PSY 200 Midterm Exam Study Guide

Question

Abraham Maslow was associated with which of the following

schools of psychology?

Answer

behaviorism
functionalism
structuralism
none of these choices

Question

According to Sigmund Freud, the unconscious:

Answer

is less important in understanding behavior than consciousness

can be accessed directly through conscious introspection
contains memories and urges that control behavior
does not exist

Question

B.F. Skinner is most clearly linked with:

Answer

the structuralist view in psychology

the behaviorist view in psychology
the psychoanalytic view in psychology
the nativist view in psychology

Question

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are most closely associated

with:

Answer

behavioral psychology
psychoanalysis

humanism
structuralism

Question

Gestalt psychologists would most likely agree with the:

Answer

philosophical position known as nativism

behavioral position on learning
philosophical position known as empiricism
psychoanalytic position on learning

Question

Immanuel Kant is most closely associated with which of the

following?

Answer

structuralism
empiricism
behaviorism
nativism

Question

John Watson felt that:

Answer

mental events cannot be publicly observed and fall outside the

domain of science
the goal of psychology should be to uncover basic elements
that made-up the mind
mental events can be observed and examine through
systematic introspection
the goal of psychology should be to uncover how people can
reach their full potential

Question

The goal in behaviorism is to:

Answer
discover how changes in the environment can lead to changes
in measurable behavior
understand immediate conscious experience by breaking it
down into basic elements
understand the purpose of immediate conscious experience
understand how memories and mental processes produce
problem behavior

Question

The goal in functionalism is to:

Answer
understand the purpose of immediate conscious experience
understand immediate conscious experience by breaking it
down into basic elements
discover how changes in the environment can lead to changes
in measurable behavior
understand how memories and mental processes produce
problem behavior

Question

The goal in structuralism is to:

Answer

understand the purpose of immediate conscious experience

understand immediate conscious experience by breaking it
down into basic elements
discover how changes in the environment can lead to changes
in measurable behavior
understand how memories and mental process produce
problem behavior

Question

The idea that psychological disorders are influenced by a

combination of biological, cognitive, and environmental factors

is called the:
Answer

bio-psycho-social perspective
neo-psychodynamic perspective
physio-cognitive-behavioral perspective
neo-humanistic perspective

Question

The anxiety disorder that causes people to restrict their

movements, so they typically avoid crowded or public places,
is:

Answer

generalized anxiety
phobic disorder
agoraphobia
obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question

The Big Five Theory of personality may prove useful in

accounting for the complexity of:

Answer

dissociative disorders
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
personality disorders

Question

Rose has anorexia nervosa and is slowly starving herself to

death. However, she claims that she feels fine, and she doesnt
understand why other people dont leave her alone. In this
example, Roses eating disorder would most likely be
considered:

Answer

emotionally disturbing and psychologically abnormal

emotionally disturbing but psychologically normal

dysfunctional and psychologically abnormal
dysfunctional but psychologically normal

Question

Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves:

Answer

excessive worrying that lasts for at least 6 months and that cannot
be attributed to any single identifiable source
recurrent attacks of extremely intense fear or dread
persistent and uncontrollable thoughts, accompanied by the
compelling need to perform repetitive acts
a highly focused, irrational fear of an object or situation

Question

Insanity is a:

Answer

psychological term
legal term
behavioral term
statistical term

Question

Answer

When something bad happens to a person prone to depression, he or

she is likely to explain it using external, unstable, specific
attributions.
Tru
e
Fals
e

Question

Answer

The delusions experienced by individuals with schizophrenia are

perceptions that are not based on any external stimulation.
True
False

Question

Answer

Many individuals who suffer from legitimate psychological problems

never violate laws or established standards of society.
True
False

Question

Answer

Delusions and hallucinations are two of the cognitive symptoms of

schizophrenia.
True
False

Question

Answer

Some forms of severe depression appear to be helped by REM sleep

deprivation, and some effective antidepressant drugs suppress REM
sleep as a side effect.
True
False

Question

Freuds term latent content refers to the symbols and events

experienced in a dram.
Answer

True
False

Question

Alcohol stimulates the release of dopamine, which acts as a natural

reinforcer and, at low doses, produces a general stimulatory effect.

Answer

True
False

Question

The prescription drug Valium is an example of a:

Answer

stimulant
narcotic
depressant
hallucinogen

Question

Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder in which a person:

Answer

has difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep

is excessively sleepy and often catnaps during the day
repeatedly stops breathing during sleep
wanders about while still sleeping

Question

Seven-year-old Florence awoke crying in the middle of the night.

Between sobs she told her parents that she dreamt six big dogs kept
chasing her and chasing her, but she couldnt get away from them.
She is afraid to go back to sleep because she thinks the dogs will
come back. It is very likely that Florence just experienced:

Answer

a night terror
a nightmare
an episode of sleep apnea
hypersomnia

Question

REM stands for:

Answer

Round Eye Movement

Rough Electrical Map
Rise Early More
Rapid Eye Movement

Question

Opiates are drugs that:

Answer

slow the ongoing activity of the central nervous system

increase central nervous system activity and enhance neural
transmission
bind to endorphin receptors and alleviate pain
produce fractured perceptions

Question

Nightmares are:

Answer

terrifying experiences that cause panic and sudden awakening from

non-REM sleep
the same as night terrors, but they occur in the elderly

sleep disturbances that cause breathing to stop momentarily several

times during the night
frightening and anxiety-arousing dreams that occur primarily during
the REM stage of sleep

Question

There is a clear parallel between the law of effect and observational

learning, the difference being that during observational learning:

Answer

the behavior of others is being reinforced or punished

ones own behavior is being reinforced or punished
there is no reinforcement or punishment occurring
reinforcement can occur, but not punishment

Question

Research has shown that the most effective classical conditioning

association will form when the unconditioned stimulus occurs:

Answer

just before the conditioned stimulus

soon after the unconditioned response
soon after the conditioned stimulus
just before the conditioned response

Question

Research on observational learning was conducted by which of the

following?

Answer

Ivan Pavlov
Robert Rescorla

Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner

Question

Pavlov was convinced that:

Answer

the conditioned stimulus acted as a kind of substitute for the

unconditioned stimulus
conditioning involved actively learning one event signaled another
the cognitive view of conditioning was the correct view
blocking was proof conditioning could be undone

Question

Operant conditioning is important because it is adaptive to:

Answer

be able to learn about consequences of behavior without direct

experience
learn to ignore events that are of little long-term significance
learn about the consequences of behavioral responses
learn what events in the environment signal

Question

Niko was hit by a line drive, and afterward he would duck whenever
he heard the crack of a bat hitting a baseball. After hearing that
sound many times without ever getting hit again by a ball, Niko no
longer ducks at the sound of a hit. This is best explained by:

Answer

spontaneous recovery
observational learning
extinction
conditioned inhibition

Question

We rely on simple learning processes such as habituation to help

conserve our limited resources.

Answer

True
False

Questi Research conducted by Pavlov provided evidence for

on
____________________ as a form of learning.

Question

Answer

Conditioned reinforcers are stimuli that can act like reinforcers even
though they may appear to have little or no direct value.
True
False

Question
Answer

By definition, learning is due to experience.

True
False

Question

Twelve-year-old Adam is trying to remember the capital of North

Carolina during a game of Where in the World? His mother tells
him to think of the letter R, and Adam quickly comes up with
Raleigh. Based on what is known about memory function, you should
conclude that Adams memory was assisted by:

Answer

the method of loci

an effective retrieval cue
transfer-appropriate processing
schema activation

Question

The theory that suggests that memories are forgotten or lost

spontaneously with the passage of time is referred to as:

Answer

repression theory
decay theory
the theory of motivated forgetting
memory savings theory

Question

The ability to perform higher-order cognitive tasks such as

reasoning, as well as scores on intelligence tests, has been related to
the:

Answer

processing of memories in the auditory rather than the visual areas

of the brain
ability to bypass short-term memory
duration of sensory memory
ability to keep multiple things available in short-term memory

Question

Parker is able to retain the information that he learned in his college

classes from one semester to the next. The main memory process
that accounts for the fact that Parker can hold information in his
memory for extended periods of time is:

Answer

storage
encoding
retrieval
association

Question

Fletcher took 4 years of German in high school. However, Fletcher

doesnt know anyone who speaks German, and he wont have any
chance to practice his vocabulary now that he has finished school.
Based on the results from Ebbinghaus studies, which investigated
the typical pattern of forgetting, if Fletchers memory for German

vocabulary is tested a number of times over the next few years, you
should predict that:
Answer

very few of the words will be forgotten early, but later on there will
be a rapid decline in the number of words he is able to accurately
recall
there will be a constant steady decline in the number of words he is
able to accurately recall
most of the words will be forgotten early, and there will continue to
be a slow decline in the number of words he is able to accurately
recall
most of the words will be forgotten early, but later there will be a
slow steady increase in the words he is able to accurately recall

Question

A patient with brain damage has lost the ability to process certain
geometrical shapes. According to the working memory model, the
patient probably has difficulty processing information in the:

Answer

visuospatial sketchpad
memory icon
phonological loop
central executive

Questi A(n) ____________________ is any mental trick that one can use to try to
on
improve memory.

Question

Answer

Both implicit and explicit memory are strongly influenced by retrieval

cues.
True

False

Question

Answer

Encoding strategies that help to improve conscious, willful

remembering also help when memory is tested using implicit tests.
True
False

Question

Answer

As a general rule, memory span is roughly equal to the amount of

material you can internally rehearse in about 20 milliseconds.
True
False