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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Importance of Water
Man and animals not only consume water, but they also consume
vegetation for their food. Vegetation, in turn, cannot grow without water.
Growth of vegetation also depends upon bacterial action, while bacteria
need water in order to thrive.
Good sanitation cannot be maintained without adequate water supply
system.
Man needs water for drinking, cooking, cleaning and washing.
Water maintains an ecological balance balance in the relationship
between living things and environment in which they live.
1.2 Definition of Types of Water
1.2.1 Pure and Impure Water
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Point Source: occurs when harmful substances are emitted directly into
a body of water. E.g. pipe from an industrial facility emitted directly into a
body of water.
b) Nonpoint Source: delivers pollutants through transport or environmental
charge. E.g. fertilizer from a farm field carried into a stream by rain.
1.3 Historical Development of Water Supply System
What is Water Supply System?
Water Supply System is a network of pipelines of various sizes with control
valves for carrying water to all streets and supplying water to the consumers.
Water Supply
System
Continuous
- Water is available
24 hours a day and
seven days a
week.
Intermittent
- Water is supplied
for few hours
every day or
alternate days.
Historical Development
Most of the historical community settlements throughout the world were
made near springs, lakes and rivers from where water for drinking and
irrigation purposes was obtained.
In the ninth century, few important water supply structures were
constructed by the Moors in Spain. In the 12 th century, small aqueduct was
constructed in Paris. In London, spring water was brought by means of
lead pipes and masonry conduits in the thirteenth century.
During the first phase of the Industrial Revolution, large impounding
reservoirs were developed due to the necessity of feeding canals.
The first water filter was constructed in 1804 by John Gibb at Paisley in
Scotland.
The first permanent use of chlorination originated under the direction of
Sir Alexander Houston at Lincoln in 1905.
3. Terai Area
The components of a water supply system can be divided into two major parts:
1. Transmission Line or Transmission Main: Pipeline from intake to reservoir
tank.
2. Distribution Line: Pipeline from reservoir tank to tap stand.
There are three systems of supply as:
i.
ii.
iii.