Antti Hakala-Ranta

Power and productivity for a

better world
Singapore, Sept 22-23.9.2008

Enhanced protection
functionality with
IEC 61850 and GOOSE

Introduction
Background for IEC 61850
Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850
Modeling of information and services
New type of communication services
Horizontal communication - GOOSE
Sampled measured values - SMV

Engineering support

ABB Ltd. - Page 2

System integration

Application examples
Future outlook

Background why IEC 61850

Global markets
DA users (Utility, industries) becoming more and more international ->
global standards needed

Flexible communication structures

Communication systems must be capable of fulfilling world-wide
requirements
Rapid changes in communication state-of-the-art technology, but long
life cycles of communication standards

Increasing economical and operational demands on utility

companies
Modern substation systems produce lots of data
Data need to be converted into information

ABB Ltd. - Page 3

Communication networks provide access from anywhere

Communication in substations has to support:

Guaranteed and fast real time system responses
High resistance against harsh environmental conditions

History
Standards/de facto standards for substation automation
communication
IEC60870-5-103

Master slave serial protocol, SA semantics defined!, no controls (only with

spec. extension), no horizontal communication, too restricted to give easy
interoperability
Used in Europe and some far east countries

UCA2.0

Predecessor of IEC61850 by US vendors & utilities (an EPRI project)

Modeling & semantic ideas, horizontal communication
Never really accepted by customers, due to a lot of promises given but
Officially and publicly to be replaced by IEC61850

Modbus

ABB Ltd. - Page 4

Well known but: no information semantics (signal engineering), no events,

no time-synch
Used world-wide, especially in US
Master slave serial, also variant running over TCP

DNP3.0
and many other proprietary ones

How and what?

An IEC project group of about 60 members from different countries
worked in three IEC working groups from 1995
Objectives:
A single protocol for complete substation considering modeling of
different data required for substation
Definition of basic services required to transfer data so that the entire
mapping to communication protocol can be made future proof
Promotion of high interoperability between systems from different
vendors
A common method/format for storing complete configuration data
Define complete testing required for the equipments which confirms to
the standard
ABB Ltd. - Page 5

1st parts of IEC 61850 standard were published 2004

Now, 2008, widely accepted and in use, both by utilities and industries

Background What is IEC 61850?

IEC 61850 is a global standard
for
Communication Networks and
Systems in Substations
How to make different devices
AND tools from different vendors
work together (=interoperability)
YES, WE
DO!

ABB Ltd. - Page 6

DO YOU
UNDERSTAND
ME?

Application area of IEC 61850

Electrical substations, also in industrial plants
to NCC / DCS
HMI

Station
gateway

Station
computer

Station Level

Engineering
station

Station or interbaybus (LAN)

Bay Level

Control

Protection

Protection
& Control

Control

Protection

ABB Ltd. - Page 7

Process bus (LAN)

Process Level

Process Interface

Process Interface

Process Interface

Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850

It specifies an expandable data model and services for
substation automation
It does not specify protection or control functionality, but it
specifies how they will expose their information
It supports free allocation of functions to devices
It is open for different system philosophies

It defines a description language for substation automation

systems
This facilitates efficient device integration
It supports comprehensive consistent system definition and
engineering
This makes not only the devices, but also their tools & systems
interoperable

ABB Ltd. - Page 8

It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication

Provides the broad range of features of mainstream
communication
High performance
It is open for future new communication concepts

Structure of the IEC 61850 standard

Introduction and overview

Impact on
engineering

ABB Ltd. - Page 9

Part 8

Station bus

Glossary

Part 2

General requirements

Part 3

System and Project management

Part 4

Communication requirements

Part 5

Communication model (Data model and Services)

Part 7

Substation Configuration Language (SCL)

Part 6

Conformance testing

Part 10

Part 8-1 : Mapping for

MMS-TCP/IP-Ethernet

Part 9-1 : Mapping to pointto-point connections

Part 8-x : for Future Use

part 9-2 : Mapping for bus

connections

Impacts not only on communication !

Direct impact
implementation

Impact on
tenders and
product mgmt.

Part 1

Part 9

Process bus

Concept 1: Split of application and communication

Future Proof Design Aspects - Independence of actual technology
Slow

Application
Domain
Substation

Long-term definition
Safe-guarding investments

Application
Objects
Services

Abstract Interface
Adaptation
per selected stack

Mapping

ABB Ltd. - Page 10

Fast

Communication
Technology

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

ISO/OSI
seven layer stack

Stack Interface
MMS*
TCP/IP
Ethernet

Stack selection
following state-of-art
Communication technology
Approach of
IEC61850

The data model is mapped unambiguously to an existing stack

*) Manufacturing Message Specification

Concept 2: Take care of the engineering

Additionally to the communication make the tools interoperable

Making it possible to efficiently manage the configuration data in a

system even if the products are from different vendors
Substation Configuration Language (SCL) allows describing in a
standardised way
IEDs, their configuration and their functional and communication capabilities
Concrete communication structure of a SA system
Allocation of devices to the substation primary equipment.

ABB Ltd. - Page 11

These descriptions can be exchanged between engineering tools of

different manufacturers
Common approach to system engineering without the need of time
consuming, error prone human conversion of engineering data

IEC 61850 Data Model, logical nodes

"#$%
# #$%
)# *

"

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#
'

- $ .

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%
,

'

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ABB Ltd. - Page 12

$ $

+ '

Example: Modbus and IEC 61850

Modbus
Position QA1

DA:12, 1x2347, latch reset 0x2454

Trip Ovecurrent.

DA:12, 1x1827, CD bit 1x1828

Frequency

DA: 12, 4x0488

Close CB

DA: 12, select 0x4096, close 0x4098

ABB Ltd. - Page 13

IEC 61850
Position QA1

E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.stVal

Trip Overcurrent.

E1Q1FA1.Prot/PHPTOC1.Op.general

Frequency

E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/MMXU1.Hz.mag.f

Close CB

E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.ctVal

Voltage Level

Bay

IED

Log. Device

Log. Node

Data/Attribute

Data access and transfer (Services)

read a value / attribute
write configuration attributes
control a device (direct operate / select before operate)
event oriented communication with reporting
local storage of time-stamped events in a log
get directory information
file transfer for e.g.

ABB Ltd. - Page 14

parameter and software download

upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas
density values

Transfer of generic object oriented system events

(GOOSE)
Transfer of sampled (analog) values (SV)

IEC 61850 - GOOSE

GOOSE real time sharing of information between devices in a
substation
NCC

Switch

ABB Ltd. - Page 15

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Switch

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Control &
Protection

Based on publisher/subscriber model where any device can publish data

and other subscribe it if needed
User first decides in configuration what is needed to be published and
those IEDs interested of that data subscribe to it
Mission is real-time data transmission IED to IED 100ms / 10ms / 3ms
Uses low-level Ethernet layer and priority tagging to get priority in network
and devices

IEC 61850 GOOSE

IEC 61850 GOOSE, What?
GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
Generic = Any data
Object Oriented = Data from IED 61850 data model
Substation = Whole substation sees the data
Event = Event based sending

GOOSE is used for transmit data to peer devices in substation

Can in principle transmit any kind of process data between IEDs

ABB Ltd. - Page 16

Ethernet technology offers fast and reliable way to transmit the

data
Similar kind of functionality ABB have in existing LON platform
and it is already used for a decade successfully

IEC 61850 GOOSE

GOOSE, Why?
Reduce interpanel wiring with between IEDs
Performance faster than IO wiring
Supervised connections
Actions can taken in application if peer IED stops communication

ABB Ltd. - Page 17

Quality information is sent to peer IEDs with data for validation

More (virtual) I/O for IEDs, without hardware changes
Possibilities:
Expandability
In IED retrofit cases minimised wiring changes
Chance to introduce new functionality
Due to more IO capacity and higher performance
Flexibility
Possibility to add easily functionality afterwards no rewiring

Arc protection and GOOSE with REF615

3.

Relay A

2.
1.

1.

2.

GOOSE message

Relay B

ABB Ltd. - Page 18

3.

Both relay A (incoming feeder)

and relay B (outgoing feeder) are
equipped with three arc sensors
Relay B detects an arc in the
busbar compartment via sensor 1
and sends a related GOOSE
message to relay A
Conventional wiring: <37ms
With GOOSE: <23ms

After receiving the GOOSE

message relay A checks the
current level and issues a trip
command to breaker A
-> GOOSE communication
enables fast and station wide
supervised arc protection
schemes

IEC 61850 - Blocking based busbar protection

Delay setting with inst. O/C prot.
(conventional approach)
Safety marginal, e.g. delay
in operation due to CT
saturation.

20ms

O/C protection start delay

+ output relays delay

<40ms

Start delay with receiving

relay + retarding time for
the blocking signal *)

<40ms

ALL TOGETHER

100ms

ABB Ltd. - Page 19

*) if relays are of the same family: <10ms + 2 x relays task time

IEC 61850 - Blocking based busbar protection

Yep, I am!
Ill block the
Inst. O/C
block-PHIPTOC

IEC 61850-8-1

Delay setting with inst. O/C prot.

(REF615 GOOSE approach)
Safety marginal, e.g. delay
in operation due to CT
saturation.

40ms

O/C protection start delay

20ms

Retardation time of inst.

O/C stage blocking

5ms

GOOSE delay (Class 1)

<3ms

ALL TOGETHER

ABB Ltd. - Page 20

Who is interested?
PHLPTOC-start

~70ms

With GOOSE better protection coordination -> more selective busbar

protection, faster fault clearing time

Circuit Breaker failure scheme with GOOSE

REF615

Relay A

X
REF615

GOOSE message

ABB Ltd. - Page 21

Relay B

My Breaker is not
opening!
Activate Breaker
failure scheme

OK, I hear you!

Ill open my Breaker

Relay B (outgoing feeder)

detects a fault, issues
opening command to the
breaker and starts the
breaker failure
The breaker in outgoing
feeder fails to open and
after a set time delay the
breaker failure protection
in Relay B sends out backup command as a GOOSE
message to Relay A
After receiving the GOOSE
message Relay A issues
opening command to the
incoming feeder breaker
and the fault is cleared.

IEC 61850 - 1-of-N Blocking

Local
HMI

Relay A
User issues
Select breaker
Command
before Operate
from SCS

ABB Ltd. - Page 22

Relay C

Breaker
Selected

Relay B

In this scheme a blocking signal

is sent from selected feeder to
other feeders
No other controls allowed within
Select timeout period
Circuit Breaker control selection
is sent by the publisher and in all
subscriber IEDs this signal is
connected to the blocking input
of the control function block
When control sequence is over
subscriber IEDs get new value
change which frees the control
function block

IEC 61850 - Busbar Earthing

Earthing switch
Closed -indication

Relay A

ABB Ltd. - Page 23

Relay C

Relay B

In this scheme a blocking signal

is sent to breakers if the earthing
switch is closed
Circuit Breaker position is sent
by the publisher and in all
subscriber IEDs this signal is
connected to the blocking input
of the control function block to
prevent closing of breakers
This schema can be made also
in opposite way where feeders
breaker position can block
closing of earthing switch

IEC 61850 Disturbance Recording

Relay A
Detected fault
and Trip

ABB Ltd. - Page 24

Relay C

Relay B

In this scheme a fault is detected

in one feeder
GOOSE can be used to trig the
Disturbance Recording in other
feeders
Recordings are triggered almost
parallel without delays

IEC 61850 GOOSE Performance issues

Functionality without guaranteed performance?
GOOSE response time requirements from application to
application according the standard (IEC 61850-5) are:
Type 1 (fast messages)
Type 1A (tripping)
Class P2/3: <3ms (P2/3 = transmission S/S)
Class P1: <10ms (P1 = distribution S/S)
Type 1B (others)
Class P2/3: <20ms
Class P1: <100ms

Following IEC 61850 standard means that relay-to-relay signalling

is faster than with traditionally wiring
ABB Ltd. - Page 25

Reduced wiring with faster response times

Challenge is to guarantee these in all circumstances

Sampled measured values IEC 61850-9-2

IEC 61850-8-1

A method for transmitting

sampled measurements from
transducers
Enables sharing of analogue I/O
signals among IEDs
Benefits are obvious in highvoltage transmission substations
How about medium voltage
switchgears?

IED

Sampled
Values

Remote
BIOs

ABB Ltd. - Page 26

IED

IEC 61850-9-2
Process bus

CTs/VTs

The approach: Mapping to communication stacks

Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology

SA specific data model

evolves slowly

Data Model (Objects,Services)

Communication technology
changes quickly
Splitting of SA specific
data model from
communication technology

Client Server
Communication

ABB Ltd. - Page 27

ISO/OSI Stack
Hierarchical set of
Rules how information is coded for
transmission
According to state-of-the art
communication technology

* Generic Object Oriented

Substation Event

Sampled
Values

Mapping

Abstract
Communication
Services
Interface (ACSI)
Stack
Interface

GOOSE*

MMS

Real time
Communication

TCP
IP
Ethernet Link Layer
Ethernet Physical Layer with Priority tagging

Stack selection according to the state-of-the-art

Communication technology

IEC61850-6, Engineering with help of SCL

IEC 61850-6 defines an XML based language to describe in a
defined way
Capabilities of the devices (IEDs)
How devices are connected to the primary apparatuses
How devices exchange information

This means and results

ABB Ltd. - Page 28

Different device and system tools can exhance information

Efficient, automated device integration
Facilitates centrally done system engineering of systems consisting
devices from different vendors
Support top-down engineering
Data entry only once engineering information is preserved and can
be utilized in other product and tools

Demo

Future, updates, related work

After original publishing
Power Quality - Amendment 2 for IEC 61850-7-4
IEC 61850, Amendment 1: miscellaneous corrections
Models for Hydro Power Plants, IEC 61850-7-410
Models and mappings for Wind Turbines, IEC 61400-25-x

Upcoming
Ed.2 to be published during 2009
Updates, clarifications

Models for Distributed Energy Resources (DER), IEC 61850-420

Communication between substations, IEC 61850-90-1

ABB Ltd. - Page 29

Related work
Communication between substation and control center, IEC 62445-2 (NP)
Information security for TC57 protocols: IEC 62351-5 (published)
IEC 62271-3, old 62010) High Voltage Switchgear and controlgear - digital
interfaces based on IEC 61850, apply 61850 for HV assemblies (published)
IEC 62439, high availability automation networks
UCA Users Group International for maintenance of the standard
feedback to IEC

The whole scope

IE C

618
5

Distributed generation
(DER)

ABB Ltd. - Page 30

IEC 62351 (*

*) security within TC57, ~5 parts

IEC

50
8
1
6

(Hydro) Power Plants

Future with IEC 61850

IEC 61850 facilitates a new way of building systems
Location transparency i.e. functions can be freely allocated within the
system, due to the efficient communication

Step 1: Simplifying signal wiring

Usage of GOOSE to replace interbay wiring
Usage of remote I/Os
To share common IO in a substation
To extend IO capabilities of an IED

Step 2: Simplifying measurement wiring and enhancing functionality

Sharing busbar voltages for all devices on a substation with Ethernet ->
more functionality for all bay level devices with same HW

ABB Ltd. - Page 31

Step 3: Reallocating functionality -> centralizing

Easier maintenance, upgrades, less complicated hardware
Reliability, availability must in focus
see next page

Traditional
Separate interbay signal, time synchronization, external signal
wired
DCS/NCC
Local
SCS
GPS time source
External signals

Station bus (e.g. Modbus TCP)

Clock synch
IRIG-B

ABB Ltd. - Page 32

External signals

Interlocking, shared voltage signals

Monitoring, control, settings

IEC 61850, as today

Simplification of interpanel and external signals, by IEC 61850
GOOSE for sharing interpanel and external signals
SNTP time synchronization on station bus

Local
HMI

Electrical control system

- SCS & GW

DCS/NCC

GPS time source

Station bus IEC 61850

ABB Ltd. - Page 33

External signals

Monitoring, control, settings

Interlocking, shared external signals
Time synchronization

IEC 61850 - possibilities

Simpler, more cost-efficient IEDs

External and secondary IO as remote IO

All signals (including measurements) shared for all components > less wiring

Centralized handling of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc -> easier to
maintain and extend
Complicated applications like fault location, distance protection can be implemented
using the power of centralized computer
Local
HMI

DCS/NCC
Station Computer

ABB Ltd. - Page 34

Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2

External signals

IEC 61850 extremely centralized

Simplistic IEDs per bay
I/O interface and basic protection (OC, EF)
-> lower complexity: cost-efficient, maintenance, standardization, availability

All other functionality centralized: distance, differential protection, handling

of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc
-> easy to maintain and extend the system
-> online upgrades without affecting the operation, added-value services
DCS/NCC
Local
HMI

Station Computer

WAN
WAN

ABB Ltd. - Page 35

Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2

External signals

Service provider for:

- Maintenance
- Fault analysis
- Technical support

Summary - Advantages of IEC 61850

Better connectivity and interoperability
between devices and systems from different
vendors
Cost savings on substation automation
systems
Efficient device integration and system level
engineering
Simpler wiring

Support for new type of applications

Standardized high performance
communication between bays
High performance process bus to connect
intelligent sensors reducing system costs

Future-proof applications

ABB Ltd. - Page 36

Application configuration withstands changes

on communication systems

Standardized, controlled way to define

extensions to the system

Newton Evans Survey 2008, future usage of IEC 61850

International
31% already use it
58% to use IEC 61850 by
2010
Only 9% no plans
27% maybe
International

North America

ABB Ltd. - Page 37

Less then 5% use it

Only 8% have plans to use
it 2010
52% have no plans yet
39% maybe

North America

 ABB Ltd. - Page 38