Chapter 15

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a/an
A. PAMP.
B. marker.
C. hapten.
D. antibody.
E. antigen.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.01 Describe how the third line of defense is different from the other host defense mechanisms.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

2. Acquired specific immunity involves the response of

A. skin barriers.
B. B and T lymphocytes.
C. lysozyme.
D. mucus membranes.
E. interferon.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.05 Compare and contrast the process of antigen recognition in T cells and B cells.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

3. The embryonic yolk sac, the liver, and the bone marrow are sites where
A. immune responses to antigen occur.
B. stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes.
C. antigen is filtered from the blood.
D. antigen is filtered from tissue fluid.
E. T lymphocytes complete maturation.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

4. The antibody-secreting progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called

A. antibodies.
B. sensitized T cells.
C. activated macrophages.
D. plasma cells.
E. bursa cells.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.15 Diagram the steps of B-cell activation, and list the types of B cells produced in this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.08 Outline the processes of clonal selection and expansion.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

5. Helper T cells
A. secrete antibodies.
B. function in allergic reactions.
C. directly destroy target cells.
D. suppress immune reactions.
E. activate B cells and other T cells.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

6. Plasma cells
A. secrete antibodies.
B. function in allergic reactions.
C. directly destroy target cells.
D. suppress immune reactions.
E. activate B cells and other T cells.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.15 Diagram the steps of B-cell activation, and list the types of B cells produced in this process.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

7. Lymphocyte maturation involves

A. hormonal signals that initiate development.
B. B cells maturing in bone marrow sites.
C. T cells maturing in the thymus.
D. release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Learning Outcome: 15.07 Draw a diagram illustrating how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any antigen imaginable.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

8. What type of cells secrete antibodies?

A. memory B cells
B. cytotoxic T cells
C. plasma cells
D. helper T cells
E. antigen-presenting cells

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.15 Diagram the steps of B-cell activation, and list the types of B cells produced in this process.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

9. Cell surface markers involved in immune reactions

A. are the result of genetic expression.
B. function in recognition of self molecules.
C. receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system.
D. aid in cellular development.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.03 Discuss four major functions of immune system markers.
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

10. The major histocompatibility complex is

A. a set of glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells.
B. a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins.
C. found on the third chromosome.
D. located in the thymus gland.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

11. Class II MHC genes code for

A. certain secreted complement components.
B. self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes.
C. all HLA antigens.
D. receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Learning Outcome: 15.09 Describe the structure of both a B-cell receptor and a T-cell receptor.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

12. Class I MHC genes code for

A. certain secreted complement components.
B. self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes.
C. all HLA antigens.
D. receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Learning Outcome: 15.09 Describe the structure of both a B-cell receptor and a T-cell receptor.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

13. The histocompatibility complex proteins function in

A. recognition of self.
B. antibody proliferation.
C. B-cell maturation.
D. T-cell maturation.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

14. MHC molecules are found on all of the following cells except
A. leukocytes.
B. eosinophils.
C. epithelial cells.
D. red blood cells.
E. islet of langerhans cells.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

15. Lymphocytes
A. possess MHC antigens for recognizing self.
B. have membrane receptors that recognize foreign antigens.
C. gain tolerance to self by destruction of lymphocytes that could react against self.
D. develop into clones of B and T cells with extreme variations of specificity.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Learning Outcome: 15.07 Draw a diagram illustrating how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any antigen imaginable.
Section Number: 15.02
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

16. The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all of the following except
A. two identical heavy polypeptide chains.
B. two identical light polypeptide chains.
C. disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains.
D. four antigen binding sites.
E. a variable and constant region on each polypeptide chain.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.02
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

17. The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly diversified
from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the _____ region.
A. variable
B. joining
C. constant
D. light
E. hinge

ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.02
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

18. Which of the following is not true of the antigen-independent period of lymphocyte
development?
A. Lymphocytes form from stem cells in the bone marrow.
B. Random genetic rearrangements occur to produce different surface protein receptors.
C. Mature lymphocytes populate lymphatic organs and encounter antigens.
D. Lymphocytes with specificity for self are destroyed.
E. Many lymphocytes with different specificities are formed.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.05 Compare and contrast the process of antigen recognition in T cells and B cells.
Section Number: 15.02
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

19. Destruction of lymphocytes with self-specificity is called

A. clonal deletion.
B. proliferation.
C. clonal selection.
D. differentiation.
E. hypersensitivity.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.08 Outline the processes of clonal selection and expansion.
Section Number: 15.02
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

20. Properties of effective antigens include all of the following except

A. foreign to the immune system.
B. molecular complexity.
C. large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000.
D. large polymers made up of repeating subunits.
E. cells or large, complex molecules.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.10 Compare the terms antigen and epitope.
Learning Outcome: 15.11 List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

21. The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and
responds to is called a/an
A. epitope.
B. hapten.
C. antigen binding site.
D. variable region.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.10 Compare the terms antigen and epitope.
Section Number: 15.03
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

22. Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are
termed
A. epitopes.
B. haptens.
C. antigen binding sites.
D. variable regions.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.10 Compare the terms antigen and epitope.
Learning Outcome: 15.11 List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.
Section Number: 15.03
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

23. Superantigens are

A. body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign.
B. cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members.
C. bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens.
D. antigens that evoke allergic reactions.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.05 Compare and contrast the process of antigen recognition in T cells and B cells.
Learning Outcome: 15.12 Describe how the immune system responds to alloantigens, superantigens, and allergens.
Section Number: 15.03
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

24. Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called

A. superantigens.
B. heterophilic antigens.
C. allergens.
D. autoantigens.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.07 Draw a diagram illustrating how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any antigen imaginable.
Learning Outcome: 15.11 List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.
Learning Outcome: 15.12 Describe how the immune system responds to alloantigens, superantigens, and allergens.
Section Number: 15.03
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

25. Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

A. produce plasma cells and memory cells
B. low numbers circulating in the blood
C. require antigen presented with MHC proteins
D. receptors called immunoglobins
E. mature in the bone marrow

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.15 Diagram the steps of B-cell activation, and list the types of B cells produced in this process.
Section Number: 15.04
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

26. Antigen presenting cells

A. include dendritic cells.
B. include macrophages.
C. engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic.
D. hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.12 Describe how the immune system responds to alloantigens, superantigens, and allergens.
Learning Outcome: 15.13 List the types of cells that can act as antigen-presenting cells.
Section Number: 15.03
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

27. T-cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires

A. typically a protein antigen.
B. binding of the T cell to a class II MHC receptor on a macrophage.
C. binding of the T cell to a site on the antigen.
D. interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.05 Compare and contrast the process of antigen recognition in T cells and B cells.
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

28. During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the
cytokine _____, which activates T helper cells.
A. interferon
B. interleukin-1
C. interleukin-2
D. histamine

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

29. Which is incorrect about the Fc region of an immunoglobulin?

A. is called the crystallizable fragment
B. forms the antigen binding sites
C. contains an effector molecule that can bind to cells such as macrophages and mast cells
D. contains an effector molecule that can fix complement
E. determines the class to which the immunoglobulin belongs

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

30. Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin
molecule, thereby disrupting their activity?
A. neutralization
B. opsonization
C. complement fixation
D. agglutination
E. anamnestic response

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

31. Which process involves antibodies cross-linking cells or particles into large aggregates?
A. neutralization
B. opsonization
C. complement fixation
D. agglutination
E. anamnestic response

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

32. Which process involves antibodies coating microorganisms in order to facilitate

phagocytosis?
A. neutralization
B. opsonization
C. complement fixation
D. agglutination
E. anamnestic response

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

33. Which process involves a more rapid synthesis and greatly increased titer of antibody
when the immune system is subsequently exposed to the same antigen?
A. neutralization
B. opsonization
C. complement fixation
D. agglutination
E. anamnestic response

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.20 Draw and label a graph illustrating the development of a secondary immune response.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

34. The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and
other body secretions is
A. IgA.
B. IgD.
C. IgE.
D. IgG.
E. IgM.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

35. The immunoglobulin class that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta is
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG
E. IgM

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

36. The immunoglobulin class that has an Fc region that binds to receptors on basophils and
mast cells is
A. IgA.
B. IgD.
C. IgE.
D. IgG.
E. IgM.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

37. All of the following are characteristics of IgM except

A. has 10 antigen binding sites.
B. contains a central J chain.
C. is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell.
D. can serve as a B-cell receptor.
E. is a dimer.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

38. Which immunoglobulin class/es can fix complement?

A. IgM only
B. IgG only
C. IgD only
D. IgM and IgG
E. IgE and IgA

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

39. The immunoglobulin/s found on the surface of B cells is/are

A. IgM only.
B. IgG only.
C. IgD only.
D. IgM and IgD.
E. IgD and IgE.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

40. _____ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.

A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgD
E. IgE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

41. Each _____ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy
and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.
A. variable
B. FAb
C. Fc
D. terminal
E. hinge

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

42. An activated TH cell produces ___, which is a growth factor for T helper cells and
cytotoxic T cells.
A. interleukin-1
B. interleukin-2
C. interleukin-12
D. antiserum
E. complement

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Section Number: 15.03
Section Number: 15.04
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

43. What process generates many B cells and T cells that are activated against specific
antigens?
A. antigen expression
B. antibody production
C. clonal expansion
D. antigen presentation
E. opsonization

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.08 Outline the processes of clonal selection and expansion.
Section Number: 15.04
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

44. The most significant cells in graft rejection are

A. helper T cells.
B. suppressor T cells.
C. cytotoxic T cells.
D. delayed hypersensitivity T cells.
E. natural killer (NK) cells.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

45. Which lymphocytes lack specificity for antigen and attack cancer cells and virus-infected
cells?
A. helper T cells
B. suppressor T cells
C. cytotoxic T cells
D. delayed hypersensitivity T cells
E. natural killer (NK) cells

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

46. Cytotoxic T cells

A. are activated by free, soluble antigens.
B. lack specificity for antigen.
C. secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells.
D. secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

47. Which of the following is not a target for TC cells?

A. bacteria
B. virus-infected cells
C. cancer cells
D. human transplanted liver
E. pig transplanted heart

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.17 Explain the role of cytotoxic T cells in apoptosis, and list the potential targets of this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

48. Specific immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of ____.
A. antibodies
B. plasma cells
C. T helper cells
D. memory cells
E. phagocytotic cells

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.08 Outline the processes of clonal selection and expansion.
Section Number: 15.05
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

49. An example of artificial passive immunity would be

A. chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity.
B. chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox.
C. giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease.
D. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.21 List the four categories of acquired immunity, and provide examples of each.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Classification of Acquired Immunities

50. An example of natural passive immunity would be

A. chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity.
B. chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox.
C. giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease.
D. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.21 List the four categories of acquired immunity, and provide examples of each.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Classification of Acquired Immunities

51. An example of artificial active immunity would be

A. chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity.
B. chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox.
C. giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease.
D. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.07 Draw a diagram illustrating how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any antigen imaginable.
Learning Outcome: 15.21 List the four categories of acquired immunity, and provide examples of each.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Classification of Acquired Immunities

52. An example of natural active immunity would be

A. chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity.
B. chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox.
C. giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease.
D. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.21 List the four categories of acquired immunity, and provide examples of each.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Classification of Acquired Immunities

53. Edward Jenner's work involved

A. inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity.
B. development of passive immunotherapy.
C. development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox.
D. immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more
pathogenic one.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

54. Immunotherapy is the

A. use of antitoxins.
B. use of immune serum globulin.
C. conferring of passive immunity.
D. administering of preformed antibodies.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

55. High titers of specific antibodies are characteristic of

A. specific immune globulin (SIG).
B. gamma globulin.
C. immune serum globulin (ISG).
D. attenuated vaccines.
E. toxoids.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

56. Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by

A. removal of virulence genes from the microbe.
B. treatment with formalin, heat, or radiation.
C. passage of the pathogen through unnatural hosts or tissue culture.
D. long-term subculturing of the microbe.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Learning Outcome: 15.24 Explain the principle of herd immunity and the risks that unfold when it is not maintained.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

57. Live, attenuated vaccines

A. include the Sabin polio vaccine.
B. include the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR).
C. contain viable microbes that can multiply in the person.
D. require smaller doses and fewer boosters compared to inactivated vaccines.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

58. Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines

A. contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules.
B. are always genetically engineered.
C. contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses.
D. confer passive immunity.
E. utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigen.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

59. Antitoxins
A. contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules.
B. are always genetically engineered.
C. contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses.
D. confer passive immunity.
E. utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigen.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

60. Vaccinia virus is often used in the technique to make

A. adjuvant.
B. booster.
C. antibodies to toxin.
D. gamma globulin.
E. "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.22 Discuss the qualities of an effective vaccine.
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

61. Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and
prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?
A. adjuvant
B. booster
C. antibodies to toxin
D. gamma globulin
E. "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

62. All nucleated cells contain

A. class I MHC.
B. class II MHC.
C. secretory antibodies.
D. IgE receptors.
E. IgD receptors.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 Define the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and list the three classes of MHC genes.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

63. During which response to the antigen do we display a latent period of no secretory
antibody synthesis?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.20 Draw and label a graph illustrating the development of a secondary immune response.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

True / False Questions

64. Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.07 Draw a diagram illustrating how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any antigen imaginable.
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

65. Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Section Number: 15.01
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

66. Activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B cell surface immunoglobulin
receptors.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Section Number: 15.04
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

67. Clonal selection requires the presence of foreign antigens.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.08 Outline the processes of clonal selection and expansion.
Section Number: 15.02
Topic: Adaptive Line of Defense

68. After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into
memory cells.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

69. The hinge region of an antibody has a hypervariable amino acid region where the
antigenic determinant fits.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process.
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

70. The structural and functional differences that distinguish immunoglobulin isotypes are due
to variations associated with their Fc fragments.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.18 Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the possible end results of this process.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

71. One plasma cell will secrete antibodies of various classes, but the antibodies will all have
the same specificity.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

72. The secondary response to an antigen is more rapid and robust than the primary response.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.20 Draw and label a graph illustrating the development of a secondary immune response.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Humoral Response (or Antibody-Mediated Response)

73. Gamma globulin can be given as immunotherapy to confer artificial passive immunity.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.16 Describe the main functions of the major T-cell types and their subsets.
Learning Outcome: 15.23 List several types of vaccines, and discuss how they are utilized today.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

Multiple Choice Questions

74. The array of potential antibodies to the variety of possible antigens is amazing. Which
statement explains this development?
A. Recombination of hundreds of genes for antigen receptors occurs during the developmental
stage of lymphocyte production.
B. Mutations in the antibody gene occur within the activated B cells, since they meet the
antigen.
C. There is a shuffling of genes that code for self markers as well as nonself markers, mixing
them together and producing reactive lymphocytes to those markers.
D. The existing antibody molecules change their shapes, allowing them to fit with a large
number of antigens.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.07 Draw a diagram illustrating how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any antigen imaginable.
Section Number: 15.02
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation

75. A cytotoxic T lymphocyte, having been activated against a particular viral antigen, "sees"
this same antigen on a host body cell. What will happen?
A. The cytotoxic T cell will produce antibodies against the antigen.
B. The antigen will move inside of the host body cell, thereby hiding from the cytotoxic T
cell.
C. The cytotoxic T cell will produce proteins that cause the host body cell to die.
D. The cytotoxic body cell will activate B cells which then produce antibody against the
antigen.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 15.17 Explain the role of cytotoxic T cells in apoptosis, and list the potential targets of this process.
Section Number: 15.05
Topic: Cell-Mediated Response

76. Fluzone is a brand name for a very commonly given influenza vaccine. The vaccine is
prepared by first harvesting flu viruses in chicken embryos and then breaking apart virus
particles into protein subunits, thereby inactivating the virus. Your friend refuses to get the
vaccine. Which of these statements is the only valid reason for her not to get the flu
vaccine?
A. She could catch the flu from the inactivated vaccine.
B. She could pass the virus onto her baby, causing the child to become autistic.
C. She could die from the vaccine.
D. She is allergic to eggs.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.22 Discuss the qualities of an effective vaccine.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

77. You do not really want to get your 3 children vaccinated. Your view is why do it, when
others around you will get the vaccine and end up protecting you and your children. Which is
an accurate statement that your physician may provide to you in response to your challenge to
vaccination?
A. Your choice is fine, your children will never become infected since this is actually the basis
of herd immunity.
B. This is not a smart choice. If enough people choose not to get vaccinated, the susceptible
population grows to a large size breaking the protective effect of herd immunity.
C. Your choice is fine, maybe you will change your mind when your child goes to college.
D. This is not a smart choice. You could face potential arrest for not vaccinating your child
per the regulations of the US government.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.24 Explain the principle of herd immunity and the risks that unfold when it is not maintained.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

78. You have received the first hepatitis A vaccine. It was required for your mission trip to
Nicaragua in Central America, where hepatitis A is common. However, you never went back
for the booster shot of the vaccine, which should have been received within 6 months of the
initial vaccination. What statement accurately reflects your present immunity to this
pathogen?
A. This is not a problem because the second dosage is just extra protection. Your immune
status would be very high.
B. The one dosage is not enough because it only activated humoral immunity. The second
dosage is to then activate cell-mediated immunity. The combination of the two immune
responses gives you 100% coverage of immunity to hepatitis A.
C. Not a problem because at any time--in a year, 5 years, etc.--you can go get the booster
vaccine for hepatitis A and be fully covered by immunity.
D. You are at risk to get hepatitis A since your immune status is only partial. Not enough
immune memory cells were produced since you received one dosage of vaccine, so you are
likely to get the disease when exposed to the virus.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 15.24 Explain the principle of herd immunity and the risks that unfold when it is not maintained.
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Immunization

79. A patient enters your clinic with a suspected helminthic infection. In support of this
diagnosis, you suspect elevated levels of which antibody in the patient's serum?
A. IgD
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.19 List the five types of antibodies and important characteristics of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Topic: Antigens and Antibodies

80. As an adult who never developed chickenpox infection as a child, you elect to receive the
protective vaccine against this pathogen at the age of 35. This vaccine will stimulate:
A. a primary immune response
B. latency
C. a secondary immune response
D. an anamnestic response

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.20 Draw and label a graph illustrating the development of a secondary immune response.
Learning Outcome: 15.21 List the four categories of acquired immunity, and provide examples of each.
Section Number: 15.06
Section Number: 15.07
Topic: Classification of Acquired Immunities
Topic: Immunization

81. Autoimmune disorders are characterized by immune destruction of self tissues. The
underlying basis of these disorders is:
A. oversecretion of antibodies from memory B cells
B. lack of immune tolerance
C. lack of an anamnestic response
D. overproduction of complement

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.08 Outline the processes of clonal selection and expansion.
Section Number: 15.03
Topic: Lymphocyte Development and Maturation