Environ - 2016

Strategies for Sustainable Use of Land, Water,
Air, Agriculture and Energy Resources
Organiser:
Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, ujjain (M.P.)
Supported by:
Vigyan bharati,
Ujjain Unit
Organising secretary:
Dr. Harish Vyas
Sponsored by:
University Grants Commission
CRO - Bhopal
Principal:
Prof. Mahesh Sharma
Website: www.mpcolleges.nic.in/kalidascollege
E-mail: kgcseminar2016@gmail.com
harish_vyas_in@yahoo.com
Strategies
Strategiesfor
forSustainable
SustainableUse
UseofofLand,
Land,Water,
Water,Air,
Air,Agriculture
Agricultureand
andEnergy
EnergyResources
Resources
(National
(NationalSeminar
Seminar- -29
29- -30
30March
March2016)
2016)
Patrons:
Shri Parasji Jain
Cabinet Minister
Govt. of Madhya Pradesh
Prof. Usha Shrivastav

Additional Director (Ujjain)
Higher Education Department
Shri Vijay Bhatkar

National President, Vigyan Bharti
Shri Kavindra Kiyawat

Collector & President Janbhagidari
Advisors
1. Prof. N. K. Dar Rtd Additional Director DHE, Indore

2. Prof. Satish Gaur, Rtd. Principal
3. Prof. A. K. Vajpai, Rtd Principal
4. Prof. Rekha Gawarikar, Rtd Principal
5. Prof. R. C. Verma, Head S. S. in Botany VU, Ujjain
6. Prof. M.S, Parihar, Head S. S. in Zoology VU, Ujjain
7. Prof. D. M. Kumawat, S. S. in Env. Mgmt. VU, Ujjain
8. Prof. Alka Vyas, Head S. S. in Microbiology, VU, Ujjain
9. Prof. B. S. Makkad, Principal, Govt. Madhav College, Ujjain
10. Prof. T. Sapru, Principal, Govt. PG Girls College, Ujjain
11. Prof. Y.K. Mukhiya, Principal Govt. College, Mahidpur
12. Prof. N.K. Shrivastav Principal, Govt. New Science College, Dewas
13. Dr. Sudha Mall Rtd. Prof. S S in Microbiology, VU Ujjain
External Committee
1. Prof. H. S. Dwivedi, Govt. Madhav Science College, Ujjain
2. Dr. S. C. Mehta, Govt. PG College, Jaora
3. Dr. Bholeshwar Dubey, Govt. Moti Tabela PG Girls College, Indore
4. Dr. Aanand Singh, Govt. College Sihore
5. Dr. P. B. Reddy, Govt. Arts & Commerce College, Ratlam
6. Dr. Vinodsingh Gaur Amity University, Jaipur
7. Dr. Dheeraj Rathod, Central University, Gujrat
8. Dr. Deepali Jat, Dr. Harisingh Gaur University, Sagar
9. Dr. Chitra Kadel, President Shakti Madhya Pradesh Unit
10. Dr. Dilip Soni, Secretary, Vigyan Bharati Ujjain Unit
:
,
Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)
Page 2
Strategies for Sustainable Use of Land, Water, Air, Agriculture and Energy Resources
(National Seminar - 29 - 30 March 2016)
Our College: Local organizing committee
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Teaching
Prof. Mahesh Sharma
Prof. Shailendra Bharal
Prof. Dinesh Singhal
Prof. Sudha Shrivastav
Prof. Amita Singhal
Prof. Vandana Gupta
Dr. Harish Vyas
Smt Sarita Yadav
Dr. Meena Moghe
Dr. Ibrahim Ali
Dr. Prakash Kadotiya
Smt Indu Bansal
Dr. Madhu Gautam
Smt Preeti Gupta
Prof. Vandana Jain
Dr. Aruna Dubey
Shri Vishal Tankley
Prof. Vandana Malviya
Dr. Anil Dixit
Dr. Kamla Chauhan
Dr. Kavita Jain
Mrs. Sarojini Topno
Dr. L. N. Sharma
Smt. Archana Chauhan
Mr. Shekhar Disawar
Mr. Bramhadatt Shukla
Mr. Afajal Mansoori
Mr. Sandeep Kumar
Mr. Kamlesh Depale
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Non-teaching
Dr. Leena Shah
Shri Rajesh Raghuwanshi
Shri Vishwas Ghudgaonkar
Shri Anil Joshi
Shri Sudarshan Dubey
Shri Mahesh Purohit
Shri Jagdish Kushwah
Smt Kusum Shrivastav
Mr. Rajendra Karadkar
Mr. Rakesh Ghugre
Smt. Parwatibai
Smt. Laxmibai
Mr. Akhilesh Joshi
Mr. Lokesh Moriya
Mr. Jitendra Khemada
Mr. Kanhaiyalal Dagdi
Ms. Harshita Rathore
Mr. Sunil Kalosiya
Mr. Sunil Jadhav
Smt. Jyoti Ghawari
Mr. Mullusingh
Page 3
Strategies
Strategiesfor
forSustainable
SustainableUse
Useof
ofLand,
Land,Water,
Water,Air,
Air,Agriculture
Agricultureand
andEnergy
EnergyResources
Resources
(National
(NationalSeminar
Seminar--29
29--30
30March
March2016)
2016)
SEMINAR - THEMES
Strategies for sustainable use of land
Causes of land degradation
Land encroachment
Land management
Wetland management
Strategies for sustainable use of water
Industrial waste water management
Sewage management
Water recycling
Water harvesting
Strategies for sustainable use of air
Air pollution and modernisation
Air pollution and ecosystem
Air pollution and health
Air pollution control strategies
Strategies for sustainable use of agriculture
Sustainable agriculture practices
Organic farming
Agricultural biodiversity
Restoration of soil
Strategies for sustainable use of Energy
Impact of non-renewable energy sources on society
Renewable sources of energy
Energy management
Energy efficient ecosystem
Green energy - clean energy concept
Page 4
Principal's Message
I feel proud that Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College is organising National Seminar on a
very relevant topic which concerns everyone. Looking at the inadequate infrastructure and
various other constraints, I am amazed at the initiative taken by the team of our college. The
enthusiasm and hard work of teachers, non teaching staff and students have achieved the
unimaginable task. I congratulate all the members of Govt. Kalidas Girls College and
welcome all guests and delegates in the seminar.
I hope the deliberations and discussions in the seminar will broaden our understanding
and will compel everyone to think about environmental issues and take step for building green
and clean India.
I extend my good wishes for the success of the event.
(Prof. Mahesh Sharma)

Principal
Page 5
From Desk...........
The whole universe is made of five basic elements known as "Panch - Tatwas" which include
Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Akaash. Population explosion and industrialization has resulted in
indiscriminate use of natural resources which has caused pollution of land, water and air. We
are facing various environmental problems like global warming, acid rains, photochemical
smog, ozone hole, deforestation, desertification and climate changes. There is increase in
diseases like cancer, allergies, respiratory problems and many other harmful effects on human
health and environment. Hence, the major challenge before us today is to provide better
quality of life for everyone now and for future generations. To meet the demands of
increasing population we have construct buildings, cut trees, open industries, build dams, start
nuclear power stations and use all natural resources to their maximum efficiencies. We cannot
stop this, but the society should think and proceed to develop in planned and strategic manner
so that harm to environment and human health should can be prevented or minimized. We
have to adopt green technologies in every sector like switching to organic farming, using non
polluting sources of energy and inculcate the habits of reduce, reuse and recycling of products
used by us. In this two days seminar scientists, teachers, students and intellectual members of
the society will present their research findings and discuss various inventions, discoveries
which can help in planning strategies for sustainable use of natural resources.
The environmentalist is not the man who says the environment is polluted. The
environmentalist is the man who cleans up the environment.
Page 6
SEMINAR-PROGRAM
DAY - 01
TUESDAY
DATE: 29.03.2016
1. Registration
: 08.30 AM - 10.00 AM
2. Breakfast
: 08.30 AM - 10.00 AM
3. Pre - Inaugural session
: 10.00 AM- 11.30 AM
4. Inaugural Session
: 11.30 AM - 01.00 PM
5. Lunch
: 01.00 PM - 02.00 PM
6. Poster Session
: 01.00 PM - 05.00 PM
7. Technical Session 1 (Hall)
: 02.00 PM - 03.30 PM
8. Technical Session 2 (Botany Lab)
: 02.00 PM - 03.30 PM
9. Tea Break
: 03.30 PM - 03.45 PM
: 03.45 PM - 05.30 PM
: 03.45 PM - 05.30 PM
DAY - 02
WEDNESDAY
DATE: 30.03.2016
1. Breakfast
: 08.30 AM - 09.30 AM
: 09.30 AM - 11.30 AM
: 09.30 AM - 11.30 AM
4. Tea Break
: 11.30 AM - 11.45 AM
5. Technical session 7 (Hall)
: 11.45 PM - 01.00 PM
6. Technical session 8 (Botany Lab)
: 11.45 PM - 01.00 PM
7. Award distribution
: 01.00 PM - 02.00 PM
8. Lunch
: 02.00 PM - 03.00 PM
9. Panel Discussion
: 03.00 PM - 04.30 PM
10. Farewell of Guest after Tea
: 04.30 PM - 05.00 PM
Dr. Harish Vyas

Organizing Secretary
Dr. Mahesh Sharma

Principal
-
Page 7
CONTENTS
S. No.
1.
Title of Abstract and Author/s

Organic food and human health - Richa agrawal, Neha Sharma and
Page
No.
17
D.S.Rathore
2.
Benthos as an best indicator tool of aquatic ecosystem -
18
Archna Akhand, Dr. Pratibha Akhand and Dr. Sharad Shrivastava

3.
Climate change and its impact on aquatic biodiversiry -
19
Dr. Pratibha Akhand and Archna Akhand

4.
Effect of spirulina (nutritional supplement) on rearing performance of eri

silkworm (philosamia ricini) in respect of some larval and cocoon
parameter - Dr. Ulka Yadav and Ashok Bagdi
20
5.
Induction of UV absorbing substances in Lawsonia alba in response to

ambient levels of UV radiation - Mamta Bhoj Baroniya, Harish Vyas and
Anurag Titov
Microbiological analysis of water bodies in Dewas, M.P. India Sanjay Singh Baroniya, Mamta Bhoj Baroniya, Renu Namdeo and N. K.
Shrivastava
Growth and peroxidase activity in soyabean as affected by ambient UV
radiation - Sanjay Singh Baroniya.
Scenario of Renewable and Nonrenewable energy in India - Dr. Ulka
Yadav and Rajkumari Batham
Atmospheric life blanket of earth is polluted by air - Shaziya Bi
21
10.
Protozoan Diversity of Kshipra River with relation to pollution status and

health - Shivi Bhasin, Arvind N. Shukla and Sharad Shrivastava
26
11.
Influence of organic and conventional management practices on soil
27
6.
7.
8.
9.
22
23
24
25
quality in tropical environment - Nisar A. Bhat, A. Riar, B. Sisodia, S.

Iqbal, S. K. Sharma, M. Sharma, A. Ramesh and Gurbir S. Bhullar
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Development of resistant uropathogen a major cause of increased urinary

tract infections - Miss Kaina Bhonsle, Dr. Harish Vyas and Dr. Alka Vyas
Ecological concern in the Bhagwat Gita - Devendra Kumar Budholiya
28
Green Energy Clean energy Concept for Sustainability - Dr. Shobha

Chaturvedi
Assessment of SPM Removal Efficiency of Roadside Plants in Various
Seasons - Indra Jeet Chaudhary and Dheeraj Rathore
30
Isolation of endophytic fungi from Maize (Zea mays) seeds - Choudhary

U., Vyas H. and Vyas A.
32
29
31
Page 8
17.
Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Prospective candidates for

biosorption - Ravneet Chug
33
18.
CAM plants as bio-indicators of Desertification in Malwa region of

Madhya Pradesh, India - Dr. Harish Vyas, Dr. Anurag Titov and
Kanhaiyalal Dangi
34
19.
Biofuels from Microalgae - Preeti Dass and Chitralekha Kadel
35
20.
Organic farming and sustainable agriculture - Dr (Smt) Chhaya

Deshmukh
Effect of 5- HTP and L-DOPA on serum testosterone in albino rats - Dr.
Sapna Dey and Manju Junwal
36
22.
Effect of organic and conventional farming on soil quality and crop

productivity: A comparative analysis - Sangeeta Dongre, N. K. Jain and
Sanjay Sharma
38
23.
National Green Tribunal (NGT) : A Safe Guard to Our Environment Akshansh Dubey
39
24.
Loss of Biodiversity and Climate change - Ashwani Kumar Dubey and

Kailash Chandra
Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Bhopal and Raisen District of
40
21.
25.
37
41
Madhya Pradesh - Manisha Dubey

26.
Comparative efficacy of Imazethapyr and 2,4-D on the germination

potential of Wheat Var. Lok-1 - Dwivedi H.S., Khanday Arshid Ahmad
and Dwivedi P.
42
27.
Low Cost Technology for removal of copper by Neurospora strains - Dr.

Anubha Gang, Dr. Harish Vyas and Dr. Alka Vyas
43
28.
Smart Management of Natural Resources for Sustainable Development Vinod Singh Gour
44
29.
Plastic Waste Management with reference to Simhasth in Ujjain - Dr.

P.K. Jain
45
30.
The Environmental Issues in English Literature - Dr. L. S. Gorasya
46
31.
An overview of renewable energy potential in India R.K.GUJETIYA

Green Energy: Clean Source of Energy for Sustainable Development - Dr.
AnshujaTiwari and Ms. Devkanya Gupta
47
Role of fungal biomass in hazardous Industrial Effluents - Reshu Gupta,

Neha Sharma and D.S. Rathore
Sun the source of clean and green energy - Vinod Kumar Gupta
49
Effects of anthropogenic activities on the productivity of wetland - Parul

Gurjar, Kuldeep Lakhera and Vipin Vyas
51
32.
33.
34.
35.
48
50
Page 9
36.
Land degradation - Causes and Mitigation measures for Better

Environment - Shweta Singh and Dr. Sushil Manderia
52
37.
Concept Map of Pollution - Dr. Sanjay Jain
53
38.
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A tool for Plants Health check-up - Dr

Anjana Jajoo
54
39.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants: An overview - Deepali Jat
55
40.
Aeromycological study of Microbiology department of Vikram University

- Meghna Joshi, Noureen Qureshi, Reena Sharma, Diksha Bhargava,
Sheetal Chouhan and Dr. Preeti Dass
56
41.
Solar Light mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waster Water

treatment containing Carbamate Insecticide using flower like nano BiOCl
- Brijesh Pare, Satish Piplode and Vaishali Joshi
57
42.
A case study of Human iron deficiency Anaemia in different age groups

from Ujjain (M.P.) India - Manju Junwal, Dr. Ismail Bhai
58
43.
Study of Neurospora mutants having defects in growth - Paridhi Singh

Kanojia, Harish Vyas and Alka Vyas
59
44.
Detection of microbial contamination in milk and milk products with

special reference to sanchi products - Khushboo Khan and Nishat Khan
60
45.
A survey studyrelated to latest technologies of water recycle - Shehnaz

Khan
61
46.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for inhibition of

neovascularisation - Rekha Khandia, Abhinav Dwivedi and Ashok K
Munjal
62
47.
Habitat Conservation of Indicator bird-Passer-domesticus - Dr. Smt.

Neerja Khare
62
48.
Water Management: A global concern - DM Kumawat
64
49.
Comparative study of beneficial soil macro organisms of black cotton soil

in the agricultural fields around Nagda - Dr. K. K. Kumbhkar
65
50.
Saving the Environment for our bright future - Dr. Manmeet Kaur
Makkad
Organic Farming: The Basis of Sustainable Agriculture - Sudha Mall
66
52.
Butea monosperma medicinal value and health benefits - Smt Sapna

Malviya
68
53.
Generation & Conservation of Energy A Concept for Sustainable Smart

City - Dr. Sushil Manderia
69
54.
Feeding behavior of Presbytis entellus in amarkantak forest areas of M.P.
70
51.
67
Page 10
- Dr. Mukesh Singh Mewada and Dr. Sushil Manderia
55.
Taxonomical study on hyphomycetes fungi of Jabalpur - Saket Mishra,

Monika Pandey and Surendra Sarsaiya
71
56.
Organic farming and sustainability of agricultural system - Dr.Anupama

Modi
Biodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene: A Molecular Approach
72
57.
73
Ashutosh Bahuguna, R.N. Singh and Ashok Munjal

Development V/s Environmental Issues in the Western Ghats A
Commentary on Madhav Gadgil and Kasturirangan Reports - Dr.
Jayakrishnan Nair
Impact analysis of air pollution and health effect - Dr. Rajkumar Neema
74
60.
A review on Solid waste management of municipal in Indian cities - Dr.

Kanti Pachori
76
61.
Impact of global warming and changing climate on plant biodiversity Sanjay Singh Baroniya and Pramod Palshya
Bioremediation: A tool for sustainable environment - Dr. Archana
Pancholi and Dr. Giriraj Sharma
77
63.
Environmental impact of land clearing in swap lands - Dr. Anil Pandey
79
64.
Impact of Dairy Additives on Human Health - Arjun Shukla and Monika

Pandey
80
65.
Health and environmental concerns in waste water management - Dr.

Shakuntala Pandey
Waste Water Remediation: Visible-light induced Photocatalytic
Mineralization of Methylene Green Dye using BaCrO4 Photocatalyst Brijesh Pare and Vijendra Singh Solanki
Bioactive compounds modulated cell signalling in prevention of
Parkinsons disease - Priyanka Parihar and M.S. Parihar
81
68.
Seasonal trends in physio-chemical parameters and zooplankton in a

freshwater reservoir of Dejla Dewada, Khargone, M.P. - S.K.Pathak and
Sandhya Kshetrey
84
69.
Bio-monitoring of Automobile Pollution Using Total Phenol Contents of

Leaves of Some Road Side Trees of Ujjain - Dr. Madhu Purohit and
Ranjana Gupta
85
70.
Study of ground water quality in Barwani district with special reference to

fluoride status and flourosis in human - A. Qureshi, A. Chouhan, C. S.
Shrivastava and A. Pal
86
71.
Status of wetlands in Ujjain and measures for restoration - Miss Noureen

Qureshi and Miss Meghna Joshi
Response of Saffron Plant (Crocus sativus L.) against Particulate
Pollutants around industrial belt Khrew, Kashmir -
87
58.
59.
62.
66.
67.
72.
75
78
82
83
88
Page 11
Rouf ur Rafiq and D M Kumawat
73.
Wetland retention: Redefining community based approach - Rumeet

Kaur Raina and Dr Vipin Vyas
89
74.
Role of Botanical Gardens in Biodiversity Conservation - Hitendra K.

Ram and Sunil Pathak
90
75.
The drinking water as quasi fundamental (human) right

(Indian Panorama) - Dr. Archana Ranka
Water crisis: a global issue - Neha Sharma and D.S. Rathore
91
93
78.
An overview of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for

biofuels - Dheeraj Rathore and Anoop Singh
Land management becomes global challenges - Madhubala Rathore
79.
Environmental impact on birds - Dr. Saroj Vikram Ratnakar
95
80.
Assessment of carbon capture and sequestration (ccs) for mitigating the

climate change - Reddy, P.B
96
81.
Biotechnological potential: Sustainable use of blue green algae as

biofertilizer - Rimsha Rizvi, Manju Jain and P.N.Shrivastava
97
82.
Physico-chemical and microbiological evaluation of water quality

Ranapur area, Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India - Kiran Kumar Sadhav and
S. M. A. Naqwi
Bio-fuel: A sustainable approach to meet the demand of energy in future Mahesh Kumar Saini and Shrikant Wankhede
Isolation of cellulase producing bacteria from soil - Tarun Sankhala,
98
76.
77.
83.
84.
92
94
99
100
Harish Vyas and Alka Vyas

85.
Biosorption for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions: A review - Jyoti

Shah and Rajeev Sharma
101
86.
Sustainable Use of Solar Energy in Green Libraries - Dr. Mukesh Kumar

Shah, Prof. Sudhir Kumar, Dr. Leena Shah and Miss Chetna Boriwal
102
87.
Save Universal Solvent: Every Drop is Precious - Ms Priyanka Shah
103
88.
Nrf2 is a master regulator of cytoprotective gene expression - Garima
104
Sharama and M.S. Parihar

89.
Quantitative estimation of airborne fungal pollutants in Ujjain city -
105
Sharma Harshad, Vyas Harish and Vyas Alka.

90.
Water Analysis of Ice-cream industry (Hamu Khedi) in Ujjain - Ishvar
106
Sharma
91.
Land sustainability through indigenous microflora management D.M.Kumawat & Manish K Sharma
107
92.
Noise pollution:- An impact of modern life style - Prachi Sharma, Saloni
108
Page 12
Sen, Jyoti Upadhyay and Darshna Goyal
93.
Environmental Pollution and Nutrition - Dr Rekha Sharma
109
94.
Spirulina species showing Hepatoprotective effect in Albino Rats against

toxicity of Carbon tetra chloride as water pollutant - Richa Agrawal,
Shikha Sharma, Renu Mukharaiya
110
95.
Impact of Organic manure, Chemical fertilizer and their combination on

the Protein content of Soybean (Glycine max L.) - Pinky Dwivedi,
Muzafer Ahmad Sheikh and H.S Dwivedi
111
96.
Pollution & Health : A Review - Dr.Bharti Shrivastav
112
97.
Sustainable Agricultural Practices : Blending with Spiritual Approach -
114
Ram Krishna Shrivastava

98.
Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon through Micro-Organisms

from Contaminants Site - Vanshika Shrivastava and Dr. Sushil Manderia
116
99.
Role of social forestry in urban development in special reference to Ujjain

- Miss Akanksha Shrivastava and Dr. Harish Vyas
Impact of Dairy Farming on Water Health in Pariyat Region of Jabalpur
(M.P.) - Monika Pandey and Arjun Shukla
117
101.
Impact of Dairy Farming on Water Health in Pariyat Region of Jabalpur

(M.P.) - Monika Pandey and Arjun Shukla
119
102.
Impact of Textiles and Clothing Industry on Environment: Approach
120
100.
118
towards Eco-Friendly Textile - Dr. D K Singhal and Deepa Chourasiya

103.
Sustainable forest management - Sisodiya K.P.S. and Namdev B.
121
104.
Effects of bioactive compounds in improving brain mitochondrial

functions: Impact on neurodegenerative diseases - Isha Solanki and M.S.
Parihar
Air Pollution in Rural Area - Megha Solanki, Shikha Gosar, Pooja Thakur
and Mamta Sharma
122
105.
106.
107.
Green Roof Technology: A strategy for sustainable development Dr. Dilip Soni, Dr, Indresh Mangal and Dr. Ajay Saxena
Effect of Different Microbial Treatments on Germination, Seedling
123
124
125
Growth and Other Quality Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) - Azad
Ahmad Wani & Dr. Anurag Titov
108.
109.
110.
Occurrence of Pseudomonas in Downstream of Chiller Dam, M.P., India Kirti Tiwari (Dube)
The Study of Sewage treatment or domestic wastewater Dr. Nitin Tiwari and Smt. Priyanka Tiwari
Harmful effects of non-renewable sources of energy - Dr Seema Trivedi
126
127
128
Page 13
111.
Sustainable Agriculture - Dr. Jyoti Vaidya
129
112.
Sewage - Fish Culture - Dr Shubhangi Vaidya
130
113.
Genetics, Evolution and the Origin of species - R.C. Verma
131
114.
Impact of waste water irrigation; Hazards and prospects with special

reference to Indore City - Ranjana Verma
132
115.
Treatment of Acidic Wastewater from Steel Industry: Comparison of

Biomass and Algae Treatment - Dr. Sanjay Verma, Dr. Ashok Sharma and
Dr. Sarita Sharma
133
116.
Biotic Integrity and Diversity of Riverine Wetland using Fish Assemblage

- Parul Gurjar, Kripal Singh Vishwakarma and Vipin Vyas
134
117.
Wetland Conservation as Wetland bird habitats: Case studies of Bhoj and

Barna wetlands of Central India - Vipin Vyas, Satish Balapure and Hina
Chaudhary
135
118.
Green Chemistry for Pollution Prevention - Dr. Meena Wadhwani
136
119.
Screening of Plastic Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Waste Disposal
137
Sites - Mohana Yadav and Dr.Sushil Manderia

120.
Audit- 1st step towards sustainability - Sarita Yadav and Avanindra Yadav
138
121.
Shale gas: The Game Changer as future energy resource of India Ulka Yadav and Neeta Jadhav
139
122.
Impact of global warming and changing climate on plant biodiversity Sanjay Singh Baroniya, Pramod Palshya
Survey of Insect pests damaging Brassica and Solanum crops Dr. Shailja Acharya,
140
124.
Environmental Development - Kamlesh Depale
142
125.
21oha lnh dk ladV&ty ladV - izks- deyk pkSgku
144
126.
v{k; mtkZ esa mHkjrk e-iz- - Ekk[kuyky /kkuqd
146
127.
ekuo&thou esa ouksa dh mi;ksfxrk - MkW- vkHkk nhf{kr
147
128.
ty gh thou gS - MkW- vfuy nhf{kr
148
129.
149
130.
ok;q iznq"k.k dk c<+rk izHkko - MkW-a jpuk tSu
150
131.
ty laj{k.k ltxrk ds mik; - MkW-
132.
Hkwfe voHkze.k (Cause of Land Degradation) - pkanuh tk;loky
123.
tSu, MkW- eksgEen 'kkfdj eUlwjh
141
152
153
Page 14
133.
Ekkyoh yksd psruk vkSj Ik;kZoj.k - MkW- oUnuk tSu, Jherh dknfEcuh tkskh
154
134.
ty laj{k.k ,oa izcU/k - MkW- larksk tkskh
155
135.
156
136.
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137.
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160
138.
izkfrd L=ksr Hkwfe laj{k.k ,oa izca/ku - Jherh lquhrk eqtkYns
161
139.
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162
140.
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164
141.
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165
142.
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'kekZ, MkW- vkHkk frokjh
166
143.
173
144.
ewY;ijd f'k{kk vkSj Ik;kZoj.k tkx:drk - MkW- Jherh lhek 'kekZ, MkW- vkHkk
frokjh
Hkkjr esa tyok;q ifjoZru ij jk"Vh; dk;Z;kstuk - MkW- lat; flag
145.
bZ&dpjk ,oa bldk izcU/ku - MkW- vferk fla?ky, MkW- fnus'k dqekj fla?ky
177
146.
178
147.
^îzfr dk vuqie migkj gS**- 'kkor ;kSfxd [ksrh - MkW- lqjsUnz dqekj xkSM+,
eukst dqekj fllksfn;k
Tky laj{k.k ,oa fuoZguh; mi;ksx esa O;fDr dh Hkwfedk - fLerk lq[kooky
148.
i;kZoj.k esa tyizcU/ku dk ego - fiz;adk f=ikBh, mes'k dqekj
180
149.
izkfrd lalk/kuksa ds mi;ksx dh /kkj.kh; ;qfDr % thou 'kSyh esa cnyko Jherh izhfr xqIrk]
181
150.
ikfjfLFkfrdh n'kZu ,oa mldk ewY;cks/k - lUnhi dqekj
182
157
175
179
Page 15
Page 16
Organic food and human health
Richa agrawal, Neha Sharma and D.S.Rathore
Dept. of Biotechnology,Govt. K.R.G.P.G (Auto)College, Gwalior (M.P.)
Email: drneha16may@gmail.com
Abstract
Healthy food and good nutrition are the vital components for maintaining health and
preventing diseases. The green revolution increased the production of food grains to many
folds but this also led to uncontrolled use of pesticides and many ill practices in farming.
However, during the past decade, organic farming has become very popular because it
establishes the nutritional values of the food. The organic food thus produced may be in the
form of grains, vegetables, oilseed, meat, poultry, eggs, milk etc. There have been many
contributing factors for the increased demand of organic food. For example, they are high in
nutritional quality and quantity and have no or low residues of pesticides. The mechanism
behind this is that the organically-grown fruits, vegetables and cereals obtain nutrients from
healthy soils and the pests are managed through non-harmful ecological means. Compared to
their conventionally-grown counterparts, they have higher nutrient density because of lower
water content. They reserve higher amount of magnesium, iron, vitamins, and antioxidants.
They also have balanced essential amino acids content. The organically grown food has also
been proved to be resistant to many bacterial and fungal infections. However many of the
facts are yet to be established. Still it has been confirmed that the organically grown food does
contain significantly lower amount of pesticides as low as 25% of the conventionally grown
food. Pesticides are directly related to many diseases and complications in human body. The
absence of pesticides makes the organic food very safe for consumption and the more
concentrated vitamins and minerals enhance their nutritious values. Most importantly, organic
farming has been proved to have less environmental impact. Therefore organic farming and
consumption of organic food can provide better health for human being as well as
environment.
Keywords: Organic Food, Pesticides, Antioxidants.
Page 17
Benthos as an best indicator tool of aquatic ecosystem

Archna Akhand *, Dr. Pratibha Akhand **, Dr. Sharad Shrivastava *
School of studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.)*
Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt. Girls P. G. College Ujjain (M.P.)**
Corresponding authors: akhandarchna44@gmail.com
pratibhaakhand14@gmail.com
sharadshrivastava@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystem is the most multifarious ecosystem in the world. It depends upon
various interdependent and interrelated factors that are vital for its existence and play a role in
the maintenance of ecological balance. Water is the medium which gave birth to the first
primitive living molecules. No life can exist without it. The flow of energy, the cycling of
nutrients and aquatic system depends upon this medium. The animal lives on sediment,
detritus, rocks, logs and aquatic plant during their entire life cycle, usually termed as Benthos.
They divided into three categories in to Macrobenthos, Meiobenthos and Microbenthos.
Benthos represents an extremely divers group of aquatic animals and the large numbers of
species possess a wide range of responses to stressors such as organic pollutant, sediments
and toxicants. Benthic communities are often used as biological indicators because they can
provide information on environmental conditions either due to the sensitivity of single species
(indicator species) or because of some generals feature that makes them integrate
environmental signals over a long period of time. Water pollution has become one of the most
severe problems of todays civilization. Benthos are one of the best biological indicators of
water quality monitoring, their presence or absence provides a reliable picture of the river
ecosystem. These organisms can indicate the past and present state of the aquatic ecosystem
including the accumulative effects, intermittent discharge and reflect the long term or chronic
effects of pollution.
Key Words- Aquatic ecosystem, Benthos, Macrobenthos, Meiobenthos and Microbenthos.
Page 18
Climate change and its impact on aquatic biodiversiry

Dr. Pratibha Akhand *, Archna Akhand **
Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt. Girls P. G. College Ujjain (M.P.)*
School of studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.)* *
Corresponding authors: akhandarchna44@gmail.com
pratibhaakhand14@gmail.com
Abstract
The diversity of life on earth is dramatically affected by human alterations of
ecosystems. Biodiversity is continually transformed by a changing climate. Due to change of
earths climate, the impacts are being left by biodiversity and wild life habitants across the
planate. Climate change is already changing the distribution and abundance of aquatic
ecosystem. The natural world is being affected by the global climate change specially the
plants major biomes like forests, marine, high latitudes and montane. The cause of
contemporary and future changes in climate has significant impact on fish population, ocean
plankton regimes, coral reefs, marine ecosystems and mangrove ecosystems. Long term
changes in the biodiversity of marine ecosystems can be understood through the study of the
structure of the food web both in terms of nonpolar food webs and polar food webs. Human
demands for aquatic ecosystem quantity and quality now pose severe threats. The multiple
human stressors of aquatic ecosystems will interact with future climate change. Current
biodiversity changes are still largely driver by anthropogenic alteration of habitat. Societies
needs to develop and implement appropriate strategies to reduce the risks associated with
changing climate and mitigation majors to be adopted to reduce global green house emission.
There is a need for prevention of extinction through sound planning and management. There
is an urgent need to step up efforts to mitigate the losses in biodiversity and implement long
term measures to preserve this rich treasure.
Key Words- Aquatic Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Marine, Forest.
Page 19
Effect of spirulina (nutritional supplement) on rearing performance of eri silkworm

(philosamia ricini) in respect of some larval and cocoon parameter.
Dr. Ulka Yadav*, Ashok Bagdi
*Head of Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G.Girls Degree College, Ujjain (M.P.)
Govt. P.G. Madhav Vigyan Mahavidhyalaya, Ujjain (M.P.)
Abstract
Spirulina is a blue-green microalgae. It contains 18 amino acids and vital vitamins
like Biotin, Tocopherol, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic acid, Pyrodozoic acid, Betacarotene and Vitamin B12 etc. These nutrients are very easy to digest Protein (biliprotein) &
Carbohydrates. Other different minerals and trace minerals, Beta-carotene, Chlorophyll, GLA
Omega-3 fatty acid are also found in Spirulina.
For this study we have conducted the experiments to know the effect of Spirulina (at
different dosages & at different intervals) on the rearing performance of Eri-silkworm
Philosamia ricini.
We have grouped the worms along with their control and then the experimental groups
were treated with the different dosages of Spirulina specially to find the effect on the larval
and cocoon parameter (Larval length, Larval weight, Cocoon weight and shell weight). Then
the collected datas were subjected to statistical analysis .All the results were found significant.
Keywords: Silkworm, Philosamia ricini, Spirulina, Larval parameter, Cocoon parameter.
Page 20
Induction of UV absorbing substances in Lawsonia alba in response to ambient levels of

UV radiation
Mamta Bhoj Baroniya1, Harish Vyas2, Anurag Titov3
1
Department of Botany, Govt. Science College Dewas, M.P., India

Department of Botany, Govt. Kalidas Girls College Ujjain, M.P., India
3
Department of Botany, Govt. Madhav Science College Ujjain, M.P., India
2
Abstract
Plants use sunlight for photosynthesis and, as a consequence, are also exposed to solar
ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to UV-B can result in
a wide variety of morphological alterations in higher plants. Plants are protected against the
penetration of UV-B into internal tissues by accumulating phenolic compounds to absorb the
excess UV-B radiation. Flavonoids are produced primarily in the epidermal layers of the
leaves and absorb UV-B radiation effectively while transmitting PAR to the chloroplasts. In
addition to their role as sunscreens, flavonoids are also known to have an antioxidant function
and can help dissipate UV-B radiation within the leaf. The present investigation was
conducted to assess the amount of UV absorbing substances produced in the leaves of
Lawsonia alba. The leaves of L. alba have long been used in India and Middle East countries
as a cosmetic for colouring palms of hands and dyeing of hair for personal adornment. Results
of this study indicate the present levels of ambient UV radiation are capable of inducing
substantial amount of UAS in the leaves of L alba. Plants with higher amount of UAS could
be utilized for the production of UV sunscreens.
Keywords: UAS, Flavonoids, Ambient UV radiation, UV sunscreens
Page 21
Microbiological analysis of water bodies in Dewas, M.P. India

Sanjay Singh Baroniya1, Mamta Bhoj Baroniya1, Renu Namdeo2, N. K. Shrivastava
1
2
Dept of Botany, Govt. science college Dewas, M.P., India

Dept of microbiology, Govt. science college Dewas, M.P. India
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the microbiological status of two water bodies of
Dewas district, Malwa region, M.P. India. The study reveals that the water samples collected
from these water bodies were found to contain micro flora responsible for causing various
reported diseases in human beings. Here we present the results of various samples collected
from Meetha pond and Raja Nal pond, dewas. The water samples were found to have
substantial contaminations. Coliform group of bacteria are differentiated by the presumptive
test, confirmatory test and completed test. The isolated microbes were identified as
Salmonella, Enterobacter, E. Coli, Shigella and Klebsilla. Education and awareness about the
harmful effects of contaminated water amongst the consumers is of utmost importance.
Keywords: Coliform, contamination, Meetha pond, Raja Nal pond, Water analysis.
Page 22
Growth and peroxidase activity in soyabean as affected by ambient UV radiation

Sanjay Singh Baroniya.
Department of Botany, Govt. New Science College, Dewas, (M.P.)-452017, India
Email: sanjay_singhb@yahoo.com
Abstract
Soybean variety NRC-7 was grown under vinyl filters that could exclude UV-B and
UV-A (<320 and 380 nm) part of the natural solar spectrum. Exclusion of UV-B and UV-A+B
both from solar radiation promoted leaf area, internodal length and plant height. Among the
antioxidant enzymes, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase was significantly reduced by
exclusion of UV-B and UV-A+B both. Analysis of isoforms of antioxidant enzyme by nativePAGE and activity staining revealed isoforms of GPX in UV excluded soybean plant leaves
and their intensity was reduced. Hence under the normal solar radiation the guaiacol
peroxidase activity is kept higher in the control plants to counteract the oxidative stress caused
by the presence of UV-A and UV-B in the solar radiation. By the elimination of UV-B 86%
and by the elimination of UV-A+B both 91% reduction in the activity was recorded in NRC-7.
Key Words: Growth inhibition, isoforms, oxidative stress, Peroxidase activity, soybean, and
UV-exclusion.
Page 23
Scenario of Renewable and Nonrenewable energy in India

(1) Dr. Ulka Yadav (2) Rajkumari Batham
(1) Prof. & Head (Zoology & Biotech.), Govt. Girls P .G. College, Vikram University, Ujjain,
(2) Research Scholar, Govt. Madhav Science P.G. College, Vikram University, Ujjain
E-mail: ulka.yadav@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper is related with Renewable and Nonrenewable energy in reference of Indian
scenario. Energy is vital for development and this means that if India is to move to a higher
growth trajectory than is now feasible, it must ensure the reliable availability of energy. The
present energy scenario in India is not satisfactory. India needs to fully exploit the potential of
other renewable energy sources like bio fuels, wind, hydro and even nuclear energy, as
projections of energy requirements. Developed and developing countries of the world need to
understand that climate change is the major problem. So we need the better solution of it.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Nonrenewable energy, Indian scenario, Commercial Energy
and Non-commercial Energy.
Page 24
Atmospheric life blanket of earth is polluted by air

Shaziya Bi
AbGenics Lifesciences Pvt Ltd Baner, Pune Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the critical environmental problems faced in current time. A
physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as air
pollution. Major sources of air pollution include industries, automobiles and domestic fuels,
dust smoke, high proportion of undesirable gases like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and aerosols. Air pollution effects dangerously on human
health, flora, fauna, and it is also a primary reason for climate changes, weather changes,
global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion.
Now that we know these negative effects of air pollution the question is what we can do to
reduce it, and make our planet healthier place to be, and our air clean to breathe. First of all
we should start using much less our cars than we used them now, or if we are really
dependable upon them we should buy hybrid cars that release significantly less polluting
particles compared to traditional cars. Second we should make our industries more green and
green in this case means using renewable energy sources like wind, solar and geothermal
energy instead of highly polluting fossil fuels like coal and oil. Air is one of the primary
energy sources up on which the own existence depends.
If we do not prevent contaminating air and continue this current trend the number of harmful
emissions from vehicles and industry will only increase in years to come, and air pollution
problem will continue to grow. We can only hope that world will soon see that current
environmental state of air planet is more than worrying and that we must do something to
prevent seeing the worse of it. Fighting air pollution is definitely one of the best ways to help
our environment.
Page 25
Protozoan Diversity of Kshipra River with relation to pollution status and health
Shivi Bhasin, Arvind N. Shukla and Sharad Shrivastava
S.S. in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain. M.P.
Abstract
Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular Eukaryotic organisms. Some Protozoa are
human parasites causing disease including Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis,
Trichomoniasis etc. In the present study, total 12 Protozoan diversity were recorded. Higher
Protozoans density was recorded during summer while minimum was recorded during winter
season. Shannon-Wiener ranged between 0.31-1.01. Occurrence of Protozoans were
maximum in study sites which are directly affected by anthropogenic activities like
Mangalnath, Ramghat and Triveni. Presence of Arcella sps, Difllugia sps. And Vorticella sps.
in higher density indicates organic pollution and eutrophication in the river ecosystem. Some
pathogenic Protozoans like Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora
cayetanisis and Giardia lamblia were recorded which are responsible for several human
diseases. Seasonal variation and distribution of Protozoans are influenced by the
physicochemical parameters and water quality of the river. According to the findings of
present study Kshipra river is highly infested with organic pollution, immediate precautions
and intensive care is need of the hour for conservation of this sacred river.
Page 26
Influence of organic and conventional management practices on soil quality in tropical

environment.
Nisar A. Bhata*,A. Riarb, B. Sisodiac, S. Iqbala, S. K. Sharmad, M. Sharmae, A. Rameshe ,and
Gurbir S. Bhullarb
a
Holkar Science College, Indore, India
b
c
bioRe Association, Madhya Pradesh, India
d
e
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Switzerland
RVSKVV Agriculture College Indore
ICAR-Directorate of Soybean Research (DSR-ICAR), India
*Correspondence author: bhatnisarsw@gmail.com

Abstract
Agricultural management strategies to enhance the crop production are key to resolve
the complex concern of feeding the growing population of globe without harshening soil
reserves. There are growing evidences that organic management practices play a pivotal role
in improving soil quality as well as sustainable crop production. To corroborate this, the
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) Switzerland is running a long-term farming
systems comparison (SysCom) trial on vertisols in Madhya Pradesh, central India. Field plots
continuously receiving two organic (organic and biodynamic) and two conventional
(conventional and Bt-conventional) treatments on a fixed-plot basis since 2007. Studies were
carried out during 2014-15 to determine the changes in soil biological properties and
processes among different management practices taking place over time. The analysis showed
that activities of soil dehydrogenase, fluorescein dicaetate hydrolase, glucosidase,
arylsulphatase, microbial respiration, substrate induced respiration, soil microbial biomasscarbon, acid and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in organic and biodynamic
treatments compared to conventional and Bt-conventional treatments in cotton, soybean and
wheat crops. These results improve our understanding of the relationships of soil biological
properties with crop production as influenced by agricultural management practices.
Key Words: Sustainable agriculture, biodynamic, management practices, soil quality.
Page 27
Development of resistant uropathogen a major cause of increased urinary tract

infections
Miss Kaina Bhonsle1, Dr. Harish Vyas2 and Dr. Alka Vyas1
1. School of Studies in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain (India)
2. Department of Botany, Government Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain (India)
E-mail: kainabhonsle@gmail.com
Abstract
Urinary tract infection is multiplication of uropathogens in urinary tract or urinary
device. The major uropathogens causing UTI are E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Enterococcus. Among these uropathogens E. coli is predominant uropathogen
and major cause of UTI. In Ujjain cases of UTI are increasing due to emergence of multidrug
resistance uropathogens. Resistance towards drug or antibiotics is increasing because of
irrational and inadequate use of antibiotics and improper hygienic conditions.
Key words: Uropathogens, multidrug resistance, E. coli, UTI, antibiotics.
Page 28
Ecological concern in the Bhagwat Gita

Devendra Kumar Budholiya
Assistant Professor English
Govt.PG college shujalpur
Abstract
Ancient Indian scriptures are replete with invocations and praises of nature right from
the vedas till the mahabharat. Bhagwat Gita a small section of the above epic, is primarily
known as a wonderful exposition of meta physics to enable man to attain the pinnacle of
spiritual fulfillment. But little attention has been paid to the concern that the lord has
expressed regarding the ecological imbalance human kind has caused to it in the guise of so
called material development due to his rapacious tendencies. This paper is an attempt to
highlight this of -overlook aspect of the great scripture that has caught the attention of
almost all eminent philosophers, thinkers and intellectuals all over the world. This paper
particularly focuses on the third chapter that talks about various yagnas (sacrificial fires )
prevalent during the vedic period. They were in fact ritualistic devices to restore the eternal
ecological cycle of nature which is the source of both creation and sustenance of all life on
this planet. It is these nature friendly activities and their subtle symbolic implications that are
given specific attention in this paper.
Key Words: yagna, invocation, rituals
Page 29
Green Energy Clean energy Concept for Sustainability

Dr. Shobha Chaturvedi
Assistant Professor
Government Nirbhay Singh Patel Science College
A.B.Road Indore -452001
Phone: 9425070036
Email: shobhach67@gmail.com
Abstract
This study proposes some green energy strategies for sustainable development. A few
of the green strategies are taken into consideration to determine their impact ratios. Apart
from this, green energy sustainable ratio is obtained by depending upon the green energy
impact ratio, and the green energy utilization ratio that is calculated using actual energy data
taken from sources. The green energy-based sustainability ratio increases with an increase of
technological and application impact ratios. This means that all negative effects on the
industrial, technological and social developments partially and/or completely decrease
throughout the transition and utilization to and of green energy and technologies when
possible sustainable energy strategies are preferred and applied. Thus, the sustainable energy
strategies can make an important contribution to the economies of the countries where green
energy (e.g., wind, solar, tidal, biomass) is abundantly produced. Therefore, the investment in
green energy supply and progress should be encouraged by governments and other authorities
for a green energy replacement of fossil fuels for more environmentally benign and
sustainable future.
Page 30
Assessment of SPM Removal Efficiency of Roadside Plants in Various Seasons
Indra Jeet Chaudhary, Dheeraj Rathore*

School of Environment & Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat,
Gandhinagar Sector-30, Gujarat -382030
*email: dheeraj.rathore@cug.ac.in
Abstract
Air pollution possess significant threats to human health. WHO (2014) estimated
around 3.7 million human deaths were attributed to air pollution worldwide. Air suspended
particulate matter (SPM), depending on the size and weight of particles, remains in the air for
varying length of time. The plant foliar surface is the most important receptor of atmospheric
pollutants. It undergoes several structural and functional changes when particulate-laden air
strikes it. Suspended Particulate matter (SPM) is one of the most dangerous air contaminants.
Trees function as the biological filters therefor, considered as a valuable way of reduce burden
of particles in air. Foliar surface of plants is continuously exposed to the surrounding
atmosphere and is therefore the main receptor of dust. This physical trait can be used to
determine the level of dust in the surroundings as well as the ability of individual plant
species to intercept and mitigate with it. The present research was undertaken to study the
dust deposition efficiency of selected common roadside plant species during three seasons
viz. summer, rainy and winter and the response of dust deposition on the biochemical aspect
of leaves such as pH, relative water content and total chlorophyll. The result showed
maximum dust deposition in winter followed by summer and rainy for all plant species. It was
also seen that total chlorophyll and relative water content decreased whereas pH of leaf
extract increased with the increasing dust load. The result shows significant negative and
positive correlation between dust deposition and RWC, Total chlorophyll and pH
respectively. The highest and the lowest dust deposition rates were observed in Ficus
bengalensis and Albizia lebbeck respectively. Thus plants can be used in the abatement of
dust pollution by acting as natural filters.
Key word- Suspended Particulate Matter, Foliage, Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Relative
water contents.
Page 31
Isolation of endophytic fungi from Maize (Zea mays) seeds.

Choudhary U.1, Vyas H.2 and Vyas A.1
1. School of Studies in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain (India)
2. Department of Botany, Government Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain ( India)
E-mail: uzmaanwar403@gmail.com
Abstract
Endophytic microbes are a very diverse and a common group of organisms that can be
found in apparently healthy plant tissues and can be present in different plant organs such as
leaves, needles, stems and roots. Endophytic microorganisms within plants have been shown
to aid N and P nutrition and protect plants from diseases, pests and abiotic stresses. In this
study we have isolated endophytic fungi from seeds of maize. Two types of maize seeds (dry
and wet) were used for the isolation of endophytic fungi. The isolation was done on Potato
Dextrose agar (PDA) medium supplemented with antibiotic Chloroamphenicol. In this paper
we describe the beneficial aspects of endophytic fungi and their role in sustainable
agriculture.
Key words: Endophyte, Fungi, Maize, PDA, sustainable agriculture.
Page 32
Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Prospective candidates for biosorption

Ravneet Chug
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur.
*Corresponding author email:rchug@jpr.amity.edu
Abstract
Expanding industrialization on the global scale is the major cause of release of heavy
metals in the environment. Major concern to these metals owing to their large usage is their
nondegradable nature and carcinogenc behavior.
Many conventional technologies have been proposed for the removal of heavy metals from
industrial effluents include oxidation reduction processes, filtration, ion exchange, chemical
precipitation, solvent extraction, coagulation, electrolysis, membrane separation, adsorption,
reverse osmosis, etc. But several disadvantages like high energy and chemical requirements,
low efciency, generation of harmful wastes and high cost factor (Blanco et al., 1999, Da
Cunha 2004, Hussein et al., 2005) associated with these techniques have directed attention for
searching better technologies.
In the context of above, research has been directed at the use of Biological System which can
be contemplated as an alternative remediation for heavy metal contamination.
Microorganisms, whether they are growing in natural or artificial habitats, are well known to
produce biopolymers known as Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) which are highly
heterogeneous polymers mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and nucleic
acids containing ionizable functional groups such as carboxylic, phosphoric, amino and
hydroxyl groups, by virtue of which these polymers can bind to significant amount of heavy
metals and help in their removal.
Their immense biotechnological can further be highlighted by the facts that these polymers
once extracted are not vulnerable to variations in climatic conditions.
Considering the above facts, this paper highlights the crucial role of EPS in heavy metal
removal.
Key-words: Extracellular Polymeric Substances, Heavy metal removal
Page 33
CAM plants as bio-indicators of Desertification in Malwa region of Madhya

Pradesh, India
Dr. Harish Vyas 1, Dr. Anurag Titov2, Kanhaiyalal Dangi3
1. Govt. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain, M.P., India.
2, 3. Govt. Madhav Science PG College, Ujjain, M.P., India.
Abstract
Desertification is an unsolved environmental problem in arid and semi-arid
ecosystems. The present study deals with the CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plants as
bio-indicators of desertification in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, India. The work was
carried out from 2013 to 2015.The study includes the main indications and adaptations were
observed in CAM plants that the plants in the desert have no leaves or rather they have
modified leaves resembling thorns, to reduce the loss of moisture from the surface of the
leaves. Leaves may be reduced to spines (in cacti, for example) and the green stem carries out
photosynthesis. CAM Succulents such as Sedum and Mesembryanthemum store water in their
leaves. Stomata are often only present on the bottom leaf surface, often sunken or in grooves
and surrounded by hairs. Many xerophytes have large number of stomata thought to allow
very rapid uptake of carbon dioxide during rare wet periods. Many plants like the cactus have
thick and succulent stems with a pulpy interior to store water. Some plants have a stunted
growth to reduce the loss of water and conserve food and nutrients. There are fine hairs like
structures on the stems of plants like cacti to reduce the loss of water through the process of
evaporation. Some plants like Living Stone only expose a few leaves to the surface while the
rest of the plant is underground. Roots usually very well developed. The deep root systems
take to deep water reserves. We are also finding out in this study that Cacti may be an iconic
symbol of the arid desert; cacti adapted to hot, dry environments such as those found in the
deserts, most cacti species have very specific habitat requirements that also make them highly
vulnerable to climate change and susceptible to small changes in their environment. Many
cacti depend on other species for pollination, to provide habit, or to protect them from
herbivores. The other CAM plants such as orchid will be able to tolerate the increased air
temperature. Orchids are under duress species. These are becoming a rarity, losing out to
human greed. These species are not only important for their aesthetic value but also because
they work as ecological indicators. Their disappearance indicates a change in the quality of
soil and air of the region. This study also find out the CAM plant species Agave
americana (century plant), Agave mexicana (Mexican aloe), Opuntia ficus-indica ( prickly
pear cactus) and Portulacaria afra ( spekboom, elephant bush) are particularly well suited to
combat desertification.
Keywords- CAM Plants, bio-indicator, Desertification, Malwa region.
Page 34
Biofuels from Microalgae

Preeti Dass* and Chitralekha Kadel**
*S.S.in Microbiology,Vikram University, Ujjain. Email: dasspreeti@hotmail.com
**S.S.in Botany, Vikram University,Ujjain. Email: kadelchitralekha@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
The use of fossil fuels is now widely accepted as unsustainable due to depleting
resources and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment. To achieve
environmental and economic sustainability, fuel production processes are required that are not
only renewable, but also capable of sequestering atmospheric CO2. Currently, nearly all
renewable energy sources (e.g. hydroelectric, solar, wind, tidal, geothermal) target the
electricity market, while fuels make up a much larger share of the global energy demand
(66%). Biofuels are therefore rapidly being developed. Biofuels is currently produced from
oil synthesized by conventional fuel crops that harvest the suns energy and store it as
chemical energy. This presents a route for renewable and carbon-neutral fuel production.
However, current supplies from oil crops and animal fats account for only approximately
0.3% of the current demand for transport fuels. Increasing biofuel production on arable land
could have severe consequences for global food supply. Therefore, based on current
knowledge and technology projections, biofuels specifically derived from microalgae are
considered to be a technically viable alternative energy resource. Microalgal systems can
produce a wide range of feedstocks for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane
and biohydrogen. The main advantages of microalgal systems are that they: (1) Have a higher
photon conversion efficiency (as evidenced by increased biomass yields per hectare): (2) Can
be harvested batch-wise nearly all-year-round, providing a reliable and continuous supply of
oil: (3) Can utilize salt and waste water streams, thereby greatly reducing freshwater use: (4)
Can couple CO2-neutral fuel production with CO2 sequestration: (5) Produce non-toxic and
highly biodegradable biofuels.
Keywords: Biofuels; Microalgae; Oil Crop; Sustainability; CO2sequestration
Page 35
Organic farming and sustainable agriculture

Dr (Smt) Chhaya Deshmukh
Govt. JNS College, Shujalpur Dist-Shajapur MP
E mail - Chhaya2016@gmail.com
Abstract
Organic Farming has a potential to fulfill the food requirement of the world with
sustainable resource utilization. This review illustrates how to organic farming leads to
sustainable of resources in agriculture or food production as well as development with less
pollution and contribution to the green house gases, ultimately resulting in climate change.
Recent researches in the field concluded that Organic farming is better equipped to feed us
now and will continue to feed us into the ever changing future. As organic yield match
conventional yields, Organic yields outperform conventional in the years of drought. Organic
farming uses 45% less energy and more efficient that conventional system as it produces 40%
more green house gas. Organic system is more profitable that the conventional one ,and most
important organic farming systems build soil organic matter which support the soil meso and
macro fauna and makes the soil a living body; making it a better sustainable organic system.
To avoid ill effects of the conventional farming system there is on urgent need to adopt the
organic farming practices as it not only improves the health of human community by
providing safe food but also has the potential to mitigate climate changes that are mostly
claimed on the basis of assumptions concerning the soil carbon sequestration potential of
organic management. So it is concluded that organic farming is the surest way towards
sustainable agriculture.
Key words: Organic farming, Sustainable development, Conventional agriculture.
Page 36
Effect of 5- HTP and L-DOPA on serum testosterone in albino rats.

Dr. Sapna Dey, Manju Junwal
Govt. Madhav Science college Ujjain (M.P.)
E-mail: Manju_junwal0@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
The present study was designed to test whether the serotonin and dopamine agonist(
5- HTP and l-dopa) administration at specific time interval ,can influence body weight and
serum testosterone level in male albino rats . experiments was set in two groups of 6 male
animal each . group 1 consisted of 6 male each were given injection of normal saline (0.1ml)
twice day and served as control. In the second group ( experimental group ) 5- HTP and LDOPA (100- 50 mg /kg body weight ) were injected daily at an interval of 12 hour in 0.1 ml
normal saline for 13 days .
Rats treated with L-DOPA after 12 hr of 5-HTP injection showed significant increase
(P<0.05) in their body weight when compared with their control .similar to that of body
weight ,serum testosterone level also found significantly high (P<0.001) in comparison to
control .
Key words:- 5-HTP, L-DOPA, albino rats.
Page 37
Effect of organic and conventional farming on soil quality and crop productivity: A
comparative analysis
Sangeeta Dongre1, N. K. Jain2, Sanjay Sharma3.
1
Asst. Prof. Govt. M.L.B. P.G. College, Indore (M.P.)

Asst. Prof. Govt. Holker Science College, Indore (M.P.)
3
Associate Prof. Govt. Agriculture College, Indore (M.P.)
2
Abstract
The intensification and expansion of modern agriculture is amongst the greatest
current threats to worldwide biodiversity. Over the last quarter of the 20th century, dramatic
declines in both range and abundance of many species associated with soil have been reported
in the world, leading to growing concern over the sustainability of current intensive farming
practices. Supposedly sustainable farming systems such as organic farming are now seen by
many as a potential solution to this continued loss of biodiversity. Organic farming operates
without pesticides, herbicides and inorganic fertilizers, and usually with a more diverse crop
rotation. It has been suggested that this system enhances biodiversity in agricultural
landscapes. By reviewing the above literature we conclude. The study provides the insights
into physical, chemical and biological soil properties, along with crop productivity under
organic and conventional farming systems.
Key Words: Biodiversity, Biological Soil Properties, Farming, Soil quality.
Page 38
National Green Tribunal (NGT) : A Safe Guard to Our Environment

Akshansh Dubey
School of Law,
KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneshwar (Odisha) India- 751024
akshansh1997@gmail.com
Abstract
The honourable Supreme Court in M.C. Mehta Vs. Union of India observed that
Environment Court must be established for expeditious disposal of environmental cases due
to a large backlog of cases loaded in higher judiciary. As a sequel to it, the National Tribunal
Act 1995 and National Environmental Appellate Authority Act 1997 were passed by the
Indian Parliament but both Acts proves non-starter. In order to have effective prevention of
environmental pollution and environmental complaints should be decided in an effective
manner which is not possible in the present context of judicial administration. Therefore,
urgent need was felt for an alternative forum so that environmental cases were resolved
without much delay. Ultimately the Indian Parliament passed the National Green Tribunal Act
2010 to handle all the cases relating to environmental issues.
The National Green Tribunal has been established on 18th October, 2010 under the
National Green Tribunal Act 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to
environment protection, environment dispute, conservation of forests and other natural
resources including enforcement of any legal right related to environment and giving relief
and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith
or incidental thereto. That it is also in accordance of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution
which guarantees the citizen of India, the right to healthy environment. The National Green
Tribunal has power to hear all civil cases under the water prevention and control of pollution
Act 1947, the forest conservation Act 1980, the air prevention and control of pollution Act
1981, the environment protection Act 1991, the public liability insurance Act 1991 and the
biological diversity Act 2002. The present study focuses on the role of NGT in the country, its
contribution in clean India, impact on religious activities, political interferences and so on.
Key Words : NGT, Environment, Pollution, Act.
Page 39
Loss of Biodiversity and Climate change

Ashwani Kumar Dubey* and Kailash Chandra
Research & Development Unit,
Godavari Academy of Science & Technology,
Environment and Social Welfare Society, Chhatarpur-471001
Zoological Survey of India, 535, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053
*Email: ashwanikhajuraho@gmail.com
Abstract
Climate change alone is expected to threaten with extinction approximately one
quarter or more of all species on land by the year 2050, surpassing even habitat loss as the
biggest threat to life on earth. Species in the oceans and in fresh water are also at great risk by
climate change, especially those that live in ecosystems that are highly sensitive to warming
temperatures, but the full extent of that risk has not yet been calculated.
Climate change is a threat because species have evolved to live within certain temperature
ranges, and when these are exceeded and a species cannot adapt to the new temperatures, or
when the other species it depends on to live cannot adapt, for example its food supply, its
survival is threatened.
We need to conserve many individual species as we can because each one serves a different
and important function in ecosystem.
Keywords: climate change, biodiversity, habitat loss, conservation, environment, ecosystem.
Page 40
Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Bhopal and Raisen District of

Madhya Pradesh
Manisha Dubey
Department of Geography,
M.LB. Govt. Girls Post Graduate (Autonomous) College, Bhopal, India, PIN-462002
manisha.dubey1968@gmail.com
Abstract
In the present changing agricultural scenario, it is obvious to swift from production
oriented to profit oriented sustainable farming. In this direction, the quest of optimum
utilization of recourses and technologies by the farmers is satisfactory to a larger extent but
under the present scenario, we are still in the half way of sustainable agriculture. To ensure
food security to the growing population the sustainable agriculture must have agronomic
practices that are economically viable, environmentally safe and socially adequate. The
purpose of sustainable agriculture is to maintain the livingness of soil. For this purpose we
should optimize the use of processes and avoiding the excessive and non-judicious use of
chemicals and fertilizers. Incorrect handling, storage and use of pesticides lead to health and
pollution problems. While sustainable agriculture is a practice which improves fertility, soil
structure and prevents erosion. It also increases the organic matter content of the topsoil, so
raising its ability to retain and store rain water and maintain biodiversity. Agriculture and
forestry clothe the rural landscape but inappropriate use causes erosion, landslides, flooding,
clogs irrigation channels and reduces the cropping area. The sustainable agriculture avoids
many problems by improving productivity, conserving the soil, avoiding the expansion of
farming into unsuitable areas and preserving rural livelihood. In spite of that, agriculture
cannot be sustainable unless it is economically viable over the long term.
The present study focuses on three basic system of agriculture i.e. traditional,
conventional and sustainable agriculture as alternative agriculture in Bhopal and Raisen
district of Madhya Pradesh under the canopy of ecological, economical and social
dimensions. The findings reveals that many traditional and most of the conventional farm
practices are not ecologically sustainable as they overuse the natural resources, reduces soil
fertility, cause soil erosion which adversely contribute to global climatic change, as
sustainable agriculture has several major advantages over both traditional and conventional
practices. Now a day a new set of problems in terms of excessive use of water, pesticides and
fertilizers causes imbalance in nature and environment. The uncertainty of monsoon and
change in present weather conditions should also be taken in positive manner to utilize at its
maximum. A lot of efforts still have to be emphasized to promote sustainable agricultural
practice in the region. The possibility of sustainable agriculture has been discussed in the
present communication and it will vary by cropping system, local environment and socioeconomic scenario. While the current need for a paradigm shift in the growth strategy is well
recognized, the transition from input intensive to sustainable farming however, has certain
inherent difficulties. Therefore, augmented emphasis on promoting sustainable agriculture is
the demand of present day need.
Key Words : Sustainable agriculture, Bio-diversity, landscape, Soil erosion, Climate change.
Page 41
Comparative efficacy of Imazethapyr and 2,4-D on the germination potential of Wheat

Var. Lok-1
Dwivedi H.S. ** Khanday Arshid Ahmad * and Dwivedi P.
*Research Scholar, Deptt. of Botany,Govt. M.V.M, Ujjain.
**Professors, Deptt. of Botany, Govt.M.V.M, Ujjain.
E-mail: garshidkhanday@gmail.com
Abstract
A presidential increase in the use of pesticides to curb the menace of heavy grain losses due to
pest infectivity has in the long run proved inefficient and contrarary. The present research
work was carried out to study the impact of two herbicides i.e. Imazethapyr and 2,4-D, on the
germination potential of wheat Var. Lok-1 in the fields of Madhav Science College, Ujjain.
Five treatments of each of the pesticides (0.1ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm, 3ppm, 6ppm) were run
against control. The results showed 2,4-D stimulated germination up to the concentration of
3ppm while 6ppm was found to be toxic to the seeds. Imazethapyr was ineffective up to
0.5ppm concentration with a germination percentage almost same as that of control while
higher concentrations severely reduced the germination of the seeds with zero percent
germination at the concentration of 6ppm. The results proved imazethapyr is a toxic pesticide
to the wheat crop. It is suggested to limit the dosage of this pesticide so that the residues of
Soybean season are below than the tolerating capacity of succeeding wheat crop in the area.
Key Words: Pesticide Imzethapyr Wheat Germination
Page 42
Low Cost Technology for removal of copper by Neurospora strains

Dr. Anubha Gang1, Dr. Harish Vyas and Dr. Alka Vyas
1.
Scientific Officer,
RFSL, Indore (M.P.)
Abstract
In the present era of industrialization, pollution caused due to heavy metals is a severe
environmental problem. Physical and chemical methods of heavy metal removal are less
effective and are non- ecofriendly. Bioremediation of heavy metal such as copper using a
tropical fungus shows an effective alternative to the problem. One of the important constrain
in using mutants of Neurospora for bioremediation of copper may be the high cost of media
(Vogels minimal medium) involved for growth of strains. So, to overcome this problem, four
mutant strains of Neurospora (AG-64, AG-68, AG-69 and AG-70) were used for removal of
copper using bagasse (a low cost media). The results show that there was about 12% removal
of copper by baggase, when uninoculated baggase was used in the medium. The strains AG64, AG-68, AG-69 and AG-70 respectively removed 35.11%, 27%, 31.58% and 40.52% of
copper from aqueous solution after 9 days of growth. However, after 20 days of growth
strains AG-64, AG-68, AG-69 and AG-70 removed 44.74%, 52.63%, 35.11% and 47.37% of
copper respectively. Thus, this study is extremely promising and this low-cost technology can
be used for bioremediation of copper from aqueous solutions, effluents and contaminated sites
by these mutant strains.
Key words: Neurospora, Copper, Bagasse, Low cost technology.
Page 43
Smart Management of Natural Resources for Sustainable Development

Vinod Singh Gour
Amity Institute of Biotechnology
Amity University Rajasthan Jaipur
Email: vkgaur@jpr.amity.edu, vinodsingh2010@gmail.com
Abstract
Human activities contribute to climate change and global warming. The energy demand is
growing day by day not only to meet the luxury of life but to provide basic facilities to the
people living in developing and under developed countries. This energy must come from a
sustainable and renewable source. Here biofuel can play a great role. Within biofuel, biodiesel
is a large sector. A fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from
vegetable oils or animal fats is called biodiesel. Chemically biodiesel consists of mainly ethyl
esters of fatty acids. Oil derived from natural resources reacts with alcohol and
transesterified. In this process triglycerides are converted into ethyl esters of fatty acids.
This process is not renewable until alcohol used in this process is not coming from a
renewable source. Therefore, a suitable source of lignocellulosic ethanol must be worked out
in order to meed the demand of biodiesel along with a suitable source of plant derived oil.
Key words: Biodiesel, ethanol, renewable energy, climate change, global warming.
Page 44
Plastic Waste Management with reference to Simhasth in Ujjain

Dr. P.K. Jain
(Asst. Prof. at Madhav Arts & Commerce College, Ujjain)
Pooja Gehlott
Abstract
SIMHASTH ...An incredible ocean of faith, the festival of belief, by far the largest
gathering for a month long of pilgrims in the world. But, in the midst of sacred sages and
temple travelers a curse of several wastes come along. After food waste and paper waste,
plastic waste is the third major constitute at municipal waste in the city. But where does all
this plastic go? Quite a bit ends up in landfills. Due to lack of integrated solid waste
management, most of the plastic waste is neither collected properly nor disposed of in
appropriate manner to avoid its negative impacts on environment and public health. Due to
extremely long periods required for natural decomposition, waste plastic is often the most
visible component in waste dumps and open landfills.
Plastic accounts for around 10 percent of the total waste we generate and 50 percent of the
plastic we use, we use just once and throw away. Hence attempts should be made for Reusing, sorting and primary recycling .No matter how efficient the recycling scheme is but
sorting is the most important step in the process of recycling the plastic waste. The collection,
transport, treatment, and disposal of plastic wastes, particularly wastes generated from
religious gathering, have become a relatively difficult problem to solve for those responsible
for their management. The problem is even more acute in area of massive gathering. Some
special wastes can even cause significant health and environmental impacts when managed
inadequately. Persons that may come into direct contact with the wastes, such as waste
collectors and scavengers, may be subject to significant health and safety risks when exposed
to some types of special wastes.
In an attempt to accelerate the pace of Simhasth, a particular system of faith and worship
may fail to pay adequate attention to solid waste management. Such a failure incurs a severe
penalty at a later time in the form of resources needlessly lost and a staggering adverse impact
on the environment and on public health and safety. The penalty is neither avoided nor
lessened by a resolve to do something about the waste at a later time, when we may be in a
better position to take appropriate measures.
Keywords: -Recycling, Sorting, Recovery, Reuse.
Page 45
The Environmental Issues in English Literature.

Dr. L. S. Gorasya
Govt. Madhav Arts & Commerce College, Ujjain
Abstract
Environmental consciousness in English literature has occupied a great space in all
forms of literature e.g. Poetry ,Drama ,Prose and Fiction .English literature has been a
treasure house of ecological issues .In the recent time the word Ecocriticism is introduced
which has compelled the readers and critics to reinterpret the text in the light of this new
coined word. Ecocriticism, broadly defined as the study of the relationship between literature
and the physical environment. It suggests a re-reading of canonized as well as non-canonized
literature in order to discover in texts of other periods, to name but one of the central aims,
feelings and ethics which may help us construe our relation with nature today. With such a
project, the emerging field of ecocriticism promises to offer more than just another
interpretation of literary texts, more than a mere reconstruction of those stages that mark out
the line along which the relationship between non-human nature and human beings
developed.There is an environmental tradition in (English) literature waiting to be unearthed.
It will help us to see modern conceptions of nature from a greater variety of different angles,
to better understand our relationship with nature and to take the expansion of perspectives as a
starting-point in dealing with todays ecological problems. In this sense, the environmental
element in English literature may function as a stimulant for action. It is this ambitious project
which heightens ecocriticism significance for todays ecological debates, while making it
vulnerable to scepticism of literary critics who do not embrace its basic assumptions as well
as of contemporaries with a more pessimistic outlook. In any case, the matter deserves to be
studied more closely. The theoretical approaches to a wide range of literary works, including
Chaucers Canterbury Tales, Miltons Paradise Lost, poems by William Cowper, John Keats,
William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyles Sartor Resartus, John Ruskins Fors Clavigera,
Virginia Woolfs shorter fiction, and twentieth-century rural poetry by poets such as Ted
Hughes, Seamus Heaney and Gillian Clarke, to name but a few authors and texts that are to be
(re-)read ecocritically. Judging from the readings of Victorian writers such as Carlyle, Ruskin,
Elizabeth Gaskell, Alfred Tennyson, William Morris and Thomas Hardy one is inclined to
date the beginnings of the present-day environmental sensibilities back to the Victorian era,
not to the Romantic period that experienced the consequences of an emerging - not yet
ubiquitous - industrialisation of nature and society. John Parham conclusively argues that the
nineteenth century saw the formulation of a Victorian ecology separate from the Romantic
ecology and full of concepts still relevant today. For instance, Ruskins ecological ideas, his
views on environmental damage and his discussion of ways on how best to get rid of
environmental ills foreshadow much that makes up the environmental consciousness in the
first years of the third millennium. Not every text of English - or, for that matter, American,
German, French, Italian or any other - literature is apt to furnish insights when subjected to an
ecocritical approach. Not every one of them that seems to do so may hold in store new
insights, especially when scrutinised for concepts relevant to present-day environmental
issues.
Page 46
An overview of renewable energy potential in India

R.K.GUJETIYA
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, GOVT.PG COLLEGE,NIMACH
Abstract
The global energy consumption is growing at the rate of 2.2% per year and the most of
energy comes from fossil fuel based technology. The growing demand for energy depends on
imported energy or by conventional energy technologies. The energy consumption rate in
India is growing year by year at the rate of 6 percent. Renewable energy has the potential to
address the growing concern of energy and also an important tool in to conserve the natural
resources. It is also important to minimize the environmental impact than conventional energy
technology. India is the first country in the world to establish an exclusive ministry (MNES)
for renewable energy development.
India has a healthy programme of cooperation in renewable energy which aims at nurturing
closer linkages between scientific institutions, businesses and industry and encourages private
investment. Our scientific and technological manpower form a sound basis for intensifying
collaborative efforts in research, development, demonstration and transfer of renewable
energy technologies.
The country mission has set the determined target to set up 20,000 MW of grid connected
solar power by 2022. It is aimed to reducing the cost of solar power generation through (i)
long term policy; (ii) large scale deployment goals; (iii) aggressive R&D; and (iv) domestic
production of critical raw materials, components and products. The main challenge of the
country is to make the renewable energy technologies safe, affordable efficient and
convenient. The ministry has launched various been programmes such as biogas plants,
photovoltaic systems, and biomass gasifiers,solar cookers and other solar thermal systems,
etc. in rural areas of the country to promote the use of renewable energy.
Keywords: Economic growth, Energy demand, India, Renewable energy market.
Page 47
Green Energy: Clean Source of Energy for Sustainable Development

*Dr. AnshujaTiwari
(Assistant Professor Department of Commerce U.T.D. Barkatulla University, Bhopal)
**Ms. Devkanya Gupta

(Assistant Professor Department of Commerce Sant Hirdaram Girls College, Bhopal)
Abstract
Sustainable development means Development which meets the needs of future
generation .It posits a desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions and
resource meet human needs without undermining the sustainability of natural system and the
environment. In present era many of the technology that we use every day , consume much
more resources and power and now a days the use of electronic gadgets and computers has
increased to a large extent ,the excessive use of electronic equipments has led to a high
consumption of energy. As we know development is necessary for making all around
economic development, but only choosing economic development is like adopt a wrong path
for humanity future. This is the time when we have to make a deep thinking about our wellbeing ,economic prosperity, the environment ,our future and that of generation to come, for
this firstly we have to make rethinking about our cultural, education system ,habits and also
for our moral values. Because only those things can helps to achieve sustainable development.
Renewable Energy and Non Conventional Source of Energy are the Source which can be
termed as Future Source of Energy. Simultaneously we need to keep on working to reduce
damage happening during generation and Usage of current source of Energy specially Natural
Resource like Coal , Diesel , Petrol , Gas Etc.
Key words: Sustainable development, Nature, energy, Economic- development, Resources
Page 48
Role of fungal biomass in hazardous Industrial Effluents

Reshu Gupta, Neha Sharma, D.S. Rathore
Department of Biotechnology, Govt. Kamla Raja Girls PG Autonomous College, Gwalior
E-mail: reshugupta1592@gmail.com
Abstract
Industries are play an important role in economic development of country but release
of effluents through the industries cause water pollution, is one of the biggest problems. These
effluents have strong concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenolic compound
and their derivatives as well as contain many organic and inorganic materials. Untreated or
partially treated wastewaters from industries discharges into natural ecosystems pose a serious
problem to the ecosystem and the life forms. The enzyme of fungi plays an important role in
bioremediation of toxic industrial effluents. The industrial effluents collected at two different
points from Nova industry and Badri Vishal agro Pvt. Limited, Malanpur, Gwalior, M.P. The
fungal strains were isolated by conventional serial dilution technique from industrial effluents.
The aim of our study is to check the fungal load (isolation and morphological
characterization) of industrial effluents. Our study shows that twenty three fungal species of
six genera have isolated from industrial effluent of Malanpur Gwalior M.P. Some fungal
species are pathogenic and others are useful for human society. So they play an important
role to make industrial waste water more ecofriendly.
Key words: Industrial waste water, Fungi, Pathogenic, Aspergillus,
Page 49
Sun the source of clean and green energy

Vinod Kumar Gupta
Govt.Girls P.G.College
Vikram University Ujjain
Vkg795@gmail.com
Abstract
Sun is the source of clean and green energy. Solar energy is available to us for almost
whole year and everywhere. Many ways have been developed to harness the solar energy,
such as solar cooker, solar water heater, solar cells etc. Besides this the sun also provides to
the living world the necessary heat energy for their growth and development. It is clean and
green source of heat and light. Our strategy should be to harness more and more solar energy.
We should be dependent on solar energy rather than traditional sources of energy. We have to
find new ways to utilize solar energy. Since solar energy can be converted to electric power
using solar cells, it can be used for any purpose for which electrical energy is required. So the
emphasis should be more on the development of technology to use this energy. In the present
paper the strategy has been discussed to achieve maximum dependence on solar energy.
Keywords: solar energy, green energy, environmental science
Page 50
Effects of anthropogenic activities on the productivity of wetland

Parul Gurjar, Kuldeep Lakhera and Vipin Vyas
Department of Biosciences Barkatullah University Bhopal 462 026
Abstract
Wetlands are considering as the most productive land and contribute to a healthy
environment. Wetlands are fragile and important biologically, socially, economically but are
facing the threats from many aspects. Their most disturbance is occurs through the human
activities. Reasons are many as excessive water withdrawal, industrial effluents,
eutrophication, leached fertilizers and insecticides, pollution due to sewage and raw wastes
have resulted into serious stress on its ecological condition. Due to developmental activities
and urbanisation, the enhancement of cities are leading to the more demand of water supply
occurring wetland loss. Wetland loss denotes the physical loss and its functioning. It disturbs
the water quality of the wetland and also depletes the ground water discharge. Continuous
urbanisation and development are increasingly affecting the natural sustenance of the wetland.
Public awareness about the values of wetland conservation becomes an important way out for
wetland loss. Effective coordination between the different ministries, energy, fisheries,
industries, agriculture, transport and water resources is necessary for making healthy wetland
ecosystem.
Keywords: - Human activities, Urbanisation, wetland loss, conservation.
Page 51
Land degradation - Causes and Mitigation measures for Better Environment

Shweta Singh1 and Dr. Sushil Manderia2
School of Studies in Microbiology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P)
1
Assistant Professor, School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P)
Email:-shwetagurjar14@gmail.com
Abstract
Land degradation is a process in which biophysical environment is affected by
anthropogenic activities. Approximately 30% part of the Earth covered by land which has
numerous beneficial micro flora and fauna i.e. Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Bacteria, Fungi,
Algae and Actinomycetes which is also affected by land degradation. About 2.6 billion
peoples are affected by land degradation in more than 100 countries. Natural hazards and
human induced are the main cause of land degradation. Natural causes of land degradation are
drought, heavy rain, tsunamis, Earth quakes, volcanic eruption, and wild fire etc. Human
induced land degradation are due to land clearance, deforestation, urbanization,
industrialisation, mining and agricultural activities. Implications and effects of land
degradation are reduce productivity of land, desertification, damage to basic resources and
ecosystems, loss of biodiversity ,migration of the people .The land degradation can be
controlled by sustainable land management of deforestation, managing irrigation, managing
mining and quarrying, agricultural intensification and reclamation and urban sprawl etc.
Thus it is necessary to have people Corporation at local and global level policies, strictly
implementation of rules and regulation to control the land degradation for better environment.
Keywords: Land Degradation, Deforestation, Ecosystem, and Environmental Pollution.
Page 52
Concept Map of Pollution

Dr. Sanjay Jain
Govt. Nirbhay Singh Patel Science College, Indore (M.P.)
Email- prof.sanjay64@gmail.com
Abstract
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that causes harmful
and toxic effects to living things. Human health, ecosystem quality, aquatic and terrestrial
biodiversity may be affected and altered permanently by pollution. Pollutant, substance or
energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects or adversely affects the
usefulness of a resource, can be manmade or occur naturally. According to the study, the
death rate that can be attributed to changes in the climate since the industrial era. However,
some studies have not observed the effects, which indicate that the situation is complex and
requires further study with better study designs. Determining the effects of pollutants on
human physiology and growth is difficult as it requires fairly large numbers of subjects who
are not purposely exposed but for whom exposure can be measured. These effects of
pollutants and the mechanisms of effect require further study to understand.
Key Words: Pollution, Pollutants, Biodiversity, Environment.
Concept Map:
Page 53
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A tool for Plants Health check-up

Dr Anjana Jajoo
Associate professor,
School of Life Science, DAVV, Indore
Abstract
In nature, plants are exposed to many adverse factors that interfere with the
photosynthetic process, leading to decline in growth, development, and yield. Chlorophyll a
fluorescence allows valuable information on photochemical properties of leaves to be
obtained rapidly. The analysis of fluorescence provides detailed information on the status and
function of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers, antenna, and both the donor and
acceptor sides of PSII. The physiological state of several photosystem II (PSII) components,
electron transport chain components, and the cooperation of light-dependent and lightindependent biochemical reactions can be evaluated by analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence
(ChlF) induction curves. Nowadays, ChlF measurements are a popular method for evaluating
the impact of stress factors on photosynthesis. Application of the chlorophyll fluorescence
technique is very promising. I shall be discussing its application mainly to identify effects of
abiotic stresses like high/low temperature, drought, salinity, nutrient deficiency, UV
radiations, environmental pollutants, etc. on crop plants. Scientists from different fields, such
as plant physiology, biotechnology, forestry, ecophysiology, and even plant breeders and
farmers, are using it to study the structure and function of photosynthetic apparatus.
Page 54
Oxidative stress and antioxidants: An overview

Deepali Jat
Zoology Department, Doctor Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, M.P.-470003
deepalipunia@gmail.com
07582-265004
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between free radicals and their stabilizing
agents antioxidant enzymes in the body. Reactive oxygen species or free radicals can be
produced by normal cellular metabolism and react with biomolecules like protein, lipid and
DNA to cause cellular damage to the component and responsible for degenerative changes. At
low concentration free radicals play vital role in the physiological regulation and cellular
signaling processes but high level can cause deleterious changes in the cell. Contrary to this
antioxidants lowers the oxidants by donating its own electron to stabilize free radical and
make it non reactive compound so as to minimize the harmful effects generated by these
radicals in the cell.
Key words: antioxidant enzymes, free radicals, reactive oxygen species.
Page 55
Aeromycological study of Microbiology department of Vikram University

Meghna Joshi, Noureen Qureshi, Reena Sharma, Diksha Bhargava, Sheetal Chouhan and Dr.
Preeti Dass
School of Studies in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain, M.P., India
E mail: megha_joshi63@yahoo.in
Abstract
`
Aeromicrobiology is study of microbes which are present in air. Air is not a natural
medium for growth and multiplication of air microflora. The sources of microbes in air are
soil, dead organic matter and plant and animal pathogens. Airborne fungal spores constitute
one of the important components of microbial population of ambient air. Despite its small size
and a significant dispersion they have a great impact on human health and different areas of
our activities, such as agricultural production. The present investigation was undertaken to
study the outdoor and indoor aeromycoflora of the Microbiology Department in Vikram
University, Ujjain. Sampling of fungal spores was done with the help of Gravity Plates
Method. Our results show that number of cfu/ plates were less in indoor premises in
comparison to outdoor environment. In this paper the details of the experiments and results
are discussed.
Key words: Aeromicrobiology, cfu, gravity plate method, fungal spores.
Page 56
Solar Light mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waster Water treatment
containing Carbamate Insecticide using flower like nano BiOCl
Brijesh Pare*, Satish Piplode# and Vaishali Joshi#
Govt JNS PG College, Shujalpur
#Laboratory of Photocatalysis, P G department of Chemistry
Govt. Madhav Science P G College, Ujjain (M P) INDIA
E-mail: brijeshpare2009@hotmail.com, satish.piplode@gmail.com
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a tremendous amount of research and development in
the area of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), characterized by an important feature of
production of .OH radicals. The photocatalytic degradation of Methomyl, a carbamte
insecticide was investigated in an aqueous solution using flower like nano BiOCl as
photocatalysts. The progress of degradation was monitored using UVvis spectrophotometer.
The effects of various experimental parameters such as initial concentration of Methomyl, pH
of the solution, catalyst loading, effect of Oxidants (H2O2 and K2S2O8), Effect of FeCl3, effect
of Fenton Reagent, effect of bubbling of N2 and O2, effect of visible light, effect of other
catalyst and reusability of photocatalyst were systematically studied in order to achieve
maximum degradation efficiency. The complete mineralization of Methomyl was confirmed
by COD. The formation of NO3, SO4 were identified using UVvis spectrophotometer. The
outcomes demonstrate that the photocatalytic reaction was influenced by experimental
parameters. An initial methomyl concentration of 104 mol dm3 was completely degraded
within 120 min at pH 5.5 and 80mg/100 mL nano BiOCl.
Key words: AOP, waste water treatment, Solar light, Degradation, Photocatalysis, Methomyl.
Page 57
A case study of Human iron deficiency Anaemia in different age groups from
Ujjain (M.P.) India
Manju Junwal, Dr. Ismail Bhai
Govt. Madhav Science college Ujjain (M.P.)
E-mail: Manju_junwal0@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
Iron deficiency Anaemia is the most common case of nutritional Anaemia worldwide
and is a public health problem in developing countries; characterized by abnormal red cell
count (MCV ,MCHC ) . Iron deficiency Anaemia associated with fatigue, skin paleness
,weakness etc.The aim of the study is to determine the risk factors for iron deficiency
Anaemia among population of Ujjain district(M.P.).
Both male and female iron deficient patients were studied from the SS hospital and CHL
applo hospitals during may 2014, sep 2014. A group of 600 patients were studied for iron
deficiency Anaemia in different age groups . A total of 430 female and 170 males were
studied. Information was collected about health status, socioeconomic level etc.
Among the selected patients 71% female iron deficient Anaemic and 29% were male iron
deficient Aneamic. Analyzing data per age group revelated that the highest prevalence of
Anaemia in occurred in 1-10 years and 21-30 years in both men and women.
Key words: - Iron deficiency Anaemia, Human, RBC count (MCV, MCHC) Ujjain.
Page 58
Study of Neurospora mutants having defects in growth

Paridhi Singh Kanojia1, Harish Vyas2 and Alka Vyas1
1
2
S.S. in Microbiology,Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.) 456 010, India

Govt. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain (M.P.) 456010, India
*E mail: harish_vyas_in@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Neurospora has been used as a model microbe for research because it is haploid, nonpathogenic, it has short life cycle and simple nutritional requirements. It is now being used to
understand unique mode of growth of filamentous fungi. We have mutagenized macroconidia
of N. crassa using chemical mutagen (EMS) and generated many mutants. The
characterization of these mutants may help in understanding unexplained aspects of growth of
filamentous fungi like tip growth and branching. During our study we have purified these
mutants and measured their extension growth rates. The growth rates were measured using
race tubes at two different temperature (250C and 340C). On the bases of their growth rates
the mutants have been divided into different groups.
Key words: Fungi, Neurospora, mutants, EMS, growth rates.
Page 59
Detection of microbial contamination in milk and milk products with special reference
to sanchi products
Khushboo Khan* and Nishat Khan**
khankhushboo909@gmail.com
*Bhartiya College, Ujjain
**Govt. Madhav Science College, Ujjain
Abstract
Ujjain Sahkari Dugdh Sangh (USDS) is a regional co-operative milk union located at
Maxi road, Near Shri Synthetics, Ujjain (M.P.). It covers 7 districts of the Ujjain region. The
processing capacity of this milk union is 2.50 lakhs ltr/day and its chilling capacity is 1.12
lakhs ltr/day at bulk milk coolers& 0.40 lakh ltr/day at chilling center. The present paper
highlights the microbial quality of the milk and milk products processed, manufactured,
packaged and stored in the USDS dairy plant, Ujjain. Milk is a most complex biological fluid
having high nutritious value, which influences the growth of microbes in it, so the aim of the
work is to evaluate microbial contamination of milk and hygiene in milk industry. For this
study we collect the sample of milk & water. 12 samples of milk and milk products with
different brand names &3 types of water samples were collected. The amount of total & fecal
Coliforms in these samples was estimated by using Solid Medium Method & MPN (Most
Probable Number) technique. Total Mesophilic, psychrophilic, & thermophilic micro
organisms count were performed by SPC method. Among them isolation and identification of
E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella were carried out using conventional biochemical tests, whose
presence indicates fecal contamination in the samples. The experiments show that the raw
bulk milk and tap water contains Coliforms. Whereas pasteurized milk and other products
were free from Coliforms, because in that samples most of the Coliforms, except Salmonella,
were killed by heat treatment. From all the samples raw milk and tap water contains E.coli
and Shigella species on which we considered in our study and work. So the result of
microbiological analysis of raw bulk milk samples and tap water samples showed a
significant deficiency in hygienic sanitary quality condition. The economic and public health
situations of isolated bacterial species as well as the control measure for improving the quality
of raw milk and milk products were also discussed.
Keywords: MPN, Coliform, Milk product, Microbes.
Page 60
A Survey study related to latest technologies of water recycle

Shehnaz khan
Asst. prof. Govt. College Khachrod, Ujjain (m.p.)
Abstract
The water needs of a community, water sources, public health regulations, costs, and
the types of water infrastructure in place, such as distribution systems, man-made reservoirs,
or natural groundwater basins, determine if and how reclaimed water can be part of the
drinking water supply. Communities in El Paso, Texas and Orange County, California, for
example, reuse water to replenish groundwater basins. Others, such as the Upper Occoquan
Service Authority in Virginia, put it into surface water reservoirs. In these instances the
reclaimed water is blended with other water supplies and/or sits in storage for a certain
amount of time before it is drawn out and gets treated again at a water treatment or
distribution system. A 2012 study conducted by the National Research Council found that the
risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed
water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current
drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower.
Modern technologies such as reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection are commonly used
when reclaimed water will be mixed with the drinking water supply. Our experiment shows a
reverse osmosis system removed ethinylestradiol and paracetamol from the wastewater, even
at 1000 times the expected concentration. we will discuss this type of latest technology in our
research paper.
Key words: EI Paso, disinfection, ethinylestradiol, reverse osmosis etc.
Page 61
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for inhibition of neovascularization

Rekha Khandia*, Abhinav Dwivedi, Ashok K Munjal
Department of Biochemistry and Genetics
Barkatullah University, Bhopal (462026)
rekha.morchhale@gmail.com
Abstract
Neo-vascularisation is a key event during the growth of solid tumor and the process is
called angiogenesis. Tumor cells demands higher oxygen and their glucose demand is also
higher than normal cells and during the growth of solid tumor new blood vessels also arise
rapidly to fulfil the raised requirement of nutrients. Hence targeting the formation of new
blood vessel formation leading to deprived nutrition and oxygen supply will lead to inhibited
growth of tumor. Inhibition in neo-vascularisation is suggested by Ag nanoparticles. In the
study, bioconversion of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution was demonstrated.
Silver Nitrate (1mM) was added to fresh leaf broth of Azadirecta indica (Neem) and the
conversion was allowed to take place for 4 hrs with continuous agitation at 80 rpm. Formation
of Ag nanoparticle was visualised by change in color of solution. Nanoparticles subjected to
developing embryonated eggs of chicken, shown to reduce the number of viable blood vessels
and angiogenesis also reduced in chorioallantoic membrane leading to the death of embryo.
Silver nanoparticle prepared through bioconversion in the study, successfully reduced
angiogenesis in embryonated chicken model and having a potential therapeutic value against
solid tumor.
Key words: angiogenesis reduction, Chicken chorioallantoic membrane model, solid tumor
reduction, silver nanoparticle.
Page 62
Habitat Conservation of Indicator bird-Passer-domesticus

Dr. Smt. Neerja Khare
Prof. of Zoology
Govt. P.G. College Satna (M.P.)
Abstract
In India passer domestics is very important bird. Man has symbiotic relationship with
this bird. We never mind when this bird builds nest in our houses. This bird is very close to
our daily routine life. During last 10-20-years we have observed decline in no. & population
of passer domestic us. Now a day we do not see this bird in our surroundings. Each and every
organism has its important role to maintain ecological balance. This bird is important member
of urban and natural food chain and food web. It feeds on grains, mosquito larvae. Chicks of
this bird feed on insect larvae, so this help in natural pest control. & helping in increasing
crop production, it also helps in Pollination & dispersal of seeds. Now a day this bird is
included in Red list of IUCN. This is very bad indication. We must do some effective effort to
conserve this bird. Habitat conservation is prime need for conservation of this Bird of our
Ecosystem, food, & protection is essential for the survival of passer domesticus.
Electromagnetic radiations of Mobile towers are also causing decline in their population. So
we do some thing effective Effort-for the bird.
20th March is International world sparrow day. This bird is Indicator of nature. So we
should prepare an Effective plan for conservation of this bird.
SAVE- BIRD
SAVE - EARTH
Page 63
Water Management: A global concern

DM Kumawat
School of Studies in Environment Management
Vikram University, UJJAIN 456 010 (M.P.)
kumawat63@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Air, water and soil are the three prime sinks for all contaminants/pollutants on the
earth. Water holds a unique position among the three sinks as the pollutants from other sinks
ultimately join water and worsen its situation. The enviro-economic importance of water
resource has globally taken a sense of urgency during the past few years. It is a resource that
has no replacement. It has become an element of political conflicts in several countries. With
decreasing availability and ever growing demand, clean water as predicted by some, may in
due course become a commodity equivalent to crude oil and countries having abundance of
this resource may govern the global economy. Fresh water has been described as blue gold
and the oil of 21st century. It may lead to water wars and water terrorism. Water
privatization has already been taken up by several countries including France, England,
United States, Brazil, Chile etc. There is a great scope of better conservation and
management of fresh water, as it is used inefficiently in various developing countries
including India. Sustainable water management involves scientific planning, distribution, and
optimization of water resources under defined water policies and regulations. It includes use
of technology for efficient monitoring and use of water, innovative water price and markets,
irrigation efficiency techniques and above all will, determination and mass awareness. Now a
day the concept of water foot print is getting popular as it indicates the use of water by an
individual/community or a nation as a whole. In a country like India growth and development
have to go hands in hands and water use will play a vital role.
Unplanned urbanization, high population growth and injudicious exploitation of natural
resources are posing great pressure on government as well as common people. Developing
countries have the lowest levels of waste water treatment. Exploration of cheaper, efficient,
eco-friendly water treatment methods should be carried out by these countries. Integrated
water resource management (IWRM) concept can be a better solution for attaining
sustainability of water resources for these nations.
Page 64
Comparative study of beneficial soil macro organisms of black cotton soil in the
agricultural fields around Nagda
Dr. K. K. Kumbhkar
Asst. Prof. (Botany)
Govt. College Nagda. Ujjain M.P.
E-mail: kumbhkarkk@gmail.com
Abstract
Soil is the basic medium for plant growth. It provides shelter for numerous micro as
well as macro organisms. There are certain intimate relationship in between soil flora, fauna
and other environmental factors of soils. The population of herbivores and detrivores like
squarrils, mice, ants, millipedes, mites, slugs, snails and earthworms etc. were observed in
chemical treated as well as untreated soil. In this study it is found that the population of soil
macro organisms was higher in the soil which remains safe from chemicals. As we assume
that many soil macro organisms are sensitive towards the chemical compounds and they show
a remarkable reduction in number due to the excessive addition of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. The population of common macro organisms was observed higher in the soil of
grassland of college campus, but in case of black cotton soil of crop fields the population of
macro organisms was observed reduction. A major threatening issue is the vanishing of some
beneficial soil macro organisms like earthworms. This phenomenon indicates the annoying
effect of long time use of chemicals in our crop fields.
Key words:- macro organisms, black cotton soil, population.
Page 65
Saving the Environment for our bright future

Dr. Manmeet Kaur Makkad
Professor of Chemistry
Govt. Madhav Science PG College, Ujjain
___________________________________________________________
Abstract
We never know the worth of water till the well is dry Thomas Fuller
Sustainability is not an option but an imperative. For a better world to live in
we need clean air, pure water, nutritious food, healthy environment and abundant greenery
around us, without sustainability, environmental deterioration and economic decline will be
feeding on each other, leading to poverty, pollution, poor health. The environment is not to be
seen as a stand alone concern. It cuts across all sectors of development. The rapid increase in
green house gases in the atmosphere, land degradation increasing floods and droughts,
deforestation, loss of biodiversity and environmental pollution have become subjects of
serious global concern. The overall impact of these phenomena is likely to result in depletion
of the ozone layer, change in climate, and rise in sea level, loss of natural resources, reduction
in their productivity ultimately leading to an ecological crisis affecting livelihood options for
development and deterioration in the overall quality of life. Development
based
on
exploitation of natural resources, pressure of population and their growing demands and
poverty of the people have taken a heavy toll on our environment assets we have to increase
our economic growth rate, provide the basic support services to a large section of our
population and deal with the problems of poverty and unemployment. At the same time, we
have to pay enough attention to conserving our natural resources and also improving the
status of our environment. We need to tackle the problem of environment degradation in a
holistic manner in order to ensure both environmental and economic stability. Almost every
day we seem to hear of various problems affecting the environment be it acid rain, global
warming, destruction of rain forests, extinction of thousands of species of flora and so on. The
air, water and the soil all over the world have been and are still being polluted in different
ways. This in turn, is affection the well being of all living things. The air is polluted by
vehicle emissions and power stations incluce acid rain which destroys entire forests and lakes.
Oil spills pollute sea water and endanger marine life, when fossil fuels such as oil, gas and
coal are burmed to provide energy fan highting, cooking, heating and industry etc, they emit
various kinds of polluting gases, chemical wastes from factouries and sewage plants and
artificial fertilizers from farmlands pollute river water, killing wildlife and spreading diseases.
Now a days, most of us know that these threats do really exist and that humans have caused
them. Many opus are very worried about the future of the planet and unless we can find a way
of solving these problems we have created the environment will suffer even more. It all
sounds very depressing but we certainly must not despair, everyone amongal us, regardless of
whatever age we are, can do something to help slow down and reverse some of the damages.
We cannot leave problem solving entirely to the experts, we all have a collective
responsibility towards our environment. We must learn to live in a sustainable way, i. e. learn
to use judiciously our natural resources which include air, fresh water, forests, wild life, farm
lands and seas without damaging them. Take care of the earth and she will takes care of
you. It is not only the governments duty to protect the environment for the future. It is we
the people, who have to endeavourearmestly to curb pollution. Only then something fruitful
can be done, and the coming generations, instead of coursing us, will appreciate our efforts.
Page 66
Organic Farming: The Basis of Sustainable Agriculture

Sudha Mall
Om Paryavaran Chetanalay, Pingleshwar, Ujjain
Retd. Professor,S.S.in Botany, Vikram University, Ujjain
Abstract
Green Revolution in 1965 introduced in India by Dr. Swaminathan and Norman Borlaug
and they recommended use of dwarf mexican varieties of wheat and excessive application of
chemical fertilizers and xenobiotic pesticides. Although , the production had increased but it
was not on sustainable basis and the products were tasteless having residues of various
harmful pesticides which are sometime carcinogenic also.Further,depletion in soil fertility due
to disturbance in microbial equilibrium and it also resulted in pollution of soil, air and water
due to pesticide residues.
Very soon i.e within 15-20 years agriculture scientists have realized that organic farming is
the only way for sustainable agriculture because it does leave harmful residues and also not
create air , water and soil pollution.
Two Important aspects of organic farming are;
1. Improve fertility of soil with organic manures and biofertilizers.
2. Control/management of crops diseases with biocontrol agents and natural products.
1. (a) Organic manures are ,farmyard manures, NADEP compost,vermicompost,green
manures etc.
1. (b) Biofertilizers are prepared from nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria and bacteria and
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi .
2. Biocontrol-Any condition under which or whereby survival and activity of pathogen is
reduced through the agency of any living organism other than man himself. The important
methods are;
2.(a).making soil inhospitable for pathogens: Antagonism, Fungistatis, Volatile fumigants
etc.
2.(b).Ecosystem approach: Skill of picking up the interactions occurring in soil and their
exploitation in situ according to need.
Antifungal biocontrol agents are Trichoderma viride , Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas
flourscens,
Bacillus subtilis.
Insecticidal biocontrol agents are Beauvaria bassiana, Metarhizium anisoplae,
Trichogramma, Epiricania melanoleuca, Verticillum lecanii, Bacillus thuringenesis (B.T.),
B. popillae, B. lentomorbus
Page 67
BUTEA MONOSPERMA MEDICINAL VALUE AND HEALTH BENEFITS

Prof. Smt. Sapna Malviya
Assistant Professor, Botany, Govt. BLP PG College, Mhow, MP
Abstract
The traditional systems of medicine together with Homeopathy and Folklore medicine
continue to significant role largely in the health care system of the population. Butea
monosperma is commonly known as flame of forest, because of its red coloured flowers. Bark
yield red juice known as Butea gum or Bengalkino. Belonging to the family Fabaceae. It
grows all over India. It is a medicinal tree and its various parts of this plant such as flower,
bark, leaf, seed and gum are used to cure various clinical disorders.
Palash is used as tonic and anthelmintic in Ayurveda Palash is considered anti-inflammatory,
anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, diuretic, analgesic, anti-tumour and astringent.
Flowers yields a brilliant yellow coloring matter due to presence of chalcones. Such herbal
medicines may provide potential effect as of compared to the conventional available synthetic
drugs, with less or no side effects.
Keywords : Butea monosperma, Palash, Ayurveda, Traditional.
Page 68
Generation & Conservation of Energy A Concept for Sustainable Smart City

Dr. Sushil Manderia
Asstt. Prof. Botany
SOS in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.)
dr.sushilmanderia@gmail.com
Abstract
In India proper utilization and management of energy resource is one of the most
critical issues because of techno-advancement leads to pressure on natural resources. If we do
not conserve energy, the energy will exhaust and we do not have anything for future. There
are many ways to conserve energy which leads to save our environment and such resources
will be sustainably available for future generations. Sustainable management of energy
resources making an effort to reduce the consumption of natural energy sources like
electricity, water and so on.
Save energy, not only save money/ economy but also reduces the demand of fossil
fuels i.e. coal, oil, and natural gas etc. Less burning of fossil fuels means lower emissions of
carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary contributor to global warming, and other pollutants.
Now a days India taking a part in the race of smartness with rest of the World and we are
just starting up with make-uping our cities as Smart City Concept.
The implementation of smart city concept required conservation, generation &
management of energy resources which play the vital role for clean & green concept.
Following are the recommendations for achieving the same. These are :
Green Building, Green Roofs, Green Roads
Solar Energy Panel for Green Street Light
Energy Efficiency in Water Pumping
Promotion / Alteration of Energy Efficient LED Bulbs:
Switch Off Appliances when Not in Use
Combine STP (Sewage Treatment Plant)
Bio-Gas Generation Unit
Rain Water Harvesting (RWH)
Solid waste management and generation of compost
Motivational inputs for energy management are
Education, training, & awareness programs
Zero Energy Balance
Alternative Power
Reduced Demand
Research & Development
3R concept should be adopted for energy generation, conservation & management
which leads to build and maintain Eco-Sustainable Smart City. Embracing an energy efficient
lifestyle today will help to get a better life tomorrow in a Green World.
Key Words: Smart City, Green Building, Bio-Gas, Zero Energy Balance, RWH
Page 69
Feeding behavior of Presbytis entellus in amarkantak forest areas of M.P.

Dr. Mukesh Singh Mewada and Dr. Sushil Manderia
Department of Zoology Govt. C.V. College Dindori, Madhya Pradesh 481880, India
Department of Botany Jiwaji University Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 444001, India
Corresponding author E-mail mukesh.mewada09@gmail.com
Abstract
Presbytis entellus is commonly known as the Hanuman langur and distributed
throughout India. Hanuman langurs is listed as the least concern species in IUCN red list
categories, CITES Appendix I and schedule II in wildlife protection Act 1972 (India). A field
study of Presbytis entellus was conducted randomly in Amarkantak forest as well as religious
tourist approach side. Field surveys covering the entire range of langurs in Amarkantak,
confirming the distribution and feeding behavior of langurs. The study area constitutes about
120 km2 which is surrounded by Mekal mountain range having dominant Sal (Shorea
robusta) with mixed forest. Amarkantak Study area (Latitude and Longitude 22.6822 and
81.7532) is situated in the Mekal range M.P. central India. The availability of food influenced
the troop home range and their size in the particular area. All primates face the challenge of
ensuring adequate nutritional intake for survival, growth, and reproduction, therefore present
study emphasize on the availability of food stuff and feeding behavior of Hanuman Langur.
Key words: Hanuman Langur; Habitat; Food biology; Amarkantak, folivore; frugivore;
granivore;
Page 70
Taxonomical study on hyphomycetes fungi of Jabalpur

Saket Mishra1*, Monika Pandey2 and Surendra Sarsaiya3
1
Mycological Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, R.D. University,
Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
2
Pt. S.N.S. Govt. P.G. College, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh
3
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Madhya Pradesh
*
Corresponding author: saketmishra361@gmail.com
Abstract
Fungi are unicellular, multicellular or coenocytic, heterotrophic, eukaryotic which
do not contain chlorophyll and which characteristically form a microorganisms rigid
cell wall containing chitin or cellulose. Fungi are also industrially important since they
produce enzyme, organic acids, vitamins and antibiotic etc. Hyphomycetes are primary
pathogen of plants and weeds, causing root, stem and leaf necrosis, diebacks, cankers, wilds
and blights. Aquatic Hyphomycetes also known as freshwater hyphomycetes, amphibious
hyphomycetes, or Ingoldian Fungi, belong to the Kingdom Fungi. The survey conducted at
in and around
Jabalpur. Yielded many form including Acladium phoenicis, Acrodictys
erecta, Acrodictys globulosa, Arthrinium urticae, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis allii,
Brachysporium nigrum, Cladosoporium chlorocephalum, Coniosporum memorandum,
Dendryphiella
vinosa,
Endophragmiella
novae-zelandiae,
Helicoma
dennisil,
Helminthosporium avenaceum, Stemphylium asperosporum, Moorella speciosa,
Paathramaya sundara, Sporidesmium leonense, Sporidesmium cookei, Taeniolella muricata,
Stemphylium atrum, and confirmed their identity. The frequency of Acrodictys erecta,
Acrodictys globulosa, Sporidesmium leonense, Sporidesmium cookei was very high in
different locality whereas Acladium phoenicis, Arthrinium urticae, Abasidium pullulans,
Botrytis allii, Brachysporium nigrum, Cladosoporium chlorocephalum, Coniosporum
memorandum, Dendryphiella vinosa, Endophragmiella
novae-zelandiae,
Helicoma
dennisil, Helminthosporium avenaceum, Stemphylium asperosporum, Moorella speciosa,
Paathramaya sundara, Taeniolella muricata, Stemphylium atrum occurrac rarely
necessary morphological characters were recorded and the drawings were made. There
fungi can beused for their metabolite production.
Keywords: Taxonomic Study, Hyphomycetes, Flora.
Page 71
Organic farming and sustainability of agricultural system

Dr.Anupama Modi
Shri Jain Diwakar College,
Indore (M.P.)
Email: dranupamamodi@gmail.com
Abstract
The leftovers explosives of Second World War triggered the chemical era in
agriculture all over the world. This followed by the chain of fertilizer and pesticides industries
destroyed the fine fabric of organic farming, which was our traditional wisdom in agriculture
for ages.
In fact industrial revolution succeeded consumerism in our society resulting in to severe
environmental pollution and climate change.
Conserving ecological balance to avoid further depletion of natural resources, which is the
main principle of sustainability is being sought by responsible global citizens.
India can certainly play a pivot role because of the teaching of our sagas like Parashar,
Kashyap, Varahmihi, Soorpal and many others. There is a large number of farmers following
these sagas and providing us safe food, fabric and shelter from crops of no match in the
world.
Not only agriculture but our rural society is also organic. Look to our entire agriculture
system-tilling, sowing, hoeing, irrigation, threshing and transportation to market is carried by
bullocks. Our crop related cottage industries hardly need machines.
Environmentally aware and peace loving citizens of western world are following our
foot prints of sustainability. To cite a few examples-slow food movement, local food for
cultural survival, organic farming, denial for pasteurized milk bottles and bags etc.
Key words: ecological balance, industrial revolution, environmental pollution, conservation.
agriculture system.
Page 72
Biodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene: A Molecular Approach

Ashutosh Bahuguna1, R.N. Singh2 and Ashok Munjal*
1
Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeonbuck,

South Korea-712-714;
2
Department of Biochemistry, S.B.S. P.G. Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research,

Balawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand;
*Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026 (M.P.)
Abstract
A new bacterial strain DMT-7 capable of selectively desulfurizing dibenzothiophene
(DBT) was isolated from diesel contaminated soil. The DMT-7 was characterized and
identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 (NCBI GenBank Accession No. GQ496620)
using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The desulfurized product of DBT, 2hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP), was identified and confirmed by high performance liquid
chromatography analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis respectively.
The desulfurization kinetics revealed that DMT-7 started desulfurization of DBT into 2HBP
after the lag phase of 24 hr, exponentially increasing the accumulation of 2HBP up to 15 days
leading to approximately 60% desulfurization of the DBT. However, further growth resulted
into DBT degradation. The induced culture of DMT-7 showed shorter lag phase of 6 hr and
early onset of stationary phase within 10 days for desulfurization as compared to that of noninduced culture clearly indicating the inducibility of the desulfurization pathway of DMT-7.
In addition, Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 also possess the ability to utilize broad range of
substrates as sole source of sulfur such as benzothiophene, 3,4-benzo DBT, 4,6-dimethyl
DBT, and 4,6-dibutyl DBT. Therefore, Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 could serve as
model system for efficient biodesulfurization of diesel and petrol.
Page 73
Development V/s Environmental Issues in the Western Ghats A Commentary on

Madhav Gadgil and Kasturirangan Reports
Dr. Jayakrishnan Nair
Asstt. Professor (English)
J. N. S. Govt. PG College,
Shujalpur (M.P.)
Abstract
Western Ghats is a single geographic belt ranging from Goa to Kanyakumari covering
six Indian States viz., Goa, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The
Western Ghats consisting of Sahyadri range, the Western Ghats escarpment and the coastal
belts constitute one geological domain or province(Valdiya 2010). It is classed as one of the
hottest hotspots of biodiversity in the world. Important rivers like Godavari, Nethravati,
Krishna and Kaveri originate from Western Ghats. It is 1490 kms. Long and its width ranges
from 48 kms. To 210 kms. with a total area of 1,29,037 sq.kms. according to Madhav Gadgil
report. A study reveals that about 40% of the original vegetation cover was lost or converted
to other uses between 1920 and 1990 in the Western Ghats due to human migration and
habitation in three States viz. Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
This paper looks at the governmental and bureaucratic dilemma caused by the reports
of two different Commissions set up by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),
Government of India in the recent past in order to find out the ways and means to protect this
rare and invaluable gift of Nature. The first commission headed by Prof. Madhav Gadgil, a
renowned environmentalist, was set up in 2010 and it submitted its report in August, 2011 in
which it had recommended impracticable strictures and prohibitions on the developmental
projects and activities in the area including those which would have led to evacuating villages
altogether under Indian Environment (Protection) Act. As a result, all the ruling and
opposition parties of the concerned States had raised their cudgels against the report more for
the fear of losing their vote base than a real concern in the problems of the people if the
recommendations are implemented. However, considering the opposition to the report from
all the quarters, the MoEF was compelled to set up another Commission in 2012, headed by
Dr. Kasturirangan, the famous space scientist, which submitted its report on 15th April, 2013.
The recommendations of the latter report tried to dilute the various strictures laid down by the
earlier one, but for the wrong reasons, it is alleged. Thus in fact both the reports came in for
scathing criticism from the States concerned and particularly from the affected groups. The
major criticism, overall, was that they did not consider the human content of the area, and
merely looked at the physical environmental issues in the Western Ghats which was termed as
mechanical environmentalism negating human interest.
Now that there is a big public outrage against these reports, the government is unable
to go ahead with implementation of any of the recommendations, being under pressure from
both human and the non-human, and its further steps are closely watched by the public eyewhether it will be humane or inhuman.
Key Words: Western Ghats, Environmentalism, Outrage, Human Interest
Page 74
Impact analysis of air pollution and health effect.

Dr. Rajkumar Neema
Assistant professor and Head (Economics)
Co-Ordinator (BCA)
Govt.Madhav Science College. Ujjain (M.P.)
E-mail: rajneema222@gmail.com
Abstract
The health effects of air pollution have been subject to intense study in recent years.
Exposure to pollutants such as airborne participate matter and ozone has been associated with
increases in mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular disease.
These effects have been found in short-term studies, which relate day-to-day variations in air
pollution and health, and long-term studies, which have followed cohorts of exposed
individuals over time. Effects have been seen at very low levels of exposure, and it is unclear
whether a threshold concentration exists for particulate matter and ozone below which no
effects on health are likely. In this review, we discuss the evidence for adverse effects on
health of selected air pollutants.[1] This paper is the study about the health effect of air
pollution ,air pollution is the major problem of health. Current time the various problem arise
through air pollution many company, industries and the living strategies Increase air
pollution. This paper shows the analytical study about air pollution and its health effect.
Keywords: respiratory, airborne, air pollution
References:
[1]
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(02)112748/abstract?cc=y=
Page 75
A review on Solid waste management of municipal in Indian cities

Dr. Kanti Pachori
Department of chemistry,Govt.Nirbhaya Singh Patel Science College ,INDORE(M.P)
Email-kantipachori7@gmail.com
Abstract
Agricultural application of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), as nutrient source
for
plants and as soil conditioner, is the most cost-effective option of MSW management
because of its advantages over traditional means such as land filling or incineration.
However, agricultural application of MSW can lead to a potential environmental threat
due to the presence of pathogens and toxic pollutants. Composting is an attractive
alternative of MSW recycling. Application of MSW compost (MSWC) in agricultural
soils can directly alter soil physicochemical properties as well as promote plant growth.
The soil microbial biomass, considered as the living part of soil organic matter, is very
closely related to the soil organic matter content in many arable agricultural soils.
Numerous studies, with different MSWC amendment doses on different soil types and
under different water regimes revealed no detrimental effect on soil microbial biomass.
In this review, we show the state of art about the effects of MSWC amendment on soil
microbial biomass.
Key Words: Soil quality, Microorganisms, Composting, Organic Carbon, Plant nutrients
Page 76
Impact of global warming and changing climate on plant biodiversity

Sanjay Singh Baroniya, Pramod Palshya
Department of Botany, Govt. Science College Dewas, Dewas (M.P.), India
Department of Zoology, Govt. Science College Dewas, Dewas (M.P.), India.
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the changes in the global climate since, the trends in
these changes are printing towards a detrimental impact. The impact of global climate change
on biodiversity is not merely concern of a far-off future; it is happening and observable now,
in a variety of locations around the world including India. Most of us are already aware of the
recent world-wide decline in many animal and plant species Contributors to Climate Change
and Biodiversity and others document numerous instances of species response to global
climate change in the India and elsewhere, including changes in species distribution and
abundance, and life cycle shifts for all major groups of plants and animals. Present article
gives an idea about trends of changing climate and lists rare and endangered plant species of
malwa region (central India).
Page 77
Bioremediation: A tool for sustainable environment

Dr. Archana Pancholi1 and Dr. Giriraj Sharma
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Swami Vivekanand Government P.G. College,
Neemuch (M.P.).
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Bhagat Singh Government P.G. College, Jaora
(M.P.)
Abstract
Bioremediation, an integral part of all Environmental Biotechnology Program, explore
the use of biological mechanisms to destroy, transform or immobilize environmental
contaminants to protect potential sensitive receptors. The use of living organisms (primarily
microorganisms and plants) is emerging as one of the most useful alternative technologies for
removing contaminants from the environment, restoring contaminated sites, and preventing
further pollution. Optimizing the environmental conditions in bioremediation processes
ensures that the physiological and biochemical activities are directed towards biodegradation
of the target contaminants. Environmental factors influencing biological activity include
moisture, temperature, pH, oxygen, and chemical nature of contaminant. George M. Robinson
invented Bioremediation technology using microorganisms. He was the petroleum engineer
for Santa Maria, California. During the 1960s, he spent his spare time experimenting with
dirty jars and various mixes of microbes. Bioremediation is an option that offers the
possibility to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological
activity. As such, it uses relatively low cost, low technology techniques, which generally
have a high public acceptance and can often be carried out on site. Phytoremediation, with the
associated role of rhizospheric microorganisms, is therefore an important tool in
bioremediation processes. The process of bioremediation involve the use of microorganisms
which are native to the contaminated sites by providing them sufficient nutrients and a few
chemicals essential for their growth and development. This enables them to destroy the
pollutants present in the contaminated sites. These microorganisms are used for the treatment
of contaminated sites containing a wide variety of pollutants.
Keywords: Bioremediation;
biotechnology
Phytoremediation;
Biological
activity;
Environmental
Page 78
Environmental impact of land clearing in swap lands

Dr. Anil Pandey
Professor (Zoology)
Govt. Vikram College, Khachrod
Abstract
Land clearing impacts on upland sites will generally apply to swamp lands as well.
Below are presented additional considerations of particular concern when reclaiming the
swamp lands for agriculture. The effects of the swamp land clearing on water hydrology can
play a significant role in the success of subsequent agricultural activity. Lowering of the
water table because of land reclamation and drainage can cause oxidation of the potential acid
sulphate soil often found in swamp lands, thus lowering the pH value, and may also deprive
crops of water requirements fluctuations. The water table may be very severe causing floods
during the rainy season and low water table levels during the dry season. Generally, land
clearing for agricultural development of swamp lands will increase navigational opportunities
for local communities. Control in reclaimed swamplands, areas can be flooded by stagnant
rain water, river floods and high tides. Land level lowering owing to peat soil subsidence
could impede drainage of low-lying back swamps. Proper dredging and planning of drainage
canals and reclaiming the area around canals will reduce the possibility of flooding.
Keywords Swamp, Community
Page 79
Impact of Dairy Additives on Human Health

Arjun Shukla* and Monika Pandey**
*Department of Zoology, Govt. Model Science College, Jabalpur (M.P.)
**Department of Zoology, Pt. S.N.S. Govt. P.G. College, Shahdol (M.P.)
Email: arjunshukla37@gmail.com
Abstract
Humans are the only mammals that consume milk long after being weaned, and the
only species that consumes milk from other species. As increasing population,
industrialization has also turned milking cows into machines of mass production, and
inhuman treatment of dairy animals is commonplace. Principally speaking, whatever is fed to
a cow will end up being secreted in her milk. Chemical contamination of milk has a wide
variety of sources, from the rubber components of milking machines to pesticides used on the
feed. The most common contaminants are antibiotics (i.e. penicillin), pesticides and
fertilizers, sterols (i.e. progesterone), trace metals and radioactivity, and arsenic. There has
been much concern with regards to antibiotic use in livestock and its implications with
resistant organisms. Close to 70% of global production of antibiotics is used for livestock
production, of which 80% is used to promote growth. WHO reports theredirect evidence that
antibiotic use in food producing animals results in resistant salmonella infections in human. In
this regard, the substituting of cows milk for breast milk has also been associated with
sudden infant death syndrome. Respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal diseases have also been
directly linked to milk intolerance such as rhinitis, exempt and chronic constipation. Other
than diseases of affluence, there arechemical contaminants, milkborn infectious diseases,
allergies, and intolerance causing respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal diseases. All of these
factors have contributed in part to the cumulative ecological footprint of dairy production.
Keywords: Health, Dairy, Milk, WHO, Human.
Page 80
Health and environmental concerns in waste water management

Dr. Shakuntala Pandey
Professor (Chemistry)
Govt. Madhav Science College, Ujjain
Abstract
As research into the characteristics of wastewater has become more extensive, and as
the, techniques for analyzing specific constituents and their potential health and
environmental effects have become more comprehensive, the body of scientific knowledge
has expanded significantly. Many of the new treatment methods being developed are designed
to deal with health and environmental concerns associated with findings of recent research.
However, the advancement in treatment technology effectiveness has not kept pace with the
enhanced constituent, detection capability. Pollutants can be detected at lower concentrations
than can be attained by available treatment technology. Therefore, careful assessment of
health and environment effects and community concerns about these effects becomes
increasingly important in wastewater management. The need to establish a dialogue with the
community is important to assure that health and environmental issues are being addressed.
Key words: Community, Pollutant
Page 81
Waste Water Remediation: Visible-light induced Photocatalytic Mineralization of

Methylene Green Dye using BaCrO4 Photocatalyst
Brijesh Pare and Vijendra Singh Solanki
JNS Post Graduate College, Shujalpur
Department of Chemistry, ISLE, IPS Academy, Indore 452012
E-mail: brijeshpare2009@hotmail.com/vijendrasingh0018@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper discuss on waste water remediation technique utilizing photocatalytic
degradation of a hazardous methylene green dye solution. The effects of various parameters
such as catalyst loading, pH, initial concentration of the dye, concentration of H2O2 and
K2S2O8, concentration of NaCl and Na2CO3 , N2 and O2 bubbling, and intensity of light on
decolorization have been investigated. The removal of methylene green dye and its
degradation efficiency was evaluated by determination of reduction in the chemical oxygen
demand (COD) from 440 mg/L to 5 mg/L and increase in CO2 values from 9 mg/L to 212
mg/L in 7 h. A decrease in pH and increase in conductivity of solution was observed with
increase in the extent of mineralization. The extent of decolorization has been discussed in
terms of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate of decolorization of dye was recorded
with respect to the change in the intensity of absorption peak in visible region. The prominent
peak at max, i.e., 650 nm got decreased gradually and finally disappeared indicating that the
dye got decolorized. Similarly the peak in the UV region at 300 nm got decreased with the
passage of time, thereby confirming the complete mineralization of the dye.
Keywords: Advanced oxidation process, BaCrO4, Degradation, Photocatalysis, Methylene
green.
Page 82
Bioactive compounds modulated cell signalling in prevention of Parkinsons disease

Priyanka Parihar, M.S. Parihar
School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.)
Abstract
Parkinsons disease is a multifactorial disease clinically characterized by motor
abnormalities including resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, postural instability
and autonomic dysfunctions while pathologically characterized by progressive loss of
dopaminergic neurons particularly in substantia nigra. Despite of various researches on
potential pathogenic mechanisms and pathways, the cause of neurodegeneration in PD is still
poorly understood. Recent research have found that defect in different cellular pathways may
be considered as early trigger for neuronal cell death. These cellular pathways includes
impaired MAPK signalling, PI3 kinase signalling, neuroinflammation, abnormal protein
accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Bioactive compounds are
micronutrients that are abundantly present in our diet and play evident role in the prevention
of various neurodegenerative diseases. Bioactive compounds particularly avonoids are able
to exert neuroprotective actions at low concentration. They interact with different neuronal
intracellular signalling pathways such as such as the mitogen-activated proteinkinase pathway
(MAPK) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase/Akt) and induce neuronal survival;
neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation that could potentially inhibit neurodegeneration and
neuroinflammation. Therefore it can be suggested that the use of bioactive compounds as
herbal medicine can mediate activation or deactivation of neuronal intracellular signalling
pathways that can play a potential role in prevention of PD.
Page 83
Seasonal trends in physio-chemical parameters and zooplankton in a freshwater

reservoir of Dejla Dewada, Khargone, M.P.
S.K.Pathak and Sandhya Kshetrey*
Department of Zoology, Govt.P.G.College, Sanwer (Indore) M.P.
*P.G.Department of Zoology, Govt.P.G.College, Khargone (M.P.)
E-mail: pathaksk57@gmail.com
Abstract
Seasonal variation in physico-chemical and zooplankton communities of dejla dewada
reservoir, west nimar distrct (Khargone) studied during october 2009 to September2010.
Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda Cladocera, and Ostrcoda were found important dominated
zooplanktonic group.The total zooplankton density ranged between 879 unit/L to 2980 unit/L
with higher composition of Protozoa during the study period. Physico-chemical parameters
were estimated and their correlation with the zooplankton was studied.
Key words: Dejla Dewada,Reservoir, Zooplanktons.hysico-chemical Parameters
Page 84
Bio-monitoring of Automobile Pollution Using Total Phenol Contents of Leaves of Some

Road Side Trees of Ujjain
Dr. Madhu Purohit*, Ranjana Gupta#
* Professor- Botany and #Research scholar
Department of Botany, Govt . Madhav Science P.G. Collage, Ujjain (M.P.) 456010
Email: drmadhupurohit@rediffmail.com, ranjanagupta011@gmail.com
Abstract
Plants that are constantly exposed to air pollutants absorb, accumulate and integrate
these pollutants into their system and depending on their sensitivity level, they show various
changes including alteration in the bio-chemical processes or accumulation of certain
metabolites. Thus, the bio-monitoring of plants is an important tool to evaluate the impact of
air pollution. The ability of plants to absorb and adsorb pollutants by their foliage varies
greatly and depends on several bio-chemical, physiological and morphological characteristics.
The leaves have been reported as the most sensitive part to show symptoms of air
pollution viz., alteration in morphological, eco-physiological and bio-chemical characteristics
of leaves. Total phenol contents can be taken as an indicator of automobile pollution.
In the present study bio-monitoring of automobile pollution was done by determining
total phenol contents of leaves of 10 road side trees. Total phenol contents were increased in
all the selected trees of the polluted sites. Maximum increment was noted in January and
minimum in April. The highest value of total phenol content was found in F. religiosa and the
lowest value was found in S. album from all the sites.
Keywords: Automobile pollution, bio-chemical, bio-monitoring, eco-physiological,
morphological.
Page 85
Study of Ground water quality in Barwani District with special reference to

fluoride status and Fluorosis in Human
A.Qureshi,A.Chouhan,C.S. Shrivastava,A.Pal
Department Of Zoology
Holkar Science college,Indore(M.P.)
Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the fluoride contamination status of groundwater
in Pansemal Tehsil of Barwani District M.P. For this purpose, 24 water samples collected
from Hand Pumps and Bore Wells of village of study area were analysed for fluoride contain
.Fluoride concentration in this sampling sides varied from 0.268 -1.643 Mg/L in groundwater
samples, with lowest value 0.268 Mg/L in village Junapani (S2) Bore Well in village
Gongwada (S3) and highest value 1.643 Mg/L Hand Pump.
Keywords: Groundwater, Fluoride, Fluorosis, Pansemal Tehsil Barwani District M.P.
Page 86
Status of wetlands in Ujjain and measures for restoration

Miss Noureen Qureshi and Miss Meghna Joshi
S.S. in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain MP
E-mail: megha_joshi63@yahoo.in
Abstract
Ujjain is the ancient city also known as Ujjaiyini, Awanti, Awantika and
Awantikapuri. It is situated at bank of holy Kshipra river. Ujjain is famous for dwadash
jyotirling Mahakaleshwar and simhasth mela. Ujjain has many tourist places as temples like
Chintaman ganesh, Kal bhairav, kaliadeh palace, Sandipani Aashram, Bharatahari caves etc.
Ujjain is well known for it's rich water resources also known as Sapt Sagar(seven lakes),
which are Kshir Sagar, Shri Pushkar Sagar, Rudra Sagar, Gowardhan Sagar, Ratnakar Sagar,
Vishnu Sagar and Purushottam Sagar. Beyond these resources Sahibkhedi pond, Kshipra
river, Gambhir dam is the main water resources. Recently Narmada-Kshipra link project also
working for simhasth. But the main problem is related with majority of wetlands that due to
anthropogenic factors these resources are heavily pollutes & became dead. All the Sapt Sagars
need restoration practices. Recently with the cooperation administration and public Vishnu
Sagar is restored successfully and developed as eco-tourist spot. We will discuss in the
present paper the success story of Vishnu Sagar restoration development as eco-tourist place.
Key words: Wetlands, Sapt Sagar, Eco-tourism, Kshipra Narmada link.
Page 87
Response of Saffron Plant (Crocus sativus L.) against Particulate Pollutants around
industrial belt Khrew, Kashmir
Rouf ur Rafiq1 and D M Kumawat2
1
Research Scholar, School of studies in Environment Management

Vikram University Ujjain, M.P, 456010, India
Cell no. : +91-8821983543 E-mail: roufevs13@gmail.com
2
Professor & Head, School of studies in Environment Management

Vikram University Ujjain, M.P.456010, India
Abstract
This study was aimed to know the response of cement industries dust on various parts
of Saffron plant growing at different distances from the cement industrial belt Khrew,
Kashmir, India. Sampling was done at different distances ranging from 0.5-2.0 kms from the
point source. The chlorophyll pH of leaf wash, pH of leaf extract and leaf size (length) were
reduced in dust-exposed plant species as compared to control site Lethapora (13 km away
from the cement factories). Survival of plants in the vicinity of industrial areas is being
threatened by particulates. Increased concentration of cement dust pollutants causes invisible
injuries like progressive decline in photosynthetic ability and closure of leaf stomata and thus
affect the growth and productivity of Saffron. Besides the deleterious effects of the dust were
expressed by the reduction in size of the leaf, damaged leaf margin and change in colour.
Overall study shows that Saffron growing near cement industries were adversely affected
physiologically.
Key words: Cement dust, Chlorophyll, Pollution, Saffron.
Page 88
Wetland retention: Redefining community based approach

Rumeet Kaur Raina and Dr Vipin Vyas
Department of Bioscience
Barkatullah University 462026
Abstract
Wetlands are one of the worlds most important environmental assists, as it supports
high number of plants and animals species compared to other areas of the world. Wetlands
provides link between land and water. Without wetlands, human communities lose many of
the vital services that they provide including water purification, flood control and food
supply. . It becomes mandatory to consider threats to wetland caused by direct and indirect
pressure from human settlement that may result in further loss or degradation. Lack Of
Understanding Is One Of The Major Threats To Wetland Health And Longevity That Comes With The
Knowledge That Wetland Retention Is Better Than Restoration The sustainable approach should
be developed to enhance in increasing recognition of the importance of wetlands as ecosystem

that contribute to both biodiversity and human well being. The ecological status of wetlands is
frequently being achieved through biological monitoring. . In fact, it is an effective method
for minimizing wetlands degradation. The various biological communities such as fish,
macroinvertebrate, and periphyton are used as biomarkers for assessment of the wetlands. Out
of these communities benthic macroinvertebrate are most useful in monitoring freshwater
ecosystem. Well, by knowing the ecology of aquatic insect community, biomonitoring tools
will provides some historic insight into the water quality of wetlands. For minimizing
wetlands degradation and better management policies community based approaches is
needed which can be useful in gaining support for wetlands management schemes and driving
positive change. By involving local community wetland restoration will get utmost priority.
This will create harmonious work relationship among local people. Thus, the policy makers
and implementing agencies must look at the issue of wetland conservation from this
perspective to ensure sustainable development of wetlands. The wetland conservation is the
need of the hour, so that the phrase prevention is better than cure, stands legitimate in
this scenario.
Key words: Wetlands, Wetland retention, Biomonitoring, Community - based approach.
Page 89
Role of Botanical Gardens in Biodiversity Conservation

Hitendra K. Ram* and Sunil Pathak#
*Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Management
Atal Bihari Vajpeyee Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
E-mail: ramhitendra@gmail.com
# Maharaja Bhoj Govt. P. G. College, Dhar M.P.
Abstract
Human are integral part of ecosystem. It is an urgent need to maintain complete chain
and relation between all components of our ecosystem for continue the life on earth. In a
society where many people have become disconnected from the natural world but where the
threats from climate change and species extinction (plant and animal) are predicted to get
worse as the century progresses. Botanic gardens could play a significant role in reconnecting people with the world of plants, educating them and showing them models for
sustainable living.
One of the 16 targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC); number
14 targets requires that everyone understands the importance of plant diversity and the need
for its conservation. With over 200 million visitors per year worldwide, botanic gardens are
important stakeholders in implementing this target. But at the moment botanic gardens are
only reaching a very little segment of society. BGCI is an international organization with a
network of members across the world that exists to ensure the world-wide conservation of
threatened plants, the continued existence of which is intrinsically linked to global issues
including poverty, human well-being and climate change.
th
Present paper deals with some important aspect of botanical gardens for maintaining
ecosystem functions.
Page 90
The drinking water as quasi fundamental (human) right

(Indian Panorama)
Dr. Archana Ranka
Reader, School of Law
Devi AhilyaVishwavidyalaya
Indore (M.P)
E_mail: archana_ranka@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
The water scarcity is great menace and the global problem. The water is most valuable
commodity provided For the mankind s survival by the mother earth and the search is being
continuously carried on by several countries in neighboring planets of solar system because if
the Ist world war was fought (1914-1918) for the supremacy of guns, among nations; the IInd
world war fought for ownership of autonomous nuclear weapons, that gave us League of
Nations and UNO; the third deemed world war aims at ownership for drinking water across
the globe and within the nations too. India is also a vulnerable country and water management
is its crying need since water is a quasi fundamental (human) right. This research paper is
devoted to the analysis of problems in respect to water management, in India and evolve
probable socio-legal solutions for them. Sustainable development as per Rio Convention
requires conservation of water for future generation has to be exercised by us, as we are the
signatory of this convention since 1992.
Key words: Fundamental Right, Water Management, Environment courts, Polluter Pays.
Page 91
WATER CRISIS: A GLOBAL ISSUE

Neha Sharma and D.S. Rathore
Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. Kamala Raja Girls PG Autonomous College, Gwalior (M.P.)
Email- devendra_sr01@yahoo.in
Abstract
Water is an essential resource for all life on the planet. The water resources on earth
only 3% of it are not salty and 2/3rd of the fresh water is locked up in ice cops and glaciers.
The water crisis facing the country is not primarily due to lack of water, but rather arises from
mismanagement of water resources. Water management is the activity of planning,
developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Ideally, water
management planning has regard to all the competing demands for water and seeks to allocate
water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands. This is rarely possible in practice.
Effective water management is essential to maintain health of resources, ecosystem and
industries depended on them. Good quality results can be obtained by upgrading sanitary
fixtures, eliminating single pass cooling in vehicle and equipments, recovering roof top
rainwater and planning water efficient plants. One of the biggest concerns for our water based
resources in the future is the sustainability of the current resources and even future water
resources allocation. To solve worlds water problem, we should improve data related to
water, treasure the environment, reform water governance, reutilize agricultural water use,
manage urban and industrial demand, and empower the poor and women in water
management.
Keywords: Water Management, resources, ecosystem, environment etc.
Page 92
An overview of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for biofuels

Dheeraj Rathore1 and Anoop Singh2
1
School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat,

Gandhinagar (Gujarat)- 382030 INDIA
2
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and
Technology, Government of India, Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi110016 INDIA
Abstract
The ever increasing demand for energy and chemicals coupled with the growing
concern over the limited fossil fuel sources have led to development of several alternatives.
Biofuels are plant-derived energy sources that can either be burnt directly for heat or
converted to a liquid fuel such as ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen. Large-scale biofuel
industries are being promoted to decrease reliance on petroleum in response to an abrupt rise
in oil prices and to develop transportation fuels that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
compared to conventional fuel. This growing interest in biofuels is a means of
modernizing biomass use and providing greater access to clean liquid fuels while helping
to address energy costs, energy security, and global warming concerns associated with
petroleum fuels. However, the energetic use of biomass also causes impacts on climate
change and, arise different environmental issues, such as land-use and agricultural emissions,
acidification, and eutrophication. This makes it imperative to have a complete overview of the
full value chain of the process including the techno-economical analysis, environmental
impacts, feedstocks, products and wastes generated. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an
excellent and well-accepted tool to study all these parameters in a cradle-to-grave approach.
LCA techniques have been often applied to different types of biofuels to assess their
environmental impacts and economic feasibility. However, this is not so straight-forward
owing to the variable nature of the feedstock, the type of processing method used, the
diversity of products that are formed and the nature of waste which is generated in the
process. Thus it becomes important to have uniform guidelines to conduct LCA for such a
complex system. Presented work is an overview of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
methodology for grass bio-methane to highlight the importance of LCA in any biofuel system.
Key words: Life cycle assessment, biofuel, biomethane
Page 93
Land management becomes global challenges

Madhubala Rathore
School of Life Science,
JNU,New Delhi.
E-mail: madhub25_sls@jnu.ac.in
Abstract
Land use considered as environmental issue,and becoming global importance.More
and more lands has being cultivated for human being requirement such as food production,
water, shelter. Land area in relation to agriculture decrease in USA, industrial countries and
developed countries, but increase in developing countries, Asia, Africa etc. In developing
counties continue increase in population,food shortage and poverty main problem,to
overcome these problem caused land cultivation for agriculture.More agriculture land can
change the climate and environmental degradation due to more consumption of fertilizers
.Agriculture land expansion can be reduced when human population growth becomes
limited.Through new technologies and various measurement the problem of food shortage can
be overcome from agriculture. Food production goal can be achieved with minimum
environmental risk through public awareness.
Page 94
Environmental impact on birds

* Dr. Saroj Vikram Ratnakar, Asst. Prof. Zoology,
Email-svkarare@gmail.com
Govt. Girls P. G. College, Ujjain (M. P.)
Dr. Vikram Ratnakar, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Ujjain (M. P.)
Abstract
Pollution, of many diverse types, has direct and indirect impacts on birds-an indication of the
wider problems it creates for humans and biodiversity alike. Water-borne pollutants can
devastate otherwise productive wetland and coastal habitats. Many pesticides linked to bird
deaths are still in widespread use, especially in developing countries. Oil spills remain a threat
to some seabirds, while solid waste is an increasing problem. Little is known of the long-term
effects of many pollutants, including those that persist and accumulate in the environment.
Pollution from a wide range of sources affects birds: agricultural and industrial effluents and
urban wastewater can all have serious direct impacts on bird populations, through increased
mortality, as well as less immediately obvious through reducing fertility. Pollution can also
have strong indirect effects on birds, by degrading habitats or reducing food supplies. More
generally, birds can serve as invaluable indicators of the wider impacts of pollutants. They are
often the most visible sign of the environmental problems caused by oil slicks and have
highlighted the broad environmental impacts of less well known persistent organic pollutants
and of acid-rain.
Keywords: birds, biodiversity, wetland, pesticides and pollutants.
Page 95
ASSESSMENT OF CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION (CCS) FOR

MITIGATING THE CLIMATE CHANGE
Reddy, P.B
PG Department of Zoology
Government PG College, Ratlam.M.P.
reddysiryahoo.co.in
Abstract
CO2, the principal greenhouse gas from power plants and other large industrial
sources is linked to global warming and climate change. The topic of carbon capture and
storage (CCS) and it's currently one of the hottest topics in the field of energy technology.
Carbon capture and utilization and/or storage refers to a two-pronged approach to reducing
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil-fired electric generating units (EGUs) and other
CO2-emitting facilities. The CO2 can be collected from industrial plants prior to or after
combustion of fuel and can be compressed and transported to an injection site for
underground storage, or it can be utilized for productive purposes. Carbon capture and
sequestration (CCS) is extensively seen as a decisive strategy for restrictive atmospheric
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2).
The CCS knowledge is heavily technology dependent. This research report assesses prospects
for improved, lower cost technologies for each of the three current approaches to CO2 capture
like post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture and oxy-combustion capture. But the
major disadvantages of current processes are their high cost and the large energy requirements
for operation. Another drawback in terms of their availability for greenhouse gas mitigation is
that at present, there are still no full-scale applications of CO2 capture on a coal-fired or gasfired power plant. Besides, earth quakes and ground water contamination is the major concern
of the CCS technology.
This research report spotlights on the various components of a CCS system like CO2 capture
transportation, geologic storage and various related concerns.
Keywords: CCS technology, Carbon removal, Climate change, Politics
Page 96
Biotechnological potential: Sustainable use of blue green algae as biofertilizer

Rimsha Rizvi*, Manju Jain, P.N.Shrivastava
Department of Botany, Govt. Girls College VIDISHA, S.S.L. Jain College VIDISHA
E-mail id:- rimsharizvi1980@gmail.com*
Abstract
Chemical fertilizers are expensive for farmers. Cyanobecteria or Blue green algae
Nostoc and Anabaena are good example of biofertilizers. It is also called as organic fertilizers.
It contains solar energy, nitrogen, water living creatures which ensure the fertility of soil.
Biofertilizers are essential component of organic forming and play important role in
maintaining long term soil fertility, soil productivity, environmental quality and sustainability
by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The cyanobacteria are capable of fixing the atmospheric
nitrogen and convert it into an available form of ammonium required for growth. In this
research paper cyanobacteria were isolated and identified. Polythene pits were prepared in
open area for proper handling of culture. Transfer 2-3 Kg soil and add 100 gm of super
phosphate. Water is added into pit and for maintaining pH, lime were mixed. The starter
inoculum were mixed for optimum growth of cyanobacteria. After drying the cyanobacteria
mat were separated from the soil. These are collected, powdered and sealed in polythene bags.
Blue green algae is helps in Environment friendly agro-ecosystem. The farmers can be easily
adopted this technology. Now a days, biofertilizer technology based on cyanobacteria were
under much attention. However, better exploitation is needed to improve this technology.
Key words: Biofertilizer, Blue green algae, Nitrogen fixation, Soil fertility.
Page 97
Physico-chemical and microbiological evaluation of water quality Ranapur area,

Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India
Kiran Kumar Sadhav1, S. M. A. Naqwi2
1
2
Asst. Professor Botany, Govt. Science College Dewas, M.P., India

Ret. Professor of Botany, I.K.D.C., Indore, M.P., India
Abstract
The present study deals with the physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of
surface and ground water in Ranapur area of Jhabua District, which is situated at the western
part of Madhya Pradesh, at M.P.-Gujarat border. The ground water and Surface water samples
were collected from 3 sites during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the year 2013
and were subjected for the physico-chemical and microbiological analysis. The present
investigation reveals a specific pattern in physicochemical parameters. Comparison of the
physico-chemical and Microbiological parameters of the water sample with WHO and APHA
limits showed that the groundwater is contaminated and account for health hazards for human
use.
Keywords: Ground Water, Physico-Chemical Characters, Hardness, Carbonate.
Page 98
Bio-fuel: A sustainable approach to meet the demand of energy in future

Mahesh Kumar Saini and Shrikant Wankhede
Amity Institute of Biotechnology
Amity University Rajasthan Jaipur
Email: maheshkumarsai09@gmail.com
Abstract
Energy has been one of the most important factors to sustain the life and economic
growth of any country. As the demand of energy is increasing so the recourses of energy are
changing continuously like coals, natural gas, oil and nuclear energy.
India has to face several formidable problems to meet its energy requirements because of
fourth largest energy consumer in the world after China, United States and Russia. Its total
energy consumption increased more than six times from the year 2000 to 2012. This was 22%
of China's and 25% of the U.S.A.'s total energy consumption in 2012. In India coal being the
chief source of energy it shared 55% (324.30Mtoe) in 2013. Although in this period other
renewable energy sources such as nuclear, hydro, solar and wind etc had a rather small share
(7%) in the total energy consumption. Biofuels can supplement the energy need in an
environmentally benign and cost-effective manner while reducing dependence on import of
fossil fuels and thereby providing a higher degree of National Energy Security. It will also
support rural economies.
Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass. Biomass is biodegradable
fraction of products, wastes and residues from agriculture, forestry and related industries as
well as the some fraction of industrial and municipal wastes. Biofuels are of different types
like bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, bio-methanol etc. Bio-ethanol is produced from carbohydrate
containing materials like sugar cane, sugar beet, sweet sorghum, corn, cassava, algae, bagasse,
wood waste, agricultural and forestry residues etc. Biodiesel is produced transesterification of
fatty acids produced from vegetable oils and/or animal fat.
So, its a big challenge for India to develop new technology for promotion of the cultivation,
production and use of biofuels to contribute to energy security and climate change mitigation,
apart from creating new employment opportunities and leading to environmentally
sustainable development.
Keywords: Fossil fuels, Biofuels, Bio-ethanol, Biodiesel
Page 99
Isolation of cellulase producing bacteria from soil

Tarun Sankhala1, Harish Vyas2 and Alka Vyas1
1
S.S. in Microbiology,Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.) 456 010, India
Govt. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain (M.P.) 456010, India
E mail: tarunsankhala1@gmail.com
Abstract
Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose units linked by -1,4-glycosidic
bonds. It is an important constituent of cell walls of green plants and it is the most abundant
organic polymer on earth. The structure of cellulose is crystalline which is insoluble in nature.
Many microorganisms are able to degrade cellulose as these microorganisms produce
extracellular cellulase enzyme and are known as cellulolytic microorganisms.
Microorganisms producing high amount of cellulase can be used for the commercial
production of cellulase and have very high economic value. We have isolated bacterial
cultures from soil which are good cellulase producers. The paper describes the isolation and
screening of these bacterial cultures.
Key words: Cellulose, cellulolytic microorganisms, enzyme, cellulase.
Page 100
Biosorption for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions: A review

Jyoti Shah1 and Rajeev Sharma2*
1.
Department of Biotechnology, MM University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana)
2. PG Department of chemistry, Multani Mal Modi College, Patiala-147001

E-mail: 2* rajeev.sharma00@yahoo.com
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in ground water and industrial effluents poses a serious threat
on human health all over the World. Arsenic was first noticed in West Bengal, India in 1983
and soon it becomes a serious problem all over the India. High arsenic concentrations have
been reported recently from the USA, China, Chile, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Mexico, Argentina,
Poland, Canada, Hungary, Japan and India.The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (US-EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established the As level
for drinking water at 10 g/L. A possible solution can be approached through developing a
new sorbents based on cost-effective and environmentally friendly natural biomaterials.
Biosorption is a physico chemical process which includes mechanisms such as absorption,
adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of
both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been noticed as a promising
biotechnology for metal removal from solution. The biosorbents have affinity for heavy metal
ions to form metal complexes or chelates due to functional groups including carboxyl,
hydroxyl, imidazole, sulphydryl, amino, phosphate, sulfate, thioether, phenol, carbonyl and
amide etc. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive non-living biomass of
microbial or plant origin is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of the
pollutants from aqueous solution.
The purpose of this paper is to review the available information on various attributes
of biosorption, utilization of microbial and plant derived biomass and the possibility of
exploiting them for arsenic removal.
Page 101
Sustainable Use of Solar Energy in Green Libraries

1
Dr. Mukesh Kumar Shah
Prof. Sudhir Kumar
Dr. Leena Shah
Miss Chetna Boriwal
Dr. Mukesh Kumar Shah, Guest Faculty in School of Studies in Ancient Indian History,
Culture & Archaeology, Vikram UniversityUjjain (M.P.) 456010.
E-mail: mukeshpshah73@gmail.com
2
Prof. Sudhir Kumar, Ret. Prof. ,S.S. in Library & Inf. Sc. , Vikram University, Ujjain, M.P.
456010.
E-mail: sudhirkumarvujjain@gmail.com
3
Dr. Leena Shah, Librarian, Govt. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain (M.P.) 456006.
E-mail: leenapshah70@gmail.com
4
Miss Chetna Boriwal, Res. Scholar, S.S. in Library & Inf. Sc. , Vikram University, Ujjain,
M.P. 456010
Abstract
India is a vast country of varied climatic zones. Except in North East
and North the sun is abundantly available round the year except during 3
months of rainy season. Educational institutions, specially the libraries, can
utilize this natural source of energy by transforming it in electric energy and by
reducing dependence of electrical light by way of using natural light in public
area. Usually the educational institutions have large roof top without proper
use. The paper studies possibilities of roof top solar energy system including
solar water heaters to go green. The paper studies scientific aspect of solar
energy available in various parts of the country and their possibilities of
converting into electric and heating water in educational institutions. Libraries,
usually being most active and hectic part of any educational system and open
for larger hours than other departments of the institution and even an holidays,
can best make use of it. It will be useful to most of the students of the
institution. The paper reviews various initiatives taken in the world and India.
The paper then discusses possibilities of use of solar energy in Madhya
Pradesh. The paper also studies initiatives provided by state government for
the utilization of non conventional use of energy by way of subsidy, etc. Paper
studies cost of installation and per unit cost and its impact on green initiatives
for environment. Paper finds out possibilities and plan for newly constructed
building including Govt. Kailas Girls College, Ujjain.
Page 102
Save Universal Solvent: Every Drop is Precious

Ms Priyanka Shah
Govt. Madhav Art and Commerce College,Ujjain (M. P.)
Abstract
Water one of the most precious commodity of earth. All living organism (Human
Begins, Plants, Animals and other microorganism) depends on water. Water is very important
for continuation of life on the earth. Water involves in almost all the processes of our body
such as digestion, elimination, assimilation, respiration, maintaining body temperature, etc. It
is so essential that it removes the thirst of our body. We can live for days without food
however, cannot imagine to live without water .Now-a-days, lack of water in our surrounding
areas is the most serious matter which needs to be work out urgently.3/4th of the earth surface
is covered by the water which is getting down and dirty because of various industrial sources
day by day. It is very serious matter that we are losing the water on the earth. Though it is a
renewable resource as it circulates itself in the universe through the process of evaporation
and rain then whats the matter that we have to conserve it??
Page 103
Nrf2 is a master regulator of cytoprotective gene expression

Garima Sharama, M.S. Parihar
School of Studies in Zoology & Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, (M.P.)
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the transcription factor
that constitutively expressed in all tissues. Although it is expressed in all organs with varying
levels but the key detoxification organs such as kidney and liver exhibits highest levels. The
varying level of Nrf2 in different organs is the exposure of Nrf2 with different types of
cellular stressors including endogenous reactive-oxygen species or exogenous electrophiles.
During oxidative stress condition Nrf2 is translocates into the nucleus and combines with a
small Maf protein that finally binds to the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE). However in
normal conditions Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) binds to Nrf2 and causes
ubiquitination of Nrf2. During oxidative stress the Nrf2-signaling pathway mediates
cytoprotection via activating the transcription of more than 200 genes involved in the
metabolism of drugs and toxins, protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2
also plays an integral role in proteins stabilization and in the removal of damaged proteins via
proteasomal degradation or autophagy. However Nrf2 interacts with various other important
cell regulators such as tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) and nuclear factor-kappa beta (NFB) that improves healthspan and protect against many age-related diseases including
cardiovascular, cancer and neurodegeneration. Thus the research based on Nrf2 activation
may provide a significant new insight about activation of various other cytoprotective gene
which may open new therapeutic targets of drugs for the treatment of various human diseases.
Page 104
Quantitative estimation of airborne fungal pollutants in Ujjain city

Sharma Harshad.1, Vyas Harish. 2* and Vyas Alka.1
1. S.S. in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.) 456010, India
2. Govt. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain (M.P.) 456010, India
*E mail: harshad.sharma88@gmail.com
Abstract
The study was carried out for quantitative assessment airborne fungal spores in indoor
and outdoor areas of three different sites in Ujjain city. The monitoring of airborne fungi were
done using Rotorod air sampler and concentration of fungal spores per cubic meter of air was
calculated. Air sampling was done during different seasons during morning as well as in the
evening to study seasonal and temporal variation in the load of airborne fungal spores. After
the air sampling the rods were brought to the laboratory and immersed in sterilized distilled
water and shaken well. The suspension was spread on Petri plates containing PDA and Rose
Bengal and incubated at 282oC. The CFU per plate were counted after 3-7 days and CFU/ m3
of air were calculated. This paper describes the results of the study.
Key words: Fungal pollutants, fungal spores, Rotorod, Air sampling.
Page 105
Water Analysis of Ice-cream industry (Hamu Khedi) in Ujjain

Ishvar Sharma
School Of Studies in Environment Management, Vikram University Ujjain
E-mail-ishvarsharma1@gmail.com
Abstract
The present study has been undertaken to evaluate performance of an Effluent
Treatment Plant (ETP) Of an Ice-cream industry located in Ujjain M.P. An effluent treatment
Plant is operating on biological treatment method (Anaerobic Bio-Reactor) with an average
wastewater Inflow of. 5 lacs/day has been considered for case study. The wastewater is
analyzed for the major water quality parameters, such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS),
and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The effluent samples were collected on a daily basis for a
period of Two month March 2014 to May 2014 ). The raw wastewater pH was highly slightly
acidic or almost 7.0 it was then bringing down to neutral which was helpful caustic for
biological treatment. Solids of the treated effluent reduced significantly, where as very good
reduction was observed in Plant. Most of all the parameters were within the permissible limits
of Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, India.
Keywords: Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), TSS, TDS, Ice-cream industries.
Page 106
Land sustainability through indigenous microflora management

D.M.Kumawat1 & Manish K Sharma2#
1
School of Studies in Environment Management, Vikram University, Ujjain

P.G. Department of Microbiology, Govt. Madhav Science College, Ujjain
#
corresponding Author Email: mks_ujjain@yahoo.com Mob: 9424511763
2
Abstract
Microorganisms play an important role in almost every ecosystem and grassland is
one of them. Malwa region especially Ujjain ecologically falls under grassland cover.
Grasslands have their own importance in maintaining the local biodiversity, in providing
refuge to several insects, birds and animals along with meeting the general feeding and fodder
demands of cattle and humans. Due to certain biotic and abiotic pressures during the past few
decades the grasslands of Ujjain are under severe stress. A qualitative and quantitative
deterioration is evident from the productivity data provided by Statistical Department, Ujjain.
One strategy to uplift the status of these grasslands could be the management of the
indigenous micro flora. Various types of plant species grow in grassland which harbors
beneficial microorganisms in their rhizosphere (soil around the roots). Previous studies
carried out at our institute suggests that indigenous microbes show more promising results in
maintaining the soil fertility than the commercial strains that were introduced. More research
in this regard be done to maintain and manage the grassland soil of the region.
Key Words: Grassland, Indigenous microbes, sustainable management.
Page 107
Noise pollution:- An impact of modern life style

Prachi Sharma , Saloni Sen , Jyoti Upadhyay , Darshna Goyal
Govt. Kalidas Girls College
Abstract
Noise present everywhere but the sound waves are not dangerous. Sound is the sources of
communication which is measured in the unit decibel. The sound of less than 20 decibel is
known as MURMURING, while 20 to 40 decibel is soft sound for hearing while 40 to 50
decibel is loud sound and more than 50 decibel sound is known as NOISE. Noise is waves
based pollutant which is not visible it is the result of modern life style like- Loud Music, Use
of loud speakers, Noise created by vehicles and machineries. It effects the human population
in various ways. In the young generation we can see the anxiety, irritation, weak immune
system, hypertension etc, while all the population is effected by noise which result into High
Blood pressure, Weakness of heart, Failure of heart, Mental disorder, Hormonal imbalance
etc. In such a way noise is not effected the human health but animals health and ecosystem
also. The crack in building and bridges is also the result of noise. In this paper we will discuss
the effects, sources and control of noise pollution.
Our message Is:- MUSIC IS LOVELY TO HERE BUT DO NOT MAKE IT
NOISE.
Key Words: Noise Pollution, Heart Failure, Sound Waves Sources of Noise.
Page 108
Environmental Pollution and Nutrition

Dr Rekha Sharma
Assistant Professor
Govt. Girls P.G. College,Ujjain (M.P.)
E-mail: rekhaujjain@Yahoo.co.in
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become a major, unavoidable health issue for all of us.
The issue of short-term profit versus the health of our planet and ourselves. A healthy human
can adapt to mild and periodic exposure to pollutants in our environment. Some chemicals are
easier to avoid than others. We have more control over what we take into our body than what
goes into our air and water. Healthy food choices, such as "organic" produce, balanced diet,
purified water, and avoiding food additives etc. will certainly diminish our risks.
Our immune defenses, gastrointestinal and liver functions, and other systems of elimination
all play an important role in handling and clearing body toxins. With increased or prolonged
exposure or with a diminished ability to handle chemical contamination for a variety of
reasons, our interaction with these toxins can have many damaging effects. The damage may
range from mild tissue irritation or immune suppression to an increase in the formation of
carcinogenic cells.. Our greatest insurance is maintaining a healthy, functioning body and
immune system through positive lifestyle habits, such as eating a wholesome diet, exercising
regularly, minimizing stress and maintaining positive attitudes. In addition, many nutrients in
our diet and extra nutritional supplements like anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients
can both support needed functions and protect against possible dangers through reductions in
oxidative stress and inflammation .
That means an adequate and balanced diet
elimination of toxins .
helps keep everything moving and favors
Key Words : Environmental Pollution, Health, Nutrtion.
Page 109
Spirulina species showing Hepatoprotective effect in Albino Rats against toxicity of

Carbon tetra chloride as water pollutant
Richa Agrawal, Shikha Sharma, Renu Mukharaiya
Department of Biotechnology, KRG PG (Auto) College, Gwalior
E-mail: Richaagrawal3288@gmail.com
Abstract
Liver is one of the largest organs in the human body and is the main site for intense
metabolism and excretion. The major function of liver is metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and
protein, detoxification, secretion of bile, and storage of vitamins. Spirulina belongs to
Oscillateriaceae family and show immense biodiversity among its species. It is a microscopic
and lamentous cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) that has a long history of use as food
supplements and medicinal properties. Spirulina is 60-70% protein by weight and contains a
rich source of vitamins, such as A, C, E and B-complex, especially vitamin B12 and
provitamin A (-carotene), and minerals such as manganese, zinc, copper, iron, selenium,
carotenoids, antioxidants that can help protect cells from damage. Spirulina species exhibit
various biological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, strengthening immune system,
and metalloprotective and anti-arthritic effects. Many species of Spirulina such as Spirulina
platensis, S. maxima, S.fusiformis show hepatoprotective effect against various toxins eg
carbon-tetrachloride as water pollutant, paracetamol as an analgesic drug etc. The present
study was done to investigate the Hepatoprotective effect of S. platensis in rats against CCl4
by determining the significant outcome regarding ALT, AST, SOD, and Catalase.
Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Spirulina, Albino rats, Carbon-tetrachloride, water pollutant.
Page 110
Impact of Organic manure, Chemical fertilizer and their combination on the Protein
content of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
1
Pinky Dwivedi, 2Muzafer Ahmad Sheikh and 3H.S Dwivedi
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany, Govt. Madhav Science PG College, Ujjain-M.P.Vikram University,

Ujjain-M.P (India) Email:.gld9500.yahoo.co.in
2
Research Scholar
Department of Botany, Govt. Madhav Science PG College, Ujjain-456010, M.P., India ,
Vikram University, Ujjain-M.P (India) Email:muzaferbotany14@gmail.com
3
Professor
Department of Botany, Govt. Madhav Science PG College, Ujjain-456010, M.P., India ,
Vikram University, Ujjain-M.P (India) E.mail: hsdwivedi30@gmail.com
Abstract
Due to the increasing cost of chemical fertilizers organic manures are used not only
for increasing the crop production but they also maintain the fertility and quality of soil. In
order to investigate the comparative effect of Vermicompost, NPK fertilizer and combination
of both on the protein content of Soybean, a field experiment was conducted on Black Cotton
Soil based on Randomized block design with three replications of four treatments at Govt
Madhav Science PG College Ujjain, M.P. The protein content of Soybean plants was
calculated after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing.
The results revealed that protein content was more in the fertilizer treated plants than the
control ones and was found maximum in T4 (Combination of Vermicompost and NPK)
treatment. The study proves that the application of the combination of both organic and
chemical fertilizer is beneficial for the better growth and production of this important legume
crop than the separate use of chemical fertilizers and organic manures.
Keywords: Soybean, Vermicompost, NPK, Protein
Page 111
Pollution & Health : A Review

Dr.Bharti Shrivastav
Govt. PG Girls College, Ujjain
Abstract
In recent years the problem of pollution has become very acute. It is the industrialized
West which takes it seriously, because it is suffering from its injurious effects. In India,
sufficient attention has not been paid to it so far. If we do not tackle this / problem now, future
generations will stiffer front the harmful effects of pollution.
This problem assumes different forms such as, Air-pollution, Water pollution, Food pollution,
Noise-pollution, Moral-pollution, and Paper-pollution. All this pollution results from the
greed of man for getting more and more money. Trees have been cut down on an
unprecedented scald and large production by industrialization has assumed gigantic
proportions. So, the main cause of air and water pollution is unbalanced industrial growth and
urbanization and deforestation. The owners of industries dump waste material on the surface
of the earth or in rivers. So, water is polluted and the waste on the earth produces different
poisonous gases which pollute the air. On the other hand, forests which purify air have been
cut down and new cities and industries have been established in their place. The cutting of the
forests causes what is called The Green-House Effect. It results in the heating of the earths
surface which has serious consequences for life on this planet. As a result, generations to
come are likely to suffer from a number of incurable diseases. Timely measures must be taken
to prevent the Green-House Effect.
Besides these, there is the problem of noise-pollution. The thud and roar of vehicles,
particularly in large cities, is deafening and unbearable. It leads to neurosis and other psychic
disorders. This problem must also be tackled on a war footing. The use of muffersmechanical contrivances which prevent sound from coming out of a machine should go a
long way towards solving this problem. Such devices have been developed recently.
There is also paper-pollution on a large scale. Newspapers publish news and views in such a
distorted manner that the people are misguided : Such contradictory views are expressed that
the people fail to know the truth from falsehood. Political propaganda, false and distorted, on
a large scale in the interest of some political party, advertisements of harmful drugs etc., are
all examples of paper-pollution of public life and morality through newspapers, magazines,
journals, etc. This kind of pollution is closely related to moral pollution, the result of our
materialistic greed. Corruption is widespread in every walk of life. Bribes are fearlessly given
and accepted, and laws of the land are evaded in very clever ways. Character-assassination is
another form of this moral pollution.
Trees and plants turn carbon-di-oxide into oxygen but when they are cut down, the air is not
purified. Deforestation also causes soil erosion. The rich soil is either washed away by water
or blown away by the wind. So artificial fertilizers are used to maintain its productivity.
Polluted water is used for watering the plants and vegetables. In this way vegetables and crops
are polluted. The, wholesalers also pollute the food by adulteration. Pesticides are also a
source of pollution to our crops, vegetables, and fruits.
If the air and water continue to be polluted in this way, man will face greater and greater
health hazards. Air will not remain breathable and health will suffer. Man will suffer from
Page 112
various diseases. When water is polluted, food will also be polluted. This wide-spread and
increasing pollution must be checked. If it is not checked, man will not be able to live
healthily. The very existence of life on earth will be in danger.
There is also another and more serious form of pollution. It results from the excess of ChloroFlouro-Carbons in the atmosphere. This leads to the depletion of the ozone layer which acts
as a shield in the upper atmosphere to protect the earth from radiation. It is caused by the use
of certain chemicals in coolers and air-conditioners. The developed countries have already
evolved technology to replace the use of such chemicals. They must transfer this technical
know-how to developing countries like India and also bear the cost the poorer nations will
have to incur to introduce this new technology.
To check pollution, there should be balanced and planned industrialization. Urbanisation
should be well planned and diversified. Industrial waste should not be dumped on the earths
surface or in the rivers. It should be destroyed by the use of suitable chemicals. And if the
poisonous gases are there, they should also be treated with chemicals to remove their harmful
effects. A comprehensive programme of tree plantation should be taken in hand; deforestation
should be prohibited. Polluted water should not be used for irrigation. People should not
dump domestic waste on the streets. There should be some scientific way for its disposal. The
comprehensive plan for the purification of the Ganges is a step in the right direction.
Water-pollution resulted in the outbreak of cholera and gastroenteritis in a number of
colonies, causing suffering and death on a large scale. Water-pollution has assumed alarming
proportions and urgent steps are needed to control it.
Late Mrs Gandhis call for cooperative research, made in another context, is very prudent and
far-sighted, and her suggestion can profitably be applied to this field also.
Page 113
Sustainable Agricultural Practices : Blending with Spiritual Approach

Ram Krishna Shrivastava
Department of Chemical Sciences,
Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Bhopal, India, PIN-462042
talk2ramkrishna@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Agriculture not only plays a crucial role in ensuring food security but it has a
significant share of Indias Gross Domestic Product (GDP). According to Census 2011,
69.8% of the total workers and 85.6% of the total workers in rural areas are dependent on
agriculture for livelihood in the M.P. The overall population dependent on agriculture is about
69.8%. Growing population has exerted an immense pressure on land, farmers as well as
policy makers for more agriculture production to meet out the food demands of country.
Sugar, textiles, jute, food and milk processing like several industries depends on agricultural
production for their basic requirement of raw materials. On account of its close linkages with
other economic sectors, agricultural growth has a multiplier effect on the entire economy.
Shrinking of cultivated area as well as natural resources and increasing food demand
create a pressure for over production and thats the motive to leads farmer to use enormous
chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides in agricultural practices. Report of state
Govt. indicated steady increase per hectare use of fertilizer consumption from 63.44 kg per
hectare to 88.28 kg per hectare in past few years. Therefore, agricultural practices directly
involves the environmental impact to soil, water, air, animal and soil diversity, people, plants,
and pesticide residue in food stuff. Poor literacy rate and unawareness of farmers is one of the
reasons behind it. Another surprising fact about the increase in number of suicide cases of
farmers in past few years due to unhealthier agricultural practices of farmers which always
lead them to many diseases and short life span resulting as unbearable loss to family and
society.
In the present scenario, the majority of farmers are ignorant and innocently involved in
contemporary agricultural practices. They are also unaware about the impact of their practices
over environment, erroneous uses of pesticides and insecticides, their personal and
community health. During the course of the study, it was felt that intense needs to articulate a
spiritual response towards personal health, ecological crisis and environmental awareness in
Page 114
terms of the spiritual awakening related to their agricultural practices. This is followed by
certain strategies, practices, activities and particular models about the behaviour of individual
linked to the relationship with all aspects of themselves i.e. the physical, mental, emotional
and spiritual.
In the present study, the existing initiatives taken by the Government and other
agencies are critically analysed. With the implementation of spiritual approach and broaden
the spiritual focus to sustainable agriculture practices, farmers were surprised with their
assessment and agreed to reorganise their approach and improved farming practices . All such
initiated and propagated steps, related to spiritual awakening about the sustainable agricultural
practices were the essential part of the study. The findings of the study are based on the
outcomes of the activities implemented and promoted among the farmers. As a result, the
agriculture practices affect every ones life directly or indirectly, the sustainable agriculture
practices in the right manner to be needed for survival of everyone.
Key words : Spirituality, Spiritual Awakening, Pesticides, Fertilizers, Ecological crisis.
Page 115
Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon through Micro-Organisms from

Contaminants Site
Vanshika Shrivastava1 and Dr. Sushil Manderia2
1
Email:-shrivastavavanshika7773@gmail.com
Abstract
Hydrocarbons are the worlds most widely used primary energy and fuel resources.
Hydrocarbons contaminations released into the environment whether accidentally or due to
human activities are hazardous to abiotic components; they may be carcinogenic / mutagenic
in nature. Petroleum is one of the major culprits in the present environmental problems.
Petroleum contamination resulting from leaking above ground and underground storage tanks,
spillage during transport, abandoned manufactured gas sites and various industrial processes
are hazardous for environment .Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms allows
for the conversion of hazardous substrate into less or non-toxic substances. It is primary
mechanism in which petroleum and diesel products are removed from the environment
inexpensively. Microorganisms which degrade the various components of petroleum
hydrocarbon such as Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Naphthalene,
Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons i.e Toluene, or Aliphatic Hydrocarbons such as n-Alkanes can
be readily isolated from petroleum contaminants sites. Many bacterial and fungal strains are
capable of degrading the hydrocarbons .These are follows bacterial strains (Bacillus sp.
Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes sp., Flavobacterium sp., Achromobacter,
Micrococcus sp., Nocardia sp., and Cornybacteria sp.) and fungal strains (Penicillium sp.,
Fusarium sp., Candida sp.). Hydrocarbon degrading microbes from contaminated sites is
ecofriendly remedies which cure & remove the environmental pollution.
Keywords: Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Pollution, Hazardous Pollutants.
Page 116
Role of social forestry in urban development in special reference to Ujjain

Miss Akanksha Shrivastava1 and Dr. Harish Vyas2
1. Bhartiya College, Ujjain (India)
2. Department of Botany, Government Kalidas Girl's College, Ujjain (India)
E-mail: anka2076@yahoo.com
Abstract
Social forestry means the afforestation of all lands other than crop lands that are
available outside the forest areas. There are different types of social forestry like farm
forestry, urban forestry, extension forestry and agroforestry. The main purpose of urban
forestry is to bring trees to the door of the urban people. Its prime objective is beautification
of houses, roads and vacant lands as of urban areas. A major initiative has been taken in
Ujjain city during Simhastha -2016 for large scale development of social forestry. Social
forestry has played an important role in changing scenario of Ujjain city which is going to
host the Simhastha in April. This single step has immensely contributed towards enhancement
of the beauty of the city. Sites which shows remarkable changes due to social forestry in
Ujjain are Triveni, Dewas road, Mangalnath etc. This step has not only increased the aesthetic
beauty of the city but it has also provided employment to many people. It will also help in
biodiversity conservation, removal of atmospheric pollutants, oxygen generation, noise
reduction, microclimate regulation, stabilization of soil, groundwater recharge, prevention of
soil erosion and reducing carbon footprints.
Key words: Social forestry, biodiversity, carbon footprint, urban forestry, simhastha.
Page 117
Impact of Dairy Farming on Water Health in Pariyat Region of Jabalpur (M.P.)

Monika Pandey* and Arjun Shukla**
*Department of Zoology, Pt. S.N.S. Govt. P.G. College, Shahdol (M.P.)
**Department of Zoology, Govt. Model Science College, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Email: miss.monika.mishra@gmail.com
Abstract
Dairy farming practices also often lead, directly or indirectly, to serious ecological
degradation. Waste from large herds can create runoff that pollutes water. 90% of the total
dairy herd, buffaloes and cow numbers occur in Pariyat and about 98% of Sanchi at Jabalpur,
the milk production comes from just Pariyat dairies. Dairying affects the aqueous
environment in a number of ways. Increased inputs, or changes in the manner and timing of
their application, or in the way they are distributed the farm (dispersed or concentrated) may
overload the soils capacity to retain agrichemicals. The result may be the leakage of these
materials into the wider environment, either as surface or ground water pollutants. This
leakage may be aggravated by reductions in the permeability of the soil or its storage capacity
due to loss of organic matter and porosity, or because of reduction in hydrological inertia due
to farm drainage. It can be direct affected from grazing pressure as direct pollution from
faeces and urine, river bank and waterside erosion can lead to local sedimentation. Nitrate
contamination of water supplies is a most common and widespread problem due to the fact
that nitrates from fertilizers and manure can pollute groundwater via irrigation courses and
rainfall. Reports from numerous countries indicate that nitrates are some of the most common
chemical contaminants found in drinking water. The most immediate impacts of nitrogen
contamination, retreating grasses, loss of species and climate change. Surface water pollution
is also a problem in many areas, causing localised eutrophication and algal blooms. There is
no quantitative and qualitative data on the extent of dairyings contribution to the problem on
water health. An assessment of the aquatic bodies around dairies will inspire useful research
for the next generation of researchers and Scientists.
Keywords: Water health, Dairies, Pariyat, Nitrate, Organic matter, Contamination.
Page 118
The Declining Ground water Quality and Quantity, Reality or Faade a Pre and Post
Simhastha analysis.
Dr. Kalpana Virendra Singh, P.G. Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical
Chemistry,Govt. Madhav Science P.G.College Ujjain (M.P.)
E- mail: Singhkalpana297@gmail.com
Abstract
Civilizations have developed around Water all over the world. Water is the median for
development and plays vital role in socio-economic development. Nation's principal reserve
of fresh water is ground water, it is also the most preferred resource to meet various
requirements. More than 90% of rural and 50% of urban population is dependent on ground
water sources in M.P. Ground water is also major source of irrigation in Madhya Pradesh and
about 6,714,300 hectare of land is irrigated through ground water according to ground water
report submitted in 2013. As per the well census of 2013, there are around 4369672 ground
water abstraction structures with an estimated annual ground water draft of about 18 Billion
Cubic Meter and the number is still swelling. There are reports from all over the state about
drying up of a large number of dug wells/ bore wells in some areas due to declining ground
water levels and this has jeopardized irrigation, industrial and domestic needs in Madhya
Pradesh. Demands for safe drinking water are increasing and there are growing concerns
about the scientific chemical parameters of water. Water quality issues related to geogenic
contamination such as fluoride, anthropogenic contamination such as nitrate and inland
salinity are the matter of concern. Ujjain also had disturbed and varied rainy seasosn during
past decade. City saw a major decline in the green cover owing to the cropping up of housing
infrastructures and business endeavors. This year from April 22nd to June 21st Ujjain will
witness The Simhastha Mahaparva . This Simhastha Mahaparva will welcome 5crore pilgrims
across the Globe. Govt. has left no stone unturned, but are we really prepared in terms of
ground water ,the present paper will look into the scientific issues related to ground water
scenario of Ujjain in pre Simhastha and Post Simhastha clock.
Key Words: Ground Water, Geogenic contamination, anthropogenic contamination,

Simhastha
Page 119
Impact of Textiles and Clothing Industry on Environment: Approach towards EcoFriendly Textile
GUIDE NAME
Dr. D K SINGHAL
Prof. Commerce
GOVT KALIDAS GIRLS COLLEGE
TELIBARA UJJAIN (M.P.)
UJJAIN
EMAIL ADD. drdksinghal@yahoo.com
SCHOLAR NAME
DEEPA CHOURASIYA
RESEARCH SCHOLAR
(PHD) COMMERCE
VIKRAM UNIVERSITY
Abstract
It is well known that every customer product has an impact on the environment.
However an average consumer does not know which product has less or more impact than the
other one. Any product, which is made used or disposed of in a way that significantly reduces
the harm it would otherwise cause to the environment, could be considered as eco-friendly
product. Slowly, consumers in India are taking lead in prompting manufactueres to adopt
clean technologies to produce eco-friendly products.
The textile and clothing industry is a diverse one, as much in the raw materials it uses as the
techniques it employs. At each of the six stages typically required to make a garment, the
negative impacts on the environment are as numerous as they are varied. Spinning, weaving
and industrial manufacture undermine air quality. Dyeing and printing consume vast amount
of water and chemicals, and release numerous volatile agents into the atmosphere that are
particularly harmful to our health.
Several times a year in the worlds fashion capitals, willowy models in dazzling outfits sashay
down the catwalk to present the coming seasons trends. Each year a handful of designers set
the tone, say what is in and what is not. Chain stores and mass retailers then adapt their ideas
for the man and woman in the street. Fashion feeds a growing industry and ranks textile and
clothing as the world second biggest economic activity for intensity of trade. However , stiff
competition forces down costs while working conditions, more often than not in developing
countries, are far from ideal. The environment pays a heavy price too. To improve conditions
for workers and stem pollution, textile producers, manufacturers and distributors are
launching the first initiatives built around sustainable development who knowsm ecology may
be the next new trend.
From an environmental point of view, the clothes we wear and the textiles they are made from
can cause a great deal of damage.
Page 120
Sustainable forest management

Sisodiya K.P.S. and Namdev B.
S.S in Environment Management, Vikram University, Ujjain
E-mail:- krishnasisodiya31@gmail.com
Abstract
Forest play a vital role in maintain ecological balance, in regulating climate,
controlling water runoff, providing shelter and purifying air and in the socio-economic
development of the country. They produce valuable material, such as wood and paper pulp,
on which we all depend.
Sustainable Forest Management refers to the use and conservation of forests for the
benefit of the present and future generations. Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the
management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development.
Key words: Forest Management, Ecological balance, Socio-economic development.
Page 121
Effects of bioactive compounds in improving brain mitochondrial functions: Impact on

neurodegenerative diseases
Isha Solanki, M.S. Parihar
School of Studies in Zoology & Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, (M.P.)
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell survival and death. Dysfunction of
mitochondria leads to reduced ATP production, impaired calcium buffering, and increased
generation of reactive oxygen species. As dysfunctional mitochondria produces more reactive
oxygen species, a feed-forward loop is set up whereby reactive oxygen species mediated
oxidative damage to mitochondria favors more reactive oxygen species generation, resulting
in a vicious cycle of oxidative stress. Although various organs are affected by oxidative stress
but the brain is more vulnerable organ to oxidative stress. As brain have high content of easily
peroxidizable unsaturated fatty acids, high oxygen consumption rate, and relative paucity of
antioxidant enzymes compared with other organs thus it can the crucial target of reactive
oxygen species. However mitochondria is the major producer of reactive oxygen species thus
it have a central role in various age related neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinsons
disease (PD), Alzheimers disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and
Huntingtons disease (HD). Bioactive compounds especially flavonoids are palnt derived
natural substances that are found to exert neuroprotective actions thus could play a key role in
prevention of many neurodegenerative diseases. The bioactive compounds can be used to
target mitochondrial oxidative stress via targeting mitochondria so that they may prevent or
slow down the progression of these neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore this review
explains the preventive role of flavonoids in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases via
improving mitochondrial functions.
Page 122
Air Pollution in Rural Area

Megha Solanki ,Shikha Gosar ,Pooja Thakur, Mamta Sharma
Govt. Kalidas Girls College Ujjain
E-mail: Meghas1496@gmail.com
Abstract
At present time air pollution is the major problem for villagers, towns and cities. Air
pollution is the result of advancement and modernization because with increasing number of
vehicles on the road industries and use of fossil fuels slowly amount of air pollutants is
increasing in the atmosphere . It is affecting the health and working efficiency of human
beings as well as destroyed the ecosystem. It is major threat for the biodiversity and sensitive
species are decreasing in number. The ecosystem is facing the problem of Global warming,
Ozonolysis , Acid rain and Photochemical smog. The only solution to control the air
pollution is go green , use clean technology , use efficient machineries and development of
green belts. In the present paper we will discuss sources, effects and control of air pollution.
Our message is Save Trees and Save Earth
Keywords :- Ozonolysis , Green belt, Air pollution , Global warming.
Page 123
Green Roof Technology: A strategy for sustainable development

Dr. Dilip Soni, Dr, Indresh Mangal and Dr. Ajay Saxena
Govt. Madhav Science College, Ujjain (M.P.)
Abstract
Rapid development in cities has resulted in shortage of available space for trees and
plants. The construction of green roofs on the houses in the cities can help in decreasing
harmful effects of lack of vegetation in cities. It may also help in mitigating air pollution,
improving management of run-off water, improving public health and enhancing the aesthetic
value of the urban environment. It can also help in better regulation of building temperatures,
reduced urban heat-island effects, and increased urban wildlife habitat. In this paper the
potential of developing green roofs in Ujjain has been discussed.
Key words: Green roof, vegetation, urban heat islands, wildlife.
Page 124
Effect of Different Microbial Treatments on Germination, Seedling Growth and Other

Quality Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Azad Ahmad Wani* & Dr. Anurag Titov**
Department of Botany
Govt. Madhav Science PG College, Ujjain (M.P.) - 456010
Corresponding Author - wani.azad99@gmail.com
Abstract
The cultivated species Zea mays L. belongs to family poaceae (Graminae) which is
the fifth largest family consisting of 10,000 species and at least 600 genera, unquestionably
the most important family providing majority of food. In the present study, the experiment
pro-tray method was conducted at Krishi vigyan Kendra (KVK) Ujjain (M.P.) to find out the
possible effects of different microbial seed treatments includes Phosphorus solubilizing
bacteria (PSB), Trichoderma viride and Azatobacter on seed germination, seedling length,
vigour index and its contributing characters and subsequent seed quality parameters of maize.
These microbial inoculants were thoroughly mixed with compost @ 15g/Kg compost before
sowing. Results of the study showed that all treatments significantly enhanced seed
germination, seedling length, Seedling vigour, chlorophyll content and leaf area of maize. The
highest germination percentage (83.8%), Shoot length (25.8%), Root length (10.1%), total
seedling length (35.3cm), seedling dry weight (0.27mg), Seedling vigour index SV-I (3429
mg), Vigour index SV-II (26.3mg), Leaf area (16.35 cm2) and Chlorophyll content like Chl.
a, Chl. b and Total chl. (0.4948 mg/g, 0.4521 mg/g and 0.9466mg/g) and other parameters
were obtained in seeds treated with Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) followed by
Azatobacter and Trichoderma viride. Hence, the results suggested that seeds treated with
these microbial treatments can be considered as efficient alternative bio-fertilizers to promote
better seed quality in terms of germination percentage, shoot length, Root length, seedling
length, seedling dry weight, vigour index, leaf area and chlorophyll content.
Key words: Microbial Seed treatments - Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB),
Trichoderma viride, Azatobacter, germination percentage, Seedling length, vigour index, Leaf
area and chlorophyll content, PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria).
Page 125
Occurrence of Pseudomonas in Downstream of Chiller Dam, M.P., India

Kirti Tiwari (Dube)
Assistant Professor,
Department of Zoology, Govt. N.S.P. Science College, Indore, M.P., India.
Abstract
Pseudomonas is one of the leading cause of illness all around the world giving rise to
skin, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Aim of the present study is to detect the
presence of various Pseudomonas strains and to relate it with physico-chemical characteristics
and water quality of Chiller Dam Shajapur. Samples were collected from Downstream site of
Chiller Dam from November to January 2015. Two species of Pseudomonas were isolated
viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas angulliseptica by membrane filtration
technique and were identified by using different biochemical test. Physico-chemical
parameters like air and water temperature, DO, BOD and COD were analyzed. Total
Pseudomonas count ranged between 40-140x102CFU/100ml whereas P. aeruginosa ranged
between 30-90x102CFU/100ml and P. anguilliseptica ranged between 10-50x102CFU/100ml.
The pattern of Pseudomonas occurrence was found to be highest during summer due to high
organic pollution and reduced water volume and lowest during winter season due to high
water volume and decreased organic pollution load. Variation in Pseudomonas count is
observed due to change in physicochemical parameters like DO, BOD and COD which
influence survival, abundance and distribution of Pseudomonas in the downstream site of the
Dam. The population residing near the downstream site of dam is also reported to be at risk of
certain diseases, which can be minimized by reducing discharge of untreated waste sewage,
domestic waste and anthropogenic activities. Hence, water needs conventional treatment
including disinfection so that water of this site can be used for domestic purposes.
Keywords: Pseudomonas, Anthropogenic activities, Bacteria, water quality, water born
disease, Chiller dam
Page 126
The Study of Sewage treatment or domestic wastewater

Dr. Nitin Tiwari
Smt. Priyanka Tiwari
Faculty of Govt. MVM Ujjain
E-mail: Tiwari.tiit@gmail.com
Abstract
Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing
contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both run off (effluents) and domestic.
It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and
biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a
solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material
is often inadvertently contaminated with many toxic organic and inorganic compounds.
Sewage is created by residences, institutions, hospitals and commercial and
industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets,
baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas,
sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce.
The separation and draining of household waste into grey water and black
water is becoming more common in the developed world, with grey water being permitted to
be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes
some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore
includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include
storm water runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling storm water are known as combined
systems or combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and
thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The
variability in flow also leads to often larger than necessary, and subsequently more expensive,
treatment facilities. In addition, heavy storms that contribute more flows than the treatment
plant can handle may overwhelm the sewage treatment system. Causing a spill or overflow
(called a combined sewer overflow, or CSO, in the United States). It is preferable to have a
separate storm drain system for storm water in areas that are developed with sewer systems.
As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up
various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment. Heavy metals, organic
compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require storm water to
receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of
treatment processes used for storm water include sedimentation basins, wetlands, buried
concrete vaults with various kinds of filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids)
Keywords- Sewage treatment, wastewater, watering plants, contaminants
Page 127
Harmful effects of non-renewable sources of energy

Dr Seema Trivedi
Professor, Zoology, Govt. M.V.M. Ujjain
E-mail: drseematrivedi198@gmail.com
Abstract
Sustainable energy is involved with using energy generated from clean sources and
clean technologies. It also includes using the generated energy wisely and introducing energy
efficient technologies. Non-renewable energy sources are those which do not replenish
naturally and deplete the fossil fuel reserves which have deposited over many centuries. The
main nonrenewable sources are: coal, oil and natural gas unlike renewable sources like
wind, sun and water. There are harmful effects of these non-renewable sources. The burning
of these fossil fuels emits harmful green house gases into air. These gases, mainly carbon
dioxide, damage the ozone layer and can cause global warming. Acid rain is created when
sulfur and other chemicals are emitted into the atmosphere. These are corrosive in nature and
can result in damaging the aquatic ecosystem in lakes and rivers. Harmful ash which is one of
the by-products of thermal power plants is stored as solid waste and causes land pollution. A
major problem associated with the oil industry is that oil spills are very frequent and are
extremely dangerous to nearby aquatic life and ecosystems. The only way forward is adapting
alternative sources of energy, increasing the investment in these projects and thus increasing
the share of renewable sources in total electricity production.
Keywords: sustainable, fossils, pollution, ecosystem, renewable.
Page 128
Sustainable Agriculture
Dr. Jyoti Vaidya
Assistant Professor English
Govt. Madhav College Ujjain
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture is the study of relationships between organisms and their
environment. It is the production of food, fiber or other plants or animal products using
farming techniques that protects the environment, public health, human communities and
animal welfare. Sustainable farms produce crops and raise animals without relying on toxic
chemical synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified seeds or products that degrade
soil, water or other natural resources. By growing a variety of plants and using techniques
such as crop rotation, conservation tillage and pasture based live-stock husbandry. Sustainable
farms protect biodiversity and foster the development and maintenance of healthy eco system
by avoiding the use of hazardous pesticides. It also bolster local and regional economics
creating good jobs and building strong communities. It satisfies human food and fiber needs.
It sustains the economic viability of farm operations, enhances environmental quality and the
natural resource based upon which the agricultural economy depends. It enhances the quality
of life for farmer and society as a whole. It is the efficient production of safe, high quality
agricultural products, in a way it protects and improves the natural environment, social and
economic conditions of farmers, their employees and local communities and safeguards the
health and welfare of all farmed species.
Page 129
Sewage - Fish Culture

Dr Shubhangi Vaidya
Asstt. Professor (Zoology)
Govt. Madhav Science College, Ujjain (M.P.)
svaidya1961@hotmail.com
Abstract
Sewage is a rich nutrient resource, cheaply available around towns and cities. Sewage
is the liquid waste discharged from domestic and industrial sources within an area. Sewage
differs from sludge which consists of liquid wastes from kitchen and bathrooms, but excludes
faecal matter and urine. Sewage is harmful to fish and other organisms due to low oxygen
content, high CO2, ammonia and H2S. However, properly treated sewage can be used for fish
culture.
The use of sewage effluent for raising fish productivity was recognized much earlier in
countries like China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. However, in India this
potentiality of sewage was noticed much later. Rearing of fish in sewage fed ponds have
become very popular nowadays in West Bengal and other states like Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Bihar. Air breathing fishes like
Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossalis, Channa spp., Tilapia mossambicus and
Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) are the species considered for culture in sewage treated
ponds. There are several other fish Silver carp, catla, rohu, mrigala, common carp and scale
carp raised in sewage fed ponds,
Fish and other organisms can be successfully raised in wastewater fed systems. It can provide
an important source of food. The sewerage based fish culture provides employment to people
on full time basis. Sewage can be well-utilized for fertilizing paddies, fishponds and
horticulture crops. Waste recycling also helps in maintaining a clean environment. Thus,
there exists large scope for expansion of sewage fed fish culture in different pans of the
country.
Key words- Sewage, fish culture, sludge different fishes
Page 130
Genetics, Evolution and the Origin of species

R.C. Verma
School of Studies in Botany, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.)
Abstract
Darwin proposed the famous Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection in the Origin
of Species in 1859. Darwins argument was that natural selection emerges as a necessary
conclusion from two premises: (i) the assumption that hereditary variations useful to
organisms occur, and (ii) the observation that more individuals are produced than can possibly
survive. The most serious difficulty facing Darwins evolutionary theory was the lack of an
adequate theory of inheritance that would account for the preservation through the generations
of the variations on which natural selection was supposed to act. The missing link in Darwins
argument was provided by Mendelian genetics.
Synthetic Theory of Evolution, also known as the Modern Synthesis of Evolutionary Theory,
which embodies a complex array of biological knowledge centered around Darwins theory of
evolution by natural selection couched in genetic terms. The epithet synthetic primarily
alludes to the artful combination of Darwins natural selection with Mendelian genetics, but
also to the incorporation of relevant knowledge from biological disciplines.
The current Synthetic Theory has grown around that original synthesis. It is not just one
single hypothesis (or theory) with its corroborating evidence, but a multidisciplinary body of
knowledge bearing on biological evolution, an amalgam of well-established theories and
working hypotheses, together with the observations and experiments that support accepted
hypotheses (and falsify rejected ones), which jointly seek to explain the evolutionary process
and its outcomes. These hypotheses, observations, and experiments often originate in
disciplines such as genetics, embryology, zoology, botany, paleontology, and molecular
biology. Currently, it is simply known as the Theory of Evolution.
Various issues related to above mentioned aspects would be discussed.
Page 131
Impact of waste water irrigation; Hazards and prospects with special reference to
Indore City
Ranjana Verma
Department of Zoology
B.L.P. Govt. P.G. College, MHOW
ranjana_verma3@yahoo.com
Abstract
Water is one of the worlds most precious resources; it is the most essential
component of life and under constant burden due to climate change and resulting drought,
population explosion etc. Farming using waste water is in casual practice in India specially in
Indore city even after extensive awareness campaign. Irrigation through waste water may
cause bioaccumulation and bioremediation of toxins into our food chain by heavy metals,
pesticides and different harmful pathogens exposure. Water bodies are getting polluted due to
discharge of large amount of untreated sewage into them. There are many challenges in front
of waste water technologies like identification of more and more contaminants, population
explosion, industrial activity and diminishing availability of water resources. In present study
I approach towards health hazard due to sewage water irrigation and finding appropriate
methods of waste water treatment that are cost effective, environmental friendly and
advanced public health concern, convectional and recent technologies to out come from the
scarcity of water.
Key words: Water, Scarcity, Waste water, irrigation, Health hazards, Bioaccumulation,
treatment technologies
Page 132
Treatment of Acidic Wastewater from Steel Industry: Comparison of Biomass and

Algae Treatment
Dr. Sanjay Verma1, Dr. Ashok Sharma2 and Dr. Sarita Sharma3
1,2,3: Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ujjain Engineering
College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, 456 010
Corresponding Author
Dr. Sanjay Verma
e-mail: sanjaym61@rediffmail.com
Contact No.: 094248 50845
Abstract
Steel industries have a common process of finishing metals to improve and strengthen
steel, known as pickling process. The nature of effluent discharged by this process is ultra
acidic and it also contains heavy metals and toxic gases. If this effluent is not treated properly
and adequately, it can cause severe damage to flora and fauna and to other water bodies like
ponds, river, lakes etc. This effluent cannot be successfully and economically treated using
conventional physico-chemical methods. In order to remove toxicity and make it suitable for
living organisms this effluent required some microbial or algal treatment for further viability
of creatures. Two distinct secondary treatment methods viz.; biological using different
biomass (cow dung, chicken manure, pigeon drops, sewage etc.) and algal treatment are found
to be the best alternative methods for treating the steel industry effluent. In this study, both
methods are compared in terms of effectiveness and economy through comparison of
experimental data.
Using biomass and its organic ingredients is good idea, but the problems like everyday
collection of uniform biomass, dosing/addition of this into wastewater, after treatment filth
and handling and disposal of sludge formed in secured landfill makes this option less
attractive. All these make the treatment with biomass costly. While, Microalgae is derived
from organic ingredients of water. These species changes its properties with change of
effluent and shows adaptation in any effluent and water body. Microalgae do not require any
cultivation to grow it. Once it is dosed, it started growing automatically. Algae uses all
metallic and organic compounds for food preparations. The results shows that algal operation
is cheap, easy to handle and safe.
Key words: Physico-chemical methods, Algal treatment, Biomass, Effluent.
Page 133
Biotic Integrity and Diversity of Riverine Wetland using Fish Assemblage

Parul Gurjar, Kripal Singh Vishwakarma and Vipin Vyas
Department of Biosciences Barkatullah University Bhopal 462 026
Abstract
Healthy Riverine wetland plays a vital role in maintaining healthy streams and rivers.
Water levels in such wetlands can be highly variable. These Riverine wetlands contain water
seasonally or perennially or they may remain dry for longer period. High variation occurs in
the species they support due to the variability in Riverine wetland habitat. Species diversity of
biotic components particularly fishes vary according to the ecological conditions of the
wetlands. Detailed analysis of diversity and fish assemblage indicates the ecosystem health
and biotic integrity of the Riverine wetland systems.
The present paper deals with the fish diversity and assemblage of some Riverine wetlands of
Narmada rivers and attempts have been made to assess the biological integrity of these
Riverine wetlands using the fish assemblage and diversity.
Key words: Riverine wetlands, biotic integrity, Fish diversity, Fish assemblage.
Page 134
Wetland Conservation as Wetland bird habitats: Case studies of Bhoj and Barna
wetlands of Central India
Vipin Vyas, Satish Balapure and Hina Chaudhary
Department of Bioscience, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026
Abstract
One of the best known functions of wetlands is to provide a habitat for birds. Wetlands
are important bird habitats, and birds use them for breeding, nesting, and rearing young ones.
Birds also use wetlands as a source of drinking water and for feeding, resting, shelter, and
social interactions. (Stewart 2007)
Looking to the urgent need to conserve the wetlands as waterfowl habitats an international
treaty was signed which is called Ramsar Convention. The official name of the treaty, The
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat,
reflects the original emphasis upon the conservation and wise use of wetlands primarily as
habitat for waterbirds. Over the years, however, the Convention has broadened its scope of
implementation to cover all aspects of wetland conservation and wise use, recognizing
wetlands as ecosystems that are extremely important for biodiversity conservation and for the
well-being of human communities, thus fulfilling the full scope of the Convention text.
In central India, the Upper lake of Bhopal is designated as a Ramsar site and IBA status
concerning to its diverse avifauna. At present, a detailed study regarding avian diversity of
entire Upper lake is lacking. Considering the increasing population pressure leading to land
use changes in immediate catchment of Upper lake and affecting the lake ecology, such
monitoring is essential. The present work has been carried out from June 2010 to June 2012.
Monthly observations of birds were made with the aim to identify and enlist various species
of water birds of Upper lake. Total 68 species of water birds belonging to 14 families are
reported with Anatidae as the most dominating family with 16 species. Of these, 43 species
were migratory and 25 species were residents. Also, 11 important species in terms of their
conservation status are reported. Of these, eight species of Near Threatened status, two
species of Vulnerable status and one species of Endangered status are reported. The presence
of internationally important birds, migratory, local migratory and resident species of birds in
this area indicates the importance of Upper Lake as a year round habitat for water birds. The
increasing human population in the area is placing strain on this valuable inland freshwater
resource and the related avifauna and thus more conservation efforts are desperately needed.
Barna reservoir is an irrigation reservoir constructed in the Narmada valley of Central India
with a water spread area of 7700 ha at FRL receiving water from a huge catchment area of
about 1176 sq.km. The reservoir has been identified under National Wetland Conservation
Programme by Ministry of Environment and Forests (Govt. Of India). The reservoir supports
a rich biodiversity including fishes, birds and reptiles. The most positive aspect of the
reservoir is its catchment area which is predominantly forested and most of it is covered under
Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary notified under Wildlife Protection Act 1972 of Govt. of India.
Some migratory birds also visit the reservoir during winter season. In the present study 66
species of birds belonging to 17 families and 9 orders were recorded. The observation
indicates that the wetland support at least 13 migratory species of water birds. The paper
deals in detail the aquatic habitats available in the reservoir, their biological features (presence
of macrophytes and benthos) , habitat utilization patterns of birds and conservation aspects.
Page 135
Green Chemistry for Pollution Prevention

Dr. Meena Wadhwani
Principal, Advacne College of Science & Commerce, Ujjain (M.P.)
Email: meenak.dr@gmail.com
Abstract
Pollution prevention is the use of materials, processes, or practices that reduce
or eliminate the creation of pollutants or wastes at the source. It includes practices that
reduce the use of hazardous and nonhazardous materials, energy, water, or other
resources as well as those that protect natural resources through efficient use. It
encompasses all aspects and types of processes that reduce negative impacts to human
health and the environment and focuses on processes and products that reduce or
eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.
Green chemistry is the sustainable practice of chemical science and
manufacturing within a framework of industrial ecology in a manner that is
sustainable, safe, and non-polluting, consuming minimum amounts of energy and
material resources while producing virtually no wastes. Green chemistry is not a
solution to all environmental problems but the most fundamental approach to prevent
pollution to make this world a good place to live in. It involves the design of chemical
products and processes that are more environmentally benign.
Key words: Pollution prevention, Green chemistry, Environmentally benign.
Page 136
Screening of Plastic Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Waste Disposal Sites

Mohana Yadav and Dr. Sushil Manderia1
1
Email - yadavmohna29nov@gmail.com
Abstract
Plastic materials have found wide applications in every aspect of life and industries
but along with their uses, accumulation of plastics in the environment and due to recalcitrant
nature has been threat to human being as well as ecosystems. In this study, biodegradation of
polythene was demonstrated by our own laboratory isolates in Liquid culture medium. Four
Gram positive and one Gram negative polythene degrading bacteria were isolated and
identified as Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. and
Pseudomonas sp. respectively. Among them, Pseudomonas sp. was found to be the best
polythene degrading bacteria. Percent weight loss of polythene was determined with each
isolates separately and it was found to be 30% in case of Pseudomonas sp. followed by 28%
in Streptococcus sp., 26% in Bacillus sp., 24% in Micrococcus sp. and 22% in Staphylococcus
sp. as compared to control (0%) in medium over two month of incubation period at 37C.
Further study has been carried out to identify bacterial sp. having strong ability for the
degradation of plastics and in the bioremediation of pollutant contaminated sites.
Keywords: Biodegradation, Plastic, Polythene, Pollution, Environment and Microorganisms
Page 137
Audit- 1st step towards sustainability

Sarita Yadav and Avanindra Yadav
Panchvaktra Power Limited
Abstract
Energy, Environment or water audits provide us the information about wastage of
resource. For long term sustainability, it is must to conserve the resources. Especially fossil
fuels. These fossil fuels take millions of year to take shape while consumed at much faster
pace. The efficiency enhancement of various systems leads to resource conservation. All
dimension approach should be used for improvement of performance like
1. Reduction of consumption
2. Reduction of intensity of use
3. More efficient utilisation
4. Alternative resources.
5. Environment protection
For the growth of economy & society, more resources are required while our resources are
depleting continuously. Hence only solution is to reduce wastage & conserve more to cop up
our continuous rising demand. The audit leads to gap analysis with respect to standards and
best practices. We need to cater all our growing needs with lesser resources and lean systems.
The audit methodology includes following steps:
1. Preliminary survey
2. Data collection
3. Data interpretation & analysis
4. Gap identification
Bench marking
Page 138
Shale gas: The Game Changer as future energy resource of India

1. Ulka Yadav, 2. Neeta Jadhav
1. Prof.&Head of Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt. Girls P.G. College,
Ujjain (M.P.)
2. Research Scholar, Govt. P. G. Madhav science College, Ujjain
E-mail: ulka.yadav@gmail.com
Abstract
Shale gas is proving itself a Game Changer in the field of energy production. Shale
gas is natural gas formed from being trapped within shale formations. Shale gasan
unconventional source of methane, like coal-bed gas (in coal seams) and tight gas (trapped
in rock formations). It is Colorless, odorless, lighter than air. Around 32,500 trillion cubic ft
(tcf) of shale gas reserves have been identified globally. The commercial shale gas
exploration requires exhaustive investigations of all the shale rock properties of hydrocarbon
bearing shale beds having significant organic matter and maturity. According to oilfield
services provider Schlumberger, India has shale gas reserves of between 300 and 2,100
trillion cubic feet (tcf). Shale formations have been observed in the Damodar basin, Jharkhand
and West Bengal. Technological advancements on horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing
(hydro fracking) have made it possible to exploit these unconventional gas deposits.
Keywords: Shale gas, Game changer, Unconventional source of energy
Fracturing, future fuel.
Hydraulic
Page 139
Impact of global warming and changing climate on plant biodiversity

Sanjay Singh Baroniya, Pramod Palshya
Department of Botany, Govt. Science College Dewas, Dewas (M.P.), India
Department of Zoology, Govt. Science College Dewas, Dewas (M.P.), India.
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the changes in the global climate since, the trends in
these changes are printing towards a detrimental impact. The impact of global climate change
on biodiversity is not merely concern of a far-off future; it is happening and observable now,
in a variety of locations around the world including India. Most of us are already aware of the
recent world-wide decline in many animal and plant species Contributors to Climate Change
and Biodiversity and others document numerous instances of species response to global
climate change in the India and elsewhere, including changes in species distribution and
abundance, and life cycle shifts for all major groups of plants and animals. Present article
gives an idea about trends of changing climate and lists rare and endangered plant species of
malwa region (central India).
Page 140
Survey of Insect pests damaging Brassica and Solanum crops

Dr. Shailja Acharya, Asst. Professor (Zoology), Govt. New Science College, Dewas, Madhya
Pradesh, India. E-mail: shailjaacharya@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Insect pests are serious problem for agriculture crops, as they damage root,
stem, leaf, or fruit of vegetable crops. The present survey was based on different insect pests
and pest management practices of Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Solanum melongena
(brinjal) crops. The field study was conducted nearby Ujjain city, Madhya Pradesh, India.
During the study period the pests who damage Brassica crops were Diamondback moth:
Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera), Cabbage butterfly: Pieris brassicae (Pieriidae:
Lepidoptera) and Cabbage aphid: Brevicoryne brassicae (Aphididae: Homoptera). Whereas
insect pests who damage Solanum crops were Shoot and fruit borer: Leucinodes orbonalis
(Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera), Spotted leaf beetle or Hadda beetle: Henosepilachna
vigintioctopunctata (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) and Gall midges: Asphondylia cacapparis
(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). As soon as pest infestation appears, growers cut and destroy the
infested shoots or leaves mechanically. When more then 5-10 percent crops are infested, they
spray with the specific type of pesticides on affected part of crops.
Key words: agriculture crops, insect pests, management practices, pesticides.
Page 141
Environmental Development
Kamlesh Depale
Government Kalidas Girls College Ujjain (M.P.)
Abstract
Environmental Development as aspects of knowledge innovation mind.
More
Scinetist,More Professor, More Guest Faculty, More Faculty writes different layer of the
environmental studies. Environmental Development is as selection process of the candidate.
We should abroad knowledgeof the subject.
Environmental means a study of people around to us. Climate control saving our
environment through plantation of trees. 72% water on the planet earth and 28% Oxegen
saving our environment.
Human resources of environment development like sun reflective energy, solar
energy, soil erosion, plantation of trees, water conservation and Drainage system of water
develops the humanities of life. Physical structure ot the earth like environment or connected
with the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants live, connected with the
environment.
Keywords: Environmental Development
Page 142
Page 143
21oha lnh dk ladV&ty ladV

izks- deyk pkSgku
lgk-izk/;kid jkt-foKku
'kkl-dkfynkl dU;k egkfo|ky; mTtSu e-iz-
lkSje.My esa ,d i`Foh gh ,slk xzg gS tgk thou lEHko gS] vFkkZr~ i`Foh ij gh
thou dh vuqdwyrk ds fy, mfpr okrkoj.k gS vkSj bl ekuo thou dk lcls
egRoiw.kZ vkSj vk/kkjHkwr rRo gS ty] ftlds fcuk ekuo lfgr vU; lHkh thoksa dk
thou ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh ujd ds leku gSA i`Foh ds nks&frgkbZ Hkkx esa ty mifLFkr
gS vkSj bl lEiw.kZ ty esa 97 izfr'kr Hkkx ps&ps fgef'k[kjksa ij ty ds Bksl :i
cQZ dh 'kDy esa fo|eku gS] dsoy 3 izfr'kr ty dk iz;ksx ge ihus ds ikuh] flapkbZ]
vkS|ksfxd t:jrksa vkSj jkstejkZ dh vko';drkvksa ds fy, djrs gSa] c<+rh tula[;k ds
lkFk&lkFk nSfud vko';drkvksa ds fnuksfa nu c<+rs tkus ds ifj.kkeLo:i fLFkfr ;g gS
fd fo'o dh 60 djksM+ ls vf/kd dh vkcknh ty ladV dk lkeuk dj jgh gSA
i;kZoj.k fo'ks"kK Hkh ;gh ekurs gSa fd ty nqfu;k dk lcls ewY;oku lalk/ku gSA
fo'o ds {ks=Qy dk yxHkx 70 izfr'kr Hkkx ty ls ifjiw.kZ gSA ftlesa ihus ;ksX; ty
dk Hkkx flQZ 2 izfr'kr gSA ihus ;ksX; 2 izfr'kr ty esa ls ge ek= 1 izfr'kr ty
dk gh mi;ksx dj ikrs gSaA ;g lEiw.kZ ty fufnZ"V p esa pDdj yxkrk jgrk gSA
vkfFkZd fodkl] c<+rh tula[;k] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k] 'kgjhdj.k o gfjr kfUr ds dkj.k
ty ladV o ty iznw"k.k fujUrj c<+rk tk jgk gS] ftlls ;g ty p fod`r gks jgk
gS blh rF; dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, la;qDr jk"V us o"kZ 2003 dks vUrjkZ"Vh; LoPN ty
o"kZ ?kksf"kr fd;k vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj us 2007 dks ikuh o"kZ ds :i esa euk;k] ysfdu ;g
lc dsoy dkxth dk;Zokgh ek= gh gSA
vr% LoPN is;ty izca/ku 21oha lnh dh ,d xEHkhj o lkef;d pqukSrh
gSA la;qDr jk"V la?k ds oSf'od i;kZoj.k ifjn`'; izfrosnu ds vuqlkj vkt fo'o esa 1-1
vjc yksx LoPN is;ty ls oafpr gSa blh rF; dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, esycksuZ esa
vk;ksftr i;kZoj.kh; lEesyu ,uok;jks 2002 esa lHkh ns'kksa dks vkxkg fd;k x;k gS fd
Page 144
iwjh nqfu;k ds lkeus vxys 50 lkyksa esa 'kq) ty dh vkiwfrZ djuk cgqr cM+h pqukSrh
gksxhA la;qDr jk"V la?k ds [krjs dh ?k.Vh ds ladsr nsrs gq, psrkouh nh gS fd ;fn
fo'o esa leqfpr ty izc/a ku ugha fd;k x;k] rks ty ds fy, r`rh; fo'o ;q) ds fy,
rS;kj jfg,A
gekjs ns'k esa Hkh ty ladV us xEHkhj :i /kkj.k dj fy;k gS ty la dV dh
Hk;kogrk ds izfr lpsr djrs gq, okf'kaxVu fLFkr oYMZ okp baLVhV~;wV us Hkh dgk gS fd
Hkkjr esa 2020 ds ckn xEHkhj ty ladV iSnk gks ldrk gSA c<+rs ty ladV dh >yd
Hkkjr ersa rsth ls ?kVrs gq, izfr O;fDr ty dh vkSlr miyC/krk Li"V dj nsrh gSA
dsUnzh; ty lalk/ku ea=ky; ds vkdM+ksa ds eqrkfcd ns'k esa izfr O;fDr ikuh dh vkSlr
miyC/krk 1950 esa 5000 yhVj Fkh] tks ?kVdj 2007 esa 1756 yhVj gks xZ gS vkSj vk'kk
gS fd 2025 rd ;g 1000 yhVj@O;fDr gks tk,xhA gdhdr ;g gS fd ;g rF; [krjs
ds vkxeu ds ladsr gSa ftlds lek/kku ds fy, rRdky izHkkoh dne mBkus dh furkUr
vko';drk gS vU;Fkk ;g l eL;k Hkh"k.k :i /kkj.k dj ds gekjs gkFk ls ckgj gks
tk,xhrc ge flQZ gkFk eysx
a s vkSj dqN ugha dj ik,axsA vr% vko';drk gS fd bl
va/kdkj ls ckgj fudy dj nwjxkeh lksp fodflr djsa vU;Fkk ifj.kke dqN vkSj gh
gksx
a sA
Page 145
^^v{k; mtkZ esa mHkjrk e-iz-^^

Ekk[kuyky /kkuqd

e-iz- us v{k; mtkZ ds fodkl dks ,d pqukSrh rFkk ladYi ds :Ik esa
viuh izkFkfedrk esa j[kk gSA ftldk ifj.kke fufpr gh fo|qr mRiknu dh LFkkiuk
{kerk esa o`f) gqbZ gSA rFkk izns k vkt fo|qr mtkZ ds {ks= esa vkRe fuHkZjrk dh vksj
vxzlj gSA
Hkkjr nsk gh ugha lkjs foo esa mtkZ ladV ds lek/kku] nh?kZdkyhu thou
ds fy, csgrj Ik;kZoj.k] bldss fy, xSj ikjEifjd mtkZ L=ksrksa ds mi;ksx rFkk nksgu
dk egRo fujarj c<+ jgk gSA izns k esa fxzM la;ksftr v{k; mtkZ xzhu mtkZ vk/kkfjr]
fo|aqr mRiknu ds fy, y|q ty mtkZ] iou mtkZ] lkSj mtkZ ij vk/kkfjr fo|qr
mRiknu ifj;kstuk ds f;kUo;u ds fy, dbZ iz;kl fd;s x;s ftuesa nsk dh lcls
cM+h lkSj mtkZ ifj;kstuk l;a= uhep es]a foo dk lcls cM+k lksyj IykaV jhok ftys esa
LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gSA rFkk v{k; mtkZ kki iznsk ds lHkh fodkl[k.M esa LFkkfir
djus ls v{k; mtkZ dks c<+kok feysxkA rFkk lksyj pj.kksa ls xzkeh.k jkstxkj dks c<+kok
feysxkA
vkt ds bl izfr;ksxh ;qx esa tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa rkieku esa c<+ksrjh dks
fu;af=r djus ds fy, v{k; mtkZ dh mi;ksfxrk ij foks"k cy nsuk gksxkA blesa e-izvxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gS ftlls Ik;kZoj.k nh?kZdkyhu thou ds fy, ;g csgrj gksxkA
dfBu kCn & xSj ikjEifjd mtkZ L=ksr] v{k; mtkZ] lkSj mtkZ] lksyj pj[kk]
v{k; mtkZ kki
Page 146
**ekuo&thou esa ouksa dh mi;ksfxrk**

MkW- vkHkk nhf{kr
lgk-izk/;kid&vFkZkkL=
'kk- dU;k LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky;] mTtSu e-iz-
'kks/k lkjkak
izd`fr ekuo ij vR;ar mnkj jgh gSA i`Foh ij vius mn~Hko ds ckn ls gh
ekuo vius vfLrRo ds fy, izd`fr ij fuHkZj jgk gSA vkfn&ekuo xqQkvksa eas vkSj isM+ks
ds uhps jgrk gS ml le; mldh vko;drk Hkkstu Fkh ftldh iwfrZ izd`fr esa ekStwn
HkksT; ikS/kksa vkSj tkuojksa ls gks tkrh FkhA ekuo us izkd`frd migkjksa dks vf/kd mi;ksxh
vkSj ewY;oku #i esa ifjofrZr djus dh dyk lh[k yh rks izd`fr ds migkj mlds
lalk/ku cu x,A ou oLrqr% o`{kks]a >kfM;ksa] yrkvksa ,oa vU;ksU; ikniksa ds lkFk tUrqvks]a
e`nk] voe`nk] ok;qe.My ,oa ty ds ikjLijhd lEca/kksa dk vfr tfVy ikfjfLFkfrd ra=
gSA ou 'kCn ds fofHkUu vFkZ gSA ouksa ds vUrxZr lHkh izdkj ds taxy ds {ks= vkrs gSa]
tSls & izkd`frd] d`f=e #i ls lqjf{kr ,oa vlqjf{kr ouA ouksa dk lnk gh ls ekuo
thou esa egRo jgk gSA vkfn; ekuo rks viuh yxHkx lHkh vk/kkjHkwr vko;drkvksa
tSls & Hkkstu] diM+k vkSj vkokl ds fy, ouksa ij gh iw.kZr;k fuHkZj jgrk FkkA ou
fdlh Hkh nsk dh fuf/k gksrs gSA dk"B fuekZ.k taxyksa dk loZ izeq[k dk;Z gSA vkt ek=
dk"B ls gh lSdM+ks m|ksx&/kU/ks lapkfyr gSaA ftuls vla[; izdkj dh ekuo mi;ksxh
oLrq,a fufeZr dh tkrh gSA ;wW dgsa gesa ouksa ls gh mi;ksxh rFkk izfrfnu O;ogkj dh
vusdkusd oLrq,a izkIr gksrh gSA ftuesa bekjrh ydM+h] tyk ydM+h] ydM+h dk
dks;yk] Iyk;owM] ckal] csr] yqxnh] vusd [kk| Qy] Qqy vkSj ifRr;ka] ikqvksa ds fy,
pkjk] vusd vkS"kf/k;ka] vusd izdkj ds xkasn] jcj] rkjihu dk rsy] jsksnkj inkFkZ] dRFkk]
lqikjh Vsfuu vkfnA lalkj dh izkphure iqLrdsa _Xosn esa ouksa dks leLr lq[kksa dk
L=ksr ekuk x;k gSA vk;qosZn esa fy[kk gS & fd ftl ?kj esa rqylh dk ikS/kk ckj&ckj
eqj>k vFkok u yxs ogka dk i;kZoj.k iznqf"kr gksrk gSA lkFk gh izR;sd ouLifr dh
vkS"kf/k dh rjg ewY;oku ,oa egRoiw.kZ ekuk x;k gSA orZeku esa i;kZoj.k&fon Hkh
Lohdkj djrs gS fd ,d o`{k ls rhu yk[k thoksa dk iks"k.k gksrk gSA o`gnkj.; mifu"kn
esa i`Foh dks ekW rFkk ekuo dks mldk fkkq dgk x;k gS] rks o`{k dks eka ds iks"k.k/kkjh
Lruksa dh rjg tks leLr tUrqvksa rFkk ekuo fkkq dks Hkkstu] ikuh] oL=] tkZ vkSj
"ek fu%kqYd nsrs gSA budh leqfpr O;oLFkk o iz;ksx ls ihf<+;ksa rd iz;qDr gksus ij
Hkh dHkh u lekIr gksus okyh lEink blesa lekfgr gSA
Page 147
**ty gh thou gS**

MkW- vfuy nhf{kr
lgk-izk/;kid&jktuhfr foKku
'kk- dkfynkl dU;k egkfo|ky;] mTtSu e-iz-
'kks/k lkjkak
** ty gh thou gS** ;g Lyksxu lfn;ksa ls lqurs pys vk jgs gSA ysfdu
bldh egRr ij T;knk cy fn;k tk jgk gSA ty okLro esa ,d vewY; lalk/ku gSA
;g og uSlfxZd is; gS ftlds fcuk thou lEHko ughaA ekuo bfrgkl Hkh ty dh
izkfIr ,oa vizkfIr ls tqM+k gSA foo dh vusd ,frgkfld ?kVuk,a tyh; fookn dks
ysdj ?kVh gSaA vkt Hkh unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk,a jk"Vh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vh; fooknksa dks ysdj
[kM+h gks jgh gSA ty mi;ksfxrk u dsoy ekuo thou esa gS] cfYd lEiw.kZ okrkoj.k
ty ds pkjksa vksj dsfUnzr gSaA okLro esa i`Foh ij thou ty dh mifLFkfr ls gh lEHko
gqvk gSA i`Foh ij ty O;kid #i ls lHkh Lfkkuksa ij ik;k tkrk gSA 70 izfrkr ls
vf/kd HkwHkkx leqnz ds #i esa ty ls f?kjk gS] Hkwfe i unh] >hy] rkykc ,oa vU;
tykk; ds #i esa ty fo|eku gSA ioZr dh pksfV;ksa ,oa /zkoksa ij cQZ ds #i esa ,oa
ok;q esa ckny ,oa ok"i ds #i esa ty O;kIr gSA
iqjk.kksa esa ufn;ksa dks ftl rjg ls lEeku fn;k x;k gS og gesa vglkl
djkus ds fy, dkQh gS fd gekjs thou esa ikuh dk fdruk egRo gS \ ij vkt ge
ikuh dk egRo Hkwyrs tk jgs gSA ;fn ge bl ckr ij lkspsa fd vxj nqfu;ka esa ikuh
ugha gks rks D;k gksxk \ D;k ikuh ds fcuk gekjh nqfu;ka vfLrRo esa jgsxh \ vke rkSj
ij ge ,sls lokyksa dks vulquk dj nsrs gS ysfdu eu gh eu ;g Mj lrk jgk gS fd
og fnu nwj ugha] tc lp esa gekjs fy, ikuh gksxkA ikuh ds nq#i;ksx vkSj mls ugha
lgstus ds dkj.k vkt fLFkfr ;g gks xbZ gS fd ufn;ka lw[k jgh gS] >hys ,oa rkykc
lw[k jgs gSa ;k fQj [kRe gks x, gSA ikuh dh =klnh dks ns[krs gq, ;g dgka tkus yxk
gS fd vxyk foo ;q) ty ds fy, gh gksxkA foo cSad dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr
esa vxys nks nkd ds ckn ikuh dks ysdj =kfg&=kfg epus okyh gSA vkt ge ikuh ds
egRo dks Hkwy jgs gSaA ikuh] tks gekjs fy, thou gSA
Page 148

, ,
, , , ,
, ,
:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Page 149
ok;q iznq"k.k dk c<+rk izHkko

MkW-a jpuk tSu
fgUnh foHkkx] mTtSue-iz-
e-& 8989503149
ekuo /kjkry dh loksZRre jpuk gS ftlus izd`fr ds jgL;ksa dks tkuus esa izkphu le; ls gh
lQyrk izkIr dh gSA ekuo dh lHkh f;k,a rFkk vk/kkjHkwr vko;drkvksa dk lh/kk lEcU/k bl l`f"V
ds Ik;kZoj.k ls gSA vr% i;kZoj.k ls vyx gVdj thoksa ds thou dh dYiuk ugha dh tk ldrhA
izd`fr o euq"; dk lEcU/k fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk lekUrj pyk vk jgk gSA
vkt orZeku esa blh izd`fr ds Ik;kZoj.k esa izn"w k.k uke dk tgj ?kqyrk gh tk jgk gS tks fd
fofHkUu L=ksrksa vkSj izdkjksa ds :Ik esa vkt oSfod leL;k cudj gekjs le{k vk [kM+s gSa ;s izn"w k.k
/ofu] ty] e`nk vkSj ok;q vkfn gSaA
izn"w k.k dk lkekU; vFkZ gksrk gS gekjs vkl&ikl ds okrkokj.k pkjksa vksj dks fdlh u fdlh
:Ik esa izkd`frd vkSj vizkd`frd dkj.kksa rFkk ekuoh; vkfn L=ksrksa ls nwf"kr djuk gSA iznw"k.k 'kCn
vkt dk ugha izkphu le; ls pyk vk jgk gSA tc O;fDr [kkukcnksk gqvk djrk Fkk rc og vius
[kkus dh [kkst esa txg&txg HkVdrk Fkk fQj mlus vfXu dk vkfo"dkj dj [kkuk cukuk izkjEHk
fd;k ftlds lkFk gh mlus okrkoj.k dks nwf"kr djuk vkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA
izn"w k.k 'kCn us vkt bruk O;kid :i ys fy;k gS fd ftlds vUrxZr izfrfnu O;fDr;ksa }kjk
fd;s tkus okys dk;ksZa ls gksus okys iznw"k.k o vkS|ksfxd vkSj ;q) vkfn d`f=e dkj.kksa ls gksus okys
izn"w k.k Hkh 'kkfey gksrs gSA nSfud dk;ksZ ls ysdj cM+s&cMs+ dk;ksZ esa geus vius okrkoj.k dks cgqr
nwf"kr dj fn;k gS ftl ij /;ku nsuk cgqr gh vko;d gks pqdk gSA bUgh izn"w k.kksa esa ,d eq[;
izdkj dk iznw"k.k ôk;q&izn"w k.k^ Hkh gSaA
izkjEHk esa euq"; dk fnekx bruk fodflr ugha gqvk djrk Fkk rc Hkh ekuo us vutkus esa
,sls dk;Z djuk 'kq: dj fn;s ftlls izn"w k.k vkjEHk gqvkA tSls & taxyks dh dVkbZ] vfXu dk
mi;ksx] ufn;ksa o vU; ty L=ksrksa dk nwji;ksx vFkkZr tc ekuo dk fnekx iw.kZr% fodflr ugha
gqvk Fkk rc ls izn"w k.k pyk vk jgk gSA ijUrq cnyrs le; ds lkFk tSls&tSls euq"; ds fnekx dk
fodkl gksrk x;k oSls&oSls oLrq dk mi;ksx vkSj vko;drk,a cnyrh pyh xbZA izkd`frd lalk/kuksa
dk nwji;ksx djuk izkjEHk dj fn;k ;gh ,d dkj.k ok;q iznw"k.k cudj vkt gekjs lkeus leL;k ds
:Ik esa [kM+k gSA
loZfofnr gS fd ôk;q^ gekjh ftUnxh dk vR;ar vko;d rRo gS ftls euq"; dh izk.kok;q
dgk tkrk gSA ok;q ds egRo dk vuqeku blh ckr ls yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd euq"; Hkkstu ds fcuk
dqN lIrkg rd] ty ds fcuk dqN fnuksa rd thfor jg ldrk gS fdUrq ok;q ds fcuk mldk thfor
jguk dqN {k.k ds fy, Hkh vlEHko gSA ok;q euq"; ds fy, gh ugha cfYd izR;sd thoksa ds fy, Hkh
vR;ar vko;d gSA
ok;q iznw"k.k dks Li"V :Ik ls ifjHkkf"kr djuk dfBu dk;Z gSA ok;q dqN xSlksa o ueh dk
feJ.k gksrk gS ftlesa dqN vf; inkFkZ Hkh mifLFkr gksrs gSaA vkt ge foo ds fdlh Hkh fgLls esa
'kq+) ok;q izkIr djuk pkgs rks og ,d dfBu dk;Z gS blhfy, tc ge lkal ysrs gSa rks vkWDlhtu ds
:Ik esa ok;q ds lkFk dqN vU; xSls vkSj lw{e d.k gekjs 'olu ra= esa izosk dj LokLF; dks gkfu
igqapkrs gSaA
Page 150
,sfrgkfld :Ik ls ok;q dk izn"w k.k vfXu ds vfo"dkj ds lkFk gh 'kq: gks x;k FkkA blds
ckn yksgs vkSj dks;ys ds mi;ksx esa yxkrkj o`f) gksrh jgh gS fQj 18oha 'krkCnh esa ok"Ik batu ds
vkfo"dkj ds lkFk vkSj vkS|ksfxd kfUr o u;s oSKkfud ;qx dk izkjEHk gqvkA bl nkSjku eksVj
okguksa] dydkj[kkuksa vkfn esa Hkh o`f) gqbZA orZeku esa foo LokLF; laxBuMCY;w+-,p-vks- ds vuqlkj
ok;q iznw"k.k ,d ,slh fLFkfr gS] ftlds vUrxZr ckgjh okrkoj.k esa euq"; rFkk mlds Ik;kZoj.k dks
gkfu igqpkus okys rRo l?ku :Ik ls ,df=r gks tkrs gSA
ok;q iznw"k.k ds dkj.k %&
1- fodklkhy ,oa fodflr jk"Vkas esa d`f"k Qlyksa dh lqj{kk gsrq fNM+ds tkus okys jlk;u tgkW
,d vksj d`f"k Qlyksa dh j{kk djrs gS ogha nwljh vksj ok;q esa feydj ok;q izn"w k.k Hkh mRiUu
djrs gSaA
2- ijek.kq ceksa ds foLQksV ls gksus okyk ok;q iznw"k.k lokZf/kd gkfudkjd ekuk tkrk gSA bu
foLQksVks esa Hk;adj ,oa foukkdkjh jsfM;ks/kehZ d.k mRiUu gksrs gSa tks ok;q dks iznwf"kr djrs
gSaA
3- orZeku ls ftl rhoz xfr ls dVkbZ gks jgh gS okrkoj.k esa dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM dh ek=k esa
o`f) gks jgh gSA D;ksafd o`{k ftruh dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM jk=h esa NksM+rs gS mlls dbZ vf/kd
os fnu esa vokksf"kr dj ysrs gSaA
vkfn dkj.kksa ls ok;q ,d vfHkkki ds :Ik esa vR;Ur iznfw "kr gks x;h gSA ,slh fo"ke ifjfLFkfr
esa lekt dks mlds drZO; RkFkk nkf;Ro dk ,glkl gksuk vfrvko;d gSA bl gsrq fk{kk ds ek/;e
ls Ik;kZoj.k dh tkudkjh o vU; Ik;kZoj.k lEcU/kh tkx:drk dk;Ze ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk
ldrk gSA fuEu mi;ksa ls ok;q izn"w k.k dks fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ok;q iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik; %&
1- vkS|ksfxd dkj[kkuksa dh fpefu;ksa dh apkbZ vf/kd gksA
2- ?kjksa esa lkSyj dwdj dk mi;ksx gksA
3- izn"w k.k mRiUUk djus okys vkS|ksfxd la;U=ksa dks vkcknh {ks= ls nwj LFkkfir djds ok;q iznw"k.k
ds izHkkoksa dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
4- iqjkus okgu ds lapkyu dk izfrca/k yxk;k tk, rFkk le;≤ eksVj okguksa dh tkp dh
tk, D;ksafd muls ok;q izn"w k.k vf/kd gksrk gSA
5- ijEijkxr baZ/ku ydM+h] dks;yk] xkscj vkfn dk iz;ksx lekIr djuk vko;d gSA bl gsrq
/kqavk jghr pwYgksa ls dke ysuk pkfg,] vf/kd ls vf/kd o`{kkjksi.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
c<+rs iznw"k.k dks vxj ugha jksdk x;k rks ge vius okrkoj.k ds lkFk Hkfo"; dks Hkh vU/kdkj
esa Mwcksa ldrs gSaA vr% gesa ;g ladYi ysuk gksxk fd Ik;kZoj.k dh j{kk] nwfu;k dh lqj{kkA
lanZ xzaFk lwph &
1 Ik;kZoj.kh; v/;;u& deyk izlkn
2 www.hindiindiawaterportal.org
3 www.hindisahitya.org
Page 151
ty laj{k.k ltxrk ds mik;

MkW- tSu
'kkldh;
MkW- eksgEen 'kkfdj eUlwjh k/;kid
egkfo|ky;] mTtSu
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
ty ,slk kfrd lalk/ku gS ftl ij euq"; gh ugha cfYd iwjh ouLifr rFkk thou&txr
fuHkZj gSA ;g i;kZoj.k dk thounk;h rRo gSA orZeku esa ;fn ge ty laj{k.k ltxrk dh ckr ugha
djsa rks ;g gekjh lcls cM+h Hkwy gksxh] D;ksafd ty ugha gS rks dqN Hkh ugha gSA ge lHkh ty
laj{k.k ltxrk ds mik; <+<+sa vkSj ty laj{k.k lEcU/kh leL;k dk gy fudky dj iwjs ekuo thou
ds lkFk iwjs thou&txr ds fy, i;kZIr ek=k esa ty miyC/k djok ldsA
;|fi ty kfrd :i ls miyC/k gS vkSj fr esa tyh; p dk e pyrk jgrk gS]
ysfdu tula[;k o`f) ,oa fodkl dk;Z ds dkj.k ty lEcU/kh leL;k vkrh gSA ty laj{k.k
tkx:rk ds fy, fuEufyf[kr mik;ksa dks viukuk pkfg,A
lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh }kjk ty lEcU/kh leL;k dks gy fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~ R;sd
ifjokj rFkk R;sd leqnk; vius oS;fDrd ty fu;kstu ds }kjk viuh t:jrsa iwjh djsA
ljdkj }kjk fd;s tks jgs ty laj{k.k mik;ksa dks R;sd ifjokj dh Hkkxhnkjh Hkh mruh
egRoiw.kZ gS ftruh ljdkj dhA
nwjn'kZu] vkdk'kok.kh] n'kZuh] iksLVj] gksfM+Zx] lekpkj&i=ksa] fQYe n'kZu] ukVd] jSyh
vkfn ds ek/;e ls tulkekU; esa ty laj{k.k ds fr tkx:drk yk;h tk ldrh gSA
fofHkUu Lrjksa ij ty laj{k.k lEcU/kh laxks"Bh] lsfeukj rFkk dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu dj
ty laj{k.k lEcU/kh mik; fudkydj tulkekU; dks tkx:d fd;k tk ldrk gSA
f'k{kk ds R;sd Lrj ij ty laj{k.k v/;;u dk ikB~;e esa lekos'k dj fd;k tk ldrk
gSA ftlls R;sd fo|kFkhZ ty laj{k.k ds fr tkx:d cu ldsA
tulkekU; ds fy;s ljdkj dk ;g nkf;Ro cu tkrk gS fd og ty laj{k.k ds fy, foRrh;
lgk;rk ds fy;s vkxs vk, vFkkZr~ ljdkjh foRrh; lg;ksx R;sd O;fDr vkSj leqnk; ds
fy, ty laj{k.k ds fy;s nh tkuh pkfg,A
Hkkjrh; lekt dks ns[krs gq, fofHkUu Lrjksa tSls & xzke Lrj] eksgYyk Lrj] uxjikfydk
Lrj] jkT; ljdkj Lrj] dsUnz ljdkj Lrj rFkk miHkksDrk Lrj vkfn Lrjksa ij ty laj{k.k
ds fy, lg;ksxh laLFkkxr <kaPkksa dk fuekZ.k djuk pkfg,A
fofHkUu /keZ ,oa lEnk; ds vuq;kf;;ksa dh vius /keZ xq:vksa esa J)k dks ns[krs gq, R;sd
/keZ xq: rFkk mins'kd ds ek/;e ls ty laj{k.k ds fr tulkekU; dks tkx:d cuk;k tk
ldrk gSA
ifjokj ds cqtqxZ lnL; tSls nknk&nknh] ukuk&ukuh] dkdk&dkdh vkfn cPpksa dks ty
laj{k.k ds fdLls] dgkfu;k rFkk vPNh ckrsa lqukdj cPpksa dks ty laj{k.k laLdkj ns ldrs
gSaA
Page 152
Hkwfe voHkze.k
(Cause of Land Degradation)
pkanuh tk;loky
'kks/kkFkhZ
chandni25jaiswal@gmail.com
lkj
Hkwfe voHkze.k dk vFkZ gS fd izkd`frd ,oa ekuoh; dkjdksa ds }kjk Hkwfe esa yk;s x;s ifjorZu ftlls
fd Hkwfe dh mi;ksfxrk /khjs&/khjs de gksrh tkrh gSA Hkwfe voHkze.k ds eq[; dkj.k fuEu gS &
vR;f/kd rkieku] gok] rzho o"kkZ] Hkwdai] Hkw&{kj.k] ou&fouk'k] lM+dks ds fuekZ.k] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k]
cka/kks ds fuekZ.k] vfu;af=r i'kqpkj.k ,oa tula[;k esa o`f)A Hkwfe voHkze.k ls Hkwfe ds cpko gsrq fuEu
mik; gS & o`{kkjksi.k] tyizokg izca/ku] pkjkxkg fodflr djuk] mfpr flapkbZ] lj Hkwfe esa ,oa
dkal Hkwfe {ks=ksa esa xgjh tqrkbZ dj Hkwfe {kerk esa o`f) dh tk ldrh gSA izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk
foosdiw.kZ mfpr #i ls mi;ksx djds euq"; LoLFk] lqn`<+ thou'kSyh dks izkIr dj ldrk gS] ftlls
ekuo lekt dk orZeku ,oa Hkfo"; lqjf{kr jgsAa
eq[; 'kCn %& Hkw&{kj.k] oufouk'k] o`{kkjksi.k] izca/ku] Hkwfe voHkze.kA
Page 153
Ekkyoh yksd psruk vkSj Ik;kZoj.k

MkW- oUnuk tSu
Jherh dknfEcuh tkskh
foHkkxk/;{k fgUnh foHkkx
kks/k Nk=k fgUnh v/;;u kkyk
kk- dkfynkl dU;k egkfo|ky; mTtSu
foe foofo|ky; mTtSu

lkjkak
ekyok dk tu&ekul i;kZoj.kh; psruk ds izrhd o`{kksa dh iwtk djrk gSA bls /keZ ds
vUrZxr fy;k x;k gSA iwjs okZ o`{k iwtk ls lEcf/kr fofHkUu ozr] ioZ] R;kSgkj gksrs gSA o``{k yxkuk
vkSj c<+kuk ;gk iwtk Hkko ekuk tkrk gSA o`{k yxkus dh ijEijk vkSj efgek Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh
igpku gSA
ekyoh yksd laLd`fr ;gk ds tu&ekul dks thou dk vk/kkj ns jgh gSA ozr] ioZ] mRlo
vkfn esa ekyoh eu ijevkuUn esa Mwck gqvk utj vkrk gSA ;gk ds [kku&iku] Jàxkj]
jhfr&fjokt]o`{k lEink vkfn ls ekyok dh [kkl igpku cuh gqbZ gSA
ekyok esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vla[; isM+] ikS/ks rFkk yrkSkf/k;k izkIr gksrh gSA cMs o`{kks esa oV]
ihiy] uhe] beyh] lsey] dchV] vke] egqvk vkfn izkIr gksrs gS] tks Ik;kZoj.k dks kq) djrs gS] lkFk
gh /kkfeZd vkLFkk ls tqMs+ bu o`{kksa dh ns[k&js[k] mudh] mit] vkfn ij foksk /;ku fn;k tkrk gSA
o`{kksa dh j{kk djuk gekjk dkZO; gS] D;ksafd izkd`frd kksHkk dk v{k; Hk.Mkj ouksa dk ekuo thou ls
vVwV lEc/k gSA vkfne ;qx esa ekuo dks laj{k.k vkSj Hkj.k&iksk.k nsus okys ;s ou vk/kqfud ;qx esa
Hkh ekuo ds lkFkh jgs gSA Ik;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk vkSj mfpr lUrqyu ds fy, gesa tkx:d vkSj lpsr
jguk pkfg,A ekuo izd`fr dk vax gSA o`{k /kjrh dh kksHkk gSA ;s euq; thou esa lq[k&le`f) ykrs
gSA ekyok ds tu&ekul us bl ckr dks le>k vkSj tkuk gS] blfy, og vius yksd O;ogkj esa
Ik;kZoj.k dh j{kk djus okys bu o`{kksa dks yxkus dk egRo crkrs gSA
xhrksa ds ek/;e ls gekjs yksd us Ik;kZoj.k laj{k.k dk minsk fn;k gSA bZoj us izd`fr dh
xksn esa f[kyus okys Qwy] lqUnj yrk,] gjs&Hkjs o`{k rFkk pgpgkrs i{kh vkfn lHkh dk gesa ojnku
fn;k gS gekjk yksd&lkfgR; izd`fr ds bl ojnku dh j{kk djuk gesa fl[kkrk gSA ikSjkf.kd ekU;rk
ds vuqlkj vius thou es ia kWp o`{k yxkus okys euq; dks LoxZ esa LFkku feyrk gSA
LoLFk thou ds fy, izR;ssd O;fDRk dks o`{kksa ds vkjksi.k vkSj ou lEink ds laoj{k.k dk ozr
ysuk pkfg,A viuh&viuh :fp ds vuqlkj vius fiz; ikS/ks dk jksi.k djuk pkfg,A D;ksfd gekjh
yksd laLd`fr Hkh gesa ;gh fl[kkrh gSA o`{k thou ds fy, vkfr ykHknk;d ,oa mi;ksxh gSA
lEiw.kZ l`fV dh lq[k le`f) ,oa lR;e vkSj fkoe ,ao lqUnje ds fy, izd`fr ,ao Ik;kZoj.k ds izfr
yksd psruk ije vko;d gSA
Page 154
ty laj{k.k ,oa izcU/k

MkW- larksk tkskh
izkpk;Z
ekWMy egkfo|ky;] mTtSu
lkjkak
ty ,d vewY; lalk/ku gSA foo ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk dkZO; gS fd og ihus ds ikuh rFkk
vU; dk;ksZ esa ty ds mi;ksx esa gksus okyh cjcknh dks jksds] ftlls thou dh bl vewY; fuf/k dks
yEcs le; rd latksdj j[kk tk ldsA ty ds vHkko esa ouLifr ,oa okrkoj.k dh vusd f;k,a
vlEHko gSA ekuo dk bfrgkl ty dh izkfIr ,oa vizkfIr ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA ty ds fcuk thou
lEHko ugha gSA lk/kj.kr% yksx le>rs gS fd e:LFkyh; Hkkxksa dks NksMdj lHkh txg ty dh
cgqyrk gS] ysfdu okLro esa LoPN ty dh vko;drk c<+ jgha gSaA ty ,d vUur ugha vfirq
lhfer ,oa uktqd
lalk/ku gSA ty dsoy ihus ds fy, gh ugha vfirq flapkbZ] fo|qr mRiknu]
eRL; ikyu] m|+ksx ,oa ifjokgu vkfn vusd dk;ksZ es ia z;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA
ty gh thou gS ;g dFku mfpr gSA ty ds fcuk lalkj lwuk gS gesa nSfud thou dh
vko;drk dh iwfrZ gsrq ty dh vko;drk gksrh gSA ;g ty okkZ ls izkIr gksrk gSA
vxj u uHk esa ckny gksrs] tx dh pgy&igy ej tkrh gS
ty u gksrk] u gksrk thou] tkxrh ujd vkxA
ty ds fcuk i`Foh fojku gks tkrhA ;g jaxhu lalkj csjax gks tkrkA okkZ dk ty d`fk iz/kku Hkkjr
nsk dk HkkX; fo/kkrk gSaA ty ds vHkko esa izd`fr dh lqnajrk ns[kus dks u feyrh] dey ls Hkjs
rkykcks]a dy&dy djrs >jus] ljiV nksMrh lfjrk,a] ygjkrk gqvk lkxj] gfjr dzkafr] m+|ksxks dk
foLrkj lHkh dk psru lkSUn;Z uV gks tkrkA lpeqp ty bl l`fV dk lkSHkkX; gS] thou xaxk dh
xaxkS=h gSA gekjs thou esa tks dqN Hkh lq[k le`f) ,oa foo esa laR;e] fkoe] lqUnje gS] og mlh
dk vkkhokZn gSA ;fn thounk;h ty u gksrk rks ;g lqugjk lalkj ,d ,slk ukVd cu tkrk
ftldk Hkko nq[ke; gksrkA ty lalk/kuksa dh ekax rFkk viwfrZ esa larqyu dk;e j[kus ds fy, ty
lalk/kuksa ij fu;a=.k ,oa fodkl lEc/kh izfrf;kvksa dks ty laoj{k.k ,oa izcU/k ds vUrxZr lekosk
fd;k tkrk gSA ty ds egRo ,oa mldh vko;drk dks ns[krs gq, vko;d gS ty laj{k.k ,oa
mldk izcU/kA
ty laj{k.k ,oa izac/ku fuEu izdkj ls gks ldrk gS&
ukxfjdks dks ty ds mfpr mi;ksx gsrq izsj.kk nsdjA d`kdks dks fkf{kr djA oz{kkjksi.k
djukA okkZ ds ty izokg dks fu;af=r dj laxzfgr djukA lkxjh; ty dk kqf)dj.k djuk A
vkq) ty dks ihus ;ksX; cukukA
Page 155
lkaxhfrd&i;kZoj.k
MkW-izdkk dM+ksfr;k
i;kZoj.k fk{kk&v/;;u :i esa gekjs lkFk izfrd] HkkSfrd ,oa lkaLfrd vkoj.k gS]
ftldh vuqdwyrk esa ge thou ;kiu djrs gSaA gj tho i;kZo.k dh fokq)rk esa LoLFk jg ldrk
gSA thou esa vkq)rk ls iznwk.k mRiUu gksrk gSA bldh iqfV oSKkfud rF;ksa ls dh tkrh gS A vusd
oSKkfudksa tSls ,-ih-VkUlys] lh-lh-ikdZ] i;kZoj.k fon fQfVax] MkW-ds-vkj- nhf{kr vkfn oSKkfudkas us
vius&vius n`fVdks.kksa ds vk/kkj ij i;kZoj.k dks ikfjHkkfkr fd;k gSaA
i;kZoj.k ds izeq[k pkj la?kVd gksrs gSa &
1 LFky e.My Lithosphere
2 ok;q e.My Atmosphere
3 tSo e.My Biosphere
4 ty e.My Hydrosphere
LFky e.My dss :i esa rRo] [kfut] pV~Vkuksa ,oa feV~Vh vkfn gksrs gSaA ok;q e.My ds vUxZr
lw; izdkk] lkSj tkZ] rkieku] okkZ] vknzZrk ,oa xSlsa vkfn vkrs gSaA tSo e.My & ekuo] ikq] i{kh]
isM+&ikS/ks ,oa tho/kkjhA
bu pkjka la?kVdksa ds :i es i;kZoj.k laxzgfr gSa] tks i`Foh ij izkfrd] lkekftd ,oa lkaL
frd :i esa fo|eku gSA
laxhr ds vUrxZr i;kZoj.k le>k tkos] rks /ofu dk lkaxhfrd v/;;u gksuk vko;d gSA
laxhr esa /ofu dk :i ^ûkn** gksrk gSA ukn nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa &
v vkgu ukn % tks dkuksa ls lqukbZ iM+rk gS ;k nks oLrqvksa ds la?kkZ ls mRiUu gksrk gSA
tSls & Loj] Jqfr] xzke] ewPNZuk vkfnA
c
vukgr ukn % tks /ofu ds oy vuqHko dh tkrh gS vFkkZr~ Lo;aHkw :i eas fo|eku
gksrh
gSSA tSls & dkuksa esa xyh yxkus ij lk;a&lk;a dh /ofu vkfnA
dEiu }kjk vuqukn mRiUu gksrk gS vFkkZr~ fdlh oLrq dh dEiukhyrk mldh vko`fRr ij
fuHkZj djrh gSA vko`fRr vkSj dEiu cjkcj gksus ij vk;ke esa o`f) gksrh gSA tSls &
1 can dejs esa fdlh lkxhfrd ;a= ds lkFk fdlh fxykl dk dEiu djukA
2 yVdrs iqy ij lsuk dss pyus ij vkr`fRr ,oa dEiurk dk cjkcj gksuk] iqy dks {kfr
igqpk
ldrk gSA
^ûkn** dk Lo:i gh laxhfrd /ofu gksrk gSA blds nks izdkj gksrs gSa &
1 lkaxhfrd /ofu e/kqj
2 vlkaxhfrd /ofu dksykgy
1- lkaxhfrd /ofu e/kqj % tks /ofu;k d.kZ ij e/kqj ,oa lq[knk;h lqukbZ iM+rh gSa vFkkZr~
lqjhykiu gks og lkaxhfrd /ofu;k dgh tkrh gSA tSls lksukehVj] ok;fyu] Lofj=] fi;kuks vkfnA ;s
/ofu fdlh oLrq dss yxkrkj vkorZ dEiuks als mRiUu gksrh gSA
2- vlkaxhfrd /ofu dksykgy % tks /ofu vu;fer] vO;ofLFkr ,oa vdEiu vk;ke ds }kjk
mRiUu gksrh gS] og dksykgy dgh tkrh gS vkFkkZr~ cqljh /ofuA tSls & cUnwd dk NwVuk] gFkkSM+s dk
ihVuk] ifRr;ksa ds [kM+[kM+kus dh vkokt] cktkj esa fefJr /ofu;k vkfn blds mnkgj.k gSaA
lkaxhfrd /ofu dh vfHky{k.kk dks /;ku ls v/;;u djus ij fofHkUurk ds vk/kkj ij
lkaxhfrd /ouh dh rhu fokskrk, lkeus vkrh gSa &
1 rhozrk Intensity of Loudness 2 rkjrk ;k krkjRo Pitch 3 /ofu dh izfr
Quality
1- rhozrk Intensity of Loudness % rhozrk /ofu dk og foksk xq.k ftldss vUrxZr
og /ofu dku dks rst ;k /kheh lqukbZ iM+rh gSA tSls cUnwd ls NwVus dh /ofu] ifRr;ksa ds
[kM+[kM+kus ls vf/kd lqukbZ nsrh gS vFkkZr~ cUnwd dh /ofu dh rhozrk] ifRr;ksa dh /ofu ls vf/kd gSA
Page 156
2- rkjrk ;k rkjRo Pitch % rkjrk ;k rkjRo /ofu dk og xq.k gS ftldh lgk;rk ls
/ofu dk iyuk ;k ekVkiu vFkkZr~ pk ;k uhpkiu Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkaxhfrd /ofu dk
rkjRo mldh dEiu vko`fRr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA tSls &
1- ksj dh ngkM+ vkSj ePNj dh fHkufHkukgV 2- L=h&iq:k dh izkfrd Loj vkokt
3- /ofu dh izfr Quality % ;g /ofu dk og vfHky{k.k gS] ftlds }kjk leku rhozrk o
leku vko`fRr dh /ofu;ksa essa vUrj igpkuk tk ldrk gSA lakxhfrd ok|&;a=ksa ds }kjk bldh iqfV
dh tk ldrh gSA ,d gh rhozrk ,oa vko`fRr ds [kk| dks feykus ij mldh /ofu izfr fHkUu gksrh
gSA
bu lkaxhfrd vfHky{k.kksa ds vkykok vkSj Hkh la?kVd gksrk gSA tSls &
1 /ofu dk vuqdj.k Reverperatin
2 /ofu&ijkorZu Reflection of
Sound
3 /ofu&vkorZu Refraction of Sound
4 /ofu&foorZu Diffraction of
Sound
5 /ofu dk O;rhdj.k Interference of Sound 6 izfr/ofu Echo
7 ok;q dk fLaizax Elasticity of Sound
8 vuqnS/;Z rjax Longitudinal Wave
bu lHkh /ofu la?kVdksa ds ek/;e ls lkaxhfrd&/ofu] /ofu&lapkj] Lojkarjky vkfn dss }kjk
/ofu i;kZoj.k dh mi;ksfxrk fl) gksrh gSA bUgha ek/;keksa ds vUrxZr Loj] Fkkg] jkx] fjdkWfMZax]
xzkeksQku] VsyhQksu] jsfM;ks] Vh-oh-] dEI;wVj] ykmM&Lihdj] ekbd vkfn lhHkh lkaxhfrd ,oa oSKkfud
i;kZoj.k gh gSA
/ofu dk ewwy :i oSKkfud Lo:i gh gSaA lkaxhfrd /ofu vkSj vk/kkj ij gh lkfgR; esa jlksa
dh vfHkO;fDr ,oa vuqHkwfr O;kIr gS vFkkZr~ ukS jl lkaxhr /ofu;ksa ij vk/kkjHkwr LrEHk gSaA blh izdkj
dbZ oSKkfudksa us laxhfrd /ofu;ksa dks laxzfgr djdss dbZ chekfj;ksa ds bykt ds :i esa iz;ksx fd;k
gSA ,sls iz;ksxks dh O;k[;k MkW- uksoy
s thUl dSyhQksfuZ;k us vius v/;;u esa dh gSA ;g lHkh
i;kZoj.k gh gS] tks ekuo ,oa tho/kkfj;ksa ds fy, fodklkhy fl) gqvk gSA i;kZoj.k esa lkaxhfrd
:i esa dbZ txg /ofu iznw k.k Hkh ?kfVr gksrk gSA i;kZoj.k iznwk.k dks nwj djus ds fy, foo esa dbZ
lEesyu gq, gSa tSls &
1ekuo i;kZoj.k dkWusl
a
twu 1972
la;qDr jkV la?k
2fjaph fk[kj lEesyu
twu 1992
la;qDr jkV la?k
3vFkZ Iyl Qkbo lEesyu
twu 1997
la;qDr jkV la?k
4ekWfUV;y le>kSrk
1997
dukMk
5Xykscy okWfeZax dkWUal
s
fnlEcj 1997
tkiku
6lrr~ iksk.kh; fodkl
flrEcj 2002
n- vhdk
blh izdkj lkaxhfrd fok;d /ofu&iznwk.k gksrk gSA /ofu&iznwk.k dk dqizHkko lh/kk ekuo
kjhj ,ao efLrd ij iM+rk gSA lkekU;r% 65 Mslhcy ls vf/kd dh /ofu lkaxhfrd iznwk.k dgykrh
gSA euq; viuh ,d fufpr /ofu&xzg.k {kerk ds vk/kkj ij lqxerk ls lqu ldrk gSA vf/kd
/ofu {kerk ls /oofu iznw k.k ;k kksj mRiUu gksrk gS] tks ekuo kjhj ,oa efLrd ij izfrdwy
w izHkko
Mkyrk gSA dqN oSKkfud v/;;ud dss vqulkj &
kkar&izHkko & 26 ls 65 MslhcyA kkaj&izHkko & 65 ls 75 Mslhcy gSa
vr% /ofu dk ekuo ij lkekU; izHkko 65 Mslhcy gksrk gSA
/ofu iznwk.k fuEu gSa %
1jsyxkM+h ,oa lM+d okguksa dss vf/kd rhozrk okys gkWuZA
2fookgksRlo] /kkfeZd dk;ksZa esa vf/kd vkokt djus okys ykmMLihdjA
3iVk[kksa dh vkokt] foeku }kjk vf/kd /ofu NksM+uk 100 ls 200 MslhcyA
vkfn dkj.k ekuo kjhj ij dqizHkko iM+rk gSA tSls & cgjkiu & 85 rd dh /ofu ckj&ckj
lquukA vU; chekfj;k & fpM+fpM+kiu] ikxy] xHkZorh efgyk ij izHkko] mPPp jDrpku] Le`fr nksk
vkfnA
/ofu iznwk.k fu;a=.k ds mik; %
Page 157
1iznw k.k ij vadqk yxkrs gq, dkuwuh fu;eksa dks kfDr ls ykxww djuk pkfg,A
2ekhujh] kksj okys midj.kksa dss fy, de rhozrk okys la;a= vfuok;Z djuk pkfg,A
vkfn vU; NksVs&NksVs mi;ksa }kjk /ofu iznwk.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
laxhr dk fo|kFkhZ gksus ds ukrs xk;u&lUnHkZ esa O;fDrxr vuqHko dks j[kuk pkgrk gwA ^^dksbZ
O;fDr ftruk vPNk ;k lhfer /ofu JO;fur djrk gS] og mruk gh vPNk xk ldrk gSA** vFkkZr~
vPNk lquus okyk vPN xk;d gks ldrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & xk;u ds :i ea laxhr&xq#&fk;
ijEijk fo|k gksrh gS vr% ;g fo|k lh/ks xq# eq[k ls lh[kus dks feyrh gSA vFkkZr~ ftruk fk; xq:
eq[k ls xk;u fo|k lqurk gS] og oSlk gh xzg.k djrk gSA vr% i;kZoj.k ds :i esa lkaxhfrd /ofu;ksa
ds ek/;e ls laxhr dks vkSj mRre cu;k tk ldrk gSA
lUnHkZ %
1 laxhr fokkjn&Jh clarA 2 laxhr kkL= izoh.k&Jh txnhk ukjk;.k ikBd 3 /ofu]
rjax ,oa nksyu&Mh-ds-R;kxh ,oa Mh-lh-R;kxhA 4 Hkkjrh; laxhr&oSKkfud foysk.k&MkW- Lora= kekZ
5 i;kZoj.k ikB~;e 6 nSfud tkxj.k 7 laxhr dyk fogkj&izks- ch-vkj-nso/kjA
Page 158
i;kZoj.k {kj.k vkSj fodkl

MkW-nhik okfM;k izks-lh-,y-tokns izks-eukst ydjh
kkldh; egkfo|ky; cMuxj
gekjh bl /kjrh ij thou gS vkSj thou dh bl /kMdu ds vk/kkj gS&gekjs isM&ikS/ks]gekjh
ouLifr;kaWaA ;s isM&ikS/ks gesa pkjk]bZa/ku] bekjrh ydMh ]vkSk/kh;ka ]jsksa ]Qy vkSj Qwy gh ugha] ftUnk
jgus ds fy, lkals Hkh nsrs gSA isM&ikS/ks u jgs rks thou dh /kMdu gh cUn gks tk,xhA bfrgkl
xokg gS fd ou foukk gksus ij lH;rkvksa dk Hkh foukk gks x;kA vrhr esa fla/kq ?kkVh dh lH;rk
foyqIr gqbZA blh izdkj ls iqjkrRo kks/k ls irk pyk gS fd bl lH;rk ds voksk jsr dh lkr ijrksa
ls <dsa gS vFkkZr ;g lkr ckj LFkkfir gqbZ vkSj [kRe gqbZ A ij floy Lih;j us viuh iqLrd es *n
o.Mj nSV okt bf.M;k* esa bl rF; dks mtkxj djrs gw, fy[kk gS dh laHkor% rRdkyhu euq; dk
izd`fr dks u le> ikuk gh bl foukk yhyk dk dkj.k FkkA csjgeh ls ouksa dk lQk;k djrs le;
ge ;g Hkwy tkrs gS dh ge Lo;a vius gkFkksa ls lkalksa ds dkj[kkuksa dks mtkMdj vius vfLrRo ij
ladV mRiUu dj jgs gSA
yk[kksa lky igys dh iFkjhyh tehu vkt feV~Vh ds eghu d.kksa esa cny pqdh gSA ikS/kksa dh tMsa bu
eghu d.kksa dks vkil esa cka/ksa j[krh gSaA ysfdu ;fn ouksa dk lQk;k dj fn;k tk, rks ;g feV~Vh
rst gok o ikuh ds cgko ds lkFk lkxjksa esa tk igqapsxh vkSj fQj mlds LFkku ij jg tk,xh feV~Vh
dh fupyh ijrsa A ;s fupyh ijrsa njvly ogha iFkjhyh tehu gS ftlus yk[kksa okZ igys feV~Vh dks
tUe fn;k FkkA bl rjg ls ge taxyksa dh dVkbZ ls feV~Vh dks ge okil mlds izFke pj.k esa
igqapk nsrs gS]tgka ls mlus vius Je ls yk[kksa okksZa dh ;k=k r; dh Fkh] rkfd thou vkdkj ys
ldsA ysfdu ;gh vkt dh d:.k lPpkbZ gS euq; dk NksVk lk LokFkZ ;k ykijokgh izd`fr dh
yk[kksa okksaZ dh esgur dks fuQy fd, ns jgh gSA
gekjs fy, o`{k thou dk vk/kkj ugha cfYd fcdzh dk lkeku ;k egt bZa/ku cu x;k gSA tgka Hkh
euq; us ;g Hkwy dh gS ogka izkd`frd foink,a VwV jgh gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj ,d gsDVs;j {ks=
ds o;Ld o`{k gj lky 3-7 Vu iznwfkr ok;q dks lks[kdj 2 Vu izk.k ok;q vkWDlhtu gesa nsrs gSA
izkjaHk esa ikS/kksa dks gekjk lgkjk pkfg, cMs gksdj os gekjk lgkjk curs gSa A ouksa ls izR;{k o ijks{k
ykHk izkIr djus ds fy, vko;d gS fd jkV~h; ou uhfr 1988 ds vuq:i nsk ds ,d frgkbZ
Hkw&Hkkx oukPNkfnr gksaA
i;kZoj.k dk {kj.k ns[krs gq, rks ;gh yxrk gS dh vk/kqfudrk ds lkFk&lkFk ge dgha vf/kd vlH;
vkSj taxyh Hkh gq, gSaA ojuk dHkh u dHkh :ddj ;g lkspuk gh pkfg, fd viuh izd`fr ls
NsM&NkM euq; dks dgka ys tk,xh \ vktdy thou Lrj mBkus ds fy, dzkd
a hV dk taxy mBk;k
tk jgk gS blls fxjrs Hkw&ty Lrj ds fy, dkSu ftEesnkj gS],sls iznwfkr i;kZoj.k dks fdl izdkj
jksdk tk, fd ftlls gekjk Hkkoh thou lajf{kr gks ldsA
Page 159
Tky iznwk.k& pqukSfr;ka ,oa lek/kku

MkW- ts-ds- ekanfy;k
Lkgk;d izk/;kid okf.kT;
kkldh; egkRek xk/kh egkfo|ky;] tkon
eks- 8989620956
E-mail:- hegmgcjawnee@mp.gov.in
kks/k lkjkak
ty ,d cgqewY; lalk/ku gSA blds vHkko esa tho&tarq] ouLifr ,oa okrkoj.k dh vusd
f;k,a vlaHko gSA vkt vkfFkZd ,oa vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds ifj.kke Lo:Ik ty iznw"k.k dh leL;k
lqjlk ds leku rst+h ls c<+ jgh gSA nsk dh vk/kh vkcknh dks ihus dk i;kZIr ikuh miyC/k ugha gSA
ftu O;fDr;ksa dks ikuh feyrk gS muesa Hkh vf/kdkak izfrkr mu yksxksa dk gS ftUgsa ,slk ikuh ulhc
gksrk gS tks okLro esa ihus ds ;ksX; ugha gSA gekjh i`Foh ij ftruk Hkh ikuh gS mldk flQZ ,d
izfrkr gh ihus ds dke vkrk gS ftlesa Hkh 70 izfrkr ls vf/kd iznwfkr gks pqdk gSA
c<+rh vkcknh dh [kk|kUu iwfrZ ds fy, d`f"k esa jklk;fud moZjdkas ,oa dhVukkdksa dk iz;ksx
rsth ls c<+k gSA uxjh dwM+&
s dpjs] ey&ew=] IykfLVd ,oa ikWfyFkhu rFkk vkS|ksfxd vifkVksa dks
ufn;ksa ,oa ty L=ksrksa esa cgk nsus ls Hkkjh ek=k esa ty iznw k.k c<+k gSA lcls vf/kd ty iznwk.k
vkS|ksfxd vifkVksa ds dkj.k gksrk gSA ekuo }kjk Lo;a ds ,oa fk dk;Z gsrq Hkwfexr ty dks kq)
ekudj nksgu fd;k tkrk jgk gS tks vkt dkcZfud jlk;uksa] Hkkjh /kkrqvksa rFkk vU; iznwkdksa dh
mifLFkfr dk irk pyus ls iznfw kr gks pqdk gSA
vkt tykk;ksa] ufn;ksa ,oa Hkwfexr ty dk mi;ksx ekuo LokLF; ds fy, xaHkhj [krjk cu
x;k gSA ekuo LokLF; ds lkFk&lkFk iznfw kr ty dk nqizHkko tho&tarqvkas ,oa isM+&ikS/kksa ij Hkh iM+
jgk gSA iznfw kr ty ls flapkbZ djus ij fk mRiknu ij izfrdwy izHkko ns[kk tk jgk gSA ,sls
mRiknu dk miHkksx djus ij ekuo LokLF; ij izfrdwy izHkko fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA ty thou ds fy,
vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ gS ysfdu ;fn ;g iznwfkr gks tk, rks tkuysok Hkh cu tkrk gSA
ty leL;k nsk dh gh ugha cfYd oSfod leL;k gSA c<+rh vkcknh] kgjhdj.k]
vkS|ksfxdhdj.k ,oa fk esa c<+rk dhVukkdksa o moZjdksa ds iz;ksx vkfn ds dkj.k kq) ikuh dh
leL;k bl lnh dh ,d fodV leL;k gSSA miyC/k ikuh dks lqjf{kr djus vkSj mls iznwfkr gksus ls
cpkuk ljdkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk ge lcdk Hkh lkewfgd mRrjnkf;Ro gSA ;fn le; jgrs /;ku ugha
fn;k x;k rks vxyk foo ;q) isVky
s ds ctk; kq) ikuh ds fy, yM+k tk,xk vksj ogh nsk foo
ij jkt djsxk ftl ds ikl kq) ikuh ds i;kZIr Hk.Mkj gksx
a As Hkkjh ty ladV dgha gekjs vfLrRo
dk ladV mRiUu u dj ns blds fy, gesa nwjn`fV j[krs gq, ikuh dh ifj;kstuk,a] laj{k.k ,oa
izca/ku dh uohu rduhdksa ij foksk cy nsuk gksxkA
Page 160
izkfrd L=ksr Hkwfe laj{k.k ,oa izca/ku

Jherh lquhrk eqtkYns]
lgk-izk/;kid ôuLifr 'kkL=*
'kkldh; dU;k egkfo|ky;] /kkj
Email - sunitabadole80@gmail.com
Abstract
izkfrd :i ls gesa tks Hkh feyk gS ty] ok;q] Hkwfe] ou bR;kfnA ;s lHkh izfr iznRr gS
,oa euq"; ds fy, ojnku gSA blds fcuk euq"; thou dh dYiuk eqefdu ugha gSA bu lHkh dk
laj{k.k cgqr t:jh gS i`Foh dk og Hkkx ftl ij izk.kh fuokl djrs gS isM&ikS/ks ,oa ouLifr;k
mxrh gS rFkk [kfutksa dk Hk.M+kj ik;k tkrk gS] Hkwfe dgykrk gSA Hkwfe i`Foh dk 3@10 ok Hkkx gSA
Hkwfe dh ijh ijr e`nk Soil dh cuh gksrh gSA mi;ksfxrk ds vk/kkj ij Hkwfe dks lkekU; Hkwfe] ue
Hkwfe] catj Hkwfe] jsfxLrkuh Hkwfe ,oa esuxzqo Hkwfe esa ckVk tkrk gSA
loZizFke gesa e`nk vijnu dks jksduk vko';d gSA e`nk vijnu esa feV~Vh dks mitk
lrg vius ewy LFkku ls gVdj nwljs LFkkuksa ij LFkkukarfjr gks tkrh gSA ;g nks izdkj ls gksrk gS]
lkekU; vijnu tks /khjs&/khjs izkfrd] HkkSfrd] tSfod rFkk vU; lk/kuksa }kjk i`Fkd gks tkrh gS rks
;g lkekU; vijnu dgykrk gS ,oa nwljk rhoz vijnu tc 'kh"kZ e`nk fofHkUu lk/kuksa ds }kjk gVk
yh tkrh gS rks ;g f;k rhoz e`nk vijnu dgykrk gSA
izfr izznRr okrkoj.k tks gesa feyk gS vius iwoZtksa ls og vkxs Hkh fujarj ,slk cuk jgs
blds fy, lHkh dks feydj iz;kl djuk gksx
a As Hkw&izca/ku gsrq feV~Vh ds cgko dks ;Fkk laHko jksdk
tk;s ,oa Top soil esa jklk;fud moZjdksa dk de ls de mi;ksx ,oa mlds LFkku ij tSfod [kkn
dks c<+kok nsuk pkfg,A o`{kkjksi.k gksuk pkfg,] dsoy o`{kksa dks yxkuk gh ugha mUgsa c<+kuk Hkh pkfg,A
Keywords: Top Soil, Mangrove, Gully Erosion, Reforestation
Page 161
eqxydkyhu dyk ,oa lkfgR; esa i;kZoj.k
MkW- johUnz ukxnso
lgk;d k/;kid
vfrfFk fo}ku& bfrgkl
'kkldh; dU;k LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky;
mTtSu e--
esjs n`f"Vdks.k esa os leLr fr }kjk nRr os leLr lalk/ku ftudk mi;ksx ekuo o vU;
tho&tUrq thor jgus ds fy, djrs gS] i;kZoj.k ds vUrxZr vkrk gSA bu lalk/kuksa ds fcuk thou
dh dYiuk ugha dh tk ldrh gS tSls & isM+] igkM+] taxy] eSnku] unh] rkykc] ok;qe.My vkfn
vkfnA bu lc phtksa ls feydj l`f"V esa fujUrj ,d p pyrk jgrk gS] ftlds dkj.k thou Hkh
lrr~ pyrk jgrk gSA bl p dk R;sd Hkkx thou ds fy, vko';d gSA ;fn bl p esa
tjk&lk Hkh vlUrqyu mRiUu gksrk gS rks ck<+] vfro`f"V] lw[kk] Hkw&L[yu tSlh vusd kfrd
mink; mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA vr% lalkj ds lcls vf/kd cqf)eku k.kh ekuo ds fy, ;g vR;Ur
vko';d gS fd og i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k djs o bl p dks u VwVus ns] ysfdu ns[kus esa ;g vkrk gS
fd ekuo gh lcls vf/kd bl p dks uqdlku igqpkrk gSA
Hkkjro"kZ esa eqxyksa us djhc rhu 'krkfCn;ksa rd 'kklu fd;kA bl ys[k ds ek/;e ls eSusa ;g
crkus dk ;kl fd;k gS fd eqxy 'kkldksa dh i;kZoj.k o fr ds fr D;k lksp
a Fkh vkSj mUgksusa
dyk ds ek/;e ls fdl rjg ls dV fd;k gSA
ckcj Fke eqxy 'kkld FkkA mldk 'kkludky laf{kIr Fkk ijUrq mldh vkRedFkk
^ckcjukek^ esa vusd LFkkuksa ij isM+&ikS/kks]a Qwy&iRrfr;ksa oU;thoksa o fr dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
ftlls Li"V gksrk gS fd ckcj ,d fr seh 'kkld FkkA
gqek;w ,d mPpf'kf{kr 'kkld FkkA mldh lkfgR; fp=dyk] /keZ] bfrgkl] dkO; vkfn esa
vR;f/kd :fp FkhA gqek;w dk 'kkludky mFky&iqFky o ;q)ksa ls Hkjk Fkk ysfdu fQj Hkh mlus fp=ksa
ds ek/;e ls mlds i;kZoj.k se dks mtkxj fd;k gSA og [kkyh oDr esa lfp= iqLrdsa ns[krk Fkk
;gk rd fd og viuh ;k=kvksa ds nkSjku Hkh bu iqLrdksa dks vius lkFk j[krk FkkA bu iqLrdksa esa
kf.k;ksa ds o fr dh lqUnjrk dks n'kkZrs fp= gksrs FksA ,slk mYys[k kIr gksrk gS fd tc og
flU/k ns'k ls bZjku dh vksj LFkku dj jgk Fkk rks jkLrs esa mlds [kses esa ,d dcwrj dgha ls vkdj
cSBk] gqek;w us mldks idM+dj vius lkFk py jgs fp=dkj ls dcwrj ,oa Lo;a dk fp= cukus ds
fy, dgkA ;g fp= iw.kZ gksus ij gqek;w us dcwrj dks mM+k fn;kA bl ?kVuk ls gqek;w dk
i'kq&if{k;ksa o fr ds fr se nf'kZr gksrk gSA
ckn'kkg vdcj gkaykfd f'kf{kr ugha Fkk ysfdu og fr seh Fkk vkSj i'kq&if{k;ksa ls se
j[krk FkkA mlls Hkh mldk ,d lqUnj fp= cuok;k Fkk ftlesa vdcj ckn'kkg ckt+ i{kh ds lkFk
cSBk gSA blds vykok mlds dky dk vuokj&,&lqgSyh xzUFk esa xhnM+ ds fp= gSa vkSj vdcj ds ukS
jRuksa esa ls ,d vcqy Qt+y ls Hkh ,d xzUFk dk vuqokn djok;k Fkk ftlesa i'kq&if{k;ksa ds vusd
fdLls dgkfu;k gSA
eqxy 'kkld tgkxhj dks fp=dyk ls fo'ks"k se FkkA mlds tekus dk fo[;kr fp=dkj
mRrkn eUlwj mlds njckj esa FkkA tks fr fp=.k ds fy, lkjs Hkkjr esa fo[;kr FkkA mlds cuk;s
x;s fp=ksa esa isM+&ikS/ks oU;k.kh ,oa if{k;ksa dk lqUnj fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA tgkxhj dh csxe uwjtgk
dks Hkh fr ls fo'ks"k se Fkk vkSj uwjtgk ds vuqjks/k ij tgkxhj us yxHkx lkS dkj ds Qwyksa ds
cM+s gh lqUnj fp= cuok;s FksA ;g Qwy d'ehj ?kkVh esa f[kyrs FksA ;gk ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd
uwjtgk Qwyksa ls lqxfU/kr b= dk fuekZ.k djus esa ekghj Fkh vkSj mlus cxhps esa vusd dkj ds
Qwy&ikSa/ks yxok;s FksA
tgkxhj ds le; dh gh ,d ?kVuk dk mYys[k kIr gksrk gS fd ,d ckj B.M ds ekSle esa
uxj Hkze.k ds nkSjku tgkxhj us ,d rkykc esa B.Ms ikuh ls egkor dks gkFkh dks ugykrs ns[kkA
Page 162
gkFkh B.M ls Fkj&Fkjk jgk FkkA tgkxhj us rqjUr vkns'k fn;k fd gkFkh dks ugykus ds fy, xeZ
ikuh dh O;oLFkk fd tk,A ;g ?kVuk tgkxhj ds i'kq se dks n'kkZrh gSA eqxy dky esa i;kZoj.k
lEcU/kh lokZf/kd dk;Z tgkxhj ds le; esa gq,] D;ksafd tgkxhj vkSj uwjtgk nksuksa gh fr seh Fks
vkSj oU;thoksa i'kq&if{k;ksa] isM+&ikSa/kksa ls vR;f/kd yxko j[krs FksA
eqxy 'kkld 'kkgtgk Hkh fr o lqUnjrk dk seh FkkA mlds }kjk vusd bekjrks]a egyksa o
Lekjdksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k x;k bu egyksa o Lekjdksa ds vkl&ikl fo'kky {ks=ksa esa lqUnj cxhps
cuok;s tkrs FksA bu cxhpksa esa vusd rjg ds nqyZHk Qwy&ikSa/ks] isM+ yxok;s tkrs FksA vkxjk dh fo'o
fl) Lekjd ^rktegy^ vkSj mlds vklikl ds {ks= esa yxok;k x;k fo'kky cxhpk bldk lqUnj
mnkgj.k gSA
mijksDr laf{kIr fooj.k ls Li"V gksrk gS fd eqxydky tc vius pje ij Fkk ml nkSjku
vusd eqxy 'kkldksa us fr o i;kZoj.k ds laj{k.k ds fy, dk;Z fd;s vkSj mls lajf{kr j[kus dk
;kl fd;kA vusd eqxydkyhu m|ku o ckx&cxhpsa vkt Hkh Hkkjr esa fo|eku gS tks orZeku ih<+h
dks eqxy 'kkldksa ds fr se ds ckjs esa crkrs gSA
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph %&
1 czkmu] ilhZ bf.M;u isfa Vax v.Mj nh eqxYl 1924
2 gjeu xks,V~t] vkVZ vkWQ nh oYMZ
3 'kks/k&leosr] Jh dkosjh 'kks/k laLFkku] mTtSu
Page 163
Ik;kZoj.k v/;;u vkSj iznw"k.k

MkW- nhif'k[kk lDlsuk
'kks/kkFkhZ
'kk-ts-,u-,l-egk- 'kqtkyiqj
Ik;kZoj.k og ifjo`fr gs tks ekuo dks pkjksa vksj ls ?ksjs gq, gS rFkk mlds thou vkSj f;kvksa
ij izHkko Mkyrh gSA bl ifjo`fr esa euq"; ds vklikl ds lHkh rF; oLrq,W fLFkfr;kW ,oa nkk;sa
lfEefyr gksrh gS] ftudh f;k,W euq"; ds thou fodkl dks izHkkfor djrh gSA
Ik;kZoj.k mu lHkh nkkvksa iz.kkfy;ks rFkk izHkkoksa dk ;ksx gS tks thoksa rFkk mudh iztkfr;ks ds
fodkl ]thou] rFkk e``R;q dks izHkkfor djrk gS rFkk ;g izHkkodkjh nkkvksa dk og lEiw.kZ ;ksx ftlesa
tho/kkjh fuokl djrs gSA
Ik;kZoj.k esa leLr HkkSfrd rFkk tSfod ifjfLFkfr;kW lfEefyr gksrh gs vr% Ik;kZoj.k thoksa dh
f;kvksa ,oa izfrf;kvksa dks izHkkfor djus okyh leLr HkkSfrd rFkk tSfod ifjfLFkfr;ks dk ;ksx
gksrk gSA
Ik;kZoj.k dk og dksbZ Hkh ifjorZu tks Ik;kZoj.k dh fxjkoV esa ;ksxnku nsrk gS] ogh Ik;kZoj.k
izn"w k.k gSA ge ;g Hkh dg ldrs gS] fd dqN oLrqvksa dk xyr le; ij xyr ek=kvksa esa rFkk xyr
LFkkuksa ij ik;k tkuk gh Ik;kZoj.k iznw"k.k gSA
gok] ty] ,oa e`nk ds HkkSfrd] jklk;fud ,oa tsfod xq.kksa ds fdlh ,sls vokaNuh; ifjorZu dks
ftlls euq"; Lo;a dks vkSj lEiw.kZ ifjosk ds izkd`frd tSfod ,oa lkaLd`frd rRoks dks gkfu igqWpkrh
gS ogh izn"w k.k gSA
vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd izn"w k.k ekuoh; f;kdykiksa }kjk
mRiUu vofk"V inkFkZ rFkk muds fuLrkj.k ls mRiUu izfrdwy izHkko gksrs gS ftuls Lo;a ekuo lfgr
vusd tho&tUrq izHkkfor gksrs gSA
Page 164
Hkkjrh; d`f"k % pqukSfr;k] lek/kku ,oa Hkkoh fn'kk,

MkW- jsgkuk 'ks[k
lgk- izk/;kid jkt-foKku
voafrdk egkfo|ky;] mTtSu
lkjkak
Hkkjr ,d d`f"k iz/kku ns'k gS tgk dh yxHkx 65 izfr'kr tula[;k d`f"k ij fuHkZj gS A
jk"Vh; vk; dk mRiknu] thou ;kiu ds lk/ku] jkstxkj] vkS|ksfxd fodkl varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj vkfn
lHkh {ks=ksa esa d`f"k Hkkjr dk egRoiw.kZ O;olk; gS ysfdu ns'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa d`f"k {ks= dh
Hkkxhnkjh yxkrkj de gksrh tk jgh gS A Hkkjr esa nh?kZdky ls gh d`f"k ] fdlkuks]a [ksrhgj etnwjksa
dh thfodk dk lk/ku jgh gS bls O;olk; ds :i esa cgqr FkksM+s gh yksxksa us viuk;k gS Hkkjr xkaoksa
dk ns'k gS tgk d`f"k {ks= ls tqM+s yksx vf/kdka'k vf'kf{kr gSa os vk/kqfud rduhd ,oa lalk/ku foghu
yksx gSa ftlds dkj.k os vf/kd ek=k esa mRiknu ugha dj ikrs- ftu ns'kksa esa d`f"k dk fodkl gqvk gS
ogka ds fdlku f'kf{kr gSa gekjs ;gka ds fdlku vf'kf{kr gksus ds dkj.k d`f"k dh ckjhfd;ksa dks ugha
le> ikrs Hkkjrh; fdlku d`f"k ds {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh lq/kkj ugha yk ik jgs gSa ftlds dkj.k os
vkfFkZd :i ls lUiUu ugha gks ik jgs gSa bldk vlj xzkeh.k {ks= dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds lkFk&lkFk
jk"Vh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkh iM+ jgk gS d`f"k {ks= esa ewyHkwr lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko gS vkSj bu vHkkoksa ls
vkSlr fdlku =Lr gSa A xzkeh.k {ks= esa fctyh] ikuh dh fdYyr c<+rh tk jgh gS ftlds dkj.k
izfro"kZ lSdM+ksa ,dM+ d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe vflafpr jg tkrh gS ftlesa i;kZIr d`f"k mRiknu ugha gks ik
jgk gS d`f"k {ks=ksa esa fdlkuksa ds ifjokj c<+us ds dkj.k mudh d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe NksVs&NksVs fgLlksa esa
cVrh pyh tk jgh gS ftldk izHkko d`f"k mRiknu ij iM+ jgk gS A d`f"k fodkl dk Lrj apk
mBkdj [kkl inkFkksZa ds {ks= esa vkRefuHkZj cuk;k tk ldrk gS d`f"k esa c<+rh gqbZ mRikndrk ls
vkS|ksfxd fodkl esa Hkh lgk;rk feyrh gS d`f"k mRikndrk vf/kd gksus ij d`kd oxZ dh vk; c<+x
s h
rFkk vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa dks mfpr dher ij [kk| inkFkZ miyC/k gksx
a sA
ns'k dks vktkn gq, yxHkx 68 o"kZ gks x;s gSa ysfdu vkt Hkh vf/kdka'k d`f"k Hkwfe vflafpr
gS rFkk gekjh d`f"k izd`fr ij fuHkZj gS d`f"k fodkl ds leLr iz;kl izfrdwy ekulwu esa pjejk tkrk
gS vr% ,sls chtksa ds 'kks/k dh vko';drk gS tks izfrdwy ekSle esa Hkh i;kZIr mRiknu ns ldsa A
blds lkFk gh gekjs ;gka ds vf/kdka'k fdlku vf'kf{kr gSa mudks f'kf{kr djus dh vko';drk gS
rkfd d`f"k O;olk; esa yxs fdlku vk/kqfud rduhd ls [ksrh dj viuk vf/kdre mRiknu dj ldsa
vkSj Hkkjrh; fdlku [kq'kgky gks ldsa A pwfd d`"kd vUunkrk gS vFkkZr "Grain Giver Farmer"
nwljs 'kCnkas esa ;g dguk mfpr gh gksxk fd& fdlku dh lsok bZ'oj dh lsok gS** vFkkZr "To serve
the farmer is to serve the God".
Page 165
Hkwe.Myhdj.k dh pqukSfr;k vkSj Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ,oa laLdkj

MkW- Jherh lhek 'kekZ
izk/;k- vaxzsth
'kkl- laLd`r egk- mTtSu
MkW- vkHkk frokjh
lgk;d izk/;k- jktuhfr foKku
'kkl- egk- ihify;keaMh
Hkwe.Myhdj.k vkSj Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ij blds izHkko dk vkt ds ;qx ls gh ugha
vfirq izkphu dky ls Hkkjr ,d ,sls egkifjokj dh dYiuk djrk gS tgk olq/kSo
dqVqEcde~ loZtu fgrk; ,oa losZHkoUrq lqf[ku% okys fl)kUrksa dks izfrikfnr fd;k
tkrk gSA tc nqfu;k esa dksbZ jk"V bl rF; dh ifjdYiuk ugh djrk Fkk rc Hkkjr esa
vf[ky fo'o dks ,d lw= esa cka/kus dh ckr dh xbZA
/keZ ,oa laLd`fr dk vFkZ ladh.kZ :Ik esa fy;k tkrk gSA /keZ fdlh ,d O;fDr
ds fy;s fdlh ,d lEiznk; gsrq ugha gS vfirq leLr ekuo tkfr gsrq /kkj.k djus
;ksX; /kk;Zfr bfr /keZ% gSA /keZ dh ifjHkk"kk Hkkjrh; 'kkL=ksa ds vuqlkj vuqLe`fr
6@12 eas /keZ dk y{k.k bl izdkj fn;k gS %
/k`fr% {kek neksLrs;a 'kkSpfefUnz;fuxzg%A
/khfoZ|k lRLeks.kks n'kad /keZ y{k.ke~AA
vFkkZr~ /kS;Z] lgu'khyrk1] dke ,oa yksHk ij la;e] pksjh u djuk] dkfed
okfpd ,oa ekufld ifo=rk bfUnz;ksa ij vf/kdkj] Kku v/;;u'khyrk] lR; dk vkpj.k
vkSj ks/k dk vHkko ;s nl /keZ ds y{k.k gSA
bu bl y{k.kksa dk o.kZu fdlh ,d euq"; ;k fdlh ,d tkfr ;k lEiznk; ds
fy;s ugha fd;k x;k gSA lEiw.kZ ekuo tkfr ds fgrkFkZ ;s xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjrh; lekt dks Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds fpafrr gksus dh vko';drk ugh gSA ;fn ge
Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh fopkj/kkjkvksa dks le>s rks mlesa xaHkhjrk dh vuqHkwfr gksxhA ;fn
bu nl y{k.kksa ij fopkj fd;k tk, rks %
1
/k`fr /k`fr vFkkZr~ fpRok ij la;e /kkj.k djus okyk /khj dgykrk gSA
bl /khj iq:"k ds fo"k; ds egkdfo dkfynkl us vius egkdkO; dqekj

lEHko esa dgk gS %
fodkj gs rkS lfr fof;Urs
Page 166
istka u psrkafl r ,o /khjk%A

vFkkZr~ eu esa fodkj mRiUu gksus ds dkj.k ekStwn gksus ij Hkh ftldk eu
;k fpk fod`r ugha gksrk ogh /khj gSA
2
{kek %
{kek ohj ds fy;s vyad`r :I gSA {kek ohjL; Hkw"k.ke~A mxzrk ,oa mUekn
orZeku ih<+h dh xq.k gks x;k gSA vr% lgu'khyrk ds vHkko ds vusd ckj O;fDr dks
thou dk i'pkrki djuk iM+rk gSA jk"V jk"V ls euq"; euq"; ls fotLokFkZ gsrq fujarj
;q) esa yhu gSa vr% bl izo`fk dks {kek }kjk nwj djuk pkfg;sA
3
'kkSp 'kqfprk vFkok ifo=rk %
Ikfo=rk nks izdkj dh gksrh gS 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufldA 'kkjhfjd feV~Vh

vFkok ty esa LoPNrkA eu dks ifo= djuk dfBu gSA
4
bfUnz; foxzg %
bfUnz;ksa ds lewg esa ls fdlh ,d bfUnz; ds fo"k; esa vklDr gksus ij cqf)
u"V gks tkrh gSaA
blh izdkj foKku vFkkZr~ vPNs djus dk Kku] fo|k] lR; ,oa vks/k esa euq"; ds
y{k.k ekus x, gSA
iqjk.kksa dks Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk es:n.M dgk x;k gSA iqjk.k 'kCn dk vFkZ gS %
iqjkHkoe~ vFkkZr~ izkphudky esa gksus okykA ;kLd ds fu:Dr ds vuqlkj 3@19 iqjk.k
dh O;qRifk gS %
iqjk uoa Hkofr vFkkZr~ tks izkphu gksdj Hkh u;k gksrk gSA1
iqjk.kksa dh la[;k izkphudky ls 18 ekuh xbZ gSA bu v"Vkn'k iqjk.kksa dk uke
izR;sd iqjk.k esa miyC/k gksrk gSA
e};a Hk};a pSo cz=;a oprq"V;e~
vukin~ fyax &dw&Ldkfu iqjk.kkfu i`Fkd~ i`Fkd~AA
nSohHkkxor~ \ LdU/k 3 v 2@2yks
1
edkjkfn nks iqjk.k & eRL; rFkk ekdZ.Ms;
edkjkfn nks iqjk.k & Hkkxor rFkk Hkfo";
czr;e & czgkz] czgkz & oSorZ rFkk czEgk.M
oprq"V;e~ & okeu] fo".kq] ok;q] okjkg
vukir~ fyax dwLd & vfXu] ukjn i|] fyax] x:.k] deZ rFkk LdUn
Page 167
orZeku ;qx esa uSfrd f'k{kk ds egRo dks izfrikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA
laLdkjksa dh f'k{kk ek ds xHkZ ls gh izkjaHk gks tkrh gSA ;g lHkqnzkiq= vfHkeU;q dh dFkk
ls ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA laLdkjksa dh egkurk vFkkZr~ ijfgr dk fopkj izkphu xzaFkksa ls
ysdj orZeku rd fd;k x;k gS %
ijfgr lfjl /kje ugha HkkbZ]
IkjihM+k le ugha v/kekbZA
xksLokeh rqylhnklth dk ;s dFku iqjk.kksa esa Hkh ifjyf{kr gksrk gS %
dì.kkuk; o`)kuka fo/kokuka p ;ksf"krke~
;ksx{ksea p o`fra p rFkSo ifjdYi;sr~AA
eRL; 2@5@642
bldk rkRi;Z gS fd dì.k] vukFk] o`) rFkk fo/kokvks ds ;ksx{kse rFkk o`fk dk
izcU/k djuk jktk dk eguh; /keZ gksuk pkfg;sA
vFkkZr~ fgUnw /kez esa ekuoh; fopkj Hkkouk rFkk ln~fopkjksa dks egRo fn;k x;k gSA
izR;sd iqjk.k] izR;sd iq:"k] L=h ,oa cPps dh cqf) dks vU/kdkj ls eqDr djus dh ps"Vk
djrk gS] ftlls og vkn'kZ Lora=rk izkIr djus ds fy;s viuh vf/kd`r Lora=rk dk
leqfpr mi;ksx dj ldsA blfy;s fHkUu fHkUu lEiznk;ks]a erksa dks Lohdkj dj ,oa vkRek
dh Hkkfr fgUnw /keZ lcdks ,d ekyk esa fijks, gq, gSA
1
jk"V ds izfr izse Hkkouk %
Ikzkphu Hkkjrh; _f"k;ksa us lknk thou mPp fopkj dk lans'k iznku dj

lR;a f'koa lqUnje~ dk fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;kA jk"V ds izfr izse Hkkouk] izd`fr dks
bZ'oj dk :Ik ekudj vknj Hkko mRiUu djuk gh _f"k;ksa dk /;s; jgk gSA tSlk fd
xhrk esa dgk x;k gS %
ifj=k.kk; lk/kwuka fouk'kk; p nq"Vrke~
/keZ laLFkkiukFkkZ; laHkokfe ;qxs ;qxsAA
2
vk/;kfRed n`f"V %
Lokeh foosdkuUn us fgUnw /keZ dh mikns;rk ij fopkj O;Dr fd;s gS %
fHkUUk&fHkUu er erkUrjksa ij fo'okl ds leku fganw /keZ ugh gS oju~ fganw /keZ rks
izR;{k vuqHkwfr ;k lk{kkRdkj dk /keZ gSA fganw /keZ esa ,d tkrh; Hkko ns[kus dks feysxkA
og gS vk/;kfRedrkA
/keZ vuqHkwfr dh oLrq gSA Hkw[k dh ckr] erokn vFkok ;qfDrewyd dYiuk ugha gS
%
Page 168
Pkkgs og fdruh Hkh lqanj gksA vkRek dh czEgLo:irk dks tku ysuk] rnzwi gks
tkuk mldk lk{kkRdkj djuk ;gh /keZ gSA /keZ ds cy lquus ;k eku ysus dh pht ugha
gS] leLr eu izk.k fo'okl ds lkFk ,d gks tk;s ;gh /keZ gSA
D;k okLro esa /keZ dk dksbZ mi;ksx gS \ gk og euq"; dks vej cuk nsrk gSA
tgk ;FkkFkZ /keZ ugha vkRe cfynkuA vius fy;s dqN er pkgks] nwljksa ds fy;s gh lc
dqN djks ;gh gS bZ'oj esa rqEgkjs thou dh fLFkfr] xfr rFkk izxfrA
3
uSfrd nkf;Ro %
Lkekt ds izfr uSfrd nkf;Ro dks iqjk.kksa esa fu:fir fd;k x;k gSA bls
/keZ dk Lo:Ik Hkh dg ldrs gSaA Jh ukjnth ds f=a'kYy[k.k 30 Jhenzkxor~
7@11@8&12 ds vuqlkj %
lR;a n;k ri% 'kkSpa frfr{ks{k'kuks ne%A
vfgalk czEgp;Z p R;kx% Lok/;k; vktZoe~AA
larks"k% le)d lsok xzkE;sgksije% 'kuS%A
r`.kka foi;Z;sgs{kk ekSuekRefoe'kZue~AA
vUuk|kns% lafoHkkxks HkwrsH;'p ;FkkZgr%A
rs"kkokRensork cqf)% lqrjka uÌiq ik.MoAA
Jo.ka dhrZua pkL; Lej.ka egrka xrs%A
lsosT;koufrnkZL;a l[;ekReleiZ.ke~AA
r`.kke;a ijks /keZ% losZ"kka leqnkgr%A
f=a'kYYk{k.koku~ jktu~ lokZRek ;su rq";frAA
Jhen~Hkk- 7@11@8&124
vFkkZr~ lR;] n;k] ri] 'kkSp] frfr{kk lgu'khyrk] mf;r vuqfpr dk
fopkj eu la;e] bfUnz; fuxzg vfgalk] czEgp;Z R;kx] Lok/;k;] ljyrk] larks"k
lenf'kzrk egkRekvksa dh lsok] /khjs&/khjs lkalkfjd Hkksxksa dh ps"Vk ls fuo`fk] euq"; ds
vfHkHkkoiw.kZ iz;Ruksa dk Qy myVk gh gksrk gS % ,slk fopkj] ekSu] vkRefparu] izkf.k;ksa
dks vUUkkfn dk ;Fkk;ksX; foHkktu] i'kq vkfn izkf.k;ksa esa rFkk fo'ks"k djds euq";ksa esa
vkRek rFkk b"Vnso dk Hkko] larks ds ije vkJe Hkxoku Jhd`".k ds xq.k] yhyk vkfn
dk Jo.k dhrZu] muds izfr nkL;] l[; Hkko ;g rhl izdkj dk vkpj.k ekuo ek= dk
ije /keZ gSA
mijksDr xq.k uSfrd f'k{kk ds ewy vk/kkj gSA
4
cgqtufgrk;] cgqtu lq[kk; dh Hkkouk dk lans'k %

Page 169
Ikqjk.kksa esa Hkkjrh; thou n'kZu dh ewy Hkkouk cgqtu fgrk;] cgqtu
lq[kk; dk lans'k loZlk/kkj.k dks iznku fd;k x;k gSA nsoky;] fo|ky;] vkS"k/kky;]
Hkkstuky; vUu{ks=] vukFkky;] xks'kkyk] /keZ'kkyk] dq,a ] ckoM+h] rkykc vkfn
loZtuksi;ksxh LFkkuksa dk fuekZ.k vkfn dk;Z ;fn U;k;ksikftZr nzO; ls fcuk ;'k dh
dkeuk ls HkxoRizhO;FkZ fd;s tk, rks ijedY;k.kdkjh fl) gksxsA lkekU;r% U;k;iwoZd
vftZr fd;s gq, /ku dk n'keka'k cqf)eku euq"; dks nku diZ esa bZ'oj dh izlUurk ds
fy;s yxkuk pkfg;sA
U;k;ksikftZr fokL; n'kekalsu /kherkA
dP;ks fofu;ksx'p bZ'k izhR;FkZeso pA
LdUniqjk.k] dsnkj@12@355
vU;k;iwoZd vftZr /ku dk nku djus ls dksbZ iq.; ugha gksrkA ;g U;k;ksikftZr
fokL; bl dFku ls Li"V gksrk gSA nku nsus dk vfHkeku rFkk ysus okys ij fdlh
izdkj ds midkj dk Hkko u mRiUu gks] blds fy;s bl 'yksd esa dkZO; in dk iz;ksx
gqvk gS vFkkZr~ /ku dk bruk fgLlk nku djuk ;g euq"; dk dkZO; gSA ekuo dk eq[;
y{; gS & bZ'oj dh izlUurk izkIr djukA vr% nku :Ik dkZO; dk ikyu djrs gq,
HkxoRizhfr dk cuk;s j[kuk Hkh vko';d gSA blhfy;s dkZO;ks fofu;ksx'p bZ'kizhR;FkZeso
p bu 'kCnks dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
mikftZr /ku ds n'keka'k dk nku djus dk ;g fo/kku lkekU; dksfV ds ekuoksa ds
fy;s fd;k x;k gS ij tks O;fDr oSHko'kkyh /kuh vkSj mnkjpsrk gS mUgsa rks vius
mikftZr /ku dks ikp Hkkxks esa foHkDr djuk pkfg;s %
/kekZ; ;'klsMvFkkZ; dkek; Lotuk; p
iPp/kk foHktu~ fokfegkeq= p eksnrsA6
1 /keZ 2 ;'k 3 vFkZ O;kikj vkfn vkthfodk 4 dke thou ds mi;ksx
Hkksx 5 Lotu ifjokj ds fy;sA bl izdkj ikap izdkjk ds /ku dk foHkkx djus okyk
yksd vkSj ijyksd esa Hkh vkuUn dks izkIr djrk gSA
5
laLdkjksa dh f'k{kk %
laLdkj dk vFkZ gksrk gS izdkf'kr djukA ekufld ,oa vk/;kfRed ifj'kqf) djuk
laLdjksa dk dk;Z gSA lPpfj=rk rFkk eu vkSj vkRek dh ifo=rk gh laLdkj dk mn~ns';
gksrk gSA ekrk&firk dk lEEkku] o`)ks dh lsok] vleFkZ] jksxh dh lsok ,oa buds izfr
lfg".kqrk dk Hkko j[kuk izR;sd /kkfeZd xzaFk dk ije dkZO; gSA iqjk.kksa esa of.kZr o`kkar]
bUgh vkn'kksZ ls ifjfpr djkrs gSA
Jo.kdqekj us laLdkjksa ds dkj.k gh o`) va/ks ekrk firk dks dkoj esa cSBkdj
rhFkZ;k=k djkbZ FkhA egf"kZ osnO;klth dgrs gS %
Page 170
loZ rhFkZe;h ekrk loZnsoe;% firkA

ekrja firaj rLekr~ loZ;Rusu iwt;srAA7
blh izdkj euq ds }kjk thou ewY;ksa ds vk/kkj ij nl y{k.k crk;s x, gS
%
/k`r% {kek n;kLrs;a 'kkSpfeUnz; fuxzg%A
/khfoZ/kk lR;e dozks/kksa n'kea /keZ y{k.ke~AA8
/kS;Z] {kek] nq"izo`fk;ksa dk neu] vpkS;Z] 'kq)rk] bfUnz;la;e] cqf)] fo|k] lR; rFkk
vks/k ;s /keZ ds nl y{k.k gSA vr% bu xq.kksa ds vk/kkj ij O;fDr lqlaLd`r gks ldrk
gSA
6
jktk ds dkZO; %
jktk ds dkZO;ksa ds ckjs esa fo'ks"k :Ik ls bafxr fd;k x;k gSA
JhenHkkxor~ egkiqjk.k ds ,dkn'k LdU/k esa jktk ds fo"k; esa dgk tkrk gS %
lokZ% leq)jsn jktk firso O;lukr~iztk%A
vkReuekReuk /khjks rFkk xtifrxZtku~A9
vFkkZr~ jktk dks viuh iztk gsrq firk ds leku ikyd n`f"V j[kuh pkfg;sA tSls
xtjkt nwljs xtksa dh j{kk djrk gSA oSls gh jktk dks iztk dh j{kk djuh pkfg;sA
oLrqr% ijksidkj dh Hkkouk j[kuk gh ekuo ek= dk /keZ gSA ;gh iqjk.kksa ds
ek/;e ls leLr ekuotkfr gsrq lans'k gSA
v"Vkn'k iqjk.ks"kq O;klL; opu};e~
ijksidkj% iq.;k; ikik; ijihMue~A
Hkkjrh; 'kkL=ks esa of.kZr
f'k{kk orZeku dkO; esa uSfrd f'k{kk dh vko';drk ij cy nsrh gSA uSfrd f'k{kk
dh vko';drk ij cy nsrh gSA uSfrd f'k{kk ,d O;fDr dk ugh vfirq leLr lekt
dk /keZ gSA iqjk.kksa ds vkn'kZ pfj= vkt Hkh mrus gh izklafxd gS ftruk fd l`f"V ds
izkjaHk es FksA Hkkjrh; n'kZd ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk ugha vfirq ekuoh; fopkj/kkjk ij vkfJr
gS %
v;a fut% ijksusfr x.kuk y?kqpsrlke~
mnkj pfjrkuka rq olq/kSo dqVqEcde~
Page 171
ewY;ijd f'k{kk vkSj Ik;kZoj.k tkx:drk

MkW- Jherh lhek 'kekZ
izk/;k- vaxzsth
'kkl- laLd`r egk- mTtSu
MkW- vkHkk frokjh
lgk;d izk/;k- jktuhfr foKku
'kkl- egk- ihify;keaMh
orZeku ;qx esa ewY;ijd f'k{kk dh vko';drk dk egRo blfy;s gS pwfd f'k{kk
a;ksxnku ckgjh fodkl esa vf/kd gksrk gS] vkarfjd esa ughA f'k{kk dk ewy mn~ns'; gS
O;fDrRo fodkl % ckgkz ,oa vkarfjdA vkarfjd fodkl & vk/;kfRed fodkl dk {ks=
v/kwjk NwVus dh otg ls uSfrd f'k{kk vFkok ewY;ijd f'k{kk dh vko';drk eglwl
gqbZA uSfrd f'k{kk dk dk;Z flQZ fl)karks dks ikB~;e esa lfEefyr djuk gh ugha vfirq
O;ogkfjd thou dh leL;kvks dks gy djus essa gekjs ewY;ksa dk egRo n'kkZuk Hkh gSA
Lokeh foosdkuUn us dgk gS %
What is education ? It is book learning ? No Is it diverse Knowledge ? Not
even that the training by which the current and expression of will are brought under
control and become fruitful is alled eduation ____Again can that be called society
which is formed by an aggregate of run who are like lumps of clay, like lifeless
machines, like leeped up pebbles ? How can such society farewell ?1
vFkkZr~ f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; dsoy Kku izkIr e'khuksa dk fuekZ.k ugha] feV~Vh dh
rjg cstku euq";ksa dk fuekZ.k ugha vfirq thou ls ejs euq";ksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA
Page 172
lfn;ks dh xqykeh >syrs ge ;g Hkwyrh tc fd gekjs vius ewY; gS ftuesa thou dks
lkFkZd cukus ds lw= gSaA vkidh Toyau leL;k Ik;kZoj.k tkx:drk ds {ks= esa gekjs
thou ewY;ksa dh f'k{kk dh vge Hkwfedk gks ldrh gSA ;gh dsUnz esa j[kdj uSfrd f'k{kk
dks ikB~;e esa LFkku fn;k x;k gSA dgk x;k gS 'kkL=ks esa % &
ekrk Hkwfe% iq=ks vga i`fFkO;k%A2
f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izd`fr ds nwj djuk ugha vfirq izd`fr dk
,d vfHkUu vax cukuk gSaA gekjh izkphu laLd`fr ,oa laLdkj tgk o`{k] unh] igkM+]
>jus i{kh Hkh thou esa euq"; ds leku gh egRo j[krs gSaA unh ,oa o`{k dks nsoh nsork
ekudj iwtuk Hkh izd`fr laj{k.k ds varxZr vkrk gS %&
v'oRFkesda fppqUnesda U;kxzks/kesdan'k fpfPPkoku~A
dfiRFkfoYokeydh=;a p iPpkejksih ujda u i';srAA3
,d ihiy] ,d uhe] ,d cM+] nl fppM+k] rhu dSFk] rhu vkoys vkSj
ikp vke ds o`{k yxkus okyk dHkh ujd dk eqg ugha ns[krkA
Ikzkphu Hkkjr laLd`fr ij vk/kkfjr bu o`{kksa dks jksius ds ihNs foKku ;g
gS fd ;s gh o`{k gSa tks vf/kd ek=k esa vkDlhtu iznku djrs gSa o budh iwtk gksus ds
dkj.k bUgsa dkVuk Hkh oftZr FkkA o`{kksa ls tqM+s mRlo tSls gfj;kyh vekol] vkoyk
uoeh oVlkfo=h] lkou osly
w s] dkfrZd Luku nku] rqylh iwtk dk fo/kku bUgha o`{kksa dks
i`Foh ij thou cuk, j[kus gsrq thfor j[kuk gSA
ewY;ijd f'k{kk esa Ik;kZoj.k lapsruk gsrq ;qok oxZ dks tkx:d cukus dk
egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k tk ldrk gSA fuEu rF;ksa ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gS %&
Page 173
orZeku f'k{kk ,oa ih<+h + varjky %

;g gesa /;ku nsuk gksxk fd dgha orZeku f'k{kk cPpksa ,oa ekrk&firk ds
chp vlEeku dh Hkkouk rks ugha iuik jghA pwfd fiNyh ih<+h izd`fr ds laj{k.k gsrq
jhfr fjoktksa dk ikyk tkrh gS fdarq uohu ih<+h bls gkL; dk fo"k; ekurh gS Lokeh
foosdkuUn us ;g iz'u mBk;k Fkk %
The child is taken to school, and the first thing he learns is that his father is a
fool, the second thing that his grandfather is lunatic, the third thing that all his teachers
are hypocrites, the fourth that all scared books are lies.
Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk %

Ikzd`fr laj{k.k esa dk;Z djus gsrq Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ gSA
;qok ih<+h dks fn'kk iznku djus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgsxkA ,slh gh ,d
Lo;alos h laLFkk gS %
:ikarj.k Jh jktho ikgokth ds funsZ'ku esa bl laLFkk }kjk mTtSu ds
;qok dks tkx`r fd;k tk jgk gSA LoPNrk vfHk;ku] o`{kkjksi.k] jSyh bR;kfn ds
ek/;e ls ;g dk;Z q;qok ih<+h dks lkFk esa ysdj fd;k tk jgk gSA ,sls Hkj iz;ksx
,oa ;qok oxZ dks fn'kkn'kZu LoPN Hkkjr gfjr Hkkjr dh vksj vewY; dne gSA
E mail Sharma.sima23@gmail.com
Page 174
Hkkjr esa tyok;q ifjoZru ij jk"Vh; dk;Z;kstuk

MkW- lat; flag
vfrfFk fo}ku lekt'kkL=
'kkldh; dU;k LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky;] mTtSu
Xykscy okfeZx vkt fo'o dh lcls cM+h leL;k cu pqdh gS blls u dsoy O;fDr cfYd
/kjrh ij vkokflr gj k.kh ijs'kku gS] D;ksafd bl lnh dh 'kq:vkr gh Xykscy okfeZax ds xEHkhj
ifj.kkeksa ls xqtj jgh gSA fiNyh lnh esa tgk o"kZ 1998 lnh dk lcls xeZ o"kZ fl) gqvk] rks o"kZ
2014 rki ds vfHkys[kh; bfrgkl esa vc rd ds lcls xeZ o"kZ ds :i esa ntZ gks pqdk gSA
tyok;q ifjoZru rFkk rkieku o`f) dk knsf'kd ,oa {ks=h; Lrj ij frdwy Hkko iM+rk gSA
Hkkjr ds Hkkjrh; ekSle laLFkku ds oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj 21 oha 'krkCnh ds vUr rd Hkkjr ds dqN
{ks=ksa ds rkieku esa 50c rd o`f) gks ldrh gSA blls Hkkjr esa fuEufyf[kr frdwy Hkko iM+ ldrs
gS &
1 fgeunksa dk fi?kyuk
2 ekSle dh vfuf'prk
3 lw[kk ,oa ck<+ dh ckjEckjrk
4 fupys }hi leqg dk lkxjksa esa Mwcuk
5 m".kdfVcU/kh; pokr dh ckjEckjrk
6 tSfod fofo/krk ,oa gkWV&LikWV dh la[;k esa o`f)
7 f"k ,oa ouLifr;ksa ij frdwy Hkko
ds
1
2
3
tyok;q ifjorZu ij Hkkjr dh jk"Vh; dk;Z;kstuk & tyok;q ifjoZru ds Hkkoksa ls fuiVus
fy, Hkkjr ljdkj us rhu n`f"Vdks.kksa ij dk;Z dj jgh gSA
vUrZjk"Vh; cgl
jk"Vh; dk;Z;kstuk dk f;kUo;u
tyok;q ifjorZu ij vuqlU/kku
vUrZjk"Vh; cgl & fnlEcj 2015 esa isfjl esa vk;ksftr COP- 21 tyok;q ifjorZu lEesyu esa
Hkkjr us fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa ds le{k vius :[k dks cyrk ds lkFk j[kk gSA ftlesa dkcZu
mRltZu dh dVkSrh ij cy fn;k gSA lu~ 2030 rd Hkkjr us ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh fr bdkbZ
dkcZu mRltZu dh rzhork dks 35 fr'kr rd de djus dk y{; j[kk gS lkFk gh xSj ijEijkxr
tkZ dks lu~ 2022 rd nqxuk djuk gSA ftlds rgr lkSj ikdZ dk fuekZ.k] vYVkesxk lkSyj ikWoj
Iyk.V dh LFkkiuk] lkSj 'kgjksa dk fuekZ.k] iou tkZ dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk vkfn ij cy fn;k gSA
jk"Vh; dk;Z;kstuk dk f;kUo;u & Hkkjr us fodkl dh i;kZo.kh; /kkj.kh;rk c<+kus ds fy,
tyok;q ifjorZu ij ,d jk"Vh; dk;Z;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk 30 twu 2008 dks dh xbZ FkhA ftlds rgr
vkB jk"Vh; fe'ku 'kq: fd, x, gSaA ftlesa jk"Vh; lkSj fe'ku] jk"Vh; laof/kZr tkZ n{krk fe'ku]
jk"Vh; lrr~ i;kZokl fe'ku] jk"Vh; ty fe'ku] jk"Vh; fgeky;hu ifj.kkyh ifjj{k.k fe'ku]
jk"Vh; gfjr Hkkjr fe'ku] jk"Vh; lrr~ f"k fe'ku rFkk jk"Vh; tyok;q ifjorZu ij j.kuhfrd Kku
fe'ku vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
Page 175
tyok;q ifjorZu ij vuqlU/kku & mi;qZDr fe'ku dks f;kfUor djus ds fy, fuf'pr :i ls 'kks/k
,oa rduhfd fodkl dh vko';drk gksrh gS blds fy, Hkkjr dks oSf'od leqnk; ds lkFk dk;Z
djus ij cy nsrk gS vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ls lEcfU/kr laLFkkuksa ,oa fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds usVodZ rFkk
tyok;q 'kks/k dks"k }kjk lefFkZr 'kks/k rU= dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gS lkFk gh vuqdwyu ,oa
U;wuhdj.k gsrq uohu rduhfd fodkl ds fy, futh {ks= ds mieksa dks gh ksRlkfgr dj jgk gS
lkFk gh tyok;q ifjorZu dh pqukSfr;ks]a lkekftd] vkfFkZd Hkkoksa lfgr LokLF; tulkaf[;dh; ,oa
okl isVZu ds Hkko vkfn ij uSfrd Kku dks Hkh c<+k fn;k tk jgk gSA
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph %&
1 fr;ksfxrk niZ.k] vSy 2016
2 lkekU; v/;;u Access Publishing India Pvt. Ltd. 2014
3 ;kstuk ,oa dq:{ks= lkj.k ea=ky; Hkkjr ljdkj
Page 176
bZ&dpjk ,oa bldk izcU/ku

1-MkW- vferk fla?ky] izk/;kid]jlk;u] kkldh; dkfynkl dU;k egkfo|ky; mTtSu
2-MkW- fnus'k dqekj fla?ky] izk/;kid okf.kT;] 'kkldh; dkfynkl dU;k egkfo|ky;] mTtSu
foo esa yxHkx 40 fefy;u Vu ls T;knk bysDVkWfud dpjk mRiUu gksrk gSA ftlesa izeq[k gS
iqjkus LekVZ Qksu] dEI;wVj] Vh-oh-] ysiVkWi] iqjkus] [kjkc gq, jlksbZ esa mi;ksx fd;s tkus okys
midj.k bR;kfn A ;wukbVsM us'ku ,Uok;jesVa izksxzke UNEP ls izkIr fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj iwjh nqfu;k
dk ;g bZ&dpjk xSj dkuwuh rjhds ls ,f'k;k ,oa vhdk ds dqN ns'kksa esa cspk tkrk gSA
yxHkx 19 fcfy;u MWkyj dk bZ&dpjs dk dkjksckj ftlesa nqfu;k dk 90% dpjk ;wjksi]
;wukbVsM LVsV~l ,oa tkiku }kjk mRiUu fd;k tkrk gS tgktksa }kjk phu] Hkkjr] eysf'k;k ,oa
ikfdLrku ukbehfj;k igqpk fn;k tkrk gS tgk mls ,sls gh [kqys eSnkuksa esa QSad MEi fn;k tkrk
gSA buds izlaLdj.k] fuiVkus dh lqjf{kr rduhdh ds vHkko esa ;g bZ&dpjk LokLF; ds fy;s
gkfudkjd fl) gks jgk gSA UNEP dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ,f'k;k ds ns'kksa esa bZ&dpjs dks ,DliksVZ
djuk vU; ns'kksa dh vis{kk 10 xquk lLrk gSA
Hkkjr ;wjksfi;u bZ&dpjs dks Qsd
a us dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ns'k cu pqdk gSA bl dpjs esa vk/kqfud
,oa bysDVkWfud midj.k] /kkrq;]sa oL= ,oa Vk;lZ Hkh gksrs gSA dpjs dk izcU/ku djus okykas ds fy;s
;g dpjk pqukSrh cu pqdk gSA
ijUrq Hkkjr esa ftrus bZ&dpjs dk fuiVkjk fd;k tkrk gS mldk 70% Hkkx nwljs ns'kksa ls
vkrk gS vr% bZ&dpjs dk izca/ku Hkkjr ,oa Hkkjr dh ljdkjh ,tsfa l;ksa ds fy;s izeq[k pqukSrh cu
x;k gSA Hkkjr esa bZ&dpjs ds izca/ku ds fy;s dksbZ ljdkjh ,tsUlh ugha gSa tks bldks fMLikst djs ;k
fjlkbfdy djrh gSA vr% ;g {ks= xSj ljdkjh ra=@m|fe;ksa ds ikl gSA bZ&dpjs ls gksus okys
[krjksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq;s bZ&dpjs ds laxzg.k] izca/ku o izlaLdj.k ds fy;s izf'kf{kr dkexkjksa dh
vko';drk iM+rh gSA ftUgsa buds [krjksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s rS;kj fd;k tk;s ,oa mUgas LokLF; laca/kh
[krjksa dh tkudkjh iznku dh tk;sA bl dk;Z eas uxjikfydkvksa ,oa uxjfuxeksa dh enn yh tk
ldrh gSA
Page 177
^îzfr dk vuqie migkj gS**- 'kkor ;kSfxd [ksrh
MkW- lqjsUnz dqekj xkSM+
okf.kT; ladk;] kkldh; egkfo|ky;] cM+uxj e-iz- 45500
eukst dqekj fllksfn;k
ouLifr 'kkL= foHkkx 'kkldh; egkfo|ky;] cM+uxj (e-iz-
Email- msbotany.1306@rediffmail.com
Mob 99406880806
lkjka'k
^îzfr ds fu;e izek.k pykdj] foKku ds vk/kkj ls] izfr ds ikpksa rRoksa lfgr] loZ
tho&tUrqvksa] i'kq&iaNh] tehu] cht] o`{k ouLifr;ksa ls Lusg vkSj izse dk fj'rk tksM+dj] lHkh
'kfDr;ksa ds izdia u ds lg;ksx ls f"k djus ls ikS/kksa ij vuqdwy izHkko iM+us ls mRiknu esa o`f)
gksrh gSA bl fl)kUr dks /;ku esa j[kdj 'kk'or ;kSfxd [ksrh fodflr gks jgh gSA bl izdkj dh
[ksrh fuEu pj.kksa esa iw.kZ gksrh gS &loZizFke 'kq) izkfrd izdEiu iznk; djus gsrq 20 feuV ikp
rRoks]a lw;Z] pU] xzgksa ,oa rkjs dk eu gh eu eas euu fd;k tkrk gS] eu gh eu muls ckr djrs gSa
fd vkt rd geus vkidks tks Hkh d"V fn;s gSa] bl gsrq ge ekQh ekaxrs gSa vkSj vkxs ls vkids
fu;eksa esa dksbZ ck/kk ugha igqapk;sxaAs bl Hkkouk ls izfr lrksiz/kku] lq[knkbZ curh gS vkSj ge mlls
lg;ksx izkIr djrs gSaA blds i'pkr~ ftl tehu esa Qly ysuh gS mldks izkr% 10 feuV rd izk
frd izdEiu nsus ls ykHknk;d thok.kq dh dk;Z{kerk esa o`f) gksrh gSA blds mijkUr izk frd
'kfDr;ksa dk vkOgku djrs gq, chtjksi.k fd;k tkrk gS blls cht ds vUnj dh mtkZ dk;Z{kerk esa
o`f) gksrh gS D;ksafd gekjs Js"B vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh fopkj cht dks izsfjr djrs gSa fQj blesa lsfU;
tSfod [kkn dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS tks Qly ds fy;s ykHkdkjh thok.kq dh la[;k esa xq.kkRed
o`f) djrs gSaA vkSj vUrr% Qly ij dhVuk'kd] nokbZ dk fNM+dko djus ls iwoZ izkfrd 'kfDRk;ksa
dks 'kq) Hkkouk ls ;kn djus ls peRdkjh ifj.kke izkIr gksrs gSaA bl 'kk'or ;kSfxd f"k [ksrh dk
loZJs"B O;ogkfjd mnkgj.k gS&egkjk"V esa lkaxyh ftys ds dsoBsfjiku uked xkoA bl xko esa
fdlku 'kadjnkw ekyh dh [ksrhA bl fdlku us 'kk'or ;kSfxd [ksrh dh lgk;rk ls mRiknu ysuk
'kq: fd;kA bUgsa iwoZ esa ,d ,dM+ esa xUUks dk mRiknu 12&15 Vu] lks;kchu 7&8 fDoaVy] xsgw 4
fDoaVy] Tokj 5 fDoaVy feyrk Fkk ijUrq orZeku esa 'kk'or ;kSfxd [ksrh djus ij bls ,d ,dM+ esa
30&35 Vu xUuk] 14 fDoaVy lks;kchu] 12 fDoVay xsgw] 11 fDoaVy Tokj dk mRiknu izkIr gks jgk
gSA tks Hkwfe vuqi;ksxh Fkh ogk vkt Qly] o`{k] izkfrd ikS/kksa dk ?kj cu x;k tgk fofHkUu tho
tUrq vkdj izkfrd lkSan;Z ,oa lq[ke; thou O;rhr dj jgs gSaA ;g izR;{k izek.k ns[k bl xko ds
gh yxHkx 20&25 fdlku ifjokj us bl [ksrh dks viukdj [ksrh djuk izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA Hkkoh
Hkfo"; esa 'kk'or ;kSfxd [ksrh ekuo lekt ds dY;k.k esa ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gksxh lkFk gh
i;kZoj.kh; iznw"k.k ls foeqfDRk gsrq ,d uohu jf'e lkfcr gksxhA ,slk gekjk fo'okl gS vko';drk gS
dsoy bldks c<+kok nsus dhA
eq[; va'k : kkor ;kSfxd [ksrh] lrksiz/kku] peRdkjh ifj.kke] 'kfDr'kkyh
fopkj] dk;Z{kerk
Page 178
Tky laj{k.k ,oa fuoZguh; mi;ksx esa O;fDr dh Hkwfedk

fLerk lq[kooky
kks/kkFkhZ
foe foofo|ky;] mTtSu
E-mail: smitaderashree@gmail.com
lkjkak
thou ds fy, ty fdruk vf/kd egRo j[krk gS ;g blh ckr ls irk pyrk gS fd gekjs
kjhj dk vf/kdrj Hkkx Hkh ty gh gSA ysfdu bruk vf/kd egRo j[kus okys ikuh ds izfr gekjk
n`fVdks.k csgn lk/kkj.k vkSj xSj&ftEesnkjkuk gSA vkt ge ihus dk ikuh] diMs+ /kksus] Hkkstu idkus]
eosfk;ksa dks fiykus vkSj [ksrksa dh flapkbZ] m|ksxksa eas vkfn dbZ dk;ksZa ds fy, ty ij fuHkZj gSA fQj
Hkh lalkj rkts ty dh lhfer ek=k ij gh py jgk gSA i`Foh dh lrg 70 izfrkr Hkkx ty gh gS
ij mldk 3 izfrkr ek= gh rktk ty gS mldk Hkh dqN izfrkr HkkXk dk gh okLro esa mi;ksx
fd;k tk ldrk gSA nqfu;k dh vkcknh ds c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk rkts ty dh lhfer ek=k ij Hkkjh
ncko c<+ jgk gS fQj Hkh ty dk vfr&mi;ksx ,oa vuqfpr mi;ksx ,oa vR;f/kd ty dh cckZnh dh
tk jgh gSA vkt ty lalk/kuksa dh lhfer ek=k ds dkj.k ty dk laj{k.k ,oa fuoZguh; mi;ksx
vfr vko;d gks x;k gSA ty lalk/kuksa ds lexz izca/k ij fopkj djuk bl lnh esa nqfu;k ds
lkeus ekStnw lcls cM+h pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d gSA vr% ty ds fuoZguh; mi;ksx ds fy, O;fDr;ksa ,oa
turk }kjk okkZ ty dk lap;] ty foHkktd izca/k] ty laj{k.k] tu tkx:drk] d`fk esa ty
laj{k.k ds mik; tSls fMi flapkbZ] e`nk dk izca/k] NksVs tyxzg.k lk/kuksa dk fodkl vkSj oujksi.k]
uxjikfyd {ks=ksa ds xans ty dk kqf)dj.k vkSj iquZpkyu vkfn ,oa ty iznwk.k fujks/k ,oa fu;a=.k
vf/kfu;e dk l[rh ls ikyu vkfn rduhd dks viukdj ty ds vfrkksk.k dks de ,oa ty ds
fuoZguh; mi;ksx esa o`f) dh tk ldrh gSA
eq[; kCn & laj{k.k] fuoZguh;] izca/k] lalk/ku] lap;] flapkbZA
Page 179
i;kZoj.k esa tyizcU/ku dk ego

fiz;adk f=ikBh1, mes'k dqekj2
1
'kks/k Nk=k Okf.kT; foHkkx] foe fo'ofo|ky; mTtSu] e/; izns'k
2
vfLkLVsVa izkQ
s l
s j, Lokeh J)kuan dkWyst fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;
lkjkaf'kdk
izkphu Hkkjr vkSj vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa ^ty ladV* dks le>us ds fy, bldk ijh{k.k djuk
t:jh gS fd fdl izdkj vkjfEHkd lekt vius ifjos'k vkSj okrkoj.k eas jgrk gS mudk okrkoj.k ds
izfr #fp fo'ks"kdj ty dh tkudkjh dk Lrj dSlk Fkk\ ekuoh; xfrfof/k;ksa ,oa izd`fr ds ohp
LoLFk lUrqyu cukus ds fy, dkSu ls iz;Ru fd,\
izkphu vkSj vk/kqfud izd`fr vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ds pfj= vkSj vkdkj esa fofo/krk gS fQj Hkh bl
ckr ls vlger ugha gks ldrs fd iqjkus O;ogkj ls ge dqN izsj.kk izkIr dj ldrs gaS] vkSj ge
okrkoj.k ds izfr vk/kqfud lkewfgd vlko/kkuh vkSj xSj ftEesnkjh dks de dj ldrs gSaA
orZeku esa ^ty ladV* esa ;ksxnku nsus okys fuEu dkjd ekStwn gSa & tula[;k eas o`f)]
vfu;ksftr vkS|ksxhdj.k] 'kgjh fodkl ds lUnHkZ esa fo'ys"k.k djuk pkfg, fd fdl izdkj vrhr esa
bu dkjdksa us de leL;k,as iSnk djrs gq, viuk lkeatL; cuk, j[kkA
izLrqr 'kks/ki= esa v/kksfyf[kr fcUnqvksa ij lfoLrj fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk,xk&
1-
jsu okVj gkosZfLVax*
2-
o"kkZ ty laj{k.k ds ijEijkxr lzks=
3-
ikuh ds ijEijkxr lzk=

s
4-
ty iznw"k.k vkSj cckZnh
5-
fu"d"kZ
Page 180
izkfrd lalk/kuksa ds mi;ksx dh /kkj.kh; ;qfDr % thou 'kSyh esa cnyko
Jherh izhfr xqIrk]
gupta.ujn@gmail.com
lgk;d izk/;kid x`g foKku] 'kk- dkfynkl dU;k egkfo|ky;] mTtSu
lkjka'k
ekuo thou dk vk/kkj izkfrd lalk/ku gSa vkSj ;s izkfrd lalk/ku Hkh vius nh?kZthou ds
fy, ekuoh; xfrfof/k;ksa ij fuHkZj gSaA vkt mudk mi;ksx vFkkZr nksgu] mudh izkfrd iqu%iwfrZ dh
xfr ls dkQh vf/kd gSA blfy, vkt /kkj.kh; fodkl dh ladYiuk dk fopkj vk;k fd izkfrd
lalk/ku dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ,slk fodkl fd;k tk, tks Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa dh vko';drk dh iwfrZ
dh ;ksX;rk ds lkFk le>kSrk fd, fcuk orZeku vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djrk gksA ,sls fodkl dh
,d ;qfDr gS Lo;a dk ladYi % thou 'kSyh esa cnykoA izkfrd lalk/kuksa dh /kkj.kh; {kerk ds fy,
NksVk&lk gh lgh ij viuk ,d iz;kl ?kjsyq Lrj ls] Lo;a ls gh izkjEHk djsAa ,d lefUor uhfr dk
mi;ksx dj ge ty laj{k.k ds fy, mfpr dne mBk ldrs gSaA laf{kIr esa bldk lw= gS % fjM~;wl]
fj;wt] fjpktZA ty lalk/ku ds leku gh [kk| lalk/ku dh cckZnh dks Hkh jksduk gksxkA vktdy
[kk| lkexzh dks mlds mRiknu esa [kius okys ikuh ds utfj;s ls ns[kk tk jgk gSA bls opqZvy
okVj ;k vkHkklh ty [kir dgk tkrk gSA tc ge ,d di dkQh ih jgs gksrs gSa rks ,d rjg ls
140 yhVj ikuh dh [kir Hkh djrs gSaA Hkkstu dh cckZnh eryc [kk| lkexzh ds lkFk&lkFk blds
mRiknu esa yxh ikuh] tkZ dh ek=k dh Hkh cckZnh gSA ekalkgkj ds LFkku ij 'kkdkgkj viukuk
gksxkA ,d HkSal dks LykVj gkml Hkstus ls igys ftrus ewY; dk pkjk f[kyk;k tkrk gS mlls
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa nl yksx [kkuk [kk ldrs gSa vkSj mldh ijofj'k esa gtkjksa yhVj ikuh Hkh yxrk
gSA vkt jlksbZ ?kjksa esa ,y-ih-th- gh lokZf/kd izpyu esa gSA mlds mi;ksx dk lgh rjhdk mldh
[kir esa deh dj ldrk gSA eku yhft, vkidk xSl flys.Mj 30 fnu esa [kRe gksrk gS] vxj bu
lq>koksa ij vey fd;k tk, rks vkidk flys.Mj 7 fnu T;knk pysxkA eryc 1 o"kZ esa vc 12 dh
txg 9 flys.Mj dh [kir vkSj 3 flys.Mj dh cpr Hkfo"; ds fy,A orZeku le; dh vko';drk
dks ns[krs gq, viuh ^^thou chek ikWfylh** ds lkFk&lkFk ^îzkfrd lalk/ku chek ikWfylh** esa Hkh
fuos'k djuk gksxkA viuh thou 'kSyh esa cnyko] izkfrd lalk/kuksa ds U;wure mi;ksx] ckjEckj
iz;ksx dj mi;ksfxrk c<+kus] miHkksDrkokn ls ijgst djus ,oa fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk esa ifjorZu dk
ladYi ysdj mldks f;kfUor dj gh izkfrd lalk/kuksa dks Hkfo"; ds fy, cpk;k tk ldrk gSA
^^flQZ dgus ls dqN ugha gksxk] FkksM+k djks rks dqN gksxkA**
'kCn daqath & izkfrd lalk/ku] U;wure mi;ksx] thou 'kSyh esa cnyko] izkfrd lalk/ku chek
ikWfylhA
Page 181
ikfjfLFkfrdh n'kZu ,oa mldk ewY;cks/k

lUnhi dqekj
'kks/kkFkhZ] n'kZu'kkL= foHkkx
MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;]
lkxj e-iz-
ikfjfLFkfrdh n'kZu] ikfjfLFkfrdh; leL;kvksa ds ewy dkj.kksa ,oa blds vkewy lek/kku dh
xgu [kkst gSA bldh 'kq:vkr 1970 ds n'kd esa ukosZ ds nk'kZfud ^^vkusZ usl** ds xgu
ikfjfLFkfrdh; vkanksyu dh 'kq:vkr ds lkFk ekuh tkrh gSA ikfjfLFkfrdh n'kZu dk vFkZ le>us ds
fy, i;kZoj.k n'kZu ls blds foHksn dks Li"V djuk vko';d gSA
i;kZoj.k dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS & ifj $ vkoj.k ;k vkl&ikl dk vkoj.k ;k ifjos'k nwljs
'kCnksa esa euq"; ds vklikl dk vkoj.kA bl izdkj i;kZoj.k n'kZu esa euq"; dks dsUnz esa j[kdj
mlds vkl&ikl ds HkkSfrd vkoj.k esa vlarqyu dks nwj djus ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA vr% ;g
ekuo dsfUnzr n'kZu gSA
ikfjfLFkfrdh dk rkRi;Z fdlh izk.kh ds lEiw.kZ tho&txr~ ds lkFk laca/k ls gSA ;gk dsUnz esa
euq"; ugha gS] vfirq lEiw.kZ ikfjfLFkfrdh dks leku egRo fn;k tkrk gSA ekuo blh ikfjfLFkfrdh
dk ,d vo;o ek= gSA
i;kZoj.k n'kZu es]a ftls vkusZ usl us ^^lrgh i;kZoj.kokn** dgk] i;kZoj.k leL;k dk lek/kku
if'peh n'kZu ds vk/kkjHkwr nk'kZfud oSpkfjd <+kps esa jgdj gh] i;kZoj.k esa <w<+us dk iz;kl fd;k
tkrk gSA tcfd ikfjfLFkfrdh n'kZu esa lHkh iwoZ/kkj.kkvksa ,oa iwoZ ds n'kZu ij gh xgu fopkj djus
dk n`f"Vdks.k gksrk gSA igys esa i;kZoj.k dsUnz esa gSa] nwljs esa n'kZu dsUnz esa gSA n`f"Vdks.k ;g gS fd
ikfjfLFkfrdh; leL;k dk dkj.k euq"; dh thou&i)fr gS vkSj thou i)fr n'kZu ls gh fu/kkZfjr
gksrh gSA
Page 182
Page 183

Environ - 2016

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Environ - 2016

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Strategies for Sustainable Use of Land, Water,

Air, Agriculture and Energy Resources

Prof. Usha Shrivastav

Shri Vijay Bhatkar

Shri Kavindra Kiyawat

1. Prof. N. K. Dar Rtd Additional Director DHE, Indore

Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)

Our College: Local organizing committee

Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)

Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)

(Prof. Mahesh Sharma)

Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)

Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)

3. Pre - Inaugural session

: 10.00 AM- 11.30 AM

7. Technical Session 1 (Hall)

8. Technical Session 2 (Botany Lab)

10. Technical Session 3 (Hall)

11. Technical Session 4 (Botany Lab)

2. Technical Session 5 (Hall)

3. Technical Session 6 (Botany Lab)

5. Technical session 7 (Hall)

6. Technical session 8 (Botany Lab)

10. Farewell of Guest after Tea

Dr. Harish Vyas

Dr. Mahesh Sharma

Title of Abstract and Author/s

Benthos as an best indicator tool of aquatic ecosystem -

Archna Akhand, Dr. Pratibha Akhand and Dr. Sharad Shrivastava

Climate change and its impact on aquatic biodiversiry -

Dr. Pratibha Akhand and Archna Akhand

Effect of spirulina (nutritional supplement) on rearing performance of eri

Induction of UV absorbing substances in Lawsonia alba in response to

Protozoan Diversity of Kshipra River with relation to pollution status and

Influence of organic and conventional management practices on soil

quality in tropical environment - Nisar A. Bhat, A. Riar, B. Sisodia, S.

Development of resistant uropathogen a major cause of increased urinary

Green Energy Clean energy Concept for Sustainability - Dr. Shobha

Isolation of endophytic fungi from Maize (Zea mays) seeds - Choudhary

Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)

Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Prospective candidates for

CAM plants as bio-indicators of Desertification in Malwa region of

Biofuels from Microalgae - Preeti Dass and Chitralekha Kadel

Organic farming and sustainable agriculture - Dr (Smt) Chhaya

Effect of organic and conventional farming on soil quality and crop

Loss of Biodiversity and Climate change - Ashwani Kumar Dubey and

Madhya Pradesh - Manisha Dubey

Comparative efficacy of Imazethapyr and 2,4-D on the germination

Low Cost Technology for removal of copper by Neurospora strains - Dr.

Plastic Waste Management with reference to Simhasth in Ujjain - Dr.

The Environmental Issues in English Literature - Dr. L. S. Gorasya

An overview of renewable energy potential in India R.K.GUJETIYA

Role of fungal biomass in hazardous Industrial Effluents - Reshu Gupta,

Effects of anthropogenic activities on the productivity of wetland - Parul

Govt. Kalidas Girls Lead College, Ujjain (M.P.)

Land degradation - Causes and Mitigation measures for Better

Concept Map of Pollution - Dr. Sanjay Jain

Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A tool for Plants Health check-up - Dr

Oxidative stress and antioxidants: An overview - Deepali Jat

Aeromycological study of Microbiology department of Vikram University

Solar Light mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waster Water

A case study of Human iron deficiency Anaemia in different age groups

Study of Neurospora mutants having defects in growth - Paridhi Singh

Detection of microbial contamination in milk and milk products with