Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

CHAPTER 2: ELECTRICITY
7.1 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electric charge

Electric charge is the source of electrical force.

At the center of the atom is the nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons. Surrounding
the nucleus are particles called electrons.
There are two kind of electric charge, namely the positive charge and the negative charge.
Like charge repel each other.
Unlike charge attract each other.
A neutral body can be attracted by another body which has either positive or negative charge.

The SI unit of electric charge is Coulomb (C).

Example
Charge of 1 electron = -1.6 x 10-19C
Charge of 1 proton = +1.6 x 10-19C

Sum of Charge = number of charge particles charge of 1 particle

Q=ne

Example:
Find the charge of 2.5 10
of 1 electron is 1.6 10

electrons. ( Charge
)

Answer:
Number of electrons , n =2.5 10
Charge of 1 electron, e =1.6 10
=
= (2.5 10 )(1.6 10
= 4

Q2: The charge of an electron is 1.6

10
. How many electrons are there in -3
Coulomb of charge?

Q1: 1.25 10 electrons are added into an

object. Calculate the net charge of the object in the
unit of Coulomb. (Charge of 1 electron is 1.6
10
)

)
Q3: The charge of an electron is 1.6
10
. How many electrons are there in -0.6
Coulomb of charge?

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Van de Graaff

Van de Graaff generator is a device that produces and store electric charges at high voltage on
its dome.

When the motor of the Van de Graaff generator is switched on, it drives the rubber belt.

This causes the rubber belt to against the roller and hence becomes charged.

The charge is then carried by the moving belt up to the metal dome where it is
collected.

A large amount of charge is built up on the dome.

Positive charges are usually produced on the dome of the generator.

If the charged metal dome is connected to the earth via a galvanometer, the pointer deflects, indicating
that there is a flow of charges. This flow of charges is known as electric current.

Predict what will happen if a discharging metal sphere to the charged dome.

When the discharging metal sphere is

brought near the charged dome,
________________ occurs.

That is because of an electric current _________________

Predict what will happen if hair of a student is brought near to the charged dome.

The hair stand ______________, this is because of each strand of hair receives
________________ charges and ________________each other.

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

ElectricCurrent

The flow of electrical charges produces electric current.

The more charges that flow through a cross section within a given time, the larger is the
current.
Electric current is measure of how fast the charge flow through a cross section of a conductor. Is
also defined as the rate of flow of electrical charge.
In symbols, it is given as:
Where = Electric current
= Amount of charge flow
=
= Time taken

i.
ii.
iii.

The SI unit of charge is ________________

The SI unit of time is _______________
The SI unit of current is ______________ equivalent to ___________

Conventionally, the direction of the

electric current is taken to be the flow of
positive charge.
The electron flow is in the opposite
direction to that of the conventional
current.
In a circuit, current flow from the positive
terminal to the negative terminal.
In a circuit, electrons flow from the
negative terminal to the positive
terminal.
Q1: A charge of 300 C flow through a bulb in every
2 minutes. What is the electric current in the bulb?

Example:
5 C of charge flows through a wire in 10 s. What is
the current in the wire?
Answer:
Q = 5 C , t = 10 s

5
10
= 0.5
=

Q2: The current in a lamp is 0.2 A. Calculate the

amount of electric charge that passes through the
lamp in 1 hour.

Q3: If a current of 0.8 A flows in a wire, how many

electrons pass through the wire in one minute?
[The charge on an electron is 1.6 10 C]

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Q4: If 30 C of electric charge flows past a point in a

wire in 2 minutes, what is the current in the wire?

Q5: An electric oven has been switched on for 2

hours. Calculate the quantity of electric charges
passing through the circuit in this time if the current
is 0.5 A.

Q6: An electric current of 200 mA flows through a

resistor for 3 seconds, what is the:
i. Electric charge,
ii. The number of electrons which flow through the
resistor?

Q7: Current of 0.5A flowed through a bulb. How

many electrons had flowed through the bulb in 5
minute? (The charge of 1 electron is equal to 1.610-19 C)

Q8: The electrical current supplied by a battery in a

digital clock is 0.5 mA.
i. What is the quantity of charges that flow in half
an hour?
ii. Find the number of charges that flow through
the clock. [Charge on an electron is 1.6
10 C]

Q9: A bulb is connected to a battery. The rate of

charge flow passing through the bulb is 120 C per
minutes.
i. What is the current that flows in the circuit?
ii. If the battery can supply a current of 2.0 A for 1
hour, for how long can the battery supply a
continuous current of 4.0 A?

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

ElectricField

An electric field is a region in which an electric charge experiences a force.

An electric field can be represented by a number of lines, called electric lines of force or
electric field lines th a t indicate both the magnitude and direction of the field.
The principals involved in drawing electric field lines are:
i.
Electric field lines always extend from a positively-charged object to infinity, positively
charged object to a negatively-charged object, or from infinity to a negatively-charged
object.
ii.
Electric field lines never cross each other,
iii.
Electric field lines are closer in a stronger electric field.

To study the electric field and the effects of an electric field.

Apparatus&materials
Extra high tension (E.H.T) power supply (0 5 kV), petri dish, electrodes with different shapes (pointed
electrode and plane electrode), two metal plates, talcum powder, cooking oil, polystyrene ball coated
with conducting paint, thread and candle.
Method
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
2. Switch on the E.H.T. power supply and adjust the voltage
to 4 kV.
3. Observed the pattern formed by the talcum powder for
different types of electrodes.
Draw the pattern of the electric field lines.
Electric field around a positive charge

Electric field around a negative charge

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Electric field around a positive and negative charge

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Electric field around two negative charges

Electric field around two positive charges

Electric field around a negative charge and a positive charge plate

Electric field around a positive charge and a negatively charged plate

Electric field between two charged parallel plates

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Effect of an electric field on a polystyrene ball

Observation:

Explanation:
1. Place the polystyrene ball between the two
metal plates.
2. Switch on the E.H.T and displace the
polystyrene ball slightly so that it touches
one of the metal plates.

Effect of an electric field on a candle flame

Observation:

Explanation:
1. Switch of the E.H.T and replace the
polystyrene ball with a lighted candle.
2. Sketch the flame observed when the E.H.T.
is switched on.

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Potential and Potential Difference

When a battery is connected to a bulb in a circuit, it creates

electric field along the wires.
The positive terminal P is at a higher potential and the negative
terminal Q is at a lower potential.
The potential difference between the two terminals causes the
charges to flow across the bulb in the circuit and lights up the
bulb.
Work is done when electrical energy carried by the charges is
dissipated as heat and light energy after crossing the bulb.
The potential difference (p.d.) between two points is defined as the work done or the energy that
would be required to move one Coulomb of positive charge from 1 point in an electric field to
another point.
In mathematics:
=

The SI unit for potential difference is volt (V).

Q1: In a closed circuit, a 6 V battery is used to drive

40 C of electric charge through a light bulb. How
much work is done to drive the electric charge
through the bulb?

Q2: If 72 J of work has to be done to carry 6 C of

charge across two parallel metal plates, what is the
potential difference across the metal plates?

Q3: In a closed circuit, a 6 V battery is used to drive

40 C of electric charges through a light bulb. How
much work is done to drive the charges through the
bulb?

Q4: When a charged metal dome of a Van de Graaff

generator is discharged through a resistive wire, it is
found that 2C of charge passes through it and it
dissipates 12 000J of energy. What is the potential
difference across the wire?

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Device and Symbol

ammeter

Cells

voltmeter

connecting
wire

Switch
Constantan wire //
eureka wire

resistance

bulb

rheostat

The potential difference across two points in a circuit can be measured using a voltmeter. Voltmeters
must always be connected in parallel between the points concerned.
Ammeter measures current in amperes. Connected in series with a resistor or a device. Ammeter has a
low resistance so that its existence has little effect on the magnitude of current flowing.

To investigate the relationship between current and potential difference for an ohmic conductor

Figure (a) and figure (b) show two electrical circuits. Why do the ammeters show different readings? Why
do the bulbs light up with different intensity? Referring to the figure (a) and (b) complete the following table:
i.
Make one suitable inference.
ii.
State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated.
iii.
Design an experiment to investigate the hypothesis.
Inference
Hypothesis
Aim
Variables

Manipulated variable :
Responding variable :
Fixed variable :

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Apparatus /
Materials

Rheostat, constantan wire, switch, connecting wire, batteries, ammeter, voltmeter.

Method:

1. Turn on the switch and adjust the rheostat until the ammeter reads the current, I =
0.2 A.
2. Read the value of the potential difference, V, from the voltmeter. Record the readings.
3. Repeat the experiment for I = 0.3 A, 0.4 A, 0.5 A, 0.6 A Tabulate the data.
4. Plot a graph of V against I.

5. Repeat the experiment by replacing the constantan wire, which is ohmic conductor
with an electric bulb which is a non-ohmic conductor.
Sketch the graph V vs I and describe the shape of each graph.

hmic conductor

non-ohmic conductor

The relationship between current and potential difference

The greater the potential difference or voltage, the greater the current flow.
When the potential difference between two points in a circuit increases, the current flowing
through it increases.
When the potential difference (V) between the points decreases, the current (I) decreases.
The potential difference is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Ohms Law

The relationship between the current passing through 2 points in a conductor and the potential difference
between the 2 points is given by Ohm's law.
Ohms Law states that the current flowing in the metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference applied across its ends, provided that the physical conditions (such as temperature) are constant.
The constant is known as resistance, R of the conductor.
The resistance, R of a conductor is defined as the ratio of potential difference, V across the conductor to the
current, I flowing through it. Thus:
=

The SI unit of resistance is ohm ().

An ohmic conductor is one which obeys Ohms law, while a conductor which does not obey Ohms law is
known as non-ohmic conductor.

Factor affecting Resistance

1.
The resistance of a conductor is a measure of the ability of the conductor to resist the flow of an electric
current through it.
2.
From the formula V = IR, the current I is inversely proportional to the resistance, R.
3.
When the value of the resistance, R is large, the current, I flowing in the conductor is small.
4.
The factors affecting the resistance of a conductor are:

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Exercise:
1.

Tick () the correct answers

True
(a)

Unit of potential difference is J C-1

(b)

J C-1 volt, V

(c)

The potential difference between two points is 1 volt if 1 joule of work is

required to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to another.

(d)

2 volt is two joules of work done to move 2 coulomb of charge from one
to another in an electric field.

(e)

Potential difference Voltage

False

If a charge of 5.0 C flows through a wire

and the amount of electrical energy
converted into heat is 2.5 J. Calculate
the potential differences across the ends
of the wire.

A light bulb is switched on for a period of

time. In that period of time, 5 C of charges
passed through it and 25 J of electrical energy
is converted to light and heat energy. What is
the potential difference across the bulb?

The potential difference of 10 V is used to

operate an electric motor. How much work is
done in moving 3 C of electric charge through
the motor?

When the potential difference across a bulb

is 20 V, the current flow is 3 A. How much
work done to transform electrical energy to
light and heat energy in 50 s?

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

What is the potential difference across a light

bulb of resistance 5 when the current
that passes through it is 0.5 A?

A potential difference of 3.0 V applied across a

resistor of resistance R drives a current of
2.0 A through it. Calculate R.

What is the value of the resistor in the

9
figure, if the dry cells supply 2.0 V and the
ammeter reading is 0.5 A?

If the bulb in the figure has a resistance of 6

, what is the reading shown on the ammeter, if
the dry cells supply 3 V?

10 If a current of 0.5 A flows through the resistor

of 3 in the figure, calculate the voltage
supplied by the dry cells?

11 The graph shows the result of an experiment to

determine the resistance of a wire. The
resistance of the wire is?

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

12 An experiment was conducted to measure the

current, I flowing through a constantan wire
when the potential difference V across it was
varied. The graph shows the results of the
experiment. What is the resistance of the
resistor?

13 Figure shows a torchlight that uses two 1.5 V

dry cells. The two dry cells are able to provide
a current of 0.3 A when the bulb is at its normal
brightness. What is the resistance of the
filament?

14 PQ, is a piece of uniform wire of length 1

m with a resistance of 10 . Q is connected
to an ammeter, a 2 resistor and a 3 V
battery. What is the reading on the ammeter
when the jockey is at X?

15 The graph shows the relationship between the

potential difference, V and current, I flowing
through two conductors, X and Y.
i. Calculate the resistance of conductor X
ii. Calculate the resistance of conductor Y

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Current Flow and Potential Difference in Series and Parallel Circuit
SERIES CIRCUIT

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

1 the current flows through each

bulb/resistor is the same.
I=

1 the potential difference is the same across

each bulb/resistor
V=

2 the potential difference across each bulb /

Resistor depends directly on its
. The potential difference
supplied by the dry cells is shared by all the
bulbs / resistors.

2 the current passing through each bulb /

resistor is inversely proportional to the
resistance of the resistor. The current in the
circuit equals to the sum of the currents
passing through the bulbs / resistors in its
parallel branches.

V=

I=

3 If Ohms law is applied separately to each bulb 3 If Ohms law is applied separately to each bulb
/ resistor, we get :
/ resistor, we get :
V =
IR =

If each term in the equation is divided by I,

we get the effective resistance.

If each term in the equation is divided by V,

we get the effective resistance

R=

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Identify series circuit or parallel circuit

(a)

(b)

(c)

Ammeter reading = Current

- 16 -

(d)

Voltmeter reading = potential difference = Voltage

Effective resistance, R

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

- 18 -

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Solving problem using V=IR

Exercise:
1 The two bulbs in the figure have a resistance of 2 and 3 respectively. If the voltage of the dry cell is
2.5 V, calculate:
a) the effective resistance, R of the circuit
b) the main current, I in the circuit
c) the potential difference across each bulb

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

2 There are two resistors in the circuit shown. Resistor R1 has a resistance of 1 . If a 3V voltage causes a
current of 0.5A to flow through the circuit, calculate the resistance of R2.

The electrical current flowing through each branch, I1 and I2, is 5 A. Both bulbs have the same
resistance, which is 2. Calculate the voltage supplied.

4 The voltage supplied to the parallel is 3 V. R1 and R2 have a resistance of 5 and 20 . Calculate:
(a) the potential difference across each resistor
(b) the effective resistance, R of the circuit
(c) the main current, I in the circuit
(d) the current passing through each resistor

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

- 21 -

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

- 22 -

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND INTERNAL RESISTANCE

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Electromotive Force
The electromotive force, E (e.m.f) is defined as the work done by a source in driving one coulomb
of charge around a complete circuit.
The difference between electromotive force and potential difference.
Electromotive Force
Potential Difference
Indicates the electrical energy given to 1 C of
Indicates the electrical energy that is transformed
charge flowing through the cell or source.
to other forms of energy when 1 C of charge
passes through a component in a closed circuit.
Used in reference to source of electrical energy
Used in reference to electrical component
in a circuit.
Represented by the voltmeter reading in
Represented by the voltmeter reading in a closed
an open circuit (when switch is opened)
circuit (when switch is closed)
-1
Measured in JC or Volts,V
Measured in JC-1 or Volts,V

No current flows through the circuit

The voltmeter reading is 1.5 V.
The e.m.f. = the reading of the voltmeter
which is connected directly across the
terminals of the cells.
e.m.f. = 1.5 V

Current flows through the circuit

The reading of the voltmeter will drop a
little if a lamp is connected in series to the
cell.
If the voltmeter reading is 1.2 V, then the
potential difference across the lamp = 1.2 V.

- 23 -

Activity: To distinguish between e.m.f. and potential difference

1. Switch S is let in the open position. What

happens to the bulb is observed.
2. The readings of the ammeter and the
voltmeter are recorded.
3. Switch S is closed and what happens to the
bulb is observed.
4. The readings of the ammeter and the
voltmeter are recorded.

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Observation:

Discussion:
1. The reading of the voltmeter when switch S is open is higher than when switch S is closed.
2. The reading of the voltmeter when the circuit is open is the e.m.f value of the cell.
3. The reading of the voltmeter when the circuit is closed is the potential difference across the bulb.
4. There is a drop in potential difference across the cell. This is caused by the internal resistance of
the cell.
Internal Resistance
Internal resistance in the battery causes the loss of energy or drop in potential difference across the
battery.
The internal resistance of a source or cell is the resistance against the moving charge due to the
electrolyte in the cell.
Electromotive force, e.m.f
= Potential Difference across resistor, R + Drop in Potential Difference duo to internal resistance, r
, =
+
,
=
, =
Exercise:
1

i. Why is the potential difference across the resistor not the same as the e.m.f. of the battery?
ii. Determine the value of the internal resistance.
iii. Determine the value of the external resistor.

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

A cell with e.m.f. 2 V and internal resistance 1 is connected to a resistor of 4 . What is the
reading on the voltmeter when it is connected across the 4 resistor?

When switch S is opened, the voltmeter reading is 1.5 V. When the switch is closed, the voltmeter
reading is 1.35 V and the ammeter reading is 0.3 A. Calculate:
i. e.m.f
ii. internal resistance
iii. resistance of R

A bulb M is connected to a battery by means of a switch. A voltmeter is also connected across the
battery. When the switch is open, the voltmeter reads 6.0 V. When the switch is closed, the
voltmeter reads 4.8 V.
i. What is the e.m.f. of the battery? (b) If the resistance of the bulb M is 8 , what is the current
passing through M when the switch is closed?
ii. Find the value of the internal resistance, r, of the battery.

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Activity: To determine the values of the electromotive force (e.m.f.) and the internal resistance, r of the cell

Procedure

Plot graph of
V against I on
a graph aper.

Discussion

1. Turn on the switch, adjust the rheostat until the ammeter reading is I = 0.2 A
2. Record the voltmeter reading as V.
3. Repeat the experiment with current, I = 0.3 A, 0.4 A, 0.5 A and 0.6 A.

E = V + Ir
V = -Ir + E

Compare =
E = y intercept
r = gradient

i. When the switch is opened, the voltmeter = e.m.f , I = 0 A

ii. When the switch is closed, current flows through the circuit and there is a drop in
potential difference due to the internal resistance in the cell (V = Ir)
iii. The readings of the voltmeter decreases as V = e.m.f. - Ir
iv. The bigger the current, the bigger the drop in potential difference (Ir) and the lesser
the reading of the voltmeter, V.

Exercise:
1 Determine:
(a)the e.m.f of the cell
(b)the internal resistance of the cell

A voltmeter connected directly across a battery gives a reading of 1.5 V.

The voltmeter reading drops to 1.35 V when a bulb is connected to the battery and the ammeter
reading is 0.3 A. Find the internal resistance of the battery.

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

A circuit contains a cell of e.m.f 3.0 V and internal resistance, r. If the external resistor has a
value of 10.0 and the potential difference across it is 2.5 V, find the value of the current, I in the
circuit and the internal resistance, r.

A simple circuit consisting of a 2 V dry cell with an internal resistance of 0.5 . When the
switch is closed, the ammeter reading is 0.4 A. Calculate
(a) the voltmeter reading in open circuit
(b) the resistance, R
(c) the voltmeter reading in closed circuit

Find the voltmeter reading and the resistance, R of the resistor.

A cell of e.m.f., E and internal resistor, r is connected to a rheostat. The ammeter reading, I and
the voltmeter reading, V are recorded for different resistance, R of the rheostat. The graph of V
against I is as shown. From the graph, determine:
a) the electromotive force, e.m.f., E
b) the internal resistor, r of the cell

A graph of R against 1/I shown in figure was obtained from an experiment to determine the
electromotive force, e.m.f, E and internal resistance, r of a cell. From the graph, determine:
i. The internal resistance of the cell,
ii. The e.m.f of the cell.

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER

Electrical Energy
Electrical energy is important because this form of energy can be easily converted into other forms of
energy such as heat, light, mechanical and electromagnetic energy.
Potential difference, V across two points is the energy, E dissipated or transferred by a coulomb of
charge, Q that moves across the two points.
Therefore,
,
, =

,
Power is defined as the rate of energy dissipated or transferred.
Hence,
,

Relationship between Energy, Voltage, Current and time

Electrical Energy, E

,
Electrical Power, P

From the definition of potential difference, V. Power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy.
=

Electrical energy converted, E

=

Where Q=It

Where V=IR
Where =
SI unit :

Joule (J)

SI unit:

Joule per second / Watt / Js-1

Power rating and energy consumption of various electrical appliances

The amount of electrical energy consumed in a given period of time can be calculated by:
Energy consumed = Power rating x Time
=
The unit of measurement used for electrical energy consumption is the kilowatt-hour, kWh.
1 kWh
= 1000 x 3600 J
= 3.6 x 106 J
= 1 unit
- 28 -

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

One kilowatt-hour is the electrical energy dissipated or transferred by a 1 kW device in one hour.
Household electrical appliances that work on the heating effect of current are usually marked
with voltage, V and power rating, P.
The energy consumption of an electrical appliance depends on the power rating and the usage time,
E=Pt.
Power dissipated in a resistor, three ways to calculate:

R = 100, I=0.5 A.
Calculate the power dissipated.

R=100 , V = 50 V
Calculate the power dissipated.

V= 50 V , I=0.5 A
Calculate the power dissipated.

Calculate the cost of energy

Electricity cost: RM 0.28 per kWh
Time

Energy
Consumed

60

8 hours

(kWh)

400

24 hours

Kettle

1500

3 hours

Iron

1000

2 hours

Appliance

Quantity

Power / W

Bulb

Refrigerator

Power / kW

Total energy consumed, E =

Cost =

- 29 -

Comparing Various Electrical Appliance in Terms of Efficient Use of Energy

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Efficiency is a percentage of the output power to the input power.

=

100

The efficiency of an electrical appliance is always less than 100% as some energy is lost in the form of
heat and sound.
Exercise:
1 How much power dissipated in the bulb?

Calculate:
i. The current, I in the circuit.
ii. The energy released in R1 in 10s.
iii. The electrical energy supplied by the battery in 10s.

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

An electric kettle is labeled 3kW, 240 V.

i. What is meant by the label 3kW, 240V?
ii. What is the current flow through the kettle?
iii. Determine the suitable fuse to be used in the kettle.
iv. Determine the resistance of the heating elements in the kettle.

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Calculate:
i. Energy consumed in 1 day.
ii. How much would it cost to operate the appliances for 1 month?

10

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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

Reinforcement Exercise
Part A: Objective Questions
1

What is the unit of electric charge?

A. Ampere, A
B. kelvin, K
C. Coulomb, C
D. Volt, V

Which of the following diagrams show the correct electric field?

Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between the potential difference, V
and current, I for an ohmic conductor?

A small heater operates at 12 V, 2A. How much energy will it use when it is run for 5 minutes?
A. 90 J
B. 120 J
C. 1800 J
D. 7200 J

The electric current supplied by a battery in a digital watch is 3.0 x 10-5 A. What is the quantity of
charge that flows in 2 hours?
-7

A. 2.5 x 10 C

-5

B. 1.5 x 10 C

-3

C. 3.6 x 10 C

Which of the following circuits can be used to determine the resistance of the bulb?

Why is the filament made in the shape of a coil?

A. To increase the length and produce a higher resistance.
B. To increase the current and produce more energy.
C. To decrease the resistance and produce higher current.
D. To decrease the current and produce a higher potential difference.
- 33 -

-1

D. 2.2 x 10 C

Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

8 Which of the following will not affect the resistance of a conducting wire.
A. temperature
B. length
C. cross-sectional area
D. current flow through the wire
9

The potential difference between two points in a circuit is:

A. the rate of flow of the charge from one point to another
B. the rate of energy dissipation in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another
C. the work done in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another
D. the work done per unit current flowing from one point to another

1
0

An electric kettle connected to the 240 V main supply draws a current of 10 A. What is the power
of the kettle?
A. 200 W
B. 2000 W
C. 2400 W
D. 3600 W

11 An e.m.f of a battery is defined as:

A. the force supplied to 1 C of charge
B. the power supplied to 1 C of charge
C. the energy supplied to 1 C of charge
D. the pressure exerted on 1 C of charge
12

In the circuit above, what is the ammeter reading when the switch S is turned on?
A. 1.0 A
B. 1.5 A
C. 2.0 A
D. 9.0 A
E. 10.0 A

13

A 2 kW heater takes 20 minutes to heat a pail of water. How much energy is supplied by the
heater to the water in this period of time?
6

A. 1.2 x 10 J
6

B. 1.8 x 10 J
6

C. 2.4 x 10 J
6

D. 3.6 x 10 J
6

E. 4.8 x 10 J
14

The kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of measurement of:

A. Power
B. Electrical energy
C. Electromotive force
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Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 2: Electricity

15

All bulbs in the circuits below are identical. Which circuit has the smallest effective resistance?

16

An electric motor lifts a load with a potential difference 12 V and fixed current 2.5 A. If the efficiency
of the motor is 80%, how long does it take to lift a load of 600 N through a vertical height of 4 m?
A. 20 s
B. 40 s
C. 60 s
D. 80 s
E. 100 s

17

A 24 resistor is connected across the terminals of a 12 V battery. Calculate the power dissipated
in the resistor.
A. 0.5 W
B. 2.0 W
C. 4.0 W
D. 6.0 W

18

The circuit shows four identical bulbs to a cell 6 V. Which bulb labeled A, B, C, D is the brightest?

19

Two resistors of 5 and 10 respectively are connected in parallel to a 9 V supply. Calculate:

i. The ratio of the power dissipated (used up) in the 5 resistor to the 10 resistor.
A. 2 : 1
B. 1 : 2
C. 3 : 2
D. 1 : 3
ii. The power output of the supply.
A. 18.3 W
B. 24.3 W
C. 28.8 W
D. 17.2 W

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