tab color can make it easier to keep track of data in large
spreadsheet files.
Switching between worksheets can be done by clicking on the tab of the sheet you wish to access or by
using this keyboard shortcut to change between worksheets.
Status Bar
The status bar, located at the bottom of screen displays the status of the options chosen to appear there by
the user.
Customizing the bar to display specific options, such as the zoom slider, the cell mode, or macro recording,
is done by right click clicking on it with the mouse pointer and then clicking on the desired options.
By default, a number of options are pre-selected for display on the status bar. The default options include
Average, Count, and Sum, which are linked to the Excel functions by the same name.
If two or more cells containing number data are selected in a worksheet, by default, the status bar displays:
o the average value of the data in the cells selected
o the number of cells selected (count)
o the total value of the data in the cells selected (sum)
Zoom Slider
Located in the bottom right corner of the Excel screen, the zoom slider is used to change the magnification
of a worksheet by dragging the slider box back and forth or by clicking on the Zoom Out and Zoom In
buttons located at either end of the slider.

II.2 Creating a New Workbook:

A Microsoft Office Excel workbook is a file that contains one or more worksheets that
you can use to organize various kinds of related information. To create a new workbook, you
can open a blank workbook. You can also base a new workbook on an existing workbook.
Open a new, blank workbook

1.

Click Microsoft Office Button

, and then click New.

2.

Under Templates, make sure that Blank and recent is selected, and then under Blank and recent in the
right pane, double-click Blank Workbook.
Keyboard shortcut To quickly create a new, blank workbook, you can also press CTRL+N.

Tips

By default, a new workbook contains three worksheets, but you can change the number of worksheets that
you want a new workbook to contain under When creating new workbooks on the Popular tab in the

Excel Options dialog box (Microsoft Office Button

You can also add and remove worksheets as needed.
Base a new workbook on an existing workbook

, Excel Options button).

1.

Click Microsoft Office Button

, and then click New.

2.

Under Templates, click New from existing.

3.

In the New from Existing Workbook dialog box, browse to the drive, folder, or Internet location that
contains the workbook that you want to open.

4.

Click the workbook, and then click Create New.

Base a new workbook on a template

1.

Click Microsoft Office Button

, and then click New.

2.

Under Templates, click Installed Templates or My templates.

3.

Do one of the following:

o

To use an installed template, under Installed Templates, click the template that you want, and
then click Create.

To use your own template, on the My Templates tab, double-click the template that you want.

Note The My Templates tab lists the templates that you have created. If you do not see the
template that you want to use, make sure that it is located in the correct folder. Custom templates
are typically stored in the Templates folder, which is usually
C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Templates in Windows Vista, and C:\Documents
and Settings\user_name\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates in Microsoft Windows XP.
Tips

To obtain more workbook templates, you can download them from Microsoft Office Online. In the New
Workbook dialog box, under Microsoft Office Online, click a specific template category, click the
template that you want to download, and then click Download.

For more information about how to create your own templates, see Create and use an Excel template.

II.3 Excel basic, Entering Data:

Microsoft Excel worksheets are made up of rows and columns. Rows are defined by numbers and columns
are defined by letters. When you open Excel, cell A1 is automatically highlighted. Anything you type will show up
in this cell. To enter text into a different cell, simply select the cell by clicking on it and then begin typing.
Before entering text, it is helpful to be aware or the three shapes your cursor will take and what each one means:
The thick white cross. This is used for cell selection.
The thin black cross. This is used for autofilling data and for copying formulas, both of which will be covered
later in this course.
The four-headed arrow. This is used for moving cells or other items.
Entering Text
To enter text in Microsoft Excel:
1.

Select the cell into which you wish to enter text by clicking on it.

2.

Begin typing.

Note that in addition to showing up in the cell, the text you are typing also shows up in the Formula Bar:

Expand Data across Columns

You can also easily expand data across columns by hovering the cursor over the lower-right corner of the
cell and when it turns into a thin black cross, dragging. This will copy the data to multiple columns.
Adding and Deleting Cells
You can add and delete cells when working with a worksheet:
To add a cell to a worksheet:
1.
2.
3.

Select the cell where you want to insert a new cell.

Right-click and select Insert.
In the Insert dialog box, select an option and click OK.

To delete a cell in a worksheet:

1. Select the cell you want to delete.
2. Right-click and select Delete.
3. In the Delete dialog box, select an option and click OK.
Adding an Outline
You can group your data in Excel by using outlines. An outline allows you to group and limit that data that
you are viewing You have two types - Auto and Manual. Auto Outline works well if you have used Summaries
(formulas to tally rows). Manual works well if you just have a list and you wish to choose the groups.
To add an outline to your data:
1.
2.
3.

On the DATA tab, from the Outline group, select the Group drop-down arrow.
Select Auto Outline.
You can now expand or collapse sections using the + and - signs on the side of the worksheet.

Using AutoComplete
When you are typing data into a list, Microsoft Excel will attempt to guess what you intend to type based
on the data in the cells above the one in which you are typing. The example below illustrates this. Only the letter "B"
has been typed into cell A4. Excel is guessing that the user intends to type "Ball":
If the user does intend to enter "Ball", he or she can press Enter as soon as Excel has correctly guessed.
Things to be aware or regarding the AutoComplete feature:
1.
2.

If there are multiple words in a list starting with the same letter, Excel won't guess until enough letters have
been typed that only one match remains:
If there is an empty cell in the middle of a list, Excel will assume the data above and below the empty cell
constitute different lists, and AutoComplete will not recognize words from the other list:

Adding a Hyperlink
To add a hyperlink to a cell in Microsoft Excel:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Select the cell to which you want to add the hyperlink.

From the INSERT tab, in the Links section, select Hyperlink.
In the Insert Hyperlink dialog box, select the text to display as well as the link address, and then click
OK.
The link now appears in the sheet.

Add WordArt to a Worksheet

You can insert WordArt in a worksheet in Excel 2013.
To add WordArt:
1.
2.
3.

On the INSERT tab, in the Text section, select the WordArt arrow.
Select a WordArt style from the list.
A text box appears where you can enter your WordArt text.

Entering Numbers and Dates

In the next lesson we will cover formatting numbers to include commas, decimals, currency symbols and
more, and formatting dates in various ways. In this lesson, however, we will simply enter dates and numbers in the
most basic format, and use autofill to quickly add numbers that follow a pattern.
To enter numbers in Microsoft Excel:
1.
2.

Select the cell into which you wish to enter a number by clicking on it.
Begin typing a number.

To enter dates in Microsoft Excel:

1.

Select the cell into which you wish to enter a date by clicking on it.

2.

Type the date in the following format: mm/dd/yy (e.g., 12/21/12) or m/d/yy (e.g., 1/1/00).

II.4 MS Excel basic, Formatting Data:

As well as giving your spreadsheet a professional look, the use of Excel formatting can provide essential
information that determines the way a user interprets the data in the spreadsheet.

This is particularly the case with Excel numbers.

As dates, time, percentages and currency values are all stored as numbers in Excel, it is only the formatting of these
numbers that tells the user of the spreadsheet what they represent.

How To Change Formatting in Excel

To format data in Excel cells, you first need to select the cells to be formatted. Some of the more popular formatting
options can then be accessed directly from the Home tab of the ribbon (or in older versions of Excel, from the
formatting toolbar).
However, for the full menu of formatting options, you will need to use the Format Cells control box, which can be
accessed by any of the following methods :

Right-click on the selected cell or range and select the Format Cells ... option from the drop-down menu

Press CTRL-1 (ie. Select the CONTROL key and while this is depressed, select the "1" (one) key)

Use the menu at the top of Excel. In recent versions of Excel (2007 or later), this is the option
FormatFormat Cells..., which is found in the Home tab of the ribbon.

or
or

Make sure that the Number tab at the top of the control box is selected. Within this tab, you will see a window with
the heading Category, which has several data types listed.
Select the Excel formatting Category that you want to apply to your cell (e.g. Number, Percentage, Date, etc). For
most of the categories, this will cause further options to appear on the right hand side of the control box, which you
can use to tailor your formatting style.
Once you have selected the formatting style that you want, click OK.
Note that the listed formats will only work with numbers, so if you apply a date format to a cell containing text,
the appearance of the cell will remain unchanged.

II.5MS Excel basic, Edit Data:

If incorrect information has been entered into a cell, one easy way to edit that is to click on the cell and
enter the correct information. You do not need to highlight or delete. Typing replaces whatever is in the cell.
If you do not want to replace the data, but simply need to correct some part of it, move your cursor into the Formula
bar.

MS Excel basic Resizing of columns:

Set a column to a specific width
1.

Select the column or columns that you want to change.

2.

On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.

3.

Under Cell Size, click Column Width.

4.

In the Column width box, type the value that you want.

5.

Click OK.
Tip To quickly set the width of a single column, right-click the selected column, click Column Width,
and then type the value that you want.

Change the column width to automatically fit the contents (auto fit)
1.

Select the column or columns that you want to change.

2.

On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.

3.

Under Cell Size, click AutoFit Column Width.

Note To quickly autofit all columns on the worksheet, click the Select All button, and then double-click
any boundary between two column headings.

Match the column width to another column

1.

Select a cell in the column that has the width that you want to use.

2.

Press Ctrl+C, or on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy.

3.

Right-click a cell in the target column, point to Paste Special, and then click the Keep Source Columns
Widths button

Change the default width for all columns on a worksheet or workbook

The value for the default column width indicates the average number of characters of the standard font that fit in a
cell. You can specify a different number for the default column width for a worksheet or workbook.
1.

Do one of the following:

o

To change the default column width for a worksheet, click its sheet tab.

To change the default column width for the entire workbook, right-click a sheet tab, and then click
Select All Sheets on the shortcut menu.

2.

On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.

3.

Under Cell Size, click Default Width.

4.

In the Standard column width box, type a new measurement, then click OK.
Tip If you want to define the default column width for all new workbooks and worksheets, you can create
a workbook template or a worksheet template, and then base new workbooks or worksheets on those
templates.

Change the width of columns by using the mouse

Do one of the following:

To change the width of one column, drag the boundary on the right side of the column heading until the
column is the width that you want.

To change the width of multiple columns, select the columns that you want to change, and then drag a
boundary to the right of a selected column heading.

To change the width of columns to fit the contents, select the column or columns that you want to change,
and then double-click the boundary to the right of a selected column heading.

To change the width of all columns on the worksheet, click the Select All button, and then drag the
boundary of any column heading.

II.6MS Excel basic, Saving File:

To Save Workbook:
1. Locate and select the Save command on the Quick Access toolbar.
2. If you're saving the file for the first time, the Save As pane will appear in Backstage view.
3. You'll then need to choose where to save the file and give it a file name. To save the workbook to your
computer, select Computer, then click Browse. Alternatively, you can click OneDrive to save the file to
your OneDrive.
4. The Save As dialog box will appear. Select the location where you want to save the workbook.
5. Enter a file name for the workbook, then click Save.
6. The workbook will be saved. You can click the Save command again to save your changes as you
modify the workbook.
To change the default save location:
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view. Clicking the File tab.
2.

Click Options. Clicking Options.

3. The Excel Options dialog box will appear. Select Save, check the box next to Save to Computer by
default, then click OK. The default save location will be changed.

III.

MS Excel Functions and formulas:

MS Excel has many capabilities that make it suitable for use as data management tool. It provides multiple
features for organizing and managing data, so you can ensure that data is entered correctly and calculation and
formula are valid. Excel makes use of formula (mathematical expression that you create) and function (mathematical
expression that are already available in excel) to dynamically calculate results from the data available in your
worksheet.
Formulas in Microsoft Excel begin with an equal sign. The equal sign tells Excel that the succeeding
characters constitute a formula. If you don't enter the equal sign, Excel will treat your entry as text and the
calculation will fail. Entering Formulas After the equal sign, a formula includes the addresses of the cells whose
values will be manipulated with appropriate operands placed in between. The operands are the standard arithmetic
operators: Operator Meaning Example (+) Addition =A7+A9 (-) Subtraction =A7-A9 (*) Multiplication (/ ) Division
( ) Exponents =A7*A9 = A7/A9 =A7A9
Functions are pre-dened formulas that come with Excel. Functions dier from regular formulas in that,
after the equal sign, you supply the cell addresses but not the arithmetic operators. Functions perform calculations by
using specic values, called arguments, in a particular order called syntax. When using a function, remember the
following: Use an equal sign to begin the function. Specify the function name. Enclose all of the functions
arguments within parentheses. Use a comma to separate the functions individual arguments.

IV.

Advanced Functions:

IV.1 Logical Function:

The logical functions operate on logical ('boolean') values, that is, TRUE or FALSE.

And:
Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE. If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns the
FALSE value. The arguments are either logical expression themselves
e.g. =AND(12<13;14>12;7<6) returns FALSE.

False:
Returns the logical value FALSE. The FALSE() function does not require any arguments.
e.g. =FALSE() returns FALSE
IF:
returns one of two values, depending on a test condition. Specifies a logical test to be performed
e.g. =IF(A1>5;100;"too small") If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the value 100 is entered in the current cell;
otherwise, the text too small (without quotes) is entered.
Not:
Complements (inverts) a logical value.
e.g. =NOT(A). If A=TRUE then NOT(A) will evaluate FALSE.
Or:

Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE. This function returns the value FALSE, if all the arguments have
the logical value FALSE.
The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or
arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.
e.g. =OR(12<11;13>22;45=45) returns TRUE.

True:
The logical value is set to TRUE. The TRUE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the
logical value TRUE.
e.g. =AND(A;B) returns FALSE, =OR(A;B) returns TRUE, =NOT(AND(A;B)) returns TRUE

Xor:
Returns true if an odd number of arguments evaluates to TRUE.
The arguments are either logical expressions themselves
e.g. =XOR(TRUE;TRUE) returns FALSE, =XOR(TRUE;TRUE;TRUE) returns TRUE, =XOR(FALSE;TRUE)
returns TRUE

IV.2Math Function:

The Excel Math Functions perform many of the common mathematical

calculations, including basic arithmetic, conditional sums & products, exponents &
logarithms, and the trigonometric ratios.
Here are some basic math functions
Basic Numeric Information:
ABS

Returns the absolute value (ie. the modulus) of a supplied number

e.g. =ABS( -1 ) = 1, =ABS( -6.5 ) = 6.5, =ABS( 2 - 4.5 ) = 2.5

Sign

The Excel SIGN function returns the sign (+1, -1 or 0) of a supplied number. ie. if the number is positive,
the Sign function returns +1, if the number is negative, the function returns -1 and if the number is 0 (zero),
the function returns 0.
e.g. =SIGN(9.5) = 1, =SIGN(-10) = -1, =SIGN(0) = 0

GCD

The Excel GCD function returns the greatest common divisor of two or more supplied integers.
e.g. =GCD( 1, 5 ) = 1, =GCD( 15, 10, 25 ) = 5, =GCD( 0, 8, 12 ) = 4

LCM

The Excel LCM function returns the least common multiple of two or more supplied integers.
e.g. =LCM( 1, 5 ) = 5, =LCM( 15, 10, 25 ) = 150, =LCM( 1, 8, 12 ) = 24

Basic Mathematical Operations:

Sum

Returns the sum of a supplied list of numbers. Values included are numbers and date.
e.g. =SUM( 5+6, 7, 8, 9 ) = 35, =SUM( 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) = 100

Product

returns the product (multiplication) of a supplied set of numerical values.

e.g. =PRODUCT( 3, 6, 2, 8, 5 )

POWER

Returns the result of a given number raised to a supplied power.

e.g. =POWER(2, 6) = 64;wherein POWER( number, power )

SQRT

Returns the positive square root of a given number

e.g. =SQRT(64) = 8, =SQRT( POWER(144, 2) ) = 144

IV.3Statistical Function:
Excel provides a large selection of Statistical Functions, that perform
calculations ranging from basic mean, median & mode to the more complex
statistical distribution and probability tests.
Here are some basic statistical functions

Finding the Largest & Smallest Values:

MAX Returns the largest value from a list of supplied numbers
e.g. =MAX(A1:A5) = 5, wherein A1=4, A2=3, A3=1 A4=5, A5=2
MAXA

Returns the largest value from a list of supplied values, counting text and the logical value FALSE
as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1

e.g. =MAXA(A1:A3, TRUE, FALSE) = 1, wherein A1=-1, A2=-5, A3=-3

Returns the smallest value from a list of supplied numbers

MIN

e.g. Use example in MAX just change it to MIN

MINA Returns the smallest value from a list of supplied values, counting text and

the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as
the value 1
e.g. Use example in MAXA just change it to MINA
LARGE

Returns the Kth LARGEST value from a list of supplied numbers, for a
given value K

e.g. =LARGE(A1:A5, 3) = 6, wherein A1=6, A2=12, A3=15, A4=1, A5=4

=LARGE( array, k )

Returns the Kth SMALLEST value from a list of supplied numbers, for a
given value K
e.g. =SMALL(A1:A5, 5) = 15 wherein A1=6, A2=12, A3=15, A4=1, A5=4
=SMALL( array,
k )

SMALL

Average, rank etc.:

AVERAGE
Returns the Average of a list of supplied numbers
e.g. =AVERAGE(A1:A5) = 8, wherein A1=8, A2=7, A3=9, A4=6, A5=10
MEDIAN
Returns the Median (the middle value) of a list of supplied numbers
e.g. =MEDIAN(A1:A5) = 4, wherein A1=1, A2=3, A3=4, A4=9, A5=10

Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring value) of a list of

supplied numbers
e.g. =MODE(A1:A5) = 2 wherein A1=2, A2=4, A3=4, A4=10, A5=2 Returns the lowest mode

MODE

RANK
Returns the statistical rank of a given value, within a supplied array of
values
e.g. =RANK(8, A1:A5) = 3, where in A1=1, A2=11, A3=8, A4=9, A5=2

IV.4Financial Functions:
These functions perform many of the commonly used financial calculations, such as the calculation of
yield, interest rates, investment valuations and asset depreciation.
Investment Value Functions

FV

Calculates the future value of an investment with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate.
Syntax: FV( rate, nper, [pmt], [pv], [type] )
Where the arguments are as follows:
Rate - The interest rate, per period
Nper - The number of periods for the lifetime of the annuity
[pmt] - An optional argument that specifies the payment per period
(if the [pmt] argument is omitted, the [pv] argument must be supplied)
[pv] - An optional argument that specifies the present value of the annuity - i.e. the amount that a series of
future payments is worth now
(if the [pv] argument is omitted, it takes on the default value 0. Also, if [pv] is omitted, the [pmt] argument
must be supplied)
[type] - An optional argument that defines whether the payment is made at the start or the end of the period.
The type argument can have the value 0 or 1, meaning:
0 - the payment is made at the end of the period
1 - the payment is made at the beginning of the period
If the [type] argument is omitted, it takes on the default value of 0 (denoting payments made at the
end of the period)

Formula: Future value of an investment of $1,000 per month over 5 years, with a present value of $0, and an interest
rate of 5% per year (payment made at end of each mth):
=FV( 5%/12, 60, -1000 ) = $68,006.08
PV

Calculates the present value of an investment (ie. the total amount that a series of future payments is worth
now)
Syntax: PV( rate, nper, [pmt], [fv], [type] )
Where the arguments are as follows:
Rate - The interest rate, per period.
Nper - The number of periods for the lifetime of the annuity or investment.
[pmt] - An optional argument that specifies the payment per period.
If the [pmt] argument is omitted, the [fv] argument must be supplied.
[fv] - An optional argument that specifies the future value of the annuity, at the end of nper
payments. If the [fv] argument is omitted, it takes on the default value 0.
[type] - An optional argument that defines whether the payment is made at the start or the end of the period.
The [type] argument can have the value 0 or 1, meaning:
0 - the payment is made at the end of the period;
1 - the payment is made at the beginning of the period.
If the [type] argument is omitted, it takes on the default value of 0 (denoting payments made at the
end of the period).

Formula: Present value of an annuity with an interest rate of 5% per year and payment of $1,000 per month over 5
years(payment mad at end of each month):
=PV(5%/12, 60, 1000) = 52,990.71