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Heights Matter!
1/12/2005
DESCRIPTION: The Santa Clara River flows past destroyed homes and a fallen tree in the Creek side subdivision Wednesday in
St. George. Seven homes in the subdivision were completely lost to the river and at least another four were severely damaged by
this week's flooding. CREDITS: Jud Burkett COPYRIGHT: The Spectrum
1/12/2005
DESCRIPTION: A row of damaged homes in Riverwood subdivision cling to the banks of the Santa Clara River Thursday in St. George.
CREDITS: Jud Burkett COPYRIGHT: The Spectrum
North Carolina
Floodplain Mapping
2002 Detail
Mapping vs.
Effective
Approximate
Mapping
Physically
Monumented
Points
Monumented Points
Deterioration
Disturbed Geodetic Control
Coordinates/Elevations
Questionable
Subsidence
Areas
Questionable
Elevation Data
ROD 1
ROD 2
ROD 1
Backsight
5
BM
100
Foresight
Backsight
105
HI
Foresight
6
INSTR
99
INSTR
BM
Conventional Leveling
Very Precise
Labor Intensive
Max Distance 140 M
Between rods
Global Positioning
System
27 Satellites
6 Planes, 55 Rotation
4/5 Satellites /Plane
20,183 km Orbit
1 Revolution /12 Hrs
WGS 84,
NAD 83 (86)
NAVD 88,
NGVD 29
Orthometric Datums
MHHW,
MHW,
MTL,
DTL,
MLW,
MLLW
Tidal Datums
The Geoid
Geopotential
Surfaces
Ellipsoid
Surface
Gravity Vector
The relationships between the ellipsoid surface (solid red), various geopotential surfaces (dashed
blue), and the geoid (solid blue). The geoid exists approximately at mean sea level (MSL). Not
shown is the actual surface of the earth, which coincides with MSL but is generally above the geoid.
h = H + N
P
hse
t
r
Eaurfac
S
Plumb Line
Ellipsoid
h
Q
Mean
Sea
Level
N
Geoid
PO
Ocean
www.ngs.noaa.gov
www.ngs.noaa.gov
David B. Zilkoski
Joseph D. D'Onofrio
Stephen J. Frakes
Silver Spring, MD
November 1997
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
COMMERCE
National Ocean
Service
National Geodetic
Survey
www.ngs.noaa.gov
= CORS
= HARN
= Primary Base Network
= Secondary Base Network
= Local Base Network
Elevation published
to centimeters.
Orthometric height
determined by GPS.
www.ngs.noaa.gov
OPUS
= CORS
= Base Receiver
= Rover Receiver
www.wsrn.org
National Height
Modernization Program
10
8
6
4
2
Fiscal Year
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
Millions $
12
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