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Lucky Galvez
Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines
Diliman
Math 55
f (x + h, y) f (x, y)
h0
h
f (x, y + h) f (x, y)
= fy (x, y) = lim
h0
h
= fx (x, y) = lim
Math 55
f (x + h, y) f (x, y)
h0
h
f (x, y + h) f (x, y)
= fy (x, y) = lim
h0
h
= fx (x, y) = lim
R
R
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Suppose we want to find the rate of change of f at (x0 , y0 ) in
the direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi.
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Suppose we want to find the rate of change of f at (x0 , y0 ) in
the direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi. That is, the slope of
the tangent line to C at P .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Suppose we want to find the rate of change of f at (x0 , y0 ) in
the direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi. That is, the slope of
the tangent line to C at P .
If Q(x, y, z) is another
point on C and P 0 , Q0
are the projections of P
and Q on the xy-plane,
resp., then the vector
P ~0 Q0 is parallel to u
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Suppose we want to find the rate of change of f at (x0 , y0 ) in
the direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi. That is, the slope of
the tangent line to C at P .
If Q(x, y, z) is another
point on C and P 0 , Q0
are the projections of P
and Q on the xy-plane,
resp., then the vector
P ~0 Q0 is parallel to u so
for some scalar h,
P ~0 Q0 = hu = hha, hbi .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Therefore,
x x0 = ha x = x0 + ha
y y0 = hb y = y0 + hb
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Therefore,
x x0 = ha x = x0 + ha
y y0 = hb y = y0 + hb
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Therefore,
x x0 = ha x = x0 + ha
y y0 = hb y = y0 + hb
f (x, y) f (x0 , y0 )
h0
h
lim
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Therefore,
x x0 = ha x = x0 + ha
y y0 = hb y = y0 + hb
f (x, y) f (x0 , y0 )
h0
h
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
=
lim
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Definition
The directional derivative of f (x, y) at (x0 , y0 ) in the
direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi is
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = lim
h0
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Definition
The directional derivative of f (x, y) at (x0 , y0 ) in the
direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi is
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = lim
h0
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Definition
The directional derivative of f (x, y) at (x0 , y0 ) in the
direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi is
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = lim
h0
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Definition
The directional derivative of f (x, y) at (x0 , y0 ) in the
direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi is
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = lim
h0
Directional Derivative
Definition
The directional derivative of f (x, y) at (x0 , y0 ) in the
direction of a unit vector u = ha, bi is
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = lim
h0
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb).
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
lim
h0
g(h) g(0)
h
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
lim
h0
g(h) g(0)
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
h
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
=
=
g(h) g(0)
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
h
Du f (x0 , y0 ).
lim
h0
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
=
=
g(h) g(0)
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
h
Du f (x0 , y0 ).
lim
h0
f dy
f dx
+
x dh
y dh
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
=
=
g(h) g(0)
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
h
Du f (x0 , y0 ).
lim
h0
f dy
f dx
= fx (x, y)a + fy (x, y)b
+
x dh
y dh
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
=
=
g(h) g(0)
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
h
Du f (x0 , y0 ).
lim
h0
f dy
f dx
= fx (x, y)a + fy (x, y)b
+
x dh
y dh
Note that h = 0 x = x0 , y = y0
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
=
=
g(h) g(0)
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
h
Du f (x0 , y0 ).
lim
h0
f dy
f dx
= fx (x, y)a + fy (x, y)b
+
x dh
y dh
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Theorem
If f is a differentiable function of x and y, then f has a
directional derivative at any point (x0 , y0 ) in the domain of f ,
in the direction of any unit vector u = ha, bi and
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )a + fy (x0 , y0 )b.
Proof. Define g(h) = f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb). Then
g 0 (0)
=
=
g(h) g(0)
f (x0 + ha, y0 + hb) f (x0 , y0 )
= lim
h0
h
h
Du f (x0 , y0 ).
lim
h0
f dy
f dx
= fx (x, y)a + fy (x, y)b
+
x dh
y dh
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
Math 55
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
!
!
2
2
+ fy (1, 2)
2
2
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Evaluate Du f (1, 2) if f (x, y) = x2 2xy y 2 if u =
E
2
2
,
2
2 .
= 2 2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
u=
h3, 4i
k h3, 4i k
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
u=
h3, 4i
h3, 4i
=p
k h3, 4i k
32 + (4)2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
h3, 4i
h3, 4i
3 4
p
u=
,
=
=
k h3, 4i k
5 5
32 + (4)2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
h3, 4i
h3, 4i
3 4
p
u=
,
=
=
k h3, 4i k
5 5
32 + (4)2
Hence,
3
4
Du f (x, y) = fx (x, y)
+ fy (x, y)
5
5
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
h3, 4i
h3, 4i
3 4
p
u=
,
=
=
k h3, 4i k
5 5
32 + (4)2
Hence,
3
4
Du f (x, y) = fx (x, y)
+ fy (x, y)
5
5
= y 2 + y sin(xy)
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
h3, 4i
h3, 4i
3 4
p
u=
,
=
=
k h3, 4i k
5 5
32 + (4)2
Hence,
3
4
Du f (x, y) = fx (x, y)
+ fy (x, y)
5
5
3
= y 2 + y sin(xy)
5
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
h3, 4i
h3, 4i
3 4
p
u=
,
=
=
k h3, 4i k
5 5
32 + (4)2
Hence,
3
4
Du f (x, y) = fx (x, y)
+ fy (x, y)
5
5
3
= y 2 + y sin(xy)
+ (2xy + x sin(xy))
5
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
Determine the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 cos(xy)
at any point, in the direction of the vector 3 4
.
Solution. The unit vector in the same direction as the given
vector is
h3, 4i
h3, 4i
3 4
p
u=
,
=
=
k h3, 4i k
5 5
32 + (4)2
Hence,
3
4
Du f (x, y) = fx (x, y)
+ fy (x, y)
5
5
3
4
2
= y + y sin(xy)
+ (2xy + x sin(xy))
5
5
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
cos
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
a
cos =
kuk
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
a
cos =
=a
kuk
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
a
cos =
= a and sin
kuk
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
a
b
cos =
= a and sin =
kuk
kuk
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
a
b
cos =
= a and sin =
=b
kuk
kuk
Math 55
Directional Derivative
u
(x0 , y0 )
If the unit vector u = ha, bi, makes an angle with the x-axis,
then
a
b
cos =
= a and sin =
=b
kuk
kuk
and the formula in the previous theorem becomes
Du f (x, y) = fx (x, y) cos + fy (x, y) sin .
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos
3
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos + x2 ex y + 1 sin
3
3
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos + x2 ex y + 1 sin
3
3
Hence,
Du f (1, 0)
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos + x2 ex y + 1 sin
3
3
Hence,
Du f (1, 0) = 2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos + x2 ex y + 1 sin
3
3
Hence,
1
Du f (1, 0) = 2
2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos + x2 ex y + 1 sin
3
3
Hence,
1
Du f (1, 0) = 2
+2
2
Math 55
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos + x2 ex y + 1 sin
3
3
Hence,
1
Du f (1, 0) = 2
+2
2
Math 55
!
3
2
Directional Derivative
Example
2
2
2
=
2xyex y 2 cos + x2 ex y + 1 sin
3
3
Hence,
1
Du f (1, 0) = 2
+2
2
= 1 + 3
Math 55
!
3
2
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Definition
If f is a function of x and y, then the gradient of f is the vector
function f defined as
f (x, y) = hfx (x, y), fy (x, y)i
Math 55
Definition
If f is a function of x and y, then the gradient of f is the vector
function f defined as
f (x, y) = hfx (x, y), fy (x, y)i
Thus, the directional derivetive of f in the direction of a unit
vector u = ha, bi can be written as
Du f (x, y) = f (x, y) u
Math 55
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Math 55
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
Math 55
1
2
,
5
5
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
Math 55
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
Math 55
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
Math 55
2x ln y,
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
Math 55
x2
2x ln y,
y
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
x2
2x ln y,
y
h0,
Math 55
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
x2
2x ln y,
y
h0, 4i
Math 55
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
x2
2x ln y,
y
h0, 4i
Hence,
Du f (2, 1) = f (2, 1) u
Math 55
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
x2
2x ln y,
y
h0, 4i
Hence,
Du f (2, 1) = f (2, 1) u = h0, 4i
Math 55
2
1
,
5
5
Example
Example
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 ln y at the point
(2, 1) in the direction of 2 + .
Solution: We normalize the given vector
u=
h2, 1i
=
22 + 1 2
1
2
,
5
5
x2
2x ln y,
y
h0, 4i
Hence,
Du f (2, 1) = f (2, 1) u = h0, 4i
Math 55
2
1
,
5
5
4
=
5
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y)
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y) = h0.04x,
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y) = h0.04x, 0.02yi
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y) = h0.04x, 0.02yi
h(50, 80) = h0.04(50), 0.02(80)i
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y) = h0.04x, 0.02yi
h(50, 80) = h0.04(50), 0.02(80)i = h2, 1.6i
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y) = h0.04x, 0.02yi
h(50, 80) = h0.04(50), 0.02(80)i = h2, 1.6i
and the maximum rate of change of h (Du h) is
kh(50, 80)k
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y) = h0.04x, 0.02yi
h(50, 80) = h0.04(50), 0.02(80)i = h2, 1.6i
and the maximum rate of change of h (Du h) is
p
kh(50, 80)k = (2)2 + (1.6)2
Math 55
Example
Example
Suppose that the height of a hill above sea level is modelled by
h(x, y) = 1000 0.02x2 0.01y 2 . Standing at the point (50, 80),
in which direction is the elevation changing fastest? What is
the maximum rate of change of the elevation?
Solution: The maximum rate of change occurs in the
direction of h(50, 80).
h(x, y) = h0.04x, 0.02yi
h(50, 80) = h0.04(50), 0.02(80)i = h2, 1.6i
and the maximum rate of change of h (Du h) is
p
kh(50, 80)k = (2)2 + (1.6)2 = 2.5612.
Math 55
Math 55
Exercises
1
Math 55
Exercises
1
x
b. g(x, y, z) = y+z
, (4, 1, 1), v = h1, 2, 3i
Math 55
Exercises
1
x
b. g(x, y, z) = y+z
, (4, 1, 1), v = h1, 2, 3i
Math 55
Exercises
1
x
b. g(x, y, z) = y+z
, (4, 1, 1), v = h1, 2, 3i
Math 55
Exercises
1
x
b. g(x, y, z) = y+z
, (4, 1, 1), v = h1, 2, 3i
Math 55
Exercises
1
x
b. g(x, y, z) = y+z
, (4, 1, 1), v = h1, 2, 3i
References
Math 55