1.

Information such as
sound is converted by a
transducer
such
as
microphone
to
an
electrical signal, which
modulates a radio wave
sent from a transmitter.
A receiver intercepts the
radio wave and extracts
the information-bearing
electronic signal, which
is converted back using
another transducer such as a speaker.
2. Permits needed for a radio station to operate
1. Permit to Possess - A Permit to Possess a radio transmitter or
transceiver is a certificate or written authority issued by the
NTC , authorizing a person, firm, company, association or
corporation to possess a radio transmitter or transceiver.
2. Permit to Own - A Permit to Own a radio transmitter or
transceiver is a certificate issued by NTC, certifying to the
fact that the holder thereof is the owner of the radio
transmitter or transceiver described therein.
3. Dealer's Permit -a Dealer Permit is a certificate or written
authority issued by the NTC to a person, firm, company,
association or corporation, legitimately engaged in the
business of buying and selling radio transmitters and
transceivers.
4. Purchase Permit - A Purchase Permit is a written authority or
certificate issued by the NTC to a person, firm, company,
association or corporation, authorizing the holder thereof to
purchase a radio transmitter or transceivers.

5. Permit to Import - A Permit to Import is a written authority or

certificate issued by the NTC to a person, firm, company,
association or corporation to import type approved and/or
accepted radio communication equipment.
6. Construction Permit - Construction Permit is a certificate or
written authority issued by the NTC for the construction or
installation of a radio station as required by these
regulations.
7. Radio communication Equipment Dealer Permit (REDP) - A
permit issued by the Commission authorizing the holder
thereof to engage in the acquisition, servicing, maintenance,
purchase or sale of transmitters and/or transceivers, parts
and accessories thereof.
8. Radio communication Equipment Service Center (RESCP) - A
permit issued by the Commission authorizing the holder
thereof to repair or service transmitters and/or transceivers
and maintains radio communication equipment and
accessories.
9. Congressional Franchise Permit Regional or National Permit
10.
Provisional Authority Needed to be renewed every 6
months.
3. 97.5 OK FM is a Class A FM facility licensed by the National
Telecommunications Commission, and operates on an assigned
frequency of 97.5 MHz (FM Radio Wave Channel 248) with a
maximum power output of 5,000 watts. The antenna tower is side
mounted at 220 feet (67 m) level. The 450 square feet (42 m2),
which houses the station's office, studio and transmitter, was
expressly designed and built as a radio station complex
constructed and installed on January 30, 1996.
Each system contains a transmitter; this consists of a source
of electrical energy, producing alternating current of a desired
frequency of oscillation. The transmitter contains a system to

modulate (change) some property of the energy produced to

impress a signal on it. This modulation might be as simple as
turning the energy on and off, or altering more subtle properties
such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or combinations of these
properties. The transmitter sends the modulated electrical energy
to a tuned resonant antenna; this structure converts the rapidly
changing alternating current into an electromagnetic wave that
can move through free space (sometimes with a particular
polarization).
4. DWOK FM has an Am Booth, Fm Booth, Technical Booth,
Production Booth, and Television Booth.
5. Transmission Equipments
Transmitter
Takes your broadcast message from
your studio room, encodes it as sine
waves and transmits it as radio waves.
Receiver
The receiver receives the broadcast
message and decodes the radio sine
waves (simply put, a radio set).
For sending radio signals. Required
Antenna
one each for transmission and
receiving of radio waves.
Transmission lines
Used to transfer radio signals from one
location to another. (say from the
studio to the location of transmitter)
Audio Processor
Used to improve and optimize the
quality of sound to be broadcast.
These days this function is undertaken
by inexpensive software programs.
Connectors
For connecting various equipments to
each other.
Interface panel is used to input
Interface panel remote broadcast
data
into
transmitter
Control
(Basically an interface between studio
and transmission site). Remote control
is required to be able to feed those
data from far off (say from your studio)
Cable
For connecting equipments located at

a distance from each other.

Equipment Rack
For holding all equipments in a stable,
secure and logical manner.
To supply power and protect the
Power
Protection equipments from unwanted power
equipments
fluctuations.
UPS
For uninterrupted power supply.
Studio
Equipments
For converting the sound
Microphone.
waves into electrical energy.
Silent
Microphone
boom arms.

For holding and moving the microphone

across.

CD players

Playing the music

Mixer

Allows the jockey to control various aspects

of radio broadcast

Amplifiers

Low power signals to high power signals

Monitor
Speakers.

To monitor the quality of broadcast

Speaker Mounts

To hold speakers

Computer
automation
software.

They are used for wide variety of purposes

and
have
replaced
several
functions
previously managed by costly equipments

Rack Mount

Holds all the equipments

Power
Protection Units

To supply power and protect the equipments

from unwanted power fluctuations.

6. The radio equipment involved in communication systems

includes a transmitter and a receiver, each having an antenna
and appropriate terminal equipment such as a microphone at the
transmitter and a loudspeaker at the receiver in the case of a
voice-communication system. AM radio uses amplitude
modulation, in which the amplitude of the transmitted signal is
made proportional to the sound amplitude captured (transuded)
by the microphone, while the transmitted frequency remains

unchanged. Transmissions are affected by static and interference

because lightning and other sources of radio emissions on the
same frequency add their amplitudes to the original transmitted
amplitude.
FM broadcast radio sends music and voice with less noise than AM
radio. It is often mistakenly thought that FM is higher fidelity than
AM, but that is not true. AM is capable of the same audio
bandwidth that FM employs. AM receivers typically use narrower
filters in the receiver to recover the signal with less noise. AM
stereo receivers can reproduce the same audio bandwidth that FM
does due to the wider filter used in an AM stereo receiver, but
today, AM radios limit the audio band pass to 35 kHz. In
frequency modulation, amplitude variation at the microphone
causes the transmitter frequency to fluctuate. Because the audio
signal modulates the frequency and not the amplitude, an FM
signal is not subject to static and interference in the same way as
AM signals. Due to its need for a wider bandwidth, FM is
transmitted in the Very High Frequency (VHF, 30 MHz to 300 MHz)
radio spectrum.
Radio waves act more like light, traveling in straight lines; hence
the reception range is generally limited to about 50200 miles
(80322 km). During unusual upper atmospheric conditions, FM
signals are occasionally reflected back towards the Earth by the
ionosphere, resulting in long distance FM reception. FM receivers
are subject to the capture effect, which causes the radio to only
receive the strongest signal when multiple signals appear on the
same frequency. FM receivers are relatively immune to lightning
and spark interference. High power is useful in penetrating
buildings, diffracting around hills, and refracting in the dense
atmosphere near the horizon for some distance beyond the
horizon. Consequently, 100,000-watt FM stations can regularly be
heard up to 100 miles (160 km) away, and farther, 150 miles (240
km), if there are no competing signals.

FM subcarrier services are secondary signals transmitted in a

"piggyback" fashion along with the main program. Special
receivers are required to utilize these services. Analog channels
may contain alternative programming, such as reading services
for the blind, background music or stereo sound signals. In some
extremely crowded metropolitan areas, the sub-channel program
might be an alternate foreign-language radio program for various
ethnic groups. Sub-carriers can also transmit digital data, such as
station identification, the current song's name, web addresses, or
stock quotes. In some countries, FM radios automatically re-tune
themselves to the same channel in a different district by using
sub-bands.

DWOK Program Schedule

Mondays to Fridays:
Morning Rush [DJ Claire] [6:00 - 9:00AM]
Double A Connect [DJ Ai and DJ Alex] [9:00AM - 12:00NN]
Love is In The Air [DJ Danielle] [12:00NN - 2:00PM]
CyberLine [DJ Cyberbugs] [2:00 - 5:00PM]
MetroMix [DJ Lexter] [5:00 - 7:00PM]
Love Spell [DJ Derrek] [7:00 - 11:00PM] [M-Th]
Pinoy Music Jam [DJ Derrek [7:00 - 11:00PM] [F]
Jesus Miracle Hour [11:00PM - 12:00MN]
Saturdays and Sundays:

Morning Body Fitness [DJ Martha] [6:00 - 9:00AM]

Let's Hangout [DJ Chase and DJ Sky] [6:00 - 9:00PM]
TLC - The Love Center [DJ Roby] [9:00 - 11:00PM]
Jesus Miracle Hour [11:00PM - 12:00MN]
Saturdays:
OK Republic [Tambalang CR - DJ Claire and Rion Rei] [9:00AM 12:00NN]
All Hit Radio [DJ Cyberbugs] [12:00NN - 3:00PM]
Bounce [DJ Naomi] [3:00 - 6:00PM]
Sundays:
Double A Retro Connect [DJ Ai and DJ Alex] [9:00AM - 12:00NN]
Weekly Top Hits [DJ Elmo] [12:00NN - 3:00PM]
Your Song, Your Story [DJ Yuri] [3:00 - 6:00PM]