105

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol.12, 2016

University of New Mexico

Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

Debabrata Mandal
Department of Mathematics, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, Hooghly-712258, India, dmandaljumath@gmail.com

Abstract. In this paper, we have introduced neutrosophic

hyperideals of a semihyperring and considered some op-

erations on them to study its basic notions and properties.

Keywords: Cartesian Product, Composition, Ideal, Intersection, Neutrosophic, Semihyperrimg.

1 Introduction
Hyperrings extend the classical notion of rings, substituting both or only one of the binary operations of addition
and multiplication by hyperoperations. Hyperrings were introduced by several authors in dierent ways. If only the
addition is a hyperoperation and the multiplication is a binary operation, then we say that R is a Krasner hyperring
[4]. Davvaz [5] has dened some relations in hyperrings
and proved isomorphism theorems. For a more comprehensive introduction about hyperrings, we refer to [9]. As a
generalization of a ring, semiring was introduced by Vandiver [17] in 1934. A semiring is a structure ( R;;;0)
with two binary operations and such that ( R;;0) is
a commutative semigroup, ( R;) a semigroup, multiplication is distributive from both sides over addition and
0 x 0 x 0 for all x R . In [18], Vougiouklis
generalizes the notion of hyperring and named it as semihyperring, where both the addition and multiplication are
hyperoperation. Semihyperrings are a generalization of
Krasner hyperrings. Note that a semiring with zero is a
semihyperring. Davvaz in [12] studied the notion of semihyperrings in a general form.
Hyperstructures, in particular hypergroups, were introduced in 1934 by Marty [11] at the eighth congress of
Scandinavian Mathematicians. The notion of algebraic hyperstructure has been developed in the following decades
and nowadays by many authors, especially Corsini [2, 3],
Davvaz [5, 6, 7, 8, 9], Mittas [12], Spartalis [15], Stratigopoulos [16] and Vougiouklis [19]. Basic denitions and
notions concerning hyperstructure theory can be found in
[2].
The concept of a fuzzy set, introduced by Zadeh in his
classical paper [20], provides a natural framework for generalizing some of the notions of classical algebraic struc-

tures.As a generalization of fuzzy sets, the intuitionistic

fuzzy set was introduced by Atanassov [1] in 1986, where
besides the degree of membership of each element there
was considered a degree of non-membership with (membership value + non-membership value) 1. There are also
several well-known theories, for instances, rough sets,
vague sets, interval-valued sets etc. which can be considered as mathematical tools for dealing with uncertainties.
In 2005, inspired from the sport games (winning/tie/
defeating), votes, from (yes /NA /no),from decision making(making a decision/ hesitating/not making), from (accepted /pending /rejected) etc. and guided by the fact that
the law of excluded middle did not work any longer in the
modern logics, F. Smarandache [14] combined the nonstandard analysis [8,18] with a tri-component logic/set/probability theory and with philosophy and introduced Neutrosophic set which represents the main distinction between fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy logic/set. Here
he included the middle component, i.e., the neutral/ indeterminate/ unknown part (besides the truth/membership
and falsehood/non-membership components that both appear in fuzzy logic/set) to distinguish between absolute
membership and relative membership or absolute nonmembership and relative non-membership.
Using this concept, in this paper, we have dened neutrosophic ideals of semihyperrings and study some of its basic
properties.
2 Preliminaries
Let H be a non-empty set and let P(H ) be the set of all
non-empty subsets of H . A hyperoperation on H is a
map : H H P( H ) and the couple ( H ,) is
called a hypergroupoid.
If A and B are non-empty subsets of H and x H ,
then we denote A B a b ,

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

aA,bB

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

0 AT ( x) A I ( x) A F ( x) 3 . From philosophx A {x} A and A x A {x} . A hypergroupoid

the value
( H ,) is called a semihypergroup if for all x, y, z H ical point of view, the neutrosophic set takes

we have ( x y) z x ( y z ) which means that from real standard or non-standard subsets of ]0,1[ . But
u z xv.
in real life application in scientific and engineering probux y
vy z

A semihyperring is an algebraic structure ( R;;) which

satisfies the following properties:
(i) ( R;) is a commutative semihypergroup

(ii) ( R;) is a semihypergroup

(iii) Multiplication is distributive with respect to hyperoperation
+ that is
x ( y z) x y x z ,

(x y) z x z y z
(iv) 0 x 0 x 0 for all x R.

lems it is difficult to use neutrosophic set with value from

real standard or non-standard subset of ]0,1[ . Hence we

consider the neutrosophic set which takes the value from
the subset of [0, 1].
Throughout this section unless otherwise mentioned R
denotes a semihyperring.

Definition 3.2. Let

T (x) , I (x) or F (x) not equal to

x R ).Then is called a neutrosophic

( R;;) is called commutative if and only if a b b a for all a, b R .

of R if
Vougiouklis in [18] and Davvaz in [6] studied the notion
of semihyperrings in a general form, i.e., both the sum and
product are hyperoperations.

( R;;) with identity 1R R means

that 1R x x 1R x for all x R .
An element x R is called unit if there exists
y R such that 1R x y y x .
A nonempty subset S of a semihyperring ( R;;) is
called a sub-semihyperring if a b S and a b S
for all a, b S . A left hyperideal of a semihyperring R
is a non-empty subset I of R satisfying
(i) If a, b I then a b I
(ii) If a I and s R then s a I
(iii) I R.
A right hyperideal of R is defined in an analogous manner
and an hyperideal of R is a nonempty subset which is both
a left hyperideal and a right hyperideal of R .

(i)
(ii)

A semihyperring

For more results on semihyperrings and neutrosophic sets

we refer to [6, 10] and [14] respectively.
3. Main Results

Definition 3.1. [14] A neutrosophic set A on the universe of discourse X is defined as

AT , A I , A F : X ] 0,1[

( T , I , F ) be a non empty

neutrosophic subset of a semihyperring R (i.e. anyone of

A semihyperring

A { x : AT ( x), A I ( x), A F ( x) , x X }

where
and

zero for some

left hyperideal

inf T ( z ) min{ T ( x), T ( y )},

zx y

inf I ( z )

I ( x) I ( y )
2

zx y

(iii) sup

zx y

F ( z ) max{ F ( x), F ( y )},

(iv) inf

T ( z ) T ( y ),

(v) inf

I ( z ) I ( y ),

zxy

zxy

(vi) sup ( z )
F

zxy

F ( y ).

for all x, y R.
Similarly we can define neutrosophic right hyperideal of
R.

R {0, a, b, c} be a set with the hyperoperation and the multiplication defined as fol-

Example 3.3. Let

lows:

0
0
a
b
c

a
a
{a,b}
b
c

b
b
b
{0,b}
c

c
c
c
c
{0,c}

0
0
0
0

a
0
a
a

b
0
a
b

c
0
a
c

0
a
b
c
and
0
a
b

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

c
Then

( R,,) is a semihyperring.

inf I ( z )

I ( x) I ( y )

zx y
2
of R by
F
sup ( z ) max{ F ( x), F ( y )}
(0) (1,0.6,0.1) ,
(a) (0.7,0.4,0.3) , zx y
(b) (0.8,0.5,0.2) (c) (0.6,0.2,0.4) . Then For the first inequality, choose
1
is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R .
t1 [ inf T ( z ) min{ T ( x), T ( y )}] . Then
2 zx y
Theorem 3.4. A neutrosophic set of R is a neutroinf T ( z ) t 1 min{ T ( x), T ( y )} which implies
sophic left hyperideal of R if and only if any level subsets zx y
T
T
, x, y t but x y t - a contradiction.
tT : {x R : T ( x) t , t [0.1]}

Define

neutrosophic

subset

For the second inequality, choose

and
: {x R : ( x) t , t [0.1]}
1
I ( z ) min{ I ( x), I ( y )}] . Then
: {x R : T ( x) t , t [0.1]} are left hyperide- t 2 2 [ zinf
x y
als of R .
I ( x) I ( y )
inf I ( z ) t 2
which implies
2
Proof. Assume that the neutrosophic set of R is a neu- zx y
x, y tI but x y tI - a contradiction.
trosophic left hyperideal of R .
T
I
F
the
third
inequality,
choose
Then anyone of , or is not equal to zero for For
1
T
I
some x R i.e., in other words anyone of t , t or t 3 [ sup F ( z ) max{ F ( x ), F ( y )}] . Then
I
t
F
t

t F is not empty for some t [0,1] . So, it is sufficient to

consider that all of them are not empty.
Suppose x, y t ( t , t , t ) and
T

s R .Then

inf T ( z ) min{ T ( x), T ( y )} min{ t , t} t

I ( x) I ( y )

t t
t
2
2
sup F ( z ) max{ F ( x), F ( y )} max{t , t} t

zx y

zx y

which implies x y

t T , t I , t F i.e., x y t .

Also

inf ( z ) ( x) t ,
T

zsx

inf I ( z ) I ( x) t ,
zsx

sup F ( z ) F ( x) t ,
zsx

Hence sx

t .

t is a left hyperideal of R .
Conversely, suppose t ( ) is a left hyperideal of R . If
possible is not a neutrosophic left hyperideal. Then for
x, y R anyone of the following inequality is true.
inf T ( z ) min{ T ( x), T ( y )}
Therefore

zx y

zx y

sup ( z ) t 3 max{ F ( x), F ( y )} which imF

zx y

zx y

inf I ( z )

plies x, y t3 but x y t3 - a contradiction.

F

So, in any case we have a contradiction to the fact that

t is a left hyperideal of R .

Hence the result follows.

Definition 3.5. Let and be two neutrosophic subsets
of R. The intersection of and is defined by

( T T )( x) min{ T ( x), T ( x)}

( I I )( x) min{ I ( x), I ( x)}
( F F )( x) max{ F ( x), F ( x)}
for all x R.
Proposition 3.6. Intersection of a nonempty collection of
neutrosophic left hyperideals is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R .
Proof. Let { i : i I } be a non-empty family of neutrosophic left hyperideals of R and

inf ( )( z )

zx y iI

T
i

inf inf iT ( z )
zx y iI

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

x, y R . Then

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

inf {min{ iT ( x), iT ( y)}}

sup( iF )( z )

min{inf ( x), inf ( y)}

sup sup iF ( z )

iI

T
i

iI

iI

T
i

min{ iT ( x), iT ( y)}

iI

iI

zsx iI

zsx iI

sup iF ( x) iF ( x)
iI

iI

inf ( iI )( z )

Hence i is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R .

zx y iI

iI

inf inf iI ( z )
zx y iI

inf

iI ( x) iI ( y )

2
inf ( x) inf iI ( y)
iI

I
i

iI

iI

2
( x) iI ( y)

iI

I
i

iI

sup ( iF )( z )

sup sup iF ( z )
zx y iI

sup{max{ iF ( x), iF ( y)}}

iI

max{sup iF ( x), sup iF ( y )}

iI

iI

max{ ( x), iF ( y)}

iI

inf ( )( z )
zsx iI

T
i

inf inf iT ( z )
zsx iI

inf iT ( x )
iI

iT ( x)
iI

inf ( iI )( z )

a, b R
(i) f (a b) f (a) f (b)
(ii ) f (ab) f (a) f (b)
(iii ) f (0 R ) 0 S
where 0 R and 0 S are the zeros of R and S respectively.
morphism if for all

Proposition 3.8. Let f : R S be a morphism of

semihyperrings. Then
(i) If is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of S , then

zx y iI

F
i

Definition 3.7. Let R , S be semihyperrings and

f : R S be a function. Then f is said to be a homo-

iI

( ) [13] is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R .

(ii) If f is surjective morphism and is a neutronsophic
left hyperideal of R , then f ( ) [13] is a neutrosophic
left hyperideal of S .
f

f : R S be a morphism of semihyperrings.
Let be a neutrosophic left hyperideal of S and
r, s R .
inf f 1 ( T )( z )
Proof. Let

zr s

inf T ( f ( z ))
zr s

inf

f ( z ) f ( r ) f ( s )

T ( f ( z ))

zsx iI

min{ T ( f (r )), T ( f ( s))}

inf inf iI ( z )

min{ f

inf iI ( x)

inf f 1 ( I )( z )

zsx iI
iI

iI ( x)
iI

( T )(r ), f

zr s

inf I ( f ( z ))
zr s

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

inf

f ( z ) f ( r ) f ( s )

I ( f ( z ))

( T )( s)} .

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

' inf'

I ( f (r )) I ( f ( s ))

2
f ( )( r ) f

2
1
F
sup f ( )( z )
1

( I )( s )

sup ( f ( z ))
zr s

sup

f ( z ) f ( r ) f ( s )

F ( f ( z ))

max{ F ( f (r )), F ( f ( s))}

max{ f

( F )(r ), f 1 ( F )( s)} .

Again

inf f ( )( z )
inf T ( f ( z ))
zrs

inf

f ( z ) f ( r ) f ( s )

T ( f ( z ))

T ( f ( s)) f 1 ( T )( s) .
1

zrs

( )( z )

{min{ T ( x), T ( y )}}

(y )

y f 1 ( y ' )

'

z x y

' inf'

sup I ( z )

' inf'

sup

z x y ' z f 1 ( z ' )

z x y ' x f 1 ( x ' ), y f 1 ( y ' )

inf

f ( z ) f ( r ) f ( s )

( I )( s) .

sup F ( f ( z ))
zrs

F ( f ( z ))

F ( f ( s)) f 1 ( F )( s).
( ) is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R .
(ii) Suppose be a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R and

Thus f

'

x , y S . Then
inf' ' ( f ( T ))( z ' )
'

z x y

' inf'

'

sup T ( z )

z x y z f 1 ( z ' )

'

sup

zrs

sup

1
[ sup I ( x) sup I ( y )]
2 x f 1 ( x ' )
y f 1 ( y ' )
1
[( f ( I ))( x ' ) ( f ( I ))( y ' )] .
2
sup ( f ( F ))( z ' )

inf

1 '
z x y z f ( z )

sup f 1 ( F )( z )

f ( z ) f ( r ) f ( s )

I ( x) I ( y )

sup

'

I ( f ( z ))

I ( f ( s)) f

I ( z)

x f 1 ( x ' ), y f 1 ( y ' )

sup

zrs

'

( x ), y f

'

z ' x ' y '

inf I ( f ( z ))

min{( f ( ))( x ), ( f ( T ))( y ' )} .

inf' ' ( f ( I ))( z ' )
'

zrs

'

T ( z)

min{ sup T ( x), sup T ( y )}

inf f

sup

x f

x f 1 ( x ' )

zr s

sup

z x y ' x f 1 ( x ' ), y f 1 ( y ' )

'

F ( z)

inf

'
'
1
1
z x y x f ( x ), y f ( y )
'

x f

'

'

inf
'

( x ), y f

'

{max{ F ( x), F ( y )}}

(y )

max{ inf
1

( x' )

x f

F ( z)

F ( x), inf

y f 1 ( y ' )

F ( y)}

max{( f ( F ))( x ' ), ( f ( F ))( y ' )} .

Again

inf ( f ( T ))( z ' )

z ' x ' y '

inf
'
'

sup T ( z )

'

z x y z f 1 ( z ' )

x f

sup
'

( x ), y f

'

(y )

T ( z)

sup ( y ) ( f ( T ))( y ' ).

T

y f 1 ( y ' )

inf ( f ( I ))( z ' )

z ' x ' y '

inf
'
'

sup I ( z )

z x y ' z f 1 ( z ' )

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

x f

sup
'

( x ), y f

'

(y )

I ( z)

sup ( y ) ( f ( I ))( y ' ) .

I

1 ( x1 ) ( y1 ) I ( x 2 ) I ( y 2 )
[

]
2
2
2
1 I ( x1 ) I ( x 2 ) I ( y1 ) I ( y 2 )
[

]
2
2
2

sup ( f ( F ))( z ' )

z ' x ' y '

z x y z f
'

' '

( z' )

F ( z)

inf

x f 1 ( x ' ), y f 1 ( y ' )

inf
1
y f

Thus

( y' )

F ( z)

sup

f ( ) is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of S .

( z1 , z 2 )( x1 , x 2 ) ( y1 , y 2 )

and be two neutrosophic subsets of R. Then the Cartesian product of and is de-

Definition 3.9. Let

fined by

I ( x) I ( y )
2

( )( x, y) max{ F ( x), F ( y)}

for all x, y R.

( F F )( z1 , z 2 )

sup max

{ F ( z1 ), F ( z 2 )}

z1( x1 y1 ), z 2 ( x2 y 2 )
z1( x1 y1 ), z 2 ( x2 y2 )

inf

( z1 , z 2 )( x1 , x2 )( y1 , y 2 )

and be two neutrosophic left

hyperideals of R . Then is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R R.

inf

z1x1 y1 , z 2 x2 y 2

inf

( z1 , z 2 )( x1 , x2 ) ( y1 , y 2 )

inf

( T T )( z1 , z 2 )

inf min

{ T ( z1 ), T ( z 2 )}

z1( x1 y1 ), z 2 ( x2 y 2 )

( T T )( z1 , z 2 )

z1x1 y1 , z 2 x2 y 2

min{ T ( y1 ), T ( y 2 )} ( T T )( y1 , y 2 ) .
inf

( T T )( z1 , z 2 )

( z1 , z 2 )( x1 , x2 )( y1 , y 2 )

z1( x1 y1 ), z 2 ( x2 y 2 )

( T T )( z1 , z 2 )

inf min { T ( z1 ), T ( z 2 )}

Proof. Let ( x1 , x 2 ) , ( y1 , y 2 ) R R . Then

sup

Theorem 3.10. Let

( F F )( z1 , z2 )

max{max{ F ( x1 ), F ( y1 )}, max{ F ( x2 ), F ( y 2 )}}

max{max{ F ( x1 ), F ( x 2 )}, max{ F ( y1 ), F ( y 2 )}}
max{( F F )( x1 , x2 ), ( F F )( y1 , y 2 )} .

( T T )( x, y) min{ T ( x), T ( y)}

1
[( I I )( x1 , x 2 ) ( I I )( y1 , y 2 )] .
2

F ( y) ( f ( F ))( y ' )

( I I )( x, y )

z1( x1 y1 ), z 2 ( x2 y 2 )
I

y f 1 ( y ' )

sup inf
1

I ( z1 ) I ( z 2 )

inf

inf

z1x1 y1 , z 2 x2 y 2

inf

( I I )( z1 , z 2 )

( I I )( z1 , z 2 )

I ( z1 ) I ( z 2 )
2

z1x1 y1 , z 2 x2 y 2

min{min{ ( x1 ), ( y1 )}, min{ ( x2 ), ( y 2 )}} ( y1 ) ( y 2 )

( I I )( y1 , y 2 ) .
T
T
T
T
min{min{ ( x1 ), ( x 2 )}, min{ ( y1 ), ( y 2 )}}
2
T
T
T
T
sup
( F F )( z1 , z 2 )
min{( )( x1 , x2 ), ( )( y1 , y 2 )} .
T

( z1 , z 2 )( x1 , x2 )( y1 , y 2 )

inf

( z1 , z 2 )( x1 , x2 ) ( y1 , y 2 )

inf

( I I )( z1 , z 2 )

z1( x1 y1 ), z 2 ( x2 y 2 )

( )( z1 , z 2 )
I

sup

z1x1 y1 , z 2 x2 y2

( F F )( z1 , z 2 )

sup max { F ( z1 ), F ( z 2 )}

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

z1x1 y1 , z 2 x2 y 2

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

max{ F ( y1 ), F ( y 2 )} ( F F )( y1 , y 2 ) .
Hence

is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of

min{ sup{min { T (ci ), T (d i )}} ,

aibi

R R.

Definition 3.11. Let and be two neutrosophic sets

of a semiring R . Define composition of and by
( T T )( x) sup{min { T (ai ), T (bi )}}

0 if x cannot be expressed as above

n
I (ai ) I (bi )
( I I )( x) sup
n
2n
i 1
x ai bi

i 1

ei f i

i 1

min{( T )( x), ( T T )( y)}

T

sup
zx y
n
i 1
x y ai bi

inf

I (ai ) I (bi )
2n

i 1

sup

( )( z ) inf{ max{ (ai ), (bi )}}

n

zx y

0 if x cannot be expressed as above

F

sup{min { T (ei ), T ( f i )}}}

i 1

ci d i

inf ( I I )( z )

i 1

i 1

ci d i , y

I ( c i ) I ( d i ) I ( ei ) I ( f i )
4n

i 1

ei f i

i 1

aibi

i 1

n
I (c i ) I ( d i ) ,
1
[ sup
2 x n c d , i 1
2n
i ii

0 if x cannot be expressed as above

where x, ai , bi R for

i 1,..., n.

i 1

and be two neutrosophic left hyperideals of , R then is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R .

sup
n
i 1
y ei f i , i

Theorem 3.12. If

Proof. Suppose

be two neutrosophic hyperideals of

R and x, y R . If x y

i 1

i i

for

ai , bi R, then there is nothing to proof. So, assume that

n

x y ai bi for ai , bi R, . Then

zx y

inf sup{min { T (ai ), T (bi )}}

zx y

x y

ai bi

i 1

sup{min { T (ci ), T (d i ), T (ei ), T ( f i )}}

ci di , y ei f i

i 1

i 1

( I I )( x) ( I I )( y )
2

sup ( F F )( z )

zx y

sup inf{ max{ F (ai ), F (bi )}}

zx y

aibi

x y

i 1

inf ( T T )( z )

2n

i 1

a b

I (e i ) I ( f i )

i 1

inf{ max { F (ci ), F (d i ), F (ei ), F ( f i )}}

ei fi

ci d i , y

i 1

i 1

max{inf{ max{ F (ci ), F (d i )}} ,

i

ci d i

i 1

inf{ max{ F (ei ), F ( f i )}}}

n

i 1

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

ei f i

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

max{( F F )( x), ( F F )( y)}

inf ( T T )( z )
zxy

inf sup{min { (ai ), (bi )}}

T

zxy

ai bi

xy

i 1

sup{min { T ( xei ), T ( f i )}}

i

xei f i

zxy

i 1

sup{min { (ei ), ( f i )}}

T

ei f i

inf ( )( z )
I

zxy

inf sup
zxy
n
i 1
xy ai bi

I (ai ) I (bi )
2n

i 1

sup
n
i 1
zxy xei f i

I ( xei ) I ( f i )
2n

i 1

sup
n
i 1
y ei f i , i

I (ei ) I ( f i )
2n

i 1

( I I )( y)

sup( F F )( z )
zxy

sup inf{ max{ F (ai ), F (bi )}}

zxy

xy

ai bi

i 1

inf{ max{ F ( xei ), F ( f i )}}

n

xy

xei f i

i 1

inf{ max{ F (ei ), F ( f i )}}}

n

ei f i

i 1

( F )( y) .
F

is a neutrosophic left hyperideal of R .

Conclusion
This is the introductory paper on neutrosophic hyperideals
of semihyperrings in the sense of Smarandache[14]. Our
next aim to use these results to study some other properties
such prime neutrosophic hyperideal, semiprime neutrosophic hyperideal,neutrosophic bi-hyperideal, neutrosophic
quasi-hyperideal, radicals etc.
Acknowledgement: The author is highly thankful to the
learned Referees and the Editors for their valuable comments.
References

i 1

( T T )( y)
I

Hence

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 12, 2016

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Received: April 04, 2016. Accepted: May 13, 2016

Debabrata Mandal, Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Semihyperrings

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