AUDIO SCRIPTS

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TEST 1
TEST 1, Part 1
Extract 1
Man: It's a vicious circle really. It takes me the best part of an hour to get here in the morning, so I honestly
never have time for breakfast.
Woman: But you should always have something. According to nutrition experts, it's the most important meal
of the day.
Man: That's a load of rubbish, if you ask me. It's all very well for them. They've probably got time for it. I
haven't! Anyway, when I get to work, I'm plunged into the usual stressful day, and my hunger just sort of
evaporates.
Woman: Yes, I only live round the corner but I often skip breakfast myself! But I suppose you could always
make up for it at lunch time.
Man: I can and I should. But more often than not I just grab a cup of coffee and a few biscuits or a
sandwich.
Woman: There's nothing wrong with that. That's all I ever have when I'm busy.
Man: Fine. But what happens as the day wears on is that the less you eat, the less you want to eat.
Abstinence seems to suppress the appetite somehow.
Woman: Well, I suspect what we ought to be doing is establishing a regular pattern of eating, instead of just
grabbing what we can, when we can!
Man: Hmm a sensible, conventional diet. There's no doubt that that's the way to go. You don't fancy
giving me a hand to do just that and prevent me from skipping lunch, do you?
Woman: Why not? Then we can both indulge ourselves for a change!
Extract 2
Do you wake each morning to what seems like an endless list of tasks and hit the pillow each night feeling a
failure because half remain undone? We all know the feeling of being submerged by routine, commitments
and chores. But while we're constantly being urged to take up leisure activities like aerobics, and take
herbal supplements to improve our health, they usually end up as just more things to add to an everexpanding 'do' list. Setting unrealistic goals for ourselves is one of the most common reasons for feeling
you're losing your grip. But there's an obvious solution simply lower your expectations.
One of the most common causes of inadequacy is failure to prioritize. Often, people begin their day by
writing long lists of what needs doing. It's better to make lists with two sections one for things that really
have to be done today, the other for things that can be dealt with only if you have time. That way, if you
manage to do any of the second list, you'll feel you're ahead.
Extract 3
For some, plunging down an icy Welsh river may have all the appeal of do-it-yourself dentistry, but going
white-water rafting in Britain has its benefits it's accessible (you can book up on the spot!), and a cheap
way to learn the ropes before moving on to more challenging rivers abroad. And if Hollywood stars like
Meryl Streep can do it, so can you. The Snowdon Centre receives 50,000 visitors a year, including the
British Olympic canoe and kayak teams. All rapids have an international grading system from one to six (the
latter can't be attempted without 'risk to life'). This Centre's rapids are graded three to four. A bit tame? Not
at all. According to the Centre's coaching manager, the course is steep, rocky, fast and challenging. After
getting kitted up, there's a safety briefing before the 2km run. When you come to rapids with names like SkiSlope and The Graveyard, your guide will steer and keep control as you navigate through them. The river is
dam-controlled so there's usually a sufficient flow, but call ahead to double-check.

TEST 1, Part 2
Presenter: And now a talk by Brian Willis about H.G. Wells, the well-known science fiction writer.
Brian: At the end of the nineteenth century, people were excited by new scientific discoveries which
seemed to promise so much for the future. And no writer expressed this feeling so much as H. G. Wells.
Wells, who died in 1946, was an extremely prolific writer. His literary output was vast and extremely varied.
He was born in 1866, in Bromley, Kent, the son of a professional cricketer, and was apprenticed to a cloth
retailer in his early life. This period of his life was reflected in several of his novels.
He became an assistant teacher at Midhurst Grammar School, studying by night and eventually winning a
scholarship in 1884 to the Norman School of Science in London, where he came under the lasting influence
of T. H. Huxley. Huxley was a successful lecturer and the grandfather of the more famous Aldous Huxley.
For some years, endlessly fighting illness, Wells struggled as a teacher, studying and writing articles in his
spare time. His marriage in 1891 to his cousin Isabel proved unhappy and he eventually eloped with one of
his students, whom he married in 1895.
As a writer and thinker he held extremely independent views, but as a writer, he is perhaps best
remembered for his scientific novels, which were amongst the earliest products of the new genre of science
fiction. He used his knowledge of science as the starting point for a series of exciting and fantastic stories.
His first story, The Time Machine, which he wrote in 1895, is a social allegory set in the future. It describes a
society divided into two classes, the subterranean workers called Morlocks, and the decadent Eloi. This was
followed by many more equally successful novels which combine, in varying degrees, political satire,
warnings about the dangerous new powers of science, and a desire to foresee a possible future. Wells's
preoccupation with society, as well as just science, distinguishes him from many other writers of the time.
Another group of his stories evokes in comic and realistic style the lower middle-class world of his
youth. The History of Mr Polly, which he wrote in 1910, recounts the adventures of Alfred Polly, an inefficient
shopkeeper, who liberates himself by burning down his own shop and bolting for freedom, which he
discovers as an odd-job man at the Potwell Inn. Among his other novels, Ann Veronica (which he wrote in
1909) is a feminist story about a girl who defies her father and conventional morality by running off with the
man she loves. Tono-Bungay, also written in 1909, is a picture of English society in dissolution. It shows the
rise of a new rich class of tradesmen, embodied in the character of Uncle Ponderevo, a self-made man who
is selling a worthless patent medicine.
Despite the fact that to critics his novels eventually began to show less creativity, Wells continued to reach a
huge audience. His many works on the theme of scientific and political speculation confirmed his position as
one of the great popular writers and one of the most influential voices of his age. The pessimism of his last
prediction, Mind at the End of its Tether, which he wrote in 1945, may be seen in the context of his own illhealth and the course of the Second World War. One of his last statements urged man to confront his 'grave
and tragic' destiny with dignity and without hysteria.

TEST 1, Part 3
Interviewer: Ann, why did you go to British Columbia in the first place?
Ann: Well, my friend Christine and I were on our way to a remote ski lodge. I'm an outdoor enthusiast and a
good skier and I was thinking of working at the lodge as a cook for the winter season. My real intention was
to see if the wild, untamed location was right for me. So I'd decided to hike to the interview, rather than take
the usual helicopter ride in, and Christine had come along for the adventure. We drove off the highway onto
a steep dirt road in the mountainous area of Revelstoke, and we parked my four-wheel drive vehicle by the
trail entrance. We knew it would be a six-hour hike up the mountain and across a glacier to the lodge.
Interviewer: And did you realize that there were bears in the mountains?
Ann: Oh, yes. I'd even strapped a can of bear repellent to a holster on my hip just in case! It'd been given
to me by a company I'd done some fieldwork for in the past. I'd never used it but I knew we'd be crossing

creeks where bears were known to feed. The hike began well enough. It was a slow, uphill stroll, through
coniferous mountain forest. But then, it started to rain, and despite our wet-weather gear, we were soon
drenched to the skin. Eventually, the trail narrowed into a thin, overgrown path through steep and rocky
terrain. We crawled over large rocks and jumped across shallow creeks.
Interviewer: So what happened next?
Ann: Well, along the way, we were talking loudly to alert the bears to our presence. We spotted bear
droppings and we noticed that there were no berries anywhere around. It occurred to me that the bears
must be having a hard time finding food. About three hours into our journey, we climbed over a ridge and
came to an alpine meadow above the treeline. The view was spectacular. Through a low-lying fog, the land
glowed with the changing colours of early autumn. Then, suddenly we spotted them. A grizzly and her two
cubs were about 200 metres away.
Interviewer: You must have been terrified!
Ann: Actually I wasn't frightened at the time. I'd lived in bear country and I knew that unless they're
surprised, they run away from humans but not this time! It took us a few moments to realize that the bears
were running towards us. There were no trees to climb so we had limited options. I told Christine not to run.
I remembered that if you run, bears think you're easy prey. We walked down a bank out of sight of the
grizzly but we knew it was in vain. Then I remembered the bear spray. I unlatched it from its holster and
pulled back the safety clip. The bank blocked our view as we waited. Then I noticed the bear's head rearing
up over the ridge. I knew I had only one chance to do it right so I waited until the very last minute and then
pressed the trigger. The bear reeled as the spray hit its target and it ran right past us both. I had only one
thought on my mind: 'Let's get out of here!' We were soaking wet and really shaken by the encounter. Then I
remembered the owners of the lodge. They had said they might hike down the trail and meet us. If we didn't
show up, the owners might actually walk as far as the meadow and run into the bears themselves.
Interviewer: I'm not sure if I would have managed to think so clearly in a situation like that!
Ann: We tried to work out what to do. The way to the lodge was uphill across a glacier and neither of us
wanted to walk back into the meadow, so we started to hike back to our vehicle. I lost my footing at one
stage and slipped down the rock side. We were exhausted. At one stage we wondered if we'd ever get back
at all. But eventually we made it and started to drive very carefully down the winding mountain road. Just
before we got to the main road, I saw a man cutting wood. We stopped the car and almost fell into his arms.
When we told him what had happened, he laughed in disbelief. But he soon realized that we'd had a lucky
escape.
Interviewer: And what about the job at the ski lodge?
Ann: Now that's an interesting question! I accepted it and while I was working there I met a man from
Colorado whom I'm now planning to marry!

TEST 1, Part 4
Speaker 1
My mother had a grocery business. When I was a teenager, she asked a fellow trader if I could have a job
and I ended up working with his sons on their farm. It was hard, physical work, I can tell you: cultivating and
picking the crops at the end of the year, loading them and taking them to market. I did the job for a good
three or four years and really enjoyed it right up until I decided to become a professional footballer. I loved
the country, but the sprouts were particularly vulnerable to pests ruining the crop and I remember myself
being out in the open air for hours with a knapsack-sprayer. All that hard physical work added to my speed
on the field and, even though I already had a strong back, it helped develop my muscles. Knowing what it is
to do a day's manual work helps people understand the effort involved and how important it is to learn a
trade or vocation and why using your brain is so important.
Speaker 2
I played in a band and one week, I spent all my rent money paying for the band's rehearsal venue. The
other members were all going to pay me back but didn't give me the money in time. I had to somehow get
the money together for the rent. My flatmates and I had loads of second-hand clothes and we'd heard that a
new street market was being set up. So we went down and got a stall just a few pitches back from the front.
We took just over 300. The rent was 250 a week, so we were quids in. We decided to go back the next
morning and caught the night bus at 3 a.m to get the front stall and almost doubled what we had made

before. It wasn't part of my agenda to become a fashion designer. But, without that lucky break that
Saturday morning, I wouldn't have had my own label or the vintage festivals I put on. I owe the street market
a lot it's part of my DNA.

Speaker 3
The first proper job I got was in a garage when I was 14. I did it in the summer for about five weeks. My
father thought it would be a great idea because I was really into bikes. In the beginning it was daunting
because I was very young and not used to the banter that goes on in garages. I remember the first three or
four days being hard but then I started to really get into it. It seemed to be an endless round of dumping oil
out of engines, but making tea was the key thing, the engine of the garage. That was my big role. Getting
the tea allocation right was essential some guys wanted it strong or milky, one wanted three sugars. If you
made a mistake you wouldn't hear the end of it all day. I don't think I ever got paid. I think my parents said:
'If you take him on, he'll do it for free.' I liked motorbikes. Dad said if I had a motorbike, I'd got to be able to
fix it.
Speaker 4
When I was seventeen, I took a job playing the harp at a rather expensive local restaurant. I was a music
student at the time. I wish I could say I was a desirable commodity, but there was no job advertised. I just
called in one day. I had a chat with the general manager, played for him, and was offered a job. It was a real
culture shock because I was used to playing at concerts where people were quiet, but there were people
moving around, clashing cutlery, eating and talking. And that's not to mention the number of times I was
asked out. It was a really fun job. But I don't play anymore. When I had my daughter, Miranda, I started to
write cookery books because she was a terrible eater and that kicked off a whole new career.
Speaker 5
Most young people's first part-time job is a daytime thing, but, for me, it was an evening at a local radio
station playing music. Before that, I used to do public speaking at school and I also played the trumpet in
the school band, so I was used to a little bit of the limelight. I decided to give it a go and managed to talk
myself into a job introducing a two-hour programme called Night Music and I would read out sponsored
adverts during the programme. When I started, I was excited by the atmosphere and the technology. I used
to play jazz and a bit of light classical music. I was pretty adept at reading the sleeve notes to something I
was playing so I could pretend I knew what I was talking about. But I became very disciplined and soon
picked up how not to waffle, to be succinct, to keep links short, and to try and ensure that people tuned in to
listen to the music.
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TEST 2
TEST 2, Part 1
Extract 1
For those of you who love travelling by train, there are some great short breaks on offer. Next time you plan
a day out or a short break away, North East Railways would like to tempt you with a fantastic new selection
of promotions and fares. We have teamed up with the local tourist authorities to provide major discounts at
key tourist attractions in selected lively, historic cities. We are also offering excellent rates at many city
hotels, and a hire-car raildrive offer will allow you to explore the countryside at your leisure.
Want to travel to the celebrated Scottish cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow? We have a host of money-off
vouchers, including half-price entry into some of the best attractions in town. The promotion runs until the
end of March. Discount vouchers are available from our Travel Centres when booking, or at the Tourist
Board on arrival. These promotions offer terrific savings, but you will enjoy even more benefits if you take

advantage of our selection of 'Fab-four' fares valid until 6 January. There's a return fare for just 49 for two,
three or four people travelling between Edinburgh and Aberdeen or Inverness in standard accommodation.
This fare offers exceptional savings by bringing the cost down to less than 12.50 per person when four
people travel together.

Extract 2
Man: Did you hear how much that Czanne painting went for at Sotheby's the other day?
Woman: About twelve million, wasn't it?
Man: Twelve million indeed! Just think what we could do with that!
Woman: Yes, we could buy a Czanne!
Man: That's not the point. We could do something far more worthwhile than that. No work of art can be
worth that exorbitant amount of money.
Woman: Oh, come off it! You know very well that it's all a question of supply and demand.
Man: Well, it didn't help those guys when they were alive. They died in poverty as far as I can make out. It
was only after their deaths that they became anything like famous. Anyway, the whole thing goes much
deeper than that. If you ask me, it's a kind of intellectual snobbery.
Woman: How do you mean?
Man: It's a sort of 'must have' philosophy. Nothing to do with the so-called aesthetic beauty of the product
more an off-shoot of compulsive consumerism.
Woman: So you won't be wanting the Picasso I've bought you for your birthday then?
Man: Come again?
Woman: Don't get too excited. It's only a print! But I can always take it back to the shop where I bought it.
Man: Oh, I wouldn't dream of putting you to all that trouble after such a generous gesture. I'd like to see it
first!
Extract 3
In 1986, Mike Hatcher, a veteran Australian salvage expert, won acclaim for recovering gold and Chinese
porcelain from a Dutch ship that sank off Indonesia in 1752. The gold and other artefacts raised $20m at
auction and changed forever the way maritime treasures are sold to the public. In the sale, the shipwreck
was made the focus of publicity. Captain Mike Hatcher was promoted as a swashbuckling treasure-hunter.
The results were startling. The public displayed a Titanic-like fascination for the melancholy of a lost ship.
Twenty thousand people poured into the sale room and many of them had queued for two-and-a-half
hours in the rain. The treasures reached four or five times the reserve price.
In 2000, another exciting find occurred. Chinese porcelain, most of which was in an impeccable condition,
was recovered from the Tek Sing, a large ocean-going Chinese junk, which had sunk, with its cargo and
1,850 people aboard, almost two hundred years before it was raised from the seabed. When the porcelain
finally came onto the market, a company called Auctions in Germany hosted the sale of the Tek
Singtreasures. The sale was a worldwide event, with bidding taking place on the Internet. And, like the
Dutch ship's cargo in the '80s, the story of how the porcelain was raised from the sea floor was a key part of
the auction's marketing strategy.

TEST 2, Part 2
Presenter: Lynn Jones now reports on a new scheme for offenders.
Lynn: This is a scheme which gives offenders a chance to make amends for some of the wrongs they've
done. It's based on the idea of community service. The offenders are guilty of a range of offences, from
benefits fraud to drink-driving and assault, and they work as unpaid helpers. In fact, they form part of a
hidden 'army', if you like, of more than 50,000 workers. Last year alone they carried out eight million hours
of unpaid work. The offenders serve what are known as community punishment orders. These may be
imposed by magistrates or judges at crown courts for a period of between 40 and 240 hours.
The offenders themselves work under the supervision of the probation service on a wide variety of projects
from creating sensory gardens to taking disabled people shopping; they clear waterways and they
redecorate the homes of victims of crime: you name it, they do it.

These schemes can make a huge difference to the community. Help is often focused on the vulnerable and
needy like 93-year-old Mary Rose. She lived alone in a bungalow situated at the end of a quiet road next to
a footpath, and this made her an easy target for burglars. Offenders have helped to plant prickly hedges in
her garden as a deterrent to attackers, and they've helped her redecorate her home after she was burgled.
Of course, I hear you say, this kind of direct contact between offenders and victims is rare. True, but
probation officers believe it allows offenders to make reparation and it reduces the fear of crime among
victims. As far as the offenders are concerned, the schemes offer them a chance to use and develop
practical skills. They also keep them out of prison, where they might otherwise become more hardened
criminals.
The schemes are many and varied. One in particular that I'd like to pick out took place in West Yorkshire
and was aimed at helping people with special needs. It even caught the imagination of the Bishop of
Wakefield, who used a canal narrow boat operated by the local probation service for a three-day pastoral
pilgrimage through the diocese. Community service workers became involved in this particular project in
1993. The probation service bought a narrow boat called the Lady Rhodes. Their aim was to provide
recreational trips for people in a wheelchair. Offenders adapted the boat with lifts, ramps and a toilet, and
the boat went into service the following year. Within four years, the boat was carrying 1,750 passengers
each season, and the probation service had signed an agreement with British Waterways to clear the
surrounding towpaths. Today, they actually have five boats: two are used for waterways clearance and the
others for passenger trips. In fact, up to 3,000 people travel on the boats each year. They also lay on trips in
the summer for school children at risk of offending. This has led to an amazing 30 per cent reduction in the
crime rate over the school holidays. What has been achieved is remarkable. By clearing the towpaths,
offenders have opened up the waterways to walkers, cyclists, wheelchair-users and people with baby
buggies. And, at the same time, they've given people who would otherwise have had no prospect of going
on the waterways a fantastic day out.
So by bringing disparate groups together, these schemes can and do increase understanding of how other
people live. Now, this obviously doesn't stop offenders offending, but what is impressive is how often
offenders are stopped in their tracks and start thinking about the community, and not just themselves.
For people like Mary Rose, memories of seeing a dark figure steal out of her bedroom in the middle of the
night will always remain. But what the work done by people on community punishment orders has achieved
is removing the terror of being a victim and giving everyone a new sense of optimism.
TEST 2, Part 3
Interviewer: Daphne, where did your idea for the charity cycle ride originate?
Daphne: Actually, as far as the cycling's concerned, for a short period when I was thirteen I cycled to
school, but since then, over the course of thirty years, I'd had no interest in bikes whatsoever. But browsing
through a Soil Association magazine, I read about the Great Organic Bike Ride and decided to participate.
Why? Well, it was a personal challenge, but above all it was a way of raising money for The Soil
Association, which needs funds to help increase the amount of home-grown organic food. At present, just
three per cent of UK farmland is organic. I mean, seventy per cent of our organic food has to be imported. I
thought participating in the bike ride would give me the opportunity to tell more and more people about the
importance of organic food production, and I thought 'cycling couldn't be that hard, could it?'
Interviewer: Tell us a little bit about the ride itself.
Daphne: Well, the ride took place in May, and the participants rode from Bilbao to Barcelona. Helen
Simmons from the Soil Association (who also participated) brilliantly organized the UK end of the trip, but
once in Spain, a specialist tour operator took over. They focus mainly on walking and biking holidays.
Anyway, the participants met for the first time in the P&O ferry departure terminal at Portsmouth. Everyone
kept their thoughts to themselves, but we were all thinking the same thing: did I train enough? Can I do it?
Interviewer: Had you actually done a lot of training?
Daphne: It certainly felt as if I had! At the time I was preoccupied with saddle soreness. I'd done one
serious practice ride in the UK which resulted in an excruciatingly painful behind. It had actually prevented
me from climbing on to the bike the following day. And now I was about to ride for five consecutive days!
Interviewer: So what happened when you arrived in Bilbao?
Daphne: We arrived early in the morning, raring to go. And we were soon able to try out our bikes for the
first time. Apart from a minor panic attack, when I realized that the gears were different from the model I
owned, I became quite attached to the new bike. The next morning we set out on a quiet cycle path to
Vitoria, where we were greeted by the mayor, who provided us with a police escort through the town then

we were really on our way. The route was through delightful countryside with pretty villages. The scenery
seduced us into thinking that this was not going to be difficult at all. So when we arrived at the first long
steep hill I realized that no training had prepared me for this. It rose to a summit of 1,100 metres. After lunch
the descent was steep and dangerous. But we then cycled through vineyards.
Interviewer: Presumably you were able to rest in the evenings?
Daphne: Thankfully, yes. We spent the second night in a hostel opposite a fairy-tale castle. In the evening
mist, you half expected Rapunzel to let down her hair from the one and only window at the top of the tower.
But we ran into all sorts of problems after that. From backache, knee ache, sunstroke, fatigue, punctures,
low spirits and wrong turnings, we all suffered in one way or another. The last day was not particularly long,
but hard work. I had neither eaten well the evening before nor slept well during the night, so the morning
ride was quite a struggle. But Carlos, our Spanish guide, had laid out a picnic, using local organic
ingredients. The food revived me. There was one more gruelling stretch before we eventually reached our
destination. A feeling of jubilation began to creep over us as we cycled along, with our goal firmly in sight.
Interviewer: And did you all make it?
Daphne: We certainly did and we achieved our aim. Both companies and individuals generously
supported the Great Organic Bike Ride. This enabled us to raise over 20,000 for the Soil Association. The
aching limbs and patches of sunburn faded, leaving only pleasant memories, and the resolve to one day get
back into the saddle.
Interviewer: And is that likely to happen?
Daphne: It may well be next year. The Soil Association are thinking about another bike ride this time in
Britain!

TEST 2, Part 4
Speaker 1
The night before a concert, pianists often run the entire performance through in their heads, not sitting at
the piano. Everyone has moments of forgetting, of course. They're rare but it's a natural part of being a
musician. The skill is to know the piece so well that you can improvise for split second. With experience, you
learn to be calm and self-sufficient and, as long as you improvise in the style of the piece, no one notices
a thing.
I often tell my students that developing your memory is very much like exercising a muscle. It's not a knack;
it's something you do week in week out. Indeed most of my routine for memorizing a piece of music is very
simple: I practise it like fury. Often pianists find it easier to remember an uptempo very fast and physically
challenging virtuoso piece, because there's so much practice involved. Slower and more minimalist music
takes a different type of memory.
Speaker 2
When you're training for the Knowledge, which qualifies you to drive a London taxi, it takes over your life. I
spent just over two and a half years doing it, during which time I forgot all about watching TV and I didn't
have a social life. You have to remember all of London's 25,000 streets and roads, after all, as well as all
the city's major points of interest. You just keep going over the same thing again and again until it eventually
sinks in. It helps to do it with other Knowledge students; trying to practise with your partner is the quickest
route to a break up. Now, if someone hails my cab and says, 'Take me to Westminster Abbey', I just think,
'OK it's there. What's the most direct route?' Basically you've got as long as it takes for a customer to get
round to the passenger door, open it, and sit down. Do I ever get stumped? Of course, I do. But that's how
you learn, isn't it?
Speaker 3
I would say that I've always had a pretty good memory, but sometimes your memory plays tricks on you.
And there are times when you need a system to remind yourself about things. What usually works best for
me is to make a list. I have them dotted around the office. I don't have to look at them just jotting them
down helps me remember what I want. When I do forget things, for example when I walk into a room to get
something, and I occasionally forget why I've gone there apparently, that in itself just passing through a
doorway into another room can result in you forgetting things, when you change your surroundings, I
mean. Anyway, I just track back my mental process and try to remember what I was thinking about before I

came into the room. It usually works and I can remember why I decided to go there in the first place.
Speaker 4
I can guarantee this to you: every single actor has had a dream of walking on stage on press night and
realizing that they don't know their lines. I find there isn't any trick to learning them. In the theatre, you go
over your lines quite a lot when you rehearse, and you have the blocking process, where you work out
where you'll move on stage, so that puts helpful landmarks in your head. I was taught to keep the script in
my hand for as long as possible, and to keep looking at it when I don't need to. On very rare occasions, I do
forget something on stage, but only for a split second.
Somehow I find the line, or someone will bail me out. I have to bail other people out too. The important thing
about memorizing a part is not to force it. You just want the lines to come out of your mouth as if it were the
first time, every time.
Speaker 5
The rules of the card games I play with my friends state that you're not allowed to write anything down.
Instead, remembering what happened is one of the skills of the game. Novices do struggle at first. It's like
when you learn to drive; a lot of the work happens during training. A common mistake is to try and
remember every card that's played. As you learn, you become adept at thinking in terms of shapes and
patterns. But what I find works for me is saying the sequence in my head. I don't find myself forgetting very
often but when it happens, I put my cards on the table and decide I'm not going to be hurried. I reconstruct
everything I can, right back to the beginning, to see if I can make sense of it. That usually works, although it
may test the patience of my opponents. There may be some wry smiles, but they've all been there
themselves.
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TEST 3
TEST 3, Part 1
Extract 1
The first mathematical models of avalanche dynamics were proposed in the mid-1950s. And today, there
are very sophisticated computer simulations of different consistencies of snow flowing down mountainsides
and not just snow. A fair-sized avalanche has ample energy to smash a dense forest of spruce or fir trees
and carry the timber down with it. Large areas of Alpine forest were destroyed in 1999, the worst avalanche
season since 1951. Trees can stabilize snow on steep slopes above villages, but they can't stop an
avalanche in full flow that's started higher up the mountain.
The mathematical models show that more voluminous objects tend to rise to the surface during an
avalanche, through the process of 'squeeze expulsion'. This suggests that a skier would stand a better
chance of survival if he or she could inflate a large air-bag to prevent burial in the snow. However, airbags
are not routine survival equipment for today's back-country skiers. My advice for anyone caught in an
avalanche is to jettison your backpack and ski-sticks and then 'swim' hard upwards, trying to stay as close
as possible to the snow surface. Once the avalanche stops, you punch a large air pocket in front of your
face.
Extract 2
Man: Did you see that sign for a new housing development just down the road on the right-hand side? I
can't believe they're building even more houses and in an area backing onto the green belt, too! Soon we
won't even have a speck of greenery around us.
Woman: Well, people have to have somewhere to live. I don't really see how you can object. After all,
young people need housing.
Man: Look, it's got nothing to do with providing essential housing for young people. No young person could
afford to live there. Have you seen the kind of prices they'd be charging? No, it's got more to do with

property developers making a big, fat profit.

Woman: Fair enough, but someone's got to build the houses. We could certainly get by without property
developers, but not builders. But if you really feel so strongly about it, you could always take action.
Man: Well, I take your first point, but how do you mean, 'take action'?
Woman: You could join a non-violent protest group. Apparently, they've had a lot of success in the past
stopping speculative building.
Man: I hope you're not suggesting that that would be the way forward for me!
Woman: Not necessarily. I just happened to read an article in the paper about it the other day and it struck
me as one way of making your views felt!
Man: Oh, no. I'm far too busy doing other things!
Extract 3
It's funny how memories from the past come back in all sorts of ways. For me, however, it's particular smells
that send my mind racing back to childhood. And one of the most pungent reminders is the smell of
lavender, which was a favourite Christmas gift for elderly ladies in the family, as well as being a heady smell
in summer gardens. But while it's true that lavender was once only found on grandmothers' dressing tables,
over the last few years, it has had an image upgrade to become a vital modern cosmetic ingredient and a
desirable fragrance. Nearly all the big high street cosmetic brands have launched extensive lavenderfragranced ranges in the last year. Not only is it good for healing spots and grazes, but a few drops added
to the bath water helps ease away stress and assure a good night's sleep. But be warned. If you want the
therapeutic benefits of lavender as well fragrance, you'll need to read your labels carefully. Lavender's
essential oils oxidize and their fragrance disappears rapidly, so many manufacturers boost their products
with synthetic fragrances. So, if the label mentions 'perfume', it's a clear sign that you're going to get a nicesmelling synthetic, rather than a lavender oil-rich, product.

TEST 3, Part 2
Presenter: The topic of our British artists series today is Joseph Mallord William Turner. Brian Thomas is
here to talk about the artist's early years.
Brian: Well, Turner is quite an interesting character. He was baptised in London on 14 May 1775 at St
Paul's, Covent Garden. His father, who was a barber, had left rural Devonshire some ten years earlier to
seek his fortune in the capital. He'd married Mary Marshall, also at St Paul's on 29 August 1773. Both
Turner's parents came from large families. Mary's elder brother, Joseph Marshall, was a butcher at
Brentford, Middlesex, and the young Turner was sent to stay with him to recuperate from an illness around
1785. It was later reported that Marshall took care of Turner for three years. It was probably while he was
staying with the Marshalls that he first went to Oxford, to visit other, more distant relatives.
Turner's general education was in the hands of a succession of teachers, one of whom was the daughter of
an accomplished artist. Because of this, Turner was exposed at an early age to architectural drawing, and
soon began to show an interest in this field. By the age of 12 he was already making accomplished copies
of prints by reputable artists. The earliest dated copy is of a subject no doubt familiar to the boy, Folly
Bridge, Oxford. The bridge straddled the Thames at the southern limit of Oxford, far outside the city wall,
and had been a favourite with artists because of the eccentric octagonal structure of Friar Bacon's Study,
the mediaeval gatehouse, where the scientist and philosopher, Roger Bacon, who lived in the thirteenth
century, was supposed to have had an observatory. The print offered a challenge to the twelve-year-old
artist, and Turner acquitted himself well. His inability to conceive of the whole is characteristic of the child,
but the components are carefully drawn, and he triumphantly signed and dated his copy on the stones of
the riverbank, 'W. Turner 1787'.
In the summer of 1789, Turner took a sketchbook on his first landscape sketching tour; he was only
fourteen. The aims were modest: to record the appearance of the landmarks in the area. His efforts resulted
in the most remarkable collection of sketches, some of which he worked up to a finished watercolour. There
is evidence of what Turner was like at this awkward age, too. Unlike many of his contemporaries he was
said to be silent, and devoted to drawing. He didn't like the theatre, and had no talent whatsoever for music.
Added to this, he didn't easily make friends. Turner applied to study at the Royal Academy Schools, and
was admitted in 1789. The teaching would have concentrated on life drawing and copies of the old masters,
and records show that Turner attended classes once or twice a week, and was a diligent student. The

immediate result of the beginning of Turner's artistic education was that, when the annual exhibition of the
Royal Academy opened in April 1790, it included a water-colour by the fourteen-year-old artist. After this,
there was no stopping the young Turner. His output between 1795 and 1800 was prodigious and produced
some of the most famous of his works which we can still admire today.
Presenter: Thank you very much, Brian Thomas.

TEST 3, Part 3
Interviewer: Owen, some say your successful career as a film director was born out of turmoil. Would you
agree with that?
Owen: If you call no studio support and working against all the odds turmoil, I'd have to agree with you
there!
Interviewer: But your career breakthrough goes back to the early 1990s, doesn't it? That's when you were
being acclaimed as (and I quote here) 'a highly creative, gifted and technically perfect director'.
Owen: It was the overwhelming success of Task Force that did it. Looking back, it's hard to see how we
managed to get the film made in such precarious circumstances. We experienced every kind of problem
imaginable. Before that, I'd been struggling for some time within the industry getting nowhere fast.
Interviewer: So how did you find the will to make the film?
Owen: My ideas had been getting, well, a frosty reception from the big studios, so I moved to Australia and
began shooting there, on a budget of $8 million. I suppose I'd started to think that I just couldn't fit into the
studio system, and the idea of going it alone became more appealing. Our budget was tight, by Hollywood
standards, so every day was a challenge because there was no back up. You might not be aware that the
movie business is mostly frustration most people don't realize that. You have to get used to more setbacks
than successes. But I was able to say, 'This is my baby', and that in itself is motivating.
Interviewer: So, when you arrived in Australia, did you have any inkling of the success thatTask
Force would become?
Owen: No, it hadn't even crossed my mind. But we were trying hard to do something different. One thing
about doing war films is that you don't often get the intensity of feeling that would really be found on the
front line of a battlefield you know, desperation, irritation, a feeling of anger. War films are normally quite
sanitized, and I didn't want that. So, we hired an expert on outback survival and took the cast deep into the
bush for six weeks. It was tough which was the whole point, you know but I can confirm just how tough it
was because I joined them for most of it. Anyway, it gave the characters a lot more grit and realism.
Interviewer: So it worked, and other directors have since taken up the technique. Reality's now a big selling
point.
Owen: Well, I don't think it had ever been done before, so I guess it was a turning point, in that sense. And
it's always nice to know that colleagues in the industry, on either side of the camera, see your work as
something special and have been influenced by it. That's very gratifying. But most films that are hailed as
turning points aren't. I don't see film, or any other artistic medium for that matter, as working in that way. A
true breakthrough is very rare. The point is that any film-maker tries to go one better so what we get is a
step-by-step development and an emergence of new ideas and techniques. Anyone working in film is part of
that tradition, and it's no secret that I've borrowed liberally from other people's work that's part of what we
do.
Interviewer: And do your films make you reflect more on the world and what goes on in it?
Owen: Reflecting on the world, I suppose, yes. But I try not to dwell on current affairs more on the, er,
bigger picture. Overall, I have a lot faith in people's ability to make the world a better place. And as for my
personal life, things are settled and fine. I have a son who's nine, and twin daughters so things are good.
Interviewer: And can you keep making films with the same intensity, or has age mellowed your concerns
and your approach?
Owen: Good question. It was hard to make a film like Task Force there's nothing wrong with turmoil but
you've got to keep looking for something new and move on, you know.
TEST 3, Part 4
Speaker 1
I became interested in Australia when I went travelling there in my 20s. There was such a laid-back

atmosphere that I thought: 'This is the way I want to feel for ever.' But what with study, getting married and
having children, it was more than 10 years before we decided to up sticks and move here. Thankfully, Max
wanted to emigrate, too, and together we made it happen. We love it here but it's not without its ups and
downs. I was terrified of spiders but I've only seen one deadly Redback in four years, thank goodness. But
you're either missing people like crazy, or they fly in for six long weeks and you end up getting under each
other's feet. And the Australians seem to love their bits of paper even the coffee shop waiters are trained
baristas. It means the service is great but you may not just fall into something straight away. This happened
to me and I ended up writing a guide to living here called Digeridoos And Digeridon'ts.
Speaker 2
We wanted to move to another country so we sold our place and bought two houses near the beach in Italy.
We'd decided to renovate them both, then live in one and rent the other out to holidaymakers. We arrived in
December, planning to survive the first winter without central heating but we couldn't believe how cold it
was! The summers were absolutely fantastic and the highlight of living here. But anyway, we got so caught
up in what we were doing, we took decisions we wouldn't normally have taken and were given some
untrustworthy advice. Unfortunately for us, it turned out that the houses we'd bought had both been built
without planning permission so we had to start applying for permission retrospectively. Although it still hasn't
come through, I've learned that you need to shrug off the stress and believe that it'll get sorted. But don't
think you can live on a shoestring some things are extortionate and unpredictable things happen. So you
need plenty of funds behind you.
Speaker 3
We'd never planned to move to Spain but a few years ago, we went to visit my brother who lives in Moraira.
Right from the word go, we decided we liked the area and the next thing we knew, we were viewing
properties. We've been here for about four years now and have no regrets but it can be hard to let go of the
past. You can't take everything you own with you it can be costly and you may be downsizing. One of the
ways of dealing with this is to hedge your bets and keep a property back home, but that can be expensive. I
hated leaving my children's doll's house but I gave it to friends so it's gone to a good home. You do end up
living in each other's pockets for a while, though. So you have to make an effort. I went to the Town Hall to
see if there were any groups I could join and ended up setting up one of my own.
Speaker 4
I'm American and my English wife and I moved to Texas some years ago. I was offered a promotion and we
really tried to settle in but it wasn't right for her. The lowest point came when she was driving along a lonely,
desert highway through a bleak landscape where little could survive in the 35 degree heat. She told me
she'd thought about all the villages and green fields she'd left behind and felt so homesick that she nearly
started crying. Although she liked the sun, it was just too hot to go outside during the day and we were
eaten alive by mosquitoes at night. But what she found most difficult of all was when she made jokes no
one thought they were funny. She began to realize that there were subtle differences when it comes to what
people might think insignificant and that's often not something you're aware of before moving to another
country. In the end we came home and it was all a bit of a relief.
Speaker 5
Way back, we were going on all these day trips to France and we just fell for the place. We eventually
decided to take the plunge and move here permanently. The people round here are really understanding.
They put up with my schoolgirl French and encouraged me. As my language improved, we made friends. I
knew I'd miss my family and friends but, with all those lovely markets around, I had no idea that I'd miss a
British supermarket. Sometimes you just want a bit of cheese or a particular biscuit you can't find in France!
I recommend getting to know the mayor, though. A French mayor can have a lot of power over your life for
example, if you need planning permission. So it's a good idea to meet him or her as soon as you get the
chance. When we first moved into our place, we didn't need any building work done, but we went to see him
as a courtesy. So if anything did go wrong, he might be happier to help.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

TEST 4
TEST 4, Part 1
Extract 1
Man No history of what is generally known as 'celebrity culture' would be adequate if it didn't have the
magazine Hello! in a prominent position. As far as the UK is concerned, you could make a case for the idea
that without it, celebrity culture would never have gathered the momentum that it did in the 1990s. For a
number of years, it ruled the celebrity magazine market, carrying all before it, until the inevitable arrival of
imitators and rivals competing to satisfy the public's apparently limitless desire to read about the lives of the
rich and famous.
What marked Hello! out when it first appeared, the key point about it, was that for the first time, coverage of
the private lives of the rich and famous didn't focus on scandal, on exposing the grubbier side of their lives
that celebrities would have liked to keep hidden. Quite the reverse. It put the celebrities it covered on a
pedestal, treating them with unquestioning respect, picturing them in high-quality photos that showed them
in their best light and showed off their homes, and asking them the sort of bland questions their biggest fans
might have asked; in short, portraying them in just the way they would most like to be portrayed.

Extract 2
Audio script
Interviewer Everybody tells lies, don't they, even people who pride themselves on their honesty?
Psychologist Well, certainly all the evidence points to that. You can disapprove of lying but still do it
yourself, just like everyone else. Just to quote from a couple of bits of research, one asked a group of
people how often they deliberately misled people in a week and by their own admission they averaged one
and a half times a day, and another researcher found that when two people meet for the first time, they lie to
each other three times inside the first ten minutes of meeting.
Interviewer Yes, but I suppose what you can conclude from this kind of information very much depends on
what definition of 'lying' is being used, doesn't it? I mean, if someone embroiders the truth a bit, or
exaggerates to make themselves look better or more interesting, does that count?
Psychologist Yes it does, because lying is any act of saying something you know not to be true. It doesn't
have to be damaging or serious to qualify, it just has to be wilful misleading of someone else. And
everybody does that sometimes, though of course some people do it an awful lot more than others, and in
some cases the repercussions are far worse than in others.

Extract 3

Man Self-help books are an extraordinary publishing phenomenon of the modern age, selling millions and
millions of copies and making millions and millions of dollars for their publishers and authors. Clearly, they
meet a massive need among people, but an objective view of them leads me to question the whole point of
them. As far as I can tell, they mostly pump out simple and essentially meaningless messages of the 'I am
me and I am OK' variety. What does that sort of thing really mean and what use is it to anyone?
These books are just telling people what they want to hear, not encouraging them to confront the harsh
realities of life. They're a comfort zone. And they're packed with 'heart-warming' stories and examples,
calculated to play on people's sentimental streak, making them feel good about themselves and their ability
to feel strong emotions. It's all so bogus, and they give people the wrong impression that their lives can
become whatever they want them to be if they simply follow some simplistic slogans. You can't argue with
the sales figures, but surely this bizarre trend can't continue forever. One day people will wise up and
realize that the route to happiness does not lie in a book with a title likeThe Easy Way to
Happiness and Total Fulfilment. Real life is much harder than that.

TEST 4, Part 2
Woman In our series about parks around the world, I'm looking today at King's Park, in the city of Perth in
Australia. It's an enormous park and it gives fantastic views of the city and of the pleasure boats down
below on the Swan River. Just to give British listeners an idea of the size of King's Park, it's three times as
big as the famous Hyde Park in central London. The park has a long history, going way back before settlers
ever came here. Back then, it was in the territory of the Wadjuk tribe, one of the tribes of native people in
the south-west part of Western Australia. For those original inhabitants, the area was where their
ceremonies took place, as well as being a place where the trees were sources of food, medicine and tools.
Although a third of it is given over to gardens and recreation, the rest of it is still natural bushland and in that
natural bushland there are 450 native plant species and around 80 bird species. It's the plant species that
I'm going to talk about first, mainly the trees. These days, the different tree species are labelled for visitors.
Just to look at them, some of them might not appear to be particularly useful in any way. But the Wadjuk
people knew different.
One species, the saltbush, for example, certainly has its uses. It draws salt out of the ground, which is why
it is often planted in saline areas, and when it is fed to lambs it produces particularly tender meat. Another
tree, the boab, has a distinctive bottle shape, but it has it uses too, because its seeds are a good source of
vitamin C. And then there's another tree that can be found in abundance in the park the Western
Australian peppermint tree. If you take the long, narrow leaves of that tree, you can make an oil that will act
as a natural cough medicine if you rub it on a child's chest. These days it's also used to flavour fish in the
restaurants down in the city.
One of the more widespread plant species in King's Park is the grass tree, and this one had a number of
uses to the Wadjuk people. The stems provided supports for shelters and when they had been dried they
were used as firelighting sticks. The trunk provided a resin that was used for making tools, because it acted
as a kind of glue, fixing the parts together. The leaves had an astonishing variety of uses they could be
eaten, they could be used for making bedding and shelter, and they could be used as an antidote to the
poison of a snake bite.
If you go to the park's Water Garden Pavilion, you can see a plant called the coastal sword sedge. This one
has a shoot that tastes like an artichoke and it is also used for making baskets. But its main significance is
that it is only found where there is fresh water. If you were to find yourself lost in the Australian bush, this
might come in very useful indeed. Look for the plant and dig.
When it came to the trees in the area, the Wadjuk people would practise what is now called 'sustainability'
long before the word was ever used. When they had got maximum use from the trees in a particular group
of trees, they would burn them all, knowing that this would enable them to grow again and once again be of
maximum use. Fire is of course widely used all over the world for this reason nowadays, but it's not really
possible to do it in a city park.
So, there is a vast array of tree and plant species in King's Park, with a wide variety of uses both for the
Wadjuk in the past and for people nowadays. Now, I'm going to move on to talk about the birds that can be
found in the park ...

TEST 4, Part 3
Interviewer Anna Jackson is my guest now, and she'll be presenting a programme on Thursday evening
about people who collect things. Well, that description doesn't really do justice to the people in Anna's
programme. When it comes to collecting, there are collectors, who like to build up large collections of

something, and then there are what you might call obsessives, who have to collect every single one of
something. Anna, it's the latter you're focusing on in the series, isn't it?
Anna That's right, the programme is all about 'completists'. I prefer that to 'obsessives'. It's not pejorative or
judgmental.
Interviewer OK.
Anna Actually, 'completists' used to be a term applied purely to people in Britain who collected jazz records
and who were so keen on one particular artist that they spent their time trying to get every single recording
that musician had made. But nowadays it applies to anyone who collects something with the intention of
acquiring everything of that kind that's in existence, whatever it is.
Interviewer Now I guess an awful lot of people collect something at some point in their lives, but they don't
go for it with the single-minded determination of the people you focus on in the programme do they?
Anna No, these people are at what you might call the extreme end of collecting.
Interviewer Did they tell you how they got into this situation, what moved them into what you call the
extreme end of collecting?
Anna Well, I asked them all about that, of course, it's an obvious question and what they all seemed to
have in common was that they started off just collecting these things with no particular aim except to have a
collection of things they liked, and then at one point it dawned on them that they could get the lot.
Interviewer So they didn't start out as completists ...
Anna No, but they reached a point that separated them from 'ordinary collectors,' a point where their lives
became dedicated to having a complete collection. I guess there must be some deep psychological reason
for that, why that happens to some people and not others, but that wasn't something I explored in the
programme.
Interviewer And I suppose these people have to have a lot of time on their hands to be able to pursue such
an interest?
Anna Well, that's true up to a point, but in fact one thing I did find was that they all mentioned the role
played by the internet in turning them from collectors to completists. Whereas in the past they'd have had to
dedicate enormous amounts of time to looking around for more things to add to their collections, now they
can do it fairly quickly with internet research. And the other thing about the internet was that it has enabled
them to widen their search to anywhere in the world. So at some point, they all realized that it wasn't
unrealistic to think that they could complete their collections, and this helped convince them to go for it.
Interviewer Now, the things these people collect are a bit odd aren't they, though I suppose that's not
entirely surprising granted that we're talking about people whose lives have been taken over by collecting,
meaning that they're not like the rest of us ...
Anna Well, there's nothing especially odd about the people themselves, they're just like you and me except
that they happen to have an all-consuming hobby, a passion. Lots of people have hobbies and passions of
one kind or another.
Interviewer But you found one man who's trying to collect the complete set of railway timetables produced
by one particular company in the 1800s. Most people would think that was a peculiar thing to dedicate your
time to, wouldn't they?
Anna Well, I'm not sure about that. Certainly, the intention of the programme is not to make fun of these
people at all, there's no question of trying to get easy laughs at their expense or holding them up to ridicule.
I think viewers will be fascinated by the collections shown in the programme and I don't think they'll regard

the completists as silly or mad or anything like that. I have nothing but admiration for their dedication and
the programme treats them with the utmost respect.
Interviewer Well, it's a fascinating subject and I heartily recommend the programme. It's called More Than
A Collection, and it's on at 9 on Thursday. Anna, thanks for talking to me.
Anna My pleasure.

TEST 4, Part 4
Man Of course I left many years ago, but I go back from time to time to visit friends and family. It's not a
place that people in general know much about, it doesn't get much publicity, that's all for much trendier
places. But it's very much got its own character; it's unique in many ways, from the look of the old buildings
to the sense of humour of the people. Of course, I had to leave, I needed to get on with my professional life
and I couldn't do that there, but I feel that's a shame in many ways. There are things about it that I miss.
Woman The last time I went back there I hardly recognized it, the whole place has been transformed. Not
for the better I must say. It was never the nicest place to live if I'm honest, and I didn't see anything to make
me change that view. There are new shopping centres and roads everywhere, and I guess that must appeal
to some of the people who live there, but it leaves me cold. I know a lot of people get nostalgic about their
home town after they've been away from it for a while, but that's not a feeling I can work up at all, I'm afraid.
Man I don't go back there all that often, I have no real reason to, but when I was there fairly recently it
struck me that it was as if I had never been away. The place seemed to be frozen in time, all the familiar
landmarks, no signs of the arrival of progress or catching up with the times. It all seemed to belong to a
bygone era, and actually I didn't mind that it was rather comforting in a way. When everything else seems
to move on all the time and nothing stands still, it's rather nice to go back to somewhere where nothing ever
happens.
Woman It's not exactly what you'd call a fashionable place, not one that's got a lot to offer the young and
ambitious. That's why so many of them leave at the first opportunity. It's always been very conventional and
set in its ways, and I think people are right when they point out its shortcomings. There are worse places,
for sure, and it suits the older people who live there, but it doesn't have much 'life' no real spirit, none of
the things that make a town a really good place to live when you're younger. But it's pleasant enough, and I
have some good memories of my childhood there.
Man Not so long ago, the place was full of factories and densely populated with working people, and people
who didn't live there would say, 'Oh, what a horrible place that must be to live in', which used to make me
very cross, because they were just being snobbish, and in fact growing up there was great. People still say
that now, even though the factories have gone and been replaced by gleaming office blocks. I'm always
amazed when I see it now it's hard to believe it's the same place. I hardly know it any more and the place I
grew up in has gone, more or less. Still, everything changes, I guess.