BS en - 848 - 1 - 2007

Licensed Copy: Gilbert Athens, University of Birmingham, 07/06/2008 00:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BRITISH STANDARD
Safety of woodworking
machines One side
moulding machines
with rotating tool
Part 1: Single spindle vertical moulding
machines
The European Standard EN 848-1:2007 has the status of a

British Standard
ICS 79.120.10
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN
848-1:2007
BS EN 848-1:2007
National foreword
This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of
EN 848-1:2007. It supersedes BS EN 848-1:1999 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
MTE/23, Woodworking machines.
A list of organizations represented on MTE/23 can be obtained on request to its
secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee
on 30 March 2007
BSI 2007
ISBN 978 0 580 50423 5
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No.
Date
Comments
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 848-1
NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM
February 2007
ICS 79.120.10
Supersedes EN 848-1:1998
English Version
Safety of woodworking machines - One side moulding machines

with rotating tool - Part 1: Single spindle vertical moulding
machines
Scurit des machines pour le travail du bois - Machines
fraiser sur une face, outil rotatif - Partie 1: Toupie
monobroche arbre verticale
Sicherheit von Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen Frsmaschinen fr einseitige Bearbeitung mit drehendem

Werkzeug - Teil 1: Einspindelige senkrechte
Tischfrsmaschinen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 January 2007.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
2007 CEN
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

worldwide for CEN national Members.
B-1050 Brussels
Ref. No. EN 848-1:2007: E
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................5
1
Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6
Normative references ............................................................................................................................6
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................9

General....................................................................................................................................................9
Definitions ..............................................................................................................................................9
Terminology .........................................................................................................................................14
List of significant hazards ..................................................................................................................17
5
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.8
5.2.9
5.2.10
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.3.6
5.3.7
5.3.8
5.3.9
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4
5.4.5
5.4.6
5.4.7
5.4.8
5.4.9
5.4.10
5.4.11
Safety requirements and/or measures ..............................................................................................20

General..................................................................................................................................................20
Controls ................................................................................................................................................20
Safety and reliability of control systems...........................................................................................20
Position of controls .............................................................................................................................21
Starting .................................................................................................................................................23
Normal stopping ..................................................................................................................................23
Emergency stop ...................................................................................................................................24
Mode selection .....................................................................................................................................24
Speed changing ...................................................................................................................................25
Adjustments control ............................................................................................................................26
Failure of the power supply ................................................................................................................27
Failure of the control circuits .............................................................................................................27
Protection against mechanical hazards ............................................................................................28
Stability .................................................................................................................................................28
Hazard of break-up during operation.................................................................................................28
Tool holder and tool design................................................................................................................28
Braking..................................................................................................................................................34
Devices to minimise the possibility or the effect of kickback ........................................................35
Work-piece supports and guides .......................................................................................................38
Prevention of access to moving parts...............................................................................................44
Workpiece clamping device................................................................................................................49
Safety appliances.................................................................................................................................49
Protection against non-mechanical hazards ....................................................................................50
Fire ........................................................................................................................................................50
Noise .....................................................................................................................................................50
Emission of chips and dust ................................................................................................................51
Electricity..............................................................................................................................................52
Ergonomics and handling...................................................................................................................52
Pneumatics...........................................................................................................................................53
Hydraulics.............................................................................................................................................53
Electromagnetic compatibility............................................................................................................53
Errors of fitting.....................................................................................................................................53
Supply disconnecting devices ...........................................................................................................53
Maintenance .........................................................................................................................................54
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
Information for use ..............................................................................................................................54

Warning devices ..................................................................................................................................54
Marking .................................................................................................................................................54
Instruction handbook ..........................................................................................................................57
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex A (normative) Determination of maximum tool spindle speeds ......................................................61

A.1
Determination of spindle speed .........................................................................................................61
Annex B (normative) Rigidity test for pressure pads, hand protectors and guiding steadies .................66
B.1
Pressure pads ......................................................................................................................................66
B.1.1 Fence pressure pads...........................................................................................................................66
B.1.2 Table pressure pads............................................................................................................................68
B.1.3 Measuring equipment .........................................................................................................................69
B.1.4 Test and test requirements.................................................................................................................69
B.1.5 Measuring conditions .........................................................................................................................69
B.2
Adjustable guard (Hand protector) and guiding steady..................................................................69
B.2.1 Adjustable guard .................................................................................................................................69
B.2.2 Guiding steady.....................................................................................................................................70
B.2.3 Measuring equipment .........................................................................................................................72
B.2.4 Test .......................................................................................................................................................72
B.2.5 Measuring conditions .........................................................................................................................72
Annex C (normative) Stability test for displaceable machines ....................................................................73
Annex D (informative) Use of well tried components....................................................................................74
Annex E (normative) Brake tests ....................................................................................................................75
E.1
Conditions for all tests........................................................................................................................75
E.2
Tests .....................................................................................................................................................75
E.2.1 Un-braked run-down time ...................................................................................................................75
E.2.2 Run-up time..........................................................................................................................................75
E.2.3 Braked run-down time.........................................................................................................................75
Annex F (normative) Use of electronic components ....................................................................................77
F.1
General .................................................................................................................................................77
F.2
SRECS ..................................................................................................................................................77
F.2.1 Components, hardware.......................................................................................................................77
F.2.2 Safety related software .......................................................................................................................78
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of UE Directive 98/37/EC............................................................................................80
Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................83
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 848-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 142 Woodworking
machines - Safety, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by August 2007.
This document supersedes EN 848-1:1998.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the Machinery Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
Organisation contributing to the preparation of this document include the European Association of
Manufacturer of Woodworking Machines "EUMABOIS".
The European Standards produced by CEN/TC 142 are particular to woodworking machines and compliment
the relevant A and B standards on the subject of general safety (see introduction of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 for
a description of A, B and C standards).
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means of conforming to the
essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, and associated EFTA Regulations.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN 12100-1:2003.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of other standards, for machines that
have been designed and built in accordance with the requirements of the provisions of this type C standard.
The requirements of this document are directed to manufacturers and their authorised representatives of
single spindle vertical moulding machines. It is also useful for designers.
This document also includes provisions and examples of information to be provided by the manufacturer to
the user.
Common requirements for tooling are given in EN 847-1:2005, EN 847-2:2001 and EN 847-3:2004.
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Scope
This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Clause 4 which
are relevant to stationary and displaceable hand fed single spindle vertical moulding machines (with or without
demountable power feed unit), herein after referred to as "machines", designed to cut solid wood, chip board,
fibreboard, plywood and also these materials if they are covered with plastic laminate or edgings when they
are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer.
NOTE 1
For the definition of stationary and displaceable machine see 3.2.17 and 3.2.18.
This document does not apply to:

a)
machines equipped with outboard bearings;
b)
machines equipped with powered movements of front extension table and/or tenoning travelling table;
c)
hand held woodworking machines or any adaptation permitting their use in a different mode, i.e. bench
mounting;
NOTE 2
d)
Hand-held motor-operated electric tools are dealt with in EN 60745-1:2003 together with EN 60745-2-17:2003.
machines set up on a bench or a table similar to a bench, which are intended to carry out work in a
stationary position, capable of being lifted by one person by hand. The bench can also be an integrated
part of the machine if it consists of hinged legs which can be extended down;
NOTE 3
Transportable
prEN 61029-2-8:2003.
motor-operated
electric
tools
are
dealt
with
in
EN
61029-1:2000
together
with
This document is not applicable to hand fed single spindle vertical moulding machines which are
manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
NOTE 4
Machines covered by this document are listed under A.7 of Annex IV of the Machinery Directive.
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs
EN 847-1:2005, Tools for woodworking Safety requirements Part 1: Milling tools, circular saw blades
EN 847-2:2001, Tools for woodworking Safety requirements Part 2: Requirements for the shank of
shank mounted milling tools
EN 894-1:1997, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
actuators Part 2: Displays
actuators Part 3: Control actuators
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components
Hydraulics
EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components
Pneumatics
EN 1005-1:2001, Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 1: Terms and definitions
EN 1005-2:2003, Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 2: Manual handling of
machinery and component parts of machinery
EN 1005-3:2002, Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 3: Recommended force limits
for machinery operation
EN 1005-4:2005, Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 4: Evaluation of working
postures and movements in relation to machinery
EN 1037:1995, Safety of machinery Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery Interlocking devices associated with guards Principles for design
and selection
EN 1837:1999, Safety of machinery Integral lighting of machines
EN 50178:1997, Electronic equipment for use in power installations
EN 50370-1:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Product family standard for machine tools Part
1: Emission
EN 50370-2:2003, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Product family standard for machine tools Part
2: Immunity
EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005, modified)
EN 60439-1:1999, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies Part 1: Type-tested and partially
type-tested assemblies (IEC 60439-1:1999)
EN 60529:1991, Degree of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 61310-1:1995, Safety of machinery Indication, marking and actuation Part 1: Requirements for visual,
auditory and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:1995)
EN 61496-1:2004, Safety of machinery Electro sensitive protective equipment Part 1: General
requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1:2004, modified)
EN 61508-3:2001, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety related systems
Part 3: Software requirements (IEC 61508-3:1998 + Corrigendum 1999)
EN 62061:2005, Safety of machinery Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable control systems (IEC 62061:2005)
EN ISO 3743-1:1995, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources Engineering
methods for small movable sources in reverberant fields Part 1: Comparison method for hard-walled test
rooms (ISO 3743-1:1994)
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
EN ISO 3743-2:1996, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
pressure Engineering methods for small, movable sources in reverberant fields Part 1: Methods for
special reverberation test rooms (ISO 3743-2:1994)
EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
Precision methods for anechoic and semi-anechoic rooms (ISO 3745:2003)
Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane (ISO 3746:1995)
EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 9614-1:1995, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
intensity Part 1: Measurement at discreet points (ISO 9614-1:1993)
EN ISO 11202:1995, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement method of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Survey method in situ
(ISO 11202:1995)
EN ISO 11202:1995/AC:1997, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement
method of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Survey method
in situ (ISO 11202:1995/Cor.1:1997)
EN ISO 11204:1995, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Method requiring environmental
corrections (ISO 11204:1995)
EN ISO 11204:1995/AC:1997, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Method requiring
environmental corrections (ISO 11204:1995/Cor.1:1997)
EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 11688-1:1998/AC:1998, Acoustics Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery
and equipment Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2:
Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-2:2003, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2:2003)
EN ISO 13850:2006, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006)
ISO 7009:1983, Woodworking machines Single spindle moulding machines Nomenclature and
acceptance conditions
ISO 7960:1995, Airborne noise emitted by machine tools Operating conditions for woodworking machines
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
3
3.1
Terms and definitions

General
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following
apply.
3.2
Definitions
3.2.1
single spindle vertical moulding machine
hand fed machine fitted with a single vertical spindle (fixed or removable) the position of which is fixed during
machining and a horizontal table, all or part of which are fixed during operation. The spindle passes through
the table and its drive motor is situated beneath the table. The machine may have any of the following
features:
a) the facility for the spindle to be vertically adjustable relative to the table;
b) the facility to tilt the spindle;
c) the facility for fitting an additional manually operated tenoning travelling table;
d) the facility for the glass bead recovery;
e) the facility for an adjustable table insert
3.2.2
straight work
shaping of a work-piece with one face in contact with the table and a second with the fence, and where the
work starts at one end of the work-piece and continues through to the other end (see Figure 1)
Figure 1 Example of straight work
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
3.2.3
curved work
machining of a curve on a work-piece by having one side in contact with the table (or if held in a jig with the jig
in contact with the table) and the other in contact with the vertical reference of a steady (see Figure 2) or ball
ring guide when using a jig
Figure 2 Example of curved work

3.2.4
tenoning
machining of projections and slots on the end of a work-piece to facilitate the joining of work-pieces. This
includes profiled tenons (see Figure 3)
Key
1
2
tenon
slot
Figure 3 Example of workpiece with tenon/slot
10
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
3.2.5
stopped straight work
machining of only a part of the work-piece length (see Figure 4)
Key
1
end stop to prevent kickback
Figure 4 Example of stopped straight work

3.2.6
glass bead saw unit
work unit fitted with a saw-blade to cut out a glass bead from the machined profile of the work-piece (e.g. see
Figure 5)
11
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
2
glass bead saw-blade

bead ledge separator
3
4
anti-kickback finger
pressure device
5
6
guiding channel for glass bead ledge

glass bead ledge
7
8
workpiece
fixed safeguard for glass bead saw blade
9 automatic guard for glass bead saw blade

10 fence
11 feed direction
Figure 5 Example of glass bead recovery unit
3.2.7
hand feed
manual holding and/or guiding of the work-piece. Hand feed may include the use of a hand operated carriage
on which the work-piece is placed manually or clamped and the use of a de-mountable power feed unit
3.2.8
de-mountable power feed unit
power feed mechanism which is mounted on the machine so that it can be moved from its working position to
a rest position and vice versa without the use of a spanner or similar additional device
3.2.9
speed range
range between the lowest and the highest rotational speed for which the tool spindle or tool is designed to
operate
3.2.10
kickback
particular form of ejection describing the uncontrolled movement of the work-piece, parts of it or parts of the
machine opposite to the direction of feed during processing
12
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
3.2.11
anti-kickback device
device which either reduces the possibility of kickback or arrests the motion during kickback of the work-piece,
parts of it or parts of the machine
3.2.12
removable spindle
tool spindle capable of being changed without removing the main spindle bearings
3.2.13
machine actuator
power mechanism used to effect motion of the machine
3.2.14
information of the supplier
statements, sales literature, leaflets or other documents in which a manufacturer (or supplier) declares either
the characteristics of e.g. a material or product or the conformity of the material or product to a relevant
standard
3.2.15
run-up time
elapsed time from the actuation of the start control device until the spindle reaches the selected speed
3.2.16
run-down time
elapsed time from the actuation of the stop control device to spindle stand still
3.2.17
stationary machine
machine designed to be located on or fixed to the floor or other parts of the structure of the premises and to
be stationary during use
3.2.18
displaceable machine
machine which is located on the floor, stationary during use and equipped with a device, normally wheels,
which allows it to be moved between locations
3.2.19
safety related electrical control system (SRECS)
electrical that is part of the system supplied by the manufacturer whose failure can result in an immediate
increase of the risk(s) (3.2.4 of EN 62061:2005)
3.2.20
embedded software
software that is part of the system supplied by the manufacturer that is not normally accessible for
modification
NOTE 1
Firmware or system software are examples of embedded software (see 3.2.47 of EN 62061:2005).
NOTE 2
Manufacturer means manufacturer of the system.
NOTE 3
For example the operating system of a speed monitoring device.
3.2.21
application software
software specific to the application that is specifically implemented by the designer of the SRECS, generally
containing logic sequences, limits and expressions that control the appropriate inputs, outputs, calculations
and decisions necessary to meet the SRECS functional requirements (see 3.2.46 of EN 62061:2005)
13
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
NOTE
3.3
For example the PLC program to run a machine.
Terminology
The main parts of the machine and their terminology are shown in Table 1 and Figures 6 a), 6 b), 6 c) and 6 d).
Figure 6 a) Example of a single spindle vertical moulding machine equipped for straight work
14
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Figure 6 b) Example of a single spindle vertical moulding machine equipped for curved work
Figure 6 c) Example of tool safeguarding for a single spindle vertical moulding machine equipped
for tenoning with transparent adjustable guards
15
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Figure 6 d) Example of tool safeguarding for a single spindle vertical moulding machine equipped
for tenoning with transparent self adjusting guard
Figure 6 Single spindle vertical moulding machine terminology
Table 1 Main components of single spindle vertical moulding machines

Reference number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
16
Terminology
Main frame
Speed indicator
Spindle lock
Start and stop controls
Tool
Table rings
Straight work guard
Fence plates
Enclosure
Chip and dust extraction outlet
Curved work guard
Bonnet guard
Guiding steady
Travelling table
Work-piece clamping device
Adjustable guard
De-mountable power feed unit
Push stick
Guards fixed to the travelling table
Table extension
Adjustable end stop
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
List of significant hazards
This clause contains the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (see EN 1050:1996), as far as
they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for the machines as defined in
the scope and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. This document deals with these significant
hazards by defining safety requirements and/or measures or by reference to relevant standards:
These hazards are listed in Table 2 in accordance with Annex A of EN 1050:1996.
Table 2 List of significant hazards

No
Hazards, hazardous situations and

hazardous events
Part1:2003
1
Relevant
clauses of
this
document
EN ISO 12100
Part 2:2003
Mechanical hazards related to

- machine parts or workpiece due to:
a) shape
4.2
b) relative location
5.3.3, 5.3.5,
5.3.6, 5.3.7,
4.2.1, 4.2.2, 5.3.8
5
5.2.2, 5.3.5,
5.3.6
c) mass and stability (potential energy

of elements which may move under the
effect of gravity)
5.3.1, 5.3.7
d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of

elements in controlled or uncontrolled
motion)
5.2.8, 5.3.5,
5.3.8
e) mechanical strength
5.3.3, 5.3.5,
5.3.6, 5.3.7
- accumulation of energy inside the machine by:

f) elastic elements (springs), or
g) liquids or gases under pressure
4.2
4.10, 5.5.4
5.3.7
5.2.9, 5.4.6,
5.4.7
(to be continued)
17
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Table 2 List of significant hazards (continued)
No

hazardous events
EN ISO 12100
Part1:2003
Part 2:2003
Relevant
clauses of
this
document
1.1
Crushing hazard
5.3.4, 6.3
1.3
Cutting or severing hazard
5.3.3, 5.3.6,
5.3.7.1
1.4
Entanglement hazard
5.3.3, 5.3.7
1.5
Drawing in or trapping hazard
5.3.7
1.6
Impact hazard
5.3.5
4.2.1
2. Electrical hazards
2.1
Contact of persons with live parts 4.3

(direct contact)
4.9, 5.5.4
5.4.4
2.2
Contact of persons with parts which 4.3

have become live under faulty
conditions ( indirect contact)
4.9
5.4.4
4.2.2, 5
5.4.2
4. Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:

4.1
Hearing
loss
(deafness),
other 4.5
physiological disorders (loss of balance,
loss or awareness)
7. Hazards generated by materials and substances ( and their constituent)processed, or

used by the machinery:
7.1
Hazards from contact with or inhalation 4.8

of harmful fluids and dusts
4.3b, 4.4
5.4.3
7.2
2 Fire hazard
4.4
5.4.1
4.8
8. Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design as:

8.1
Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 4.9
4.7,
4.8.2, 5.2.2, 5.3.7
4.11.12,
5.5.5, 5.5.6
8.2
Hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy
4.8.3
4.9
5.3.6, 5.3.7
(to be continued)
18
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Table 2 List of significant hazards (concluded)
No

hazardous events
EN ISO 12100
Part1:2003
8.6
Human error, human behaviour
4.9
8.7
Design, location or identification of

manual controls
Hazard combination
Part 2:2003
Relevant
clauses of
this
document
4.8, 4.11.8, 5.2.6,

4.11.10,
5.3.3.6,
5.5.2, 6
5.3.4, 6.3
4.8.7, 4.11.8 5.2.2

4.11
5.2.6
10. Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed (or any similar malfunction) from
10.1
Failure/ disorder of the control system
4.11, 5.5.4
5.2.6, 5.2.9
10.2
Uncontrolled restoration of
supply after an interruption
4.11.4
5.2.8
10.3
External
influences
equipment
4.11.11
5.4.8,
Annex F
10.5
Errors in the software
4.11.7
Annex F
10.6
Errors made by the operator (due to 4.9

mismatch of machinery with human
characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
4.8, 4.11.8, 5.4.5, 5.4.10,

4.11.10,
6.3
5.5.2, 6
11
Impossibility of stopping the machine in

the best possible conditions
4.11.1,
5.2.4, 5.2.5
4.11.3, 5.5.2
12
Variation in the rotational speed of tools
4.2.2, 4.3
5.2.7
13
Failure of the power supply
4.11.1,
4.11.4
5.2.8
14
Failure of the control circuit
4.11, 5.5.4
5.2.9, 5.2.10
15
Errors of fitting
4.9
4.7, 6.5
6.3
16
Break-up during operation
4.2.2
4.3
5.3.2
17
Falling or ejected objects or fluids
4.2.2
4.3, 4.10
5.3.2, 5.3.3,
5.3.5,
18
Loss
of
machinery
5.2.6
5.3.1
on
energy
electrical
stability/overturning
of 4.2.2
19
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1
General
The machine shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of Clause 5.
NOTE 1
In addition, the machine should be designed in accordance with the requirements of the principles of
EN ISO 12100:2003 (parts 1 and 2) for hazards relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g.
sharp edges of the machine frame).
NOTE 2
For guidance in connection with risk reduction by design, see Clause 4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003, and for
safeguarding measures, see Clause 5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003.
5.2
Controls
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
Safety and reliability of control systems

General
For the purpose of this document, safety related part of a control system means the system from the initial
device, e.g. actuator or position detector or sensor up to and including the power control element of the final
machine actuator, e.g. motor or brake. Safety related parts of the control system of this machine comprise
parts concerning the following functions and they shall fulfil the requirements of the categories given below in
accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006:
for starting the rotation of the tool spindle: category 1 (see 5.2.3);
for normal stopping: category 1 (see 5.2.4);
for emergency stopping: category 1 (see 5.2.5);
for tool spindle, fence, adjustable table insert adjustments movements if power driven: category B
(see 5.2.8.1, 5.2.8.2);
for monitoring of tool spindle speed :category 1 or 2 (see 5.2.7);
for enabling power driven adjustments: category 1 (see 5.2.8.1, 5.2.8.2);
for interlocking: category 1 or 3 (see 5.2.7 and 5.3.7.2);
for interlocking with guard locking: category 1 or 3 (see 5.3.7.1.1 and 5.3.7.2);
for mode selection: category 1 (see 5.2.6);
for braking: category B, 1 or 2 (see 5.3.4.1);
for brake release: category B (see 5.3.4.2);
for workpiece clamping: category 1 (see 5.3.8).
Where more than one category is given, further information about the necessary type is specified in the
quoted clauses.
Where category B is required all categories fulfil the requirements, where category 1 is required categories 3
and 4 also fulfil the requirement. Where category 2 is required categories 3 and 4 also fulfil the requirement,
where category 3 is required category 4 also fulfils the requirement.
20
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
NOTE
6.3 of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 give useful information on combination of safety-related parts to the same or
different categories.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams and inspection of the machine.
5.2.1.2
Use of well-tried components and protective devices
5.2.1.2.1 Well-tried components

Components
are
considered
EN ISO 13849-1:2006 (see Annex D).
well
tried
if
they
comply
with
6.2.4
of
NOTE 1
Well-tried electrical components are listed in Table D.3 of EN ISO 13849-2:2003.
NOTE 2
faults etc.
EN 13849-2:2003 gives useful information on assessment of well-tried components, possible exclusion of
5.2.1.2.2 Protective devices
Protective devices shall be in accordance with the specific standards. For the devices listed below the
following requirements apply:
a) magnetic/proximity switches shall be in accordance with the requirements of 6.2 of EN 1088:1995 and
the related control system shall conform to category 3 in accordance with the requirements of
EN ISO 13849-1:2006;
b) a component failure shall not cause an unexpected movement (starting), a change of running
conditions during operation (adjustment of the speed or of a powered movement) and a failure of a
commanded stopping. Well known solutions such as monitoring, redundancy shall be used to achieve
category 3 in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
c) if a time delay is used it shall be either of fail safe technique e.g. of capacity type or shall conform to
the requirements of category 3 in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant
functional testing of the machine.
NOTE
For the components characteristics, confirmation from the components' manufacturers can be useful.
5.2.1.3
Use of electronic components
If electronic components are used the requirements given in Annex F shall be met.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine,
measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine.
5.2.2
Position of controls
The main electrical control actuators, for starting, normal stopping, emergency stop (if required - see 5.2.5),
spindle adjustment (if fitted - see 5.2.8), direction of rotation (if fitted - see 5.3.3.6) and mode selection (if
required - see 5.2.6) shall be located as follows:
For stationary and displaceable machines with or without a projecting sliding table and for machines with an
integral sliding table:
a)
at the operator's position(s) (see 6.3 k)) and
21
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
b) below the table located in a fixed position on the front side of the machine at a distance of at least 50 mm
from the table top and more than 600 mm above the floor (see Figure 7), or
c)
on the front side of a fixed control panel located as shown in shaded area of Figure 7:
1)
its front face is at a distance from the front edge of the table not exceeding 700 mm;
2)
its upper surface is at a distance from the floor level not exceeding 1 800 mm.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1
location band for controls
2
3
fixed control panel

control panel location area
Figure 7 Position of controls

Mechanical controls shall be reachable from the operator's position and not be located at the rear side of the
machine.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurements, inspection of the
machine and functional testing of the machine.
22
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.2.3
Starting
The control system shall be designed so that starting or restarting of the tool spindle shall only be possible if
all guard systems with interlocking functions as described in 5.3.7 are in place and functional. For non
interlocked guards, tool spindle and guides adjustments' provisions before starting see 6.3 k).
Start or restart shall only be possible by actuation of the start control device provided for that purpose.
If fitted with a power feed unit and/or a glass bead saw unit the following requirements apply: Starting of a
power feed unit shall only be possible when the tool spindle and saw blade of the glass bead saw unit are
running or when the tool spindle is running and the glass bead saw unit is retracted or dismounted.
If a glass bead saw unit and/or powered adjustment of the fence and/or adjustable table insert are provided,
starting of the saw blade of a glass bead saw unit and/or powered adjustment of the fence and/or adjustable
table insert, the requirements of 5.2.8, 5.3.3.4 and 5.3.6 apply.
For electrically operated machines the requirements of 9.2.5.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 apply but 9.2.4 of
EN 60204-1:2006 does not apply.
The safety related part of the control system for starting the rotation of the spindle shall conform to category 1
in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and
5.2.4
Normal stopping
A stop control shall be fitted where by the machine and if fitted - a demountable power feed unit and/or a
glass bead saw unit can be brought safely to a complete stop. The stopping action shall include disconnection
from energy supply of all actuators.
The normal stopping sequence shall be:
a) cut power to a socket, if provided, for the connection of a de-mountable power feed unit, to the spindle
positioning actuators, to the spindle drive motor and apply the brake (where fitted- see 5.3.4);
b) cut power to the brake, (if electrical brake is fitted), after the spindle has come to rest e.g. by using a time
delay in accordance with 5.2.1.2.2 c).
The machine shall stop directly from each speed.
If the machine is fitted with a spring operated mechanical brake, the normal stop control system shall conform
to category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006.
If the machine is fitted with any other type of brake e.g. electrical brake the normal stop control system shall
conform to category 1 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 (also see 5.3.4.1).
The safety related part of the control system for normal stopping shall conform to category 1 in accordance
with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Machines fitted with a side tenoning travelling table or a front extension table shall be provided with an
additional normal stop control if the machine is only fitted with a normal stop or an additional emergency stop
control if the machine is fitted with an emergency stop control, in both cases the device shall be located on the
travelling table or its support.
The design of the control circuits shall be such as to satisfy the normal stopping sequence. If a time delay
device is used the time delay shall be at least equal to the maximum braked run-down time. The time delay
shall be fixed or the time delay adjustment device shall be sealed.
23
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine, and functional
testing of the machine.
5.2.5
Emergency stop
Machines with more than one machine actuator shall be fitted with an emergency stop control. The
emergency stop control device shall be at any time of self latching type. When operated, the emergency stop
control shall disconnect power from all machine actuators except workpiece clamping and actuate the brake (if
provided - see 5.3.4) in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.5.4.2 of EN 60204-1:2006.
If the machine is fitted with a spring operated mechanical brake the emergency stop control system shall
conform to category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.5.4.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 and category 0 in
accordance with the requirements of 4.1.4 of EN ISO 13850:2006.
If the machine is fitted with any other type of brake e.g. electrical brake and/or a power operated clamping
device the emergency stop control system shall conform to category 1 in accordance with the requirements of
9.2.5.4.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 and category 1 in accordance with the requirements of 4.1.4 of EN ISO
13850:2006.
The emergency stop sequence shall be:
a)
cut power at the same time:
to the demountable power feed unit if provided e.g. by cutting power to the socket for the connection of a
demountable power feed unit;
to the spindle positioning actuators;
to the spindle drive motor;
and apply the brake (where fitted-see 5.3.4);
b) cut power to the brake, (if electrical brake is fitted), after the spindle has come to rest e.g. by using a time
delay in accordance with 5.2.1.2.2 c);
The emergency stop shall not cause the work-piece to become un-clamped unless the tenoning travelling
table is in the rest position or the spindle drive motor has come to a safe stop.
The safety related part of the control system for emergency stop shall conform to category 1 in accordance
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuits diagrams, inspection of the machine and
5.2.6
Mode selection
Where the machine is capable of being adjusted, either under manual or electronic pre-set control, a mode
selection switch in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.3 of EN 60204-1:2006 shall be provided to select
between manual and electronic pre-set modes or an initiation device (e.g. push button) shall be provided for
enabling the movements (see 5.2.8, 5.3.3.4 and 5.3.6).
The mode selection switch shall be in accordance with the following requirements:
a)
its control system shall override all other control systems except the emergency stop;
b)
it shall be lockable e.g.

1)
24
by a key-operated switch, or
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
2)
c)
via limited access to related numerically controlled functions by means of a password;
changing the mode shall not initiate any movement of the machine.
The safety related part of the control system for mode selection shall conform to category 1 in accordance
NOTE
See 9.2.3 of EN 60204-1:2006.
functional testing of the machines.
5.2.7
Speed changing
5.2.7.1
General
On machines with more than one spindle speed, the selected spindle speed shall be indicated at the work
station.
On machines with varying the tool spindle speed by changing the belts on the pulleys the control system for
tool spindle speed indication/detection shall conform to the following requirements:
be category 1 in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 if using electromechanical

means, or
if one sensor per belt position is used only one belt position shall be indicated/detected at any one time or
an error shall be indicated.
On machines fitted with a control device for infinitely varying the tool spindle speed (e.g. a static frequency
inverter) and/or stored speed values related to the selected tool the control device shall be such that the
actual speed shall not exceed the selected speed by more than 10 % (e.g. by means of an auxiliary electrical
circuit). The control system for speed changing shall conform to category 2 in accordance with the
requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006. The actual speed of the tool spindle shall be compared with the
selected speed continuously. The processor used for this purpose shall have an external watch dog function.
If the actual speed exceeds the selected speed by more than 10 % the tool spindle motor shall stop
automatically. This stop shall be of category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 602041:2006. In addition the following measures against loss or falsification of data shall be taken:
a) measures against loss of the data for tools and selected speed stored in the machine control if stored
data result in an automatic selection of the intended tool spindle speed:
1)
the safety related data for the machine tools shall be stored either in 2 independent memory
chips or stored two times in one single chip (one time inverse);
2)
after input of the safety related data for the tools the data shall be confirmed by the operator;
3)
the two data shall be compared automatically at each switching on of the isolator and at each
fetch of the data. If the two data are not identical it shall be impossible to start the spindle drive motor
or if running the spindle drive motor shall be stopped and a warning signal shall be given;
4)
for monitoring of failures the processor comparing the data shall have an external watch dog
function;
b)
measures against falsification in data transfer between manual control, data stored in the machine
control, display for the data and control of the inverter:
1) the selected tool spindle speed shall be stored in the control system for the speed change;
25
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
2) the selected tool spindle speed transmitted to the control of the inverter shall be read back and
monitored on the display for checking by the operator. In case where the speed signals differ the
start-up of the tool spindle shall be prevented.
The category for the control system for interlocking and for tool spindle speed indication/detection shall be in
accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 and at least:
1)
category 1 if by electromechanical means;
2)
category 3 if electronic components are used.
NOTE
Machines designed to be used with shank mounted tools with shank diameters not exceeding 20 mm can
-1
have a possible spindle speed exceeding 15 000 min .
relevant functional testing of the machine.
5.2.7.2
Speed limiting device for tenoning
Machines designed to be fitted with a travelling table for tenoning which are capable of tool spindle speeds in
-1
excess of 4 800 min , shall have a speed limiting device which will prevent the spindle rotating faster than 4
-1
800 min whilst tenoning with tooling of a greater diameter than 275 mm. This can be achieved by
interlocking the guarding system described in 5.3.7.1.4.2 with the tool spindle drive.
The category for the control system for interlocking and for speed limiting device shall be in accordance with
the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 and at least:
1)
category 1 if by electromechanical means;
2)
category 3 if electronic components are used.
5.2.8
5.2.8.1
Adjustments control
Power driven adjustments under hold-to-run control
For manual adjustments of spindle height and/or inclination the requirements of 5.3.3.4 apply.
For manual adjustments of fence the requirements of 5.3.6.2.2 apply.
For manual adjustments of the adjustable table insert the requirements of 5.3.6.1.2.2 apply.
Where the fence and/or the adjustable table insert and/or the tool spindle (rotating or not rotating) are capable
of power driven adjustments under hold-to-run control, these adjustments shall be effected, one movement at
a time, by means of a hold-to-run control device with a stop control in the vicinity taking account of basic
principles in of 4.11.8 b) of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 and the corresponding safety related part of the control
system for each movement speed shall conform to category B in accordance with the requirements of
-1
-1
EN ISO 13849-1:2006. The adjustment speed shall not exceed 10 mm s or 5 s .
The control system for initiating and stopping of any movement shall conform to category 1 in accordance with
the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and or circuit diagrams, measures, inspection of the machine
and functional testing of the machine.
26
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.2.8.2
Automatic power driven adjustments
Automatic power driven adjustments of:

1)
the tool spindle not rotating for inclination adjustment and/or
2)
the tool spindle rotating for vertical adjustment and/or
3)
the fence and/or
4)
the adjustable table insert
may be provided where:

a)
only two simultaneous movements at a time are possible;
b)
the maximum adjustment speed is 10 mm s or 5 s ;
-1
-1
c) any part of the machine which can touch the tool which ever the position of the later is (i.e. adjustable
table insert, fence plates table rings) are made of chipable material (e.g. wood, plastic or light alloy);
d) start of automatic adjustments is only possible after actuation of an initiation control device (e.g. push
button) the control circuit of which conforms at least to category 1 in accordance with the requirements of
EN ISO 13849-1:2006 in conjunction with a start control of the programmed cycle for all movements;
e) at the end of the programmed movement power is cut to the corresponding machine actuators. A time
delay device conforming to 5.2.1.2.2 c) may be used for cutting power with time delay corresponding to
maximum adjustment time. Either the time delay shall be fixed or the time delay adjustment device shall be
sealed. A new initiation shall be necessary to perform an additional adjustment;
f) power driven inclination adjustments is interlocked with the power supply for the spindle rotation and the
corresponding safety related part of the control system conforms at least to category 1 in accordance with the
requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and or circuit diagrams, measures, inspection of the machine
and functional testing of the machine.
5.2.9
Failure of the power supply
In the case of supply interruption for electrically driven machines, automatic restart after the restoration of the
supply voltage shall be prevented in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 1 to 3 of 7.5 of
EN 60204-1:2006.
functional test of the machine.
5.2.10 Failure of the control circuits
The requirements of Clause 6 of EN 1037:1995 apply and in addition:
The control circuits shall be designed so that a break in any circuit (e.g. broken wire, ruptured pipe or hose)
will not result in the loss of a safety function e.g. involuntary start of the machine, tool/saw blade unclamping
or loss of workpiece clamping (if fitted) in accordance with EN 60204-1:2006 and EN 983:1996.
Also see 5.2.1.
27
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
functional test of the machine.
5.3
Protection against mechanical hazards
5.3.1
Stability
Machines and auxiliary equipment shall be provided with a facility for fixing them to the floor, bench or other
stable structure e.g. by providing holes in the machine frame or the necessary fixing devices (see also 6.3 j)).
Displaceable machines fitted with wheels shall have the facilities to make them stable during cutting. Such
facilities are e.g.:
a) brakes for the wheels, or
b) a combination of wheels and stabilisers, or
c) a device to retract the wheels from the floor.
Displaceable machines shall be subject of the stability test.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings or inspection on the machine and performing the stability test
described in Annex C.
5.3.2
Hazard of break-up during operation
In order to minimise the probability of break-up during operation the requirements of 5.3.3 apply and to reduce
the effect of break-up during operation the requirement of 5.3.7.3 apply.
See also 6.3 f), h) and k).
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings.
5.3.3
5.3.3.1
Tool holder and tool design

Geometrical performance
The tool spindle shall be manufactured in accordance with G10 and G11 of ISO 7009:1983.
The tool spindle shall be designed so as to prevent mounting of cutter blades.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and measurement. For machines
designed to use shank mounted tools the measurement G10 and G11 of ISO 7009:1993 shall be performed
on the clamped shank of the shank mounted tool.
5.3.3.2
Strength
-2
The tool spindle shall be manufactured in steel with an ultimate tensile strength of at least 580 N mm .
The choice of the spindle speed shall meet the requirements of Annex A.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, tensile strength, measurement, inspection on the machine.
NOTE
28
For the ultimate tensile strength, confirmation from the manufacturer of the material can be useful.
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.3.3.3
Dimensions for spindles and tools
Tools shall comply to EN 847-1:2005 and /or EN 847-2:2001.

Acceptable dimensions for spindles and tools are given in Table 3.
Table 3 Spindle dimensions
Spindle diameter d
d1 g6
(see Annex A)
20
b
30
c
40
50
Maximum useable
Maximum tool
length
diameter
of spindle from the
(that can be mounted
shoulder l1
in the guard)
(see Annex A)
d2
Single
Removable Shaping
Tenoning
piece
spindle
spindle
80
80
150
160
140
140
250
300
180
160
250
350
220
160
275
400
a Values given for d1 = 20 mm are also valid for spindle diameters larger than
20 mm and smaller than 30 mm.
b Values given for d1 = 30 mm are also valid for spindle diameters larger than
c Values given for d1 = 40 mm are also valid for spindle diameters larger than
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and measurement.
5.3.3.4
Spindle adjustment
5.3.3.4.1 Manual height adjustment

For machines where the tool spindle is manually adjustable in height with the tool spindle rotating or not
rotating, the adjustment device shall be a self locking system. The machine shall be equipped with an
indicator to show incremental vertical movement of the spindle.
With the tool spindle set in a vertical position, and a force of 300 N applied vertically downwards on its
exposed end, the change in tool spindle height shall be less than 0,5 mm.
5.3.3.4.2 Manual inclination adjustment
Where the tool spindle is capable of being inclined with the tool spindle rotating or not rotating, the machine
shall be equipped with an indicator to show its degree of inclination. The adjustment device shall be self
locking.
With the tool spindle set in a vertical position, and a force of 300 N applied horizontally at its exposed end, the
inclination of the tool spindle shall not exceed 1.
29
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.3.3.5
Spindle locking
If it is necessary to hold the spindle stationary (e.g. for tool changing) a spindle locking device (e.g. blocking
bar or fork) shall be provided as follows:
a)
machines with a table bore diameter 190 mm shall have an integral locking device;
b)
machines with a table bore diameter < 190 mm shall have an integral or non integral locking device.
When a blocking device is used it shall prevent tool spindle rotation and shall not be deformed after starting
the spindle drive motor, with the blocking device in place.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurement, inspection of the machine and functional
5.3.3.6
Direction of rotation
When the machine is equipped with a tool spindle which is capable of rotating in only one direction the spindle
shall always rotate in an anticlockwise direction when viewed from the top.
Where tool spindles are designed to run in two directions of rotation the following requirements shall be met:
a)
a direction of rotation selection device shall be fitted. See 5.2.2 for the position of this device;
b) a visible warning device shall inform the machine operator when the clockwise direction of rotation is
selected;
c) the colour of the warning device shall be yellow. The visible warning device may be supplemented by an
audible one;
d)
operation of the direction of rotation selection device shall not initiate spindle start up;
e)
the direction of rotation selection device shall be either:

1)
a two position selector fitted with a blocking device such that:

i)
the normal position, without blocking, corresponds to the anticlockwise direction of
rotation;
ii)
the non-normal position, with blocking, corresponds to the clockwise direction of rotation;
iii) selection of the clockwise direction of rotation shall only be possible after manual override of
the blocking device;
iv) the direction of rotation selection device shall indicate the selected direction of rotation and be
consistent with it, or
2)
a three position selector, with a neutral position without a blocking device, such that only if the
machine has been started in the clockwise direction of rotation, as soon as it is switched off the
manual control actuator of the direction of rotation selection device returns automatically to its neutral
position. Any further selection of the direction of rotation shall require voluntary operation of the
selection device, or
3)
a combination of manually operated push buttons such that:

i)
30
the anticlockwise direction of rotation is started by the start button of the spindle drive motor;
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
ii) the clockwise direction of rotation is started by the start button of the spindle drive motor
together with an initiation control device (e.g. push button) which is also positioned so that for starting
the spindle drive motor both hands are necessary.
See also 6.3 k 4 ii).
5.3.3.7
Spindle rings
The machine shall be equipped with a set of spindle rings having a minimum wall thickness of 9,75 mm and a
tolerance of H7 on their internal diameter d1. The spindle rings shall be capable of covering the whole useable
length of the spindle. Tool spindles designed only for use shank mounted tools need not to be equipped with a
set of spindle rings.
-2
Spindle rings shall be manufactured from steel having an ultimate tensile strength of at least 580 N mm .
The spindle ring set shall be subjected to a camming test. The camming shall not exceed 0,1 mm, when
measured on the test disc at a diameter of 100 mm with the spindle ring set assembled using the same torque
as for tool mounting (see Figure 8).
The permissible deviation of the run-out of the test disc shall not exceed 0,01 mm.
Key
1
dial gauge
Figure 8 Spindle ring set, camming test configuration
Verification: By checking the relevant drawing, measurements (see Figure 8) and inspection of the machine.
NOTE
For the steel tensile strength confirmation from the steel component manufacturer can be useful.
31
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.3.3.8
Tool fixing device
5.3.3.8.1 Tool spindle

The tool spindle for bore mounted tools shall be fitted with a tool fixing device which shall prevent relative
movements between the ring and the spindle (see Figure 9) e.g.:
a)
a lock-nut with an integral spindle ring (see Figure 9 a));
b)
a spindle screw with an integral spindle ring;
c) a spindle screw with a separate spindle ring designed so that clamping is not possible without this ring
(see Figure 9 b)).
For machines designed to use shank mounted tools the clamping unit shall provide a minimum clamping
length in accordance with Table 3 of EN 847-2:2001.
The system for shank clamping shall be capable of clamping shanks with different diameters, e.g. by changing
the clamping inserts (see Figure 9 c) and 9 d)).
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and inspection of the machine.
Figure 9 a) Example of spindle nut
Figure 9 b) Example of spindle screw
32
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Figure 9 c) Example of spindle for shank mounted tool
Figure 9 d) Clamping insert (collet) for shank mounted tool

Figure 9 Examples of tool fixing devices
33
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.3.3.8.2 Glass bead saw blade

Two saw flanges (or in the case of flush mounted saw blade, a single flange) shall be provided for the saw
spindle. The diameter of all flanges shall be at least D/6 (where D = the diameter of the largest saw blade for
which the machine is designed).
For flanges other than those for flush mounted saw blade the clamping surface at the outside part of the
flanges shall be flat over a width of at least 5 mm and be recessed to the centre (see Figure 10). Both outside
diameters shall be within a tolerance of 1 mm. In addition there shall be a positive connection either
between the saw blade and the rear flange fixed to the saw spindle or between the front flange and the saw
spindle, e.g. a key.
Figure 10 Saw flange detail

Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and functional testing of
the machine.
5.3.4
5.3.4.1
Braking
General
An automatic brake shall be provided for the tool spindle where the un-braked run-down time exceeds 10 s.
The braked rundown time shall not exceed 10 s or where the run-up time exceeds 10 s it shall not exceed the
run-up time and in no case exceed 20 s.
Where a mechanical brake is fitted, the last paragraph of 9.3.4 of EN 60204-1:2006 does not apply and the
following requirements shall be met:
a) it shall not be possible to release the brake during the spindle run-down time (e.g. by a time delay
between control actuation and brake release);
b)
the mechanical brake life and performance data shall be given. (See 6.3 q)).
For electrical braking systems, reverse current injection braking shall not be used.
34
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
The safety related part of the control system for braking shall conform to category 1 in accordance with the
requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Where electric braking systems containing electronic components are used, the control system for braking
shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of category 2 of EN ISO 13849-1:2006. The control
system shall be effective also in case of overload and shall be tested automatically periodically, e.g. by
monitoring the braked run down time and/or by monitoring the braking current circuit during starting (short
braking).
The test shall:
1)
be independent from the basic control system for braking;
2)
be independent from the intention of the operator;
3)
be performed at least once within every 8 h of machine running.
A negative test shall be indicated. Where the test is negative more than three times in sequence, it shall not
be possible to operate the machine.
As an exception to 5.2.1, a simple electronic brake (not using PLC's) designed in category B in accordance
with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 is acceptable if the probability of a failure in high demand
-6 -1
mode (PFH) is less than 3 10 h .
For calculating the probability of a failure in high demand mode (PFH) for a simple electronic brake
component with no fault tolerance and no testing capability (category B) the procedure described in Annex D
of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 shall be used.
When the inverter is used also to control the braking function, this function shall be guaranteed even in case
of overload.
Verification: For the determination of un-braked run-down time, run-up time and braked run-down time, if
relevant, see the appropriate tests given in Annex E.
5.3.4.2
Brake release
Where a control is provided to release the spindle brake in order to enable rotation by hand and adjustment of
the tool, release of the brake shall only be possible when the spindle has stopped turning (e.g. by a time delay
between control actuation and brake release).
It shall not be possible to start the machine before the control for the spindle brake has been reset. Reset of
the control for brake shall not initiate a start-up of the machine.
The safety related part of the control system for brake release shall conform to category B in accordance with
the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and functional testing of the
machine.
5.3.5
Devices to minimise the possibility or the effect of kickback
Provision shall be made for the fixing (e.g. fixing holes or T slots) of anti-kickback devices (e.g. adjustable
end stops) to the fence plates or the extension table (see 5.3.9). T slots shall be parallel to the direction of
feed and fixing holes shall not exceed 12 mm in diameter.
For fixing the extension table to the machine table, fixing holes shall be provided on both sides of the table.
35
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
When fitted with a glass bead saw unit (see Figure 5), the machine shall be equipped with:
a) a bead ledge separator. It shall be manufactured from steel with an ultimate tensile strength of
-2
580 N mm or of a comparable material, have flat sides (within 0,1 mm per 100 mm) and shall have a
thickness less than the width of cut (kerf) and at least 0,2mm greater than the saw blade plate (see Figure 11);
b)
a device to guide the bead ledge, for example a guiding channel (see Figure 5);
c)
a pressure pad located between the saw blade and the anti kick-back finger (see Figure 5);
d) a device to avoid or minimise the risk of kick-back of the bead ledge, for example an anti-kickback finger
(see Figure 5). If an anti-kickback finger is fitted it shall be designed in accordance with the following
requirements:
1)
it shall be located after the glass bead saw-blade in the direction of the feed;
2) it shall be made from steel with an ultimate tensile strength of 350 N mm

material;
-2
or of a comparable
3) it shall have a lower tip with a maximum radius of 0,5 mm;

4) the angle of the tip shall be between 30 and 60 (see Figure 13);
5) it shall be effective over the full cutting height capacity of the glass bed saw unit. Effective
o
o
operation shall be between 85 and 55 , this angle being measured between a line from the tip to the
axis of pivot of the fingers and the horizontal (see Figure 13);
o
6) a mechanical stop shall be provided to prevent the anti-kickback finger moving beyond the 85 point
(see Figure 13).
Key
e
bead ledge separator thickness
B
b
width of cut
width of saw-blade
Figure 11 Bead ledge separator thickness in relation to saw-blade dimensions
36
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
anti-kickback finger in front of the saw-blade

bead ledge separator
bead ledge
guiding channel for bead ledge
workpiece
pressure pad
feed direction
Figure 12 Example of anti-kickback finger and guiding channel
37
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1 anti-kickback finger
2
mechanical end stop
Figure 13 Example of anti-kickback finger
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurement and inspection of the machine.
5.3.6
5.3.6.1
Work-piece supports and guides

Table
5.3.6.1.1 Table dimensions

The table dimensions shall vary in accordance with Table 4 for the table bore diameter (see Figure 14).
The table shall not be tiltable.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurement and inspection of the machine.
38
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
table bore
Figure 14 Definition of table dimensions
Table 4 Size of table and table rings

Table bore diameter
Minimum table length (A min)
B
c
C 100
b
200
Ranges of internal diameter
for table rings
190
600
250 < B A/2
350
65 to 75
105 to 115
145 to 160
> 190
1 000
450 < B A/2
350
65 to 75
145 to 160
105 to 115
200 to 225
a For machines fitted with removable spindle.

b For machines with front sliding table.
c Dimension C extends from the spindle axis to the front edge of the fixed table, or, if provided, to the front
edge of an integral sliding table level with the fixed table.
5.3.6.1.2 Safeguarding the space between table and tool spindle

5.3.6.1.2.1
Table rings
Where the table is equipped with a set of table rings for bore diameter 300 mm their internal diameters shall
be as shown in Table 4 (see Figure 15).
39
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
table
Figure 15 Table rings

For table bore diameters greater than 300 mm, a fifth table ring shall be provided.
5.3.6.1.2.2
Table insert
Where the table is equipped with an adjustable table insert (see Figure 16) the following requirements shall be
met:
a)
the side of the adjustable table insert closer to the tool shall be of chipable material e.g. light alloy;
b) the side of the adjustable table insert closer to the tool shall be profiled to allow, when completely
retracted, the use of the profiling tool with the greatest diameter + 5 mm for which the machine is designed. In
the advance position the distance between the adjustable table insert and the axis of the spindle shall
be 50 mm;
c) where adjustment of adjustable table insert and/or fence is automatic, the hazards of shearing or crushing
between the adjustable table insert and the fence shall be prevented e.g. by setting the fence before adjusting
the table insert (see 5.2.8.2 d) and e));
d) hazards of crushing or shearing between table or adjustable table insert and workpiece when feeding the
workpiece shall be minimised in any adjustable table insert position e.g. by setting the table insert before
feeding. The side of the adjustable table insert closer to the operator position shall be lined with soft material
like rubber with hardness between 60 Sh and 70 Sh.
40
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
2
adjustable table insert

table insert chipable part
Figure 16 Example of adjustable table insert

NOTE 1
For power driven adjustment of adjustable table insert under hold-to-run control see 5.2.8.1.
NOTE 2
For automatic power driven adjustment of adjustable table insert see 5.2.8.2.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and functional
5.3.6.2
Work-piece guiding for straight work
5.3.6.2.1 Fence plate dimensions

In order to ensure vertical stability of the work-piece, the machine shall be equipped with fence plates which:
a)
b)
have a minimum height of:

1)
120 mm for table bore diameters less than or equal to 190 mm;
2)
150 mm for table bore diameters greater than 190 mm.
have either a minimum length for each plate of:

1)
300 mm for table bore diameters less than or equal to 190 mm;
2)
450 mm for table bore diameters greater than 190 mm, or
41
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
c)
have a minimum length for both plates which is at least equal to the table length;
d)
satisfy the geometrical requirements given in G4 of ISO 7009:1983.

NOTE Further devices for guiding the work-piece are described in 5.3.7.1.2.1.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and measurement and performing
test G4 of ISO 7009:1983.
5.3.6.2.2 Fence adjustment
The fence assembly shall be capable of being fixed to the table and shall be adjustable in order to take
account of the tool diameter and the position of the spindle.
When adjustments lateral (or transverse) to the feed direction are provided, the fence plates shall remain
integral with their supports.
The lateral adjustment of the fence plates shall allow any opening for the tool to be reduced to a minimum.
The fence plates shall either be fitted with a device to ensure continuity between them, or shall be equipped
with fixing arrangements which permit such a device (e.g. a false fence) to be fitted.
A fine adjustment control for transverse movement of one of the fences with respect to the other shall be
provided.
When moved using this control, the moveable fence plate shall remain parallel to the fixed fence plate and the
method for its re-alignment shall be described (see 6.3).
The part of the fence plate which can come in contact with the tool shall be made of light alloy, plastic, wood
or wood based material.
All adjustments, except those to fix and adjust the device for ensuring continuity between the fence plates,
shall be capable of being made without the aid of a tool.
Where power driven adjustment of the fence under hold-to-run control is provided the requirements of 5.2.8.1
shall be met.
Where automatic power driven adjustment of the fence is provided the requirements of 5.2.8.2 shall be met.
The adjustment device shall be self locking.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurement, inspection of the
5.3.6.2.3 Work-piece guiding for curved work
A work-piece guiding device suitable for curved work shall be provided (see Figure 17). This shall be either:
a)
guiding steady (ring guide):

1)
the shape or adjustment of which shall allow for progressive penetration of the tool into the workpiece;
42
2)
that shall support and guide the work-piece during machining;
3)
that shall have the tangential point where the depth of cut is measured clearly marked;
4)
that shall be rigid such that the test shown in Annex B is passed;
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5)
the adjustment range of which shall take account of all possible positions of the tool with respect
to the table;
6)
b)
that after adjustment shall remain parallel to the table within 0,5 mm over a length of 100 mm, or
a lead-in device which allows the use of a ball ring guide which:
1)
allows progressive feed of the work-piece to the tool;
2) where the machine has two directions of spindle rotation, shall be designed to allow for its use
whichever direction of rotation is selected;
3) where the guard supporting device is designed to allow for the fixing of a guiding steady, and the
lead-in device is also capable of being fixed to the supporting device, then the lead-in device shall be
capable of being moved out of position whilst remaining integral with the work-piece guiding device to
allow for the use of the guiding steady.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurements, inspection of the machine, performing the test
described in Annex B and functional testing of the machine.
Key
1
2
3
4
guiding steady (ring guide)

lead-in device
ball ring guide
hand protector
Figure 17 Examples of curved work guiding devices
43
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.3.7
5.3.7.1
Prevention of access to moving parts

Guarding of tools on hand fed machines
5.3.7.1.1 Safeguarding under the table

Access to the tool from below the table shall be prevented by a fixed guard or moveable guard interlocked
with the tool spindle drive motor (also see 5.3.7.3). Where the tool spindle run down time exceeds 10 s, the
moveable guard shall be interlocked with guard locking.
The safety related part of the control system for interlocking and/or interlocking with guard locking shall
conform to category 1 in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawing and circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and functional
5.3.7.1.2 Safeguarding for straight work
5.3.7.1.2.1
Safeguarding the cutting area
The requirements of 5.3.6.2.2 shall be taken into account and in addition:

Fence and table pressure devices (pressure pads) shall be provided to keep the work-piece in contact with the
table and the fence plates (see Figure 18) and to prevent access to the tool (including shank mounted tool if
fitted).
Key
1
fence pressure pad
table pressure pad
Figure 18 Example of pressure devices
44
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
The pressure pads shall fulfil the following requirements:

a) the table pressure pad shall be adjustable in height relative to the table and horizontally towards and
away from the fence. All adjustments shall be capable of being carried out without the aid of a tool;
b) the fence and table pressure pads shall, over the whole adjustment range, be symmetrically arranged
with respect to the spindle. The work-piece guiding surface of the fence pressure pad shall be parallel with the
fence plates and the work-piece guiding surface of the table pressure pad shall be parallel with the table within
a tolerance of 10 mm over any 100 mm length;
c) the table pressure pad support shall be provided with a device which prevents the pressure pad and/or its
support falling by gravity onto the tool during adjustment;
d)
the pressure pads shall be spring loaded to allow for limited variation in work-piece thickness;
e) the length of the table pressure pad shoe shall be greater than the maximum opening between the fence
plates and shall allow the work-piece to contact the pressure pad before it contacts the tool;
f) the fence pressure pad shall have a height at least equal to the minimum height required for the fence
plates in accordance with 5.3.6;
g) the pressure pad support system shall be so designed that it is possible to move the pressure pads from
their working position to a position which will allow for tool changing or the use of a de-mountable power feed
unit, without removing them from the machine. The support system, pressure pads and supports shall be
mechanically locked in place when in the non working position;
h)
the pressure pad support system shall be rigid;
i) the support system for the pressure pads shall not be fixed to the table between the fence plate and the
front edge of the table;
j) the pressure pad shoes shall be able to press a work-piece with a minimum section of 8 mm by 8 mm in
the vertical and horizontal directions over the whole length given in 5.3.7.1.2.1 e);
k) the material from which the table pressure pad shoes are made shall be wood, light alloy or plastic. The
fence pressure pad shoe shall be made of wood, wood based material, light alloy or plastic. The fixing
components (e.g. screws) for the fence pressure pad shoe shall be made from a material which is easily
machined (e.g. brass);
l)
the vertical adjustment range of the fence pressure pad shall be such that:
1) when adjusted to its lowest position the underside of the pressure pad shoe shall be on the table
surface;
2) when adjusted to its highest position the top surface of the pressure pad shoe shall be at least at the
same height as the top of the useable length of the spindle when the spindle is adjusted to its highest
position;
m) the horizontal adjustment range of the fence pressure pad shall cover a distance of at least 160 mm from
the spindle axis;
n)
the design of the pressure pad shoes shall be such that a difference of at least 10 mm is maintained
between the contact point with the work-piece and either the table or the fence pressure pad shoes;
o)
where the fence pressure pad can be set at an angle to the fence plate in order to allow for work-piece
feed during stopped work, this angle shall not be greater than 30. Means shall be provided to reset and
fix the fence pressure pad in position parallel to the fence plate;
45
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
p)
the vertical adjustment of the table pressure pad shall be such that it is possible to machine work-pieces
of a height of at least:
1)
160 mm on machines with a table bore diameter up to 190 mm;
2)
250 mm on machines with a table bore diameter greater than 190 mm.
For machines fitted with a glass bead saw unit see 5.3.7.1.5.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurement, inspection of the machine, performing the
rigidity test of Annex B and functional testing of the machine.
5.3.7.1.2.2
Safeguarding the non-cutting area
Access to the tool (including shank mounted tool if fitted) at the rear of the fence plates shall be prevented by
means of a fixed guard attached to the fence support. The guard shall accommodate the largest diameter tool
for which the machine was designed in accordance with Table 3 at all possible spindle heights. It shall not be
possible to mount a larger tool in the guard. (Also see 5.3.3.3.)
The guard shall allow for tool changing (e.g. by means of a non-interlocked hinged cover which is capable of
being locked in the closed position during normal operation).
It shall not be possible to reach the tool through any gap between the guard and the fence plates.
machine.
5.3.7.1.3 Safeguarding for curved work
Access to the tool shall be prevented by an adjustable guard (see Figure 16) which can be fixed in position
relative to the table and fulfils the following requirements (see also 5.3.7.1.6):
a)
it shall be possible of adjustment without the aid of a tool;
b)
it shall encompass the largest tool for which the steady or ball ring guide is designed;
c)
the adjustment range shall include all possible tool positions in respect to the table;
d)
it shall be fitted with the supporting system for the work-piece guiding device required in 5.3.6.2.3;
e) it shall be fitted with an adjustable hand protector to prevent access to the non cutting part of the tool from
the front;
f)
it shall support the chip exhaust outlet (also see 5.4.3.1);
g)
it shall be rigid.
The hand protector shall be in accordance with the following requirements:

1) it shall be adjustable in height from the table surface up to the lower edge of the front part of the
adjustable guard when the largest shank mounted tool and/or the largest tool according to Table 3 for
which the machine is designed is mounted;
46
2)
after adjustment it shall remain parallel to the table within 0,5 mm over a length of 100 mm;
3)
the adjustment shall be possible without the aid of a tool.
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
The hand protector may also allow for pressure on the work-piece during machining.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurements, inspection of the machine, performing the
rigidity test in Annex B and functional testing of the machine.
5.3.7.1.4 Safeguarding for tenoning
5.3.7.1.4.1
General
If the machine is fitted with tenoning or front travelling table(s) it shall be equipped with a device to maintain
the travelling table(s) in position.
5.3.7.1.4.2
Safeguarding the cutting area
Access to the tool, at least from the front side shall be prevented by adjustable guards mounted on the
travelling table which prevent access to the tool from the side of the work-piece (see Figure 6 c), key 19) and
by an adjustable guard (see Figure 6 c), key 16) or a self adjusting guard (see Figure 6 d)) both mounted on
the fixed guard described in 5.3.7.1.4.3. Guards mounted on the guard described in 5.3.7.1.4.3 shall be
transparent (e.g. made of polycarbonate (PC)) and it shall be possible to observe the process through it while
machining.
The guards shall fulfil the requirements of 5.3.7.3 c).
machine.
5.3.7.1.4.3
Safeguarding the non-cutting area
Access to the tool from above shall be prevented by a fixed guard mounted on the fixed table (see key 9 in
Figure 6 c)). This guard shall be in accordance with the following requirements:
a)
it shall be horizontally adjustable at right angles to the direction of feed;
b) it shall encompass the largest tool according to Table 3 for which the machine is designed at all possible
spindle heights;
c)
it shall not be possible to mount a larger tool in the guard;
d) it shall be fitted with adjustable sections which prevent access to the tool from above and side(s) of the
work-piece (see Figure 6 c) key 16);
e)
tool changing shall be possible without removing it;
f)
all adjustments shall be possible without the aid of a tool.
machine.
5.3.7.1.5 Safeguarding the glass bead saw blade
On machines fitted with a glass bead saw unit, access to the saw blade shall be prevented by a fixed guard
with the exception of the maximum cutting area of the saw blade. This requirement can be met e.g. by the use
of the extraction hood designed such that the safety distances of EN 294:1992 are met.
47
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
In addition a self adjusting guard shall prevent at least, when in lowest position, the direct horizontal access in
a direction perpendicular to the saw blade plane.
5.3.7.1.6 Safe guarding when using shank mounted tools
Access to shank mounted tools shall be prevented either by guards for straight work or curved work.
When using shank mounted tools during straight work the requirements of 5.3.6.2.2 and 5.3.7.1.2 shall be
fulfilled and in addition:
a) the fence plates shall be adjustable in the direction perpendicular to feed direction in order to be
positioned at the rear of the tool axis (viewed from the operator's position) when spindle is in vertical position;
b) the hinged cover of the guard required in 5.3.7.1.2.2, attached to the fence support, shall be adjustable
independently from the fence plates in order to cover the shank mounted tool axis when spindle is in vertical
position and fence plates in any position.
When using shank mounted tools during curved work, the requirements of 5.3.7.1.3 shall be fulfilled.
5.3.7.2
Guarding of drives
Access to the drive mechanism (to tool spindles, feed etc.) shall be prevented by either a fixed guard or a
movable guard interlocked with the spindle drive motor in accordance with Annex N of EN 1088:1995. These
guards shall be designed such that safety distances in EN 294:1992 are met.
Where the rundown time exceeds 10 s and it is possible to gain access to the tool with the guard open, the
guard shall be fitted with guard locking in accordance with 5.3.7.1.1.
On machines where speed change is achieved by changing the position of the drive belts on the drive pulleys
that part of the guarding system which has to be opened for changing the drive belts position shall be
interlocked with the spindle drive motor.
The safety related part of the control system (also see 5.2.1) for interlocking and/or interlocking with guard
locking function shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 and at least:
a)
category 1 if the control circuits are hardwired;
b)
category 3 if the control circuits include electronic components.
5.3.7.3
Characteristics of guards
The tool guard(s) shall be manufactured from one of the following materials:
-2
a)
steel with an ultimate tensile strength of at least 350 N mm and a wall thickness of at least 1,5 mm;
b)
light alloy with an ultimate tensile strength of at least 185 N mm and a wall thickness of at least 3 mm;
48
-2
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
c) polycarbonate with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm or other plastic material having an impact/strength
equal to or better than that of polycarbonate of at least 3 mm thickness;
d)
cast iron with an ultimate tensile strength of at least 200 N mm
-2
and a wall thickness of at least 5 mm.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, tensile strength, measurement and inspection of the machine.
NOTE
5.3.8
For the ultimate tensile strength, confirmation from the manufacturer of the material can be useful.
Workpiece clamping device
For tenoning, the travelling table shall be fitted with a work-piece clamping device (e.g. Figure 6 c), key 15).
Where powered clamping is provided crushing hazards shall be prevented by:
a) two stage clamping with a maximum clamping force at the clamping device of 50 N for the first stage,
followed by full clamping force actuated by a manual control, or
b) reduction of the clamp/work-piece gap to 6 mm or less by a manually adjustable device and stroke
limitation to a maximum of 10 mm, or
c)
-1
limitation of the clamp closing speed to 10 mm sec or less, or
d) guarding of the clamp by a guard fixed to the clamping device to reduce the gap between the work-piece
and the guard to less than 6 mm. The maximum extension of the clamp outside the guard shall not be more
than 6 mm.
The category of the control circuits for the monitoring of the first stage clamping force (see 5.3.8 a)) and the
limitation of the clamp closing speed (see 5.3.8 c)) shall be at least category 1 in accordance with the
requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 (see 5.2.1).
The clamping force shall be at least 700 N over the whole range of adjustment of the clamping device.
In the case of machines incorporating pneumatic clamping of the work-piece, provision shall be made to
maintain the pneumatic pressure in the event of a failure in the pneumatic power supply e.g. by the use of a
non-return valve.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine,
measurement and functional testing of the machine.
5.3.9
Safety appliances
Means to fix adjustable end stops to prevent kickback, described in the instruction handbook, shall conform to
the requirements of 5.3.5. The anti-kickback device shall not deflect more than 2 mm under a static force of
300 N applied in the direction of kickback.
The position of the anti-kickback device shall be continuously adjustable on both sides of the spindle up to a
distance equal to twice the fence plate length.
Fixing points shall be provided for any additional safety appliances such as extension tables with end stops
fence pressure pads for high work-pieces etc. (see 6.3 k)).
A push stick and a push block handle shall be provided for use on all machines. An adjustable end stop, an
extension table, a workpiece holding device for stopped work (see Figure 19) on small workpiece and a false
fence shall be made available on all machines.
49
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Figure 19 Example of workpiece holding device for stopped work

A socket shall be provided for the connection of a de-mountable power feed unit on machines with a table
bore diameter greater than 190 mm. The electrical connection of this socket shall be such that actuation of the
control device for normal stopping and/or the emergency stop control will also cut power to the socket (see
6.3 k)).
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurements, inspection of the
5.4
Protection against non-mechanical hazards
5.4.1
Fire
To minimise fire risk the requirements in 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 shall be met.
For avoiding sparks as a result of contact between the tools and table insert see 5.3.6.1.2.2, fence plates see
5.3.6.2.2 and pressure pad see 5.3.7.1.2.1.
machine.
5.4.2
5.4.2.1
Noise
Noise reduction at the design stage
When designing machinery the information and technical measures to control noise at source given in
EN ISO 11688-1:1998 and EN ISO 11688-1:1998/AC:1998 shall be taken into account. Also the information
given in EN ISO 11688-2:2000 may be taken into account.
The most relevant noise sources are the rotating tools.
5.4.2.2
Noise emission measurement
Operating conditions for noise measurement shall comply with Annex D of ISO 7960:1995.
Mounting and operating conditions of the machine shall be identical for the determination of emission sound
pressure levels at the work station and the sound power level.
50
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
For machines where Annex D of ISO 7960:1995 is not applicable e.g. for different spindle speeds and tool
diameters the detailed operating conditions used shall be given in the test report.
Emission sound power levels shall be measured in accordance with the enveloping surface measuring
method shown in EN ISO 3746:1995 with the following modifications:
a)
the environmental indicator K2A shall be equal to or less than 4 dB;
b) the difference between the background sound pressure level and the machine sound pressure level at
each measuring point shall be equal to or greater than 6 dB. The correction formula for this difference (see 8.2
of EN ISO 3746:1995) shall apply up to a difference of 10 dB;
c)
only the parallelepiped measurement surface shall be used at 1,0 m from the reference surface;
d) where the distance from the machine to an auxiliary unit is less than 2,0 m the auxiliary unit shall be
included in the reference surface;
e)
the measuring time requirement in 7.5.3 of EN ISO 3746:1995 referring to 30 s shall be excluded;
f)
the accuracy of the test method shall be better than 3 dB;
g)
the number of microphone positions shall be 9 in accordance with Annex D of ISO 7960:1995.
Alternatively, where the facilities exist and the measurement method applies to the machine type, emission
sound power levels may also be measured according to a method with higher precision i.e.
EN ISO 3743-1:1995, EN ISO 3743-2:1996, EN ISO 3744:1995 and EN ISO 3745:2003 without the preceding
modifications.
For determination of emission sound power level by the sound intensity method, use EN ISO 9614-1:1995,
(subject to agreement between the supplier and the purchaser).
Emission sound pressure level at the workstation shall be measured in accordance with EN ISO 11202:1995
and EN ISO 11202:1995/AC:1997 with the following modifications:
1) the environmental indicator K2A and the local environmental factor K3A shall be equal to or less than
4 dB;
2) the difference between the background emission sound pressure level and the workstation sound
pressure level shall be equal to or greater than 6 dB;
3) the correction of the local environmental factor K3A shall be calculated in accordance with Annex A.2
of EN ISO 11204:1995 and EN ISO 11204:1995/AC:1997 with the reference restricted to EN ISO
3746:1995 instead of the method given in Annex A of EN ISO 11202:1995 and EN ISO
11202:1995/AC:1997, or in accordance with EN ISO 3743-1:1995, EN ISO 3743-2:1996, EN ISO
3744:1995 or EN ISO 3745:2003 where one of these standards has been used as the measuring method.
For noise declaration 6.3 v) shall be met.
5.4.3
Emission of chips and dust
Provision shall be made for the extraction of dust and chips from the machine either by an integral dust
extraction and collection system or by providing outlets to enable the machine to the connected to the user's
dust extraction system.
The guarding systems for straight work, for tenoning, for curved work and for the glass bead saw unit shall
incorporate a dust extraction outlet.
A dust extraction outlet shall be provided below the table for machines with a table bore over 190 mm.
51
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
If the machine has two directions of spindle rotation, the chip and dust extraction shall be so designed that it
has the same efficiency irrespective of the direction of rotation.
It shall be impossible to reach the tool through any dust extraction outlet when the exhaust system is not
connected.
To ensure that the dust extracted from the point of origin is conveyed to the dust collection system, the design
-1
of hoods, ducts and baffles etc. shall be based on a conveying velocity of extracted air of 20 m s for dry
-1
chips and 28 m s for wet chips (moisture content 18 % or above).
5.4.4
Electricity
The requirements of EN 60204-1:2006 apply unless otherwise stated in this document. In particular see
Clause 6 of EN 60204-1:2006, for the requirements regarding prevention of electric shock and Clause 7 of
EN 60204-1:2006 for requirements regarding protection against short circuit and over loading.
The minimum degree of protection of all electric components shall be IP 54 in accordance with
EN 60529:1991.
In particular the following requirements of EN 60204-1:2006 shall be fulfilled:
a)
Clause 7 for protection of equipment;
b)
Clause 8 for equipotential bonding;
c)
Clause 12 for conductors and cables;
d)
Clause 13 for wiring practices;
e)
Clause 14 for electrical motors and associated equipment.
Electrical enclosures shall not be exposed to risk from the ejection of tools and work-pieces. Live parts shall
not be accessible in accordance with 6.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006. Fire risk is not present where power circuit(s)
are protected against over current in accordance with 7.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006.
In accordance with 18.1 of EN 60204-1:2006 the test for the continuity of the protective bonding circuit and
functional tests apply.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, circuits diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant
continuity of protective bonding circuit and functional tests (specified in 18.2 and 18.6 of EN 60204-1:2006).
NOTE
5.4.5
Ergonomics and handling
The requirements of 5.2.2 for position of controls, 6.3, EN 614-1:2006, EN 1005-3:2002 apply and in addition:
The height of the work-piece support shall be between 750 mm and 950 mm above the floor level.
The machine and its controls shall be designed according to ergonomic principles in accordance with
EN 1005-4:2005 for work posture which is not fatiguing.
The positioning, labelling and illumination (if necessary) of control devices, and facilities for materials and tool
set handling shall be in accordance with ergonomic principles in accordance with EN 894-1:1997,
EN 894-2:1997, EN 894-3:2000 and EN 1005-1:2001, EN 1005-2:2003, EN 1005-3:2002.
52
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Where necessary on the machine, work stations and the zones in which control devices, guards and
protective devices are located shall be lit sufficiently to ensure that all work equipment and materials can be
properly seen, and that eye strain is also avoided in accordance with the requirements of EN 1837:1999.
Parts of the machine which weigh more than 25 kg and require to be lifted with a lifting device shall include
necessary attachments to accommodate the fitting of a lifting device in accordance with EN 1005-2:2003.
Tanks containing hydraulic fluid, compressed air drainers and oilers shall be placed or oriented in such a way
that the filler and drain pipes can be easily reached.
NOTE
Further guidance is given in EN 60204-1:2006, EN 614-1:2006 and EN 614-2:2002.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurements and inspection of the
machine.
5.4.6
Pneumatics
The requirements of EN 983:1996 shall apply.

See 5.2.1, 5.2.8, 5.2.9, 5.3.8 and 5.4.10.
5.4.7
Hydraulics
The requirements of EN 982:1996 shall apply.

See 5.2.1, 5.2.8, 5.2.9 and 5.3.8.
5.4.8
Electromagnetic compatibility
The machine shall have sufficient immunity to electromagnetic disturbances to enable it to operate correctly in
accordance with EN 60439-1:1999, EN 50370-1:2005 and EN 50370-2:2003.
NOTE
Machines which incorporate CE-marked electrical components and where such components and cabling are
installed in accordance with their respective manufacturers instructions, are generally considered to be protected against
external electromagnetic interference.
For control systems with electronic components see Annex F.

5.4.9
Errors of fitting
It shall not be possible to fit a tool of greater diameter than the largest tool for which the machine is designed.
Also see 6.3 k 2i).
5.4.10 Supply disconnecting devices
The requirements of Clause 5 of EN 1037:1995 shall apply and in addition:
The principles of 3.8 and 5.5.4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 shall be observed.
The electrical isolation shall be in accordance with 5.3 of EN 60204-1:2006.
53
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Isolation of pneumatics can be achieved through disconnecting a quick action coupling in accordance with
EN 983:1996 which does not need to be locked when pneumatic energy is used only for clamping devices.
In all other cases a valve shall be provided with a means permitting it to be locked in the OFF position (e.g. by
padlock).
If the machine is fitted with a DC injection braking system, the electrical supply disconnecting device shall be:
a) equipped with a blocking device. It shall only be possible to switch off the electrical supply disconnecting
device after manually overriding the blocking device; or
b)
not situated on the same side of the machine as the stop control(s).
5.4.11 Maintenance
The principles of 4.15 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 shall be observed and in addition the information for
maintenance listed in 6.5.1 e) of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 shall be provided.
Where lubrication points are provided they shall be located outside of the tool guarding and accessible by the
operator when standing on the floor.
Where residual pneumatic energy is stored, e.g. in a reservoir or pipe, means for dumping residual pressure
shall be provided, e.g. by using a valve. Dumping pressure shall not be by disconnection of a pipe.
Also see 6.3.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, handbook, inspection of the machine and functional testing of
the machine.
6
6.1
Information for use

Warning devices
The principles of Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003, EN 847-1:2005 shall be observed and in addition:
If the machine is equipped with a pneumatic/hydraulic supply and isolation of the pneumatic/hydraulic energy
is not achieved by the electrical isolation a permanent warning label shall be placed in proximity to the
electrical supply disconnection device, warning that the pneumatic/hydraulic supply is not isolated by isolation
of the electrical supply.
A visible warning device shall inform the machine operator when the clockwise direction of rotation is selected.
The warnings shall either be in the language of the country in which the machine is to be used or wherever
possible by using pictograms.
6.2
Marking
The principles of 6.4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 shall be observed and in addition:
54
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
The following information shall be marked legibly and indelibly throughout the expected life of the machine,
either directly on the machine e.g. by engraving, etching or by using labels or plates permanently fixed to the
machine e.g. by riveting or stickers:
a)
name and address of the machine manufacturer;
b)
year of construction;
c)
designation of series or type;
d)
machine identification or serial number (if any);
e) a diagram giving the optimum speed corresponding to a particular tool diameter and cutting speed (e.g.
see Figure 20). It shall be clearly visible to the operator when changing the spindle speed. This information
shall, where relevant, indicate the speed at each position of the control device or pulley diameter;
f) rating information (mandatory for electro-technical products :voltage, frequency, power, in accordance
with 16.4 of EN 60204-1:2006);
g) where fitted with a hydraulic and/or pneumatic system with nominal pressure for the hydraulic and/or
pneumatic circuits;
h) where fitted with hydraulic and/or pneumatic isolators they shall have their function, location and
operational position(s) clearly identified e.g. by a label or a pictogram;
i) where fitted with a glass bead saw unit with the maximum diameter and direction of rotation of the saw
blade.
55
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
hazard bad machining conditions
2
3
D
n
bursting hazard
recommended spindle speed
tool diameter
tool spindle speed
Figure 20 Example of a spindle speed chart

The labels or pictograms for marking the nominal pressure and the isolators shall be fitted in a position in
close proximity to the installed location of the isolator on the machine.
The warnings shall either be in the language of the country in which the machine is to be used or wherever
possible by using pictograms.
If graphical symbols related to the operation of actuators are used, they shall be in accordance with Table 6 of
EN 61310-1:1995.
If the machine is equipped with scales, the requirements of EN 894-2:1997 shall apply.
56
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
6.3
Instruction handbook
The principles of 6.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 shall be observed and in addition the instruction handbook shall
include at least:
a) a repetition of the markings, pictograms and other instructions on the machine as described in 6.1 and 6.2
and, if necessary, information about their meaning;
b)
intended use of the machine;
c)
the maximum length, width and thickness of the work-piece;
d)
instruction for safe use in accordance with 6.5.1 d) of EN ISO 12100-2:2003;
e)
a description of the range, type and dimensions of tools which are suitable for the machine;
f)
that only tools conforming to EN 847-1:2005 and EN 847-2:2001 and marked MAN shall be used in order
to reduce severity of injuries and kickback speed;
g)
all the additional safety appliances and optional equipment that can be fitted;
h)
information that the relationship between the tool diameter, the cutting length and the maximum rotational
speed of the spindle is important. This is determined from the graphs or formulae shown in Annex A;
NOTE 1
Examples may be given for the most common cutting lengths and tool diameter.
i)
where necessary on stationary machines, requirements for the need to fix the machine to the floor and
how this is to be done;
j)
on displaceable machines information how transportation shall be handled and how to make the machine
stable during machining;
k)
information that operators are adequately trained in the use, adjustment and operation of the machine
including the correct use, connection instruction for a demountable power feed unit and positions to be
taken by the operator. This includes in particular:
1)
for training:
i) the principles of machine setting and operation including the correct use and adjustment of workpiece holding and guiding devices, guards and tool selection;
ii)
the safe handling of the work-piece when cutting;
iii)
the correct use and adjustment of safety appliances such as jigs, templates, extension tables
and end stops;
iv) the use of personal protective equipment for ear and eye protection;
2)
before machine setting to:

i) ensure that the tools used are sharp, selected, maintained and adjusted in accordance with the
tool manufacturers instructions;
ii)
use table rings or table insert to close the gap between the table and the spindle to a minimum;
iii)
use special equipment for setting e.g. gauges where practicable;
iv) take care when handling tools;
57
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
v) ensure that when using a demountable power feed unit it is plugged into the socket provided for
that purpose on the machine;
3)
for work-piece guiding the use of:

i)
a fence;
ii)
a false fence wherever possible to minimise the gap between the cutter(s) and the fence plates;
iii) a push block or push stick to aid hand feeding or wherever possible a de-mountable power feed
unit;
iv) roller or extension tables to support long work-pieces;
4)
before machining to:

i) fit the tooling to the machine to operate in the correct direction of rotation and to feed the workpiece to the tools against the direction of spindle rotation;
ii)
ensure that the selected rotational speed is appropriate for the tooling being used;
iii)
select and adjust the guard;
iv) because of the wide variety of work which can be undertaken on vertical spindle moulding
machines no one type of safeguard can be considered effective for all conditions. Each
operation should be considered separately and the best practicable safeguard selected. The
type of tool, cutting edge projection and the height at which the tool is set, will determine the
minimum size of the hole in the table:
I)
for straight work: In order to prevent access to the tool during straight work it is necessary to
use in conjunction with the fence either a de-mountable power feed unit or fence and table
pressure pads equipped with special shoes depending upon the work-piece dimensions;
II)
stopped work : In order to prevent access to the tool during stopped work it is necessary to
use in conjunction with the fence, table and fence pressure pads equipped with special
shoes depending upon the work-piece dimensions;
III) in order to prevent kickback it is necessary to use back and/or front end stops fixed to the
fence, table or fixed to an extension table;
IV) unless the work-piece is large enough to provide a safe and adequate hand hold, the use of
a jig is recommended;
V)
for curved work: In addition to the use of a guiding steady (lead in device) and in conjunction
with the adjustable guard (hand protector) a template is useful to prevent access to the tool;
VI) for bevel cutting: In addition to the use of the fence and de-mountable power feed unit or
pressure pads, it is important to ensure firm support of the work-piece by using a special jig
or adjustable canting fence in order to prevent access to the tool;
VII) for tenoning: In order to feed the work-piece safely passed the tool during tenoning it is
necessary to use the travelling table and enclosure provided by the manufacturer;
l)
instruction that adequate general or localised lighting shall be provided;
m) instruction that the cutting speed except for shank mounted tools shall be preferably selected according to
-1
the diagram given in Figure 20 (e.g. shall exceed 40 m s in order to reduce the risk of kickback but shall
-1
not exceed 70 m s in order to reduce the risk of tool damage);
58
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
n)
information that during indoor use the machine shall be connected to an external chip and dust extraction
system;
NOTE 2 External chip and dust extraction equipment with fixed installations are dealt with in EN 12779:2004.
o)
information regarding the dust extraction equipment fitted to the machine as follows:
3
-1
1) the airflow in m h ;
2) the pressure drop at each connection outlet at the recommended conveying air velocity;
-1
3) the recommended conveying air velocity in the duct in m s ;

4) the cross section dimensions and details of each dust extraction outlet.
p)
instruction that dust extraction equipment to be switched on before commencing machining;
q)
installation and maintenance requirements including the mechanical brake life and performance data and
the list of those devices which shall be verified, how frequently the verification shall be carried out and by
what method. This shall include at least the following:
1)
emergency stop(s)
- by functional test;
2)
interlocked guards by opening each guard in turn to stop the machine
and by proving the inability to start the machine with each guard in the open position;
3)
the brake
within the specified time;
by functional testing to check that the machine is braked
4)
interlocked guards with guard locking
the guard as long the tool is rotating;
by proving an inability to open
r)
information on how to perform maintenance and that whenever possible maintenance shall be only done
if the machine is isolated from all energy sources to prevent involuntary restart;
s)
information that before changing any tool, the machine shall be isolated or disconnected from its electrical
power supply;
t)
information about safe cleaning;
u)
if fitted with a hydraulic or a pneumatic system the method for the safe dissipation of residual energy (see
5.4.10);
v) information concerning airborne noise emissions by the machinery, either the actual value or a value
established on the basis of measurements made on identical machinery, measured in accordance with the
methods given in 5.4.2.2:
A-weighted emission sound pressure levels at workstations.
A-weighted sound power level emitted by the machinery.

The declaration shall be accompanied by a statement of the measuring method used and the operating
conditions applied during the test and values for associated uncertainty K using the dual-number form of
declaration in accordance with EN ISO 4871:1996 as follows:
4 dB when using EN ISO 3746:1995 and EN ISO 11202:1995;
2 dB when using EN ISO 3743-1:1995, EN ISO 3743-2:1996 or EN ISO 3744:1995;
59
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
1 dB when using EN ISO 3745:2003.

For example, for a sound power level
LWA = 93 dB (measured value)

Associated uncertainty K = 4 dB
Measured made in accordance with EN ISO 3746:1995
If a verification of the declared noise emission values is required, it shall be conducted by using the same
mounting, installation and operating conditions as those used for the initial determination of noise emission
values.
The noise declaration shall be accompanied by the following statement:
"The figures quoted are emission levels and are not necessarily safe working levels. Whilst there is a
correlation between the emission and exposure levels, this cannot be used reliably to determine whether
or not further precautions are required. Factors that influence the actual level of exposure of the workforce include the characteristics of the work room, the other sources of noise etc., i.e. the number of
machines and other adjacent processes. Also the permissible exposure level can vary from country to
country. This information, however, will enable the user of the machine to make a better evaluation of the
hazard and risk".
Verification: By checking the instruction handbook and the relevant drawings.
60
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Determination of maximum tool spindle speeds
Determination of spindle speed

The maximum safe spindle speed will depend on:
a)
the spindle diameter;
b)
the useable length of the spindle;
c)
the length of cut;
d)
the tool cutting diameter.
Key
G thread length
d1 spindle diameter
d2 tool cutting diameter
b
l1
length of cut
maximum useable length of spindle
Figure A.1 Definition of tool spindle dimensions
61
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
The following charts may be used to determine the maximum spindle speed for various tool cutting diameters
given the values of d, l and b.
Where different spindle diameters from those shown in Table 3 are used, the maximum spindle speed can be
calculated using the following equations:
NOTE 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, N, B and lB are separate relations used to ease calculation.
n=
4
2
x10 3 min
-1
where
4 =
0
2
+1
3
with
3 =
1x 2
d2
3
d
1
10
0 = 44,0073
2
(l + G )
d
1 = K 1
d2
1
d
1 1
d2
2 l 3
N b B
2 =
d 2 d 2
N = (1 + B ) +
x103
0,5
(1 + B )2
0,5
lB

d
2
2
2
d1
K0
3 4 b
+ 1
+
=
(d 2 )2 16 9 d 2 d 2
3K 0
B=
d2
l B l
1
b
= 0,5 +
d2
d2
l
b
0,512
b

Spindle E
62
: Steel modulus
= 210 000 N mm
: Steel density
= 7, 85 kg dm
-3
-2
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Tool
: Steel body K
= 30, 6618
: Light alloy body K = 52, 2819
Figure A.2 Speed chart for tool spindles with a diameter (d1) of 30 mm and a useable length (l1) of
140 mm
63
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
160 mm
64
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
160 mm
65
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex B
(normative)
Rigidity test for pressure pads, hand protectors and guiding steadies
B.1 Pressure pads

B.1.1 Fence pressure pads
Figures B.1 to B.3 show the points of application and the directions of forces A, B, C, D and F to be applied to
the fence pressure pad under test together with the position of the measuring point.
Key
1
measuring and force application point
machine table
Figure B.1 Definition of fence pressure pad deflection measuring point and directions of application
of test forces (horizontal view)
66
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
spindle
Figure B.2 Definition of fence pressure pad deflection measuring point and directions of application
of test forces (vertical view)
Figure B.3 Application of fence test force F and measurement of displacement f (vertical view )
67
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
B.1.2 Table pressure pads

Figures B.4 and B.5 show the points of application and the directions of forces G and H to be applied to the
table pressure pad under test, together with the position of the measuring points.
Key
1
2
measuring force application point

machine table
Figure B.4 Definition of table pressure pad deflection measuring points and directions of
application of test forces (horizontal view)
Key
1
spindle
Figure B.5 Definition of table pressure pad deflection measuring points and directions of
application of test forces (vertical view)
68
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
B.1.3 Measuring equipment

The following measuring equipment is required in order to perform the tests described in this annex:
a)
a spring balance with a maximum capacity of 500 N and an accuracy of 1 % of the nominal value;
b)
a dial gauge with a maximum capacity of 50 mm and an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
B.1.4 Test and test requirements

Whatever the spindle diameter, a test force of 100 N applied as described in B.1.1 and B.1.2 shall not result in
a displacement f exceeding the values shown in Table B.1.
Table B.1 Fence and table pressure pad displacement requirements
Force direction
Displacement
A and C
B and D
G and H
F
mm
a = c =7
b = d = 12
g=h=7
f=5
B.1.5 Measuring conditions

Pressure pads shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and under the conditions
shown in B.1.1 and B.1.2. The free play due to the direction of force inversion shall be eliminated.
B.2 Adjustable guard (Hand protector) and guiding steady

B.2.1 Adjustable guard
Figure B.6 shows the point of application and the direction of forces A, B, D and F to be applied to the
adjustable guard under test together with the position of the measuring point.
Force F is applied to the adjustable guard towards the spindle axis.
Test shall be performed in the position of the safeguarding equipment where the displacement is the greatest.
69
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
spindle axis
Figure B.6 Definition of the adjustable guard deflection measuring points and directions of
application of test forces
Table B.2 Adjustable guard deflection requirements
Force
direction
A
B
D
F
a
Force
(F)
N
50
50
50
50
Maximum displacement
(including clearance)
mm
3
3
6
a
3
6 mm under F = 100 N
B.2.2 Guiding steady

Figure B.7 show the point of application and the direction of the forces A, B, C and F to be applied to the
guiding steady under test together with the position of the measuring point.
Force F is applied to the guiding steady towards the spindle axis.
The test shall be performed in the position of the safeguarding equipment where the displacement is the
greatest.
70
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Key
1
spindle axis
Figure B.7 Definition of guiding steady deflection measuring points and directions of application of
test forces
Table B.3 Guiding steady deflection requirements
Force
direction
A
B
C
F
Force
(F)
N
100
100
100
100
Maximum displacement
(including clearance)
mm
2
2
7
0,5
71
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
B.2.3 Measuring equipment

See B.1.3.
B.2.4 Test
When forces are applied as described in B.2.1 and B.2.2 no displacement exceeding the values given in
Table B.2 respectively Table B.3 shall occur whatever the spindle diameter.
There shall be no permanent distortion of the adjustable guard or guiding steady following the test. Adjustable
guard and guiding steady shall not rotate around any horizontal axis.
B.2.5 Measuring conditions

Adjustable guards and guiding steadies shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
and the conditions shown in B.2.1 and B.2.2.
72
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex C
(normative)
Stability test for displaceable machines
The machine shall be set in its working position on chipboard fixed on the floor and the brakes applied (where
fitted). Optional devices with influence on the stability (e.g. de-mountable power feed unit) have to be fitted to
the machine. A horizontal force F1 = 500 N shall be applied in the middle of the front face of the table in the
direction as shown in Figure C.1.
Subsequently a horizontal force F2 = 500 N shall be applied at the middle of the lateral face of the table in the
direction as shown in Figure C.1.
In both cases the machine shall not move or tilt.
Figure C.1 Stability test for displaceable machines
73
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex D
(informative)
Use of well tried components
In particular the requirements of the following relevant standards should be applied when considering safety
related parts to be well-tried in accordance with the requirements of 6.2.4 of EN ISO 13849-1:2006:
a) for electrical components (see also Tables D.1 to D.17 of EN ISO 13849-2:2003):
1) EN 60947-5-1:2004 (section 3) for control switches with positive opening operation used as
mechanically actuated position detectors for interlocking of guards and for relays used in auxiliary
circuits;
2) EN 60947-4-1:2001 for electromechanical contractors and motor starters used in mains circuits;
3) HD 22.1 S4:2002 for rubber insulated cables;
4) HD 21.1 S4:2002 for polyvinyl chloride cables if these cables are additionally protected against
mechanical damage by positioning (e.g. inside frames).
b) Electrical control circuits if they also are in accordance with the first four measures listed in 9.4.2.1 of
EN 60204-1:2006 (see also Tables D.1 and D.2 of EN ISO 13849-2:2003);
c) mechanical components if, for example they operate in the positive mode in accordance with the
description given in 4.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003;
d) mechanically actuated position detectors for guards if they are actuated in the positive mode and their
arrangement/fastening and the cam design/mounting complies with 5.2 and 5.3 of EN 1088:1995 (see
also Tables A.1 to A.5 of EN ISO 13849-2:2003);
e) interlocking devices with guard locking if they are of conditional unlocking type in accordance with
Annex M of EN 1088:1995;
f) pneumatic and hydraulic components and systems if they comply with EN 983:1996 and EN 982:1996
respectively (see also Tables B.1 to B.18 and Tables C.1 to C.12 of EN ISO 13849-2:2003).
For all components exposed to environmental conditions, e.g. dust and/or gases, these conditions shall be
taken into account.
NOTE EN ISO 13849-2:2003 gives useful information on the assessment of well-tried components, possible
exclusion of faults etc.
74
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex E
(normative)
Brake tests
E.1 Conditions for all tests

a) the spindle unit shall be set in accordance with the intended use of the machine in accordance with the
requirements of the manufacturers instructions (e.g. belt tension) (also see 6.3);
b) when selecting the speed and the tools, conditions shall be chosen which create the greatest kinetic
energy for which the machine is designed (the selection to take into account tool sizes, types, spindle speed
etc.);
c)
before beginning the test the spindle unit shall be running for at least 15 min at no load (idle speed);
d)
verify that the actual spindle speed is within 10 % of the intended speed.
E.2 Tests
E.2.1 Un-braked run-down time
The un-braked run-down time shall be measured as follows;
a)
cut power to the spindle drive motor and measure the un-braked run-down time;
b)
re-start the spindle drive motor and allow it to reach the intended speed;
c)
repeat steps a) to b) twice more.
The un-braked run-down time is the average of the three measurements taken.
E.2.2 Run-up time

The run up-time shall be measured as follows:
a)
cut power to the spindle drive motor and allow the spindle to come to a complete stop;
b)
re-start the spindle drive motor and measure the run-up time;
c)
repeat steps a) to b) twice more.
The run up-time is the average of the three measurements taken.
E.2.3 Braked run-down time

The braked run-down time shall be measured as follows:
a)
initiate the brake and measure the time until the spindle comes to a complete stop;
b)
allow the spindle to remain stationary for 1 min;
75
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
c)
restart the spindle drive motor and run at no load for 1 min;
d)
repeat steps a) to c) nine times.
The braked run-down time is the average of the ten measurements taken.
76
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex F
(normative)
Use of electronic components
F.1
General
For the implementation of any safety related function with electronic equipment the appropriate requirements
of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 shall apply.
The design of SRECS shall be such as to achieve the machine safety functions required in this document on
base of the categories. Depending on the safety specifications, the safety functions shall be achieved in
category 2, 3 or 4 in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006.
SRECS shall be designed to be capable to fulfil the highest category in accordance with the requirements of
EN ISO 13849-1:2006 required for the corresponding machine safety function.
On machines designed for different modes of operation the control system shall meet the safety requirements
for the machine safety functions for each mode of operation.
Unless SRECS being part of a component for which a special standard exists they shall fulfil the
environmental requirements in accordance with the requirements of 6.1 and 6.2 of EN 50178:1997.
Unless SRECS to category 2 being part of a component for which a special standard exists they shall fulfil the
EMC requirements for type 2 in accordance with the requirements of EN 61496-1:2004. Unless SRECS to
category 3 or 4 being part of a component for which a special standard exists they shall fulfil the EMC
requirements for type 4 according to EN 61496-1:2004.
NOTE 1
Also see 5.4.11 for the EMC requirements of the complete machine.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant
functional testing on the machine.
NOTE 2
F.2
F.2.1
For the components characteristics confirmation from the components' manufacturers can be useful.
SRECS
Components, hardware
SRECS hardware components (including sensors, actuators, PLCs, CNC systems, logic solvers etc.) shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of the relevant standards and EN ISO 138491:2006.
SRECS hardware components (including sensors, actuators, PLCs, CNC systems, logic solvers etc.) shall be
selected, assembled, combined and installed in accordance with the requirements of the technical instruction
(including application and installation instructions) of the components manufacturer.
A PLC fulfilling category 3 or 4 in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 may be used in
control systems for the implementation of the safety functions listed in 5.2.1.
77
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
NOTE 1
If a PLC is used, note that the overall response time could change in a defined range. The reaction time
caused by the PLC depends mainly on the cycle time of the program. To consider the worst case it may be necessary to
calculate with the double cycle time if no alarms or interrupts are used for faster switch off.
A PLC not fulfilling category 3 or 4 in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2006 may only be
a part of a SRECS up to category 3 e.g. as one channel of a dual channel system.
Verification: Verification shall be carried out against the specification(s) by checking relevant drawings and/or
circuit diagrams, calculation and inspection of the machine.
NOTE 2
F.2.2
F.2.2.1
Safety related software

Embedded software
SRECS embedded software shall be in accordance with Clause 6 and Clause 7 of EN 61508-3:2001.
Access to the embedded software of standard components shall not be possible.
Verification: Verification has to be carried out against the specification(s) by checking relevant drawings
and/or circuit diagrams, calculation and inspection of the machine.
NOTE
F.2.2.2
For the embedded software, confirmation from the components' manufacturers can be useful.
Application software
Programming of the SRECS shall fulfil the instructions (technical manual) of the components manufacturer.
The safety related software shall be clearly separated from the functional software to avoid inadvertent
alteration of the safety related software.
It shall only be possible for authorised persons to modify the software of the SRECS. Where access to
programmable functions at the numerical control or SRECS is provided during production and/or setting mode
(e.g. for workpiece support, speed setting), unauthorised access to programmed data or programmable
functions shall be prevented. In particular it shall not be possible for the user to suspend the operation of
safety functions (e.g. ESPE using AOPD) by means of sequences inserted in or called up by the application
programme. This may be achieved in the form of a password.
Clauses 6 and 7 of EN 61508-3:2001 or as far as applicable 6.11.3 of EN 62061:2005 shall be taken into
account for the application software development.
NOTE 1
These requirements for application software may be achieved by use of techniques such as defensive
programming, structured programming, modularity (i.e. logic/function blocks, sequence diagrams etc.), re-use of software
modules that satisfy the above requirements, depending of the programming tool available with the SRECS.
NOTE 2
Application of pre-certified software modules (e.g. emergency stop) can be very useful, if available.
Verification: Verification has to be carried out against the specification(s) by checking relevant drawings and/or
circuit diagrams, calculation and inspection of the machine.
78
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
F.2.2.3
Validation
A SRECS shall be validated to ensure that the specified machine safety function performance is achieved.
This validation shall show that all parts interact correct to perform the safety function and that unintended
functions do not occur.
Validation of the SRECS shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-2:2003, i.e. by
checking the relevant drawings and/or diagrams, flow charts, simulation of faults, inspection, measurement
and relevant functional testing on the machine.
NOTE
Validation includes the use of testing and analysis techniques (e.g. static, dynamic or failure analysis). These
analysis techniques may be used to reduce the number of test cases.
79
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of UE Directive 98/37/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of
the New Approach Machinery Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard (except Annex F) confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
Table ZA Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC

Clause(s)/subclause(s)
this EN
Requirements Qualifying
of Essential
(ERs) of Directive 98/37/EC
remarks/notes
1.1.2
Principle
integration
5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5,

5.2.6, 5.2.7, 5.2.8, 5.4.10, 6.3
80
of
safety
a) fitted for its function
Clauses 5 and 6
b) eliminate,
inform
give
measures,
Clauses 5 and 6
c) use
5.4.5
d) ergonomics
5.4.5, 6.3
e) constraint in use
5.3.1, 5.3.9, 6.3
f) equipment
5.3.2, 5.3.7.3, 5.4.3
1.1.3 Materials and products
6.3
1.1.4 Lighting
5.2.2, 5.3.7, 5.4.5
1.1.5 Design of machinery to

facilitate its handling
5.2.1, 5.2.6, 5.2.7, 5.2.8, 5.2.10,

5.4.8
1.2.1 Safety and reliability of

control systems
5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5, 5.2.6,

5.2.7, 5.2.8, 6.3
1.2.2 Control devices
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.6, 5.2.7, 5.2.8
1.2.3 Starting
5.2.2, 5.2.4, 5.2.5, 5.2.8
1.2.4 Stopping device (normal

stopping emergency stop
complex installations)
5.2.6, 5.2.7, 5.2.8, 6.3
1.2.5 Mode selection
5.2.9, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.10
1.2.6 Failure of power supply
5.2.1, 5.2.10, 5.4.8, 5.4.10
1.2.7 Failure of control circuit
Annex F
1.2.8 Software
5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5, 5.2.6, 5.2.7,

5.2.8, 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4,
5.3.5, 5.3.6, 5.3.7, 5.3.8, 6.1,
6.2, 6.3
1.3 Protection against mechanical

hazards
5.3.1
1.3.1 Stability
5.3.2, 6.3
1.3.2 Risk of break-up during

operation
5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.5
1.3.3 Risks due to falling or

ejected objects
5.1
1.3.4 Risk due to surfaces, edges

or angles
5.2.6, 5.2.8, 5.3.7
1.3.7 Prevention of risks related

to moving parts
5.3.7
1.3.8 Choice of protection against

risks related to moving parts (A
moving transmission parts B
moving parts directly involved in
the process
5.3.7.3
1.4.1 Required characteristics of

guards and protective devices
5.3.7
1.4.2 Special requirements for

guards
5.2.9, 5.4.4, 5.4.10
1.5.1 Electricity supply
5.2.9, 5.4.6, 5.4.7
1.5.3 Energy supply other than

electricity
5.4.9
1.5.4 Errors of fitting
81
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
5.4.1
1.5.6 Fire
5.4.2
1.5.8 Noise
5.4.8
1.5.11 External radiation
5.4.3
1.5.13 Emission of dust, gases

etc.
5.4.11
1.6.1 Machinery maintenance
5.2.2, 5.3.7, 5.4.11
1.6.2 Access to operating position

and servicing
5.4.10
1.6.3 Isolation of energy sources
5.2.2, 5.3.7, 5.4.5, 5.4.11, 6.3
1.6.4 Operator intervention
5.4.3, 6.3
1.6.5 Cleaning of internal parts
5.2.1, 5.3.3, 5.4.5, 6.3
1.7.0 Information devices
6.1
1.7.1 Warning devices
6.2
1.7.3 Marking
6.3
1.7.4 instructions
2.3 Machinery for working wood
and analogous materials
a) guiding
5.3.6, 5.3.7
b) ejection
5.3.5
c) brake
5.3.4
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
82
EN 848-1:2007 (E)
Bibliography
[1]
EN 614-1:2006, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and

general principles
[2]
EN 614-2:2000, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 2: Interactions between

the design of machinery and work tasks
[3]
EN 847-3:2004, Tools for woodworking Safety requirements Part 3: Clamping devices
[4]
EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery Principles for risk assessment
[5]
EN 60745-1:2006, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools Safety Part 1: General requirements

(IEC 60745-1:2006, modified)
[6]
EN 60745-2-17:2003, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools Safety Part 2-17: Particular

requirements for routers and trimmers (IEC 60745-2-17:2003, modified)
[7]
EN 60947-4-1:2001, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 4-1: Contactors and motors
starters Electromechanical contactors and motor starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2000)
[8]
EN 60947-5-1:2004, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 5-1: Control circuits devices and
switching elements Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003)
[9]
EN 61029-1:2000, Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools Part 1: General

requirements (IEC 61029-1:1990, modified)
[10]
EN 61029-2-8:2003, Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools Part 2: Particular

requirements for single spindle vertical moulders (IEC 61029-2-8 1995 + A1:1999 + A2:2001 modified)
[11]
EN 61508-1:2001, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related

systems Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61508-1:1998 + Corrigendum 1999)
[12]

systems Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related
systems (IEC 61508-2:2000)
[13]

systems Part 4: Definitions and abbreviations (IEC 61508-4:1998 + Corrigendum 1999)
[14]
EN 12779:2004, Safety of woodworking machines Chip and dust extraction systems with fixed
installation Safety related performance and safety requirements
[15]
EN ISO 11688-2:2000, Acoustics Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery
and equipment Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low noise design (ISO/TR 11688-2:1998)
[16]
HD 21.1 S4:2002, Cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V and having thermoplastic
insulation Part 1: General requirements
[17]
HD 22.1 S4:2002, Cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V and having cross-linked
insulation Part 1: General requirements
[18]
ISO 286-2:1988, ISO system of limits and fits Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit
deviations for holes and shafts
83
BS EN
848-1:2007
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Licensed Copy: Gilbert Athens, University of Birmingham, 07/06/2008 00:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

The European Standard EN 848-1:2007 has the status of a

This British Standard was

ISBN 978 0 580 50423 5

Amendments issued since publication

Safety of woodworking machines - One side moulding machines

Sicherheit von Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen Frsmaschinen fr einseitige Bearbeitung mit drehendem

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 January 2007.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

Ref. No. EN 848-1:2007: E

Normative references ............................................................................................................................6

Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................9

List of significant hazards ..................................................................................................................17

Safety requirements and/or measures ..............................................................................................20

Information for use ..............................................................................................................................54

Annex A (normative) Determination of maximum tool spindle speeds ......................................................61

This document does not apply to:

machines equipped with outboard bearings;

Terms and definitions

Figure 1 Example of straight work

Figure 2 Example of curved work

Figure 3 Example of workpiece with tenon/slot

end stop to prevent kickback

Figure 4 Example of stopped straight work

glass bead saw-blade

guiding channel for glass bead ledge

9 automatic guard for glass bead saw blade

Figure 5 Example of glass bead recovery unit

Manufacturer means manufacturer of the system.

For example the operating system of a speed monitoring device.

For example the PLC program to run a machine.

Table 1 Main components of single spindle vertical moulding machines

List of significant hazards

Table 2 List of significant hazards

Hazards, hazardous situations and

Mechanical hazards related to

c) mass and stability (potential energy

d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of

- accumulation of energy inside the machine by:

Table 2 List of significant hazards (continued)

Hazards, hazardous situations and

Cutting or severing hazard

Drawing in or trapping hazard

Contact of persons with live parts 4.3

Contact of persons with parts which 4.3

4. Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:

7. Hazards generated by materials and substances ( and their constituent)processed, or

Hazards from contact with or inhalation 4.8

8. Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design as:

Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 4.9

Hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy

Table 2 List of significant hazards (concluded)

Hazards, hazardous situations and

Human error, human behaviour

Design, location or identification of

4.8, 4.11.8, 5.2.6,

4.8.7, 4.11.8 5.2.2

Failure/ disorder of the control system

Errors in the software

Errors made by the operator (due to 4.9

4.8, 4.11.8, 5.4.5, 5.4.10,