God is the eternal being who created and preserves all things, is the Father of all creation

visible and invisible. Christian teachings of the existence of a good God, a God who is love.
God and his love for humanity is not created of the same substance as the universe but that
God's divine Nature was united to human nature in the person of Jesus Christ, in an event
known as the Incarnation.
Based on early Christian views of God (before the gospels were written) are reflected in
Apostle Paul's statement in 1 Corinthians (8:5-6), written AD 53-54, i.e., about twenty
years after the crucifixion of Jesus:
For us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live;
and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom
we live.
On the other hand, there are several conceptions of God in monotheist, pantheist, and
panentheist religions or of the supreme deity in henotheistic religions can extend to various
levels of abstraction:
"As a powerful, human-like, supernatural being, or as the deification of an esoteric,
mystical or philosophical entity or category; as the Ultimate, the summum bonum, the
Absolute Infinite, the Transcendent, or Existence or Being itself. As the ground of
being, the monistic substrate, that which we cannot understand; and so on."
In fact, the first recordings that survive of monotheistic conceptions of God, borne out of
henotheism and (mostly in Eastern religions) monism, are from the Hellenistic period. Of
the many objects and entities that religions and other belief systems across the ages have
labelled as divine, the one criterion they share is their acknowledgement as divine by a
group or groups of human beings.

Time Expressions in the Present Perfect

Use since with a specific year or a period in the past > since 2002 / since I was a
child

Use for with a number of years > for twenty years

Use ever and yet in questions and negatives > Have you ever / hasnt been yet

Use already and never, just between have/has and the verb > has already
finished / have just been

Use before, since, for, already, many times, so far, yet at the end of a sentence or
questions > Have you been there before?
The present perfect simple tense is used to
Describe actions that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the present.

Rani has broken her arm. (She broke it in the past and cant use her arm now.)

Describe an action that started in the past but is still happening on a regular or
habitual basis (like the present simple).

The girls have played tennis at the club since 2005. (They started to play tennis
there in 2005 and still play there today. This does not mean they are playing tennis
at the moment.)

Describe actions that were repeated several times in the past.

Ive already made several calls. (Up until now)
The specific time in the past is unimportant, just the fact that it happened.
Note: Time Expressions Present Perfect
NEVER use the same time expressions that you use in the past simple tense, such as:
yesterday, a week ago, last night. You MAY use unspecific time expressions such as: ever,
never, since, for, already, many times, before, so far, yet.
The Typical Present Perfect Sentence
In order to form a typical sentence in the present perfect simple, choose a subject ((the
person or thing that has done the action), add an auxiliary (or helping) verb: has or have +
the V3 (past participle) form of the verb and then add the rest of the sentence.

Subject

have/has +Verb(V3)
(Past Participle)

Rest of Sentence

I / You / We / They

have met

him before

He / She / It

has lived

here for three years

1. She has seen that movie twenty times. (Ella ha visto esa pelcula veinte veces).
2. I think I have met him once before. (Creo que lo conoc una vez antes).
3. There have been many earthquakes in California. (Ha habido muchos terremotos en
California).
4. People have travelled to the Moon. (La gente ha viajado a la luna).
5. People have not travelled to Mars. (La gente no ha viajado a Marte)
6. I have not read the book. (No he ledo el libro)
7. He has seen the movie before. (El ha visto la pelcula antes).
8. We have learned how to speak Spanish. (Nosotros hemos aprendido hablar espaol).
9. It has passed a lot time ago. (Ocurri hace mucho tiempo).
10. You have lived in Germany. (Ustedes han vivido en Alemania).

Los tag questions son pequeas frases o preguntas (mini-questions) que se colocan al final
de una oracin afirmativa o negativa y que generalmente tienen como objetivo confirmar o
negar el contenido de la frase misma. Es el equivalente al verdad?espaol o al no? ms
utilizado en pases de Amrica.
TRES REGLAS BASICAS QUE DEBES RECORDAR
1.

Los tag questions utilizan siempre los verbos auxiliares.

2.

Con oraciones afirmativas utilizamos un tag question en

NEGATIVO.

3.

Con oraciones negativas utilizamos un tag question en

AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO.

Analicemos ahora las diferentes alternativas que pueden presentarse:

a) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT

SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO: aren't you? isn't he? isn't she? isn't
it? aren't we? aren't you? aren't they? Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos:
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? (Es un da hermoso, no?)
Martha is angry, isn't she? (Marta est enojada, verdad?)
You are really tired, aren't you? (Ests muy cansado, no?)
They're very nice people, aren't they? (Son personas muy agradables, no?)
You are coming tomorrow, aren't you? (Vas a venir maana, verdad?)
Pedro's flying now, isn't he? (Pedro est volando en estos momentos, no?)
Por favor recuerda que, en ingls americano y UNICAMENTE en este caso en particular,
para la primera persona del verbo to be se utiliza aren't I? como equivalente de am I not?:
I'm late, aren't I? (Llego tarde, no?)
I'm arriving late at night, aren't I? (LLegar tarde por la noche, no?)
b) ORACIONES NEGATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT
SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO: am I? are you? is he?
is she? is it? are we? are you? are they? Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos:
I'm not late, am I? (No llego tarde, no?)
It isn't a beautiful day, is it? (No es un da hermoso, verdad?)
Martha isn't angry, is she? (Marta no est enojada, no?)
You aren't really tired, are you? (No ests muy cansado, verdad?)
They aren't very nice people, are they? (No son personas muy agradables, no?)
You aren't coming tomorrow, are you? (No vas a venir maana, no?)
Pedro isn't flying now, is he? (Pedro no est volando en estos momentos, no?)
c) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PAST SIMPLE
O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO: wasn't I? weren't you? wasn't he?
wasn't she? wasn't it? weren't we? weren't you? weren't they? Aqu tienes algunos

ejemplos:
It was a beautiful day, wasn't it? (Fue un da hermoso, verdad?)
Martha was angry, wasn't she? (Marta estaba enojada, no?)
You were really tired, weren't you? (Estabas muy cansado, verdad?)
You were studying at 6, weren't you? (Estuviste estudiando a las 6, no?)
He was flying when I phoned, wasn't he? (Estaba volando cuando llam, no?)