CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM
INTRODUCTION
The extent of students learning in academics may be determined by the grades
a student earns for a period of learning is conducted. It is believed that a grade is some
of the primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns passing grades it is
conducted that they may also have learned a lot while failing grades indicated lesser
learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are also several
factors that would account for the grades.
One factor that affects academic performance is the time spent in studying to
gain knowledge. Therefore, expanding the time spent in studying may also expand
learning. Environmental factors also influence academic performance. Learning
environment is one. The learning environment that is free of barriers, or obstacles or
distractions such as noise, gas/smoke pollutions and so on can constitute health
hazards, which in return affect or reduce students concentration or perceptive or
conceptive focus to learning (Sprinthall, 1987).
This research discusses how important factors like time spent in studying are in
achieving students good academic performance. This also presents how many hours
the students are studying and what is the comfortable place for them to study in order to
show that if these factors are contributors in attaining better academic performance.
No single factor can be definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It has been
interplay of so many factors age, gender, study load, place to study, time spent in

studying, etc. In fact, almost all of existing environmental and personal factors are the
variable of academic performance. However, at this point in time, the researchers would
like to investigate on the possible significance of the factors affecting the academic
performance of regular senior nursing students of PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College.
The investigation of the research on this area has become a compelling motivation for
the researchers to conduct this study.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

GENDER
PLACE TO
STUDY
STUDY TIME

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

ACADEMIC
PERFORMA
NCE
AGE
STUDY LOAD

Figure above shows the interplay of variables used in this study. The
independent variables consisted of age, gender, study load, place to study and study
time. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the academic performance of regular
senior nursing students of PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College that is evaluated as
passing or failing grades.

In this view, the researchers wanted to study the significance of the factors (age,
gender, study load, place to study and study time) towards the academic performance
of the regular senior nursing students of PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study intended to find out the relationship between the factors and the academic
performance of the regular senior nursing students of PHINMA Cagayan de Oro
College. It also aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents according to:

AGE
GENDER
STUDY LOAD
PLACE TO STUDY
STUDY TIME

2. Is there a significant relationship between the age, gender, study load, place to
study and the study time to the academic performance of the regular senior
nursing students of PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College?
HYPOTHESIS

Problem 1 is hypothesis-free.
Problem 2 H : There is no significant relationship between the profile in terms of
age, gender, study load, place to study and the study time to the academic
performance of the regular senior nursing students of PHINMA Cagayan de Oro
College.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:
TEACHERS/ CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS. The findings of the study will assist the
teachers/clinical instructors in evaluating, planning and implementing possible changes
in the current teaching styles and programs in order to address the needs of the
students.
STUDENTS. The result of this study will enable the students to become more
aware of the common factors among their co-nursing students will be given information
on how these factors (age, gender, study load, place to study and the study time) affect
their academic performance.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The result of this study will serve as a basis for
future researchers to conduct an in-depth study related to factors affecting the academic
performance of students utilizing other variables such as parents level of education,
economic status, etc.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The scope of this study is focused only to the respondents who are considered to
be regular senior nursing students of PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College and are
officially enrolled during the school year 2015-2016 1 st semester.
The independent variables of this study were limited to the respondents profile in
terms of age, gender, study load, place to study and the study time. On the other hand,

the dependent variables were limited only to the respondents academic performance in
terms of passing or failing grades.
This study is considered only to the regular senior nursing students of PHINMA
Cagayan de Oro College, thus, the findings and recommendations may not be
generalized to institutions.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. Is defined as the final grade earned by the
student ate the end of the semester that is evaluated as passing or failing.
AGE. Refers to the length of time that a person has lived.
FACTORS. In this study it refers age, gender, study load, place to study and the
study time which may affect the academic performance of the students.
GENDER. Means the state of being male or female.
PHINMA CAGAYAN DE ORO COLLEGE. Is a private non-sectarian college at
Max Suniel Street, Carmen Cagayan de Oro City Philippines. The College offers a wide
range of courses. It also offers preschool, elementary and now the K2-12, which
primarily serve as laboratory school for its teacher education program.
PLACE TO STUDY. Is defined as the area where students usually do review
their lessons.
STUDY LOAD. Means the amount of units officially enrolled during the semester.

STUDY TIME. Is defined as the students amount of time spent in studying.