Roll Power

No. Plant

Catchment
Area (km2)

Mean
monsoon
Precipitation
(mm)

318
321
322
343

1300

2400

Gross
Head (m)

Transmission
Line Voltage
(kV)

Transmission
Line Length
(km)

Line
Conductor

250

132

55

Wolf

MHSP prediction equation constants for mean flow

Month
C
A1
January
0.03117
0.8644
February
0.02417
0.8752
March
0.02053
0.8902
April
0.01783
0.9558
May
0.01193
0.9657
June
0.01135
0.9466
July
0.01641
0.9216
August
0.02592
0.9095
September
0.02206
0.8963
October
0.01504
0.8772
November
0.00792
0.8804
December
0.00538
0.8890

A2
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2402
0.3534
0.3242
0.3217
0.2848
0.2707
0.2580

Sample Calculation of mean monthly flow:

Mean monthly flow = c * (catchment area) A1*(mean precipitation) A2
Where,

c, A1, A2 are MHSP prediction equation constants for mean flow

For January
Q = 0.03117*13000.8644 * 24000

= 15.320 m3/sec

For February
Q = 0.02417*13000.8752 * 24000 =12.841m3/sec

Similarly the mean monthly flow for every month is calculated and listed in the table given
below:
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Average monthly
discharge
15.32602
12.84103
12.14567
16.88334
12.12762
65.25013
190.3204
219.5993
166.7427
74.38461
35.91403
23.50566

Hydrograph
Hydrograph is the plot of the discharge in a stream
against time chronologically. Here we present an annual
hydrograph of the given stream. The Hydrograph as
obtained from the mean monthly flow data is shown
below :

250
200
150
Discharge

100
50
0

10

11

12

Months

Flow duration curve

Flow duration curve is helpful for estimating the design discharge as it gives the availability of the
discharge in percentage of time of the year.
Sample calculation
For Q 45%
Q 45% = C*(catchment area) ^B * (mean precipitation) ^A
For 45% exceedance, A=0.2018, B=0.9239, C=0.0089146

Q 45% = 0.0089146*(1300)^0.9239*(2400)^0.2018 = 32.29987 m3/s

Daily flow duration curve's coefficients developed by NEA
Dependent variable

Maximum flow(Q0)

0.8120

0.5337

0.0614105

25% exceedance

0.9279

0.2986

0.0124336

45% exceedance

0.9239

0.2018

0.0089146

65% exceedance

0.9044

0.0000

0.0248313

85% exceedance

0.9256

0.0000

0.0144905

95% exceedance
Minimum flow

0.9531
1.1689

0.0000
0.0000

0.0086449
0.0007382

Now calculating the data for flow duration curve we get,

Q max
1320.63674
Q 25%
98.48180617
Q 45%
32.2998684
Q 65%
16.2648411
Q 85%
11.04967077
Q 95%
8.02896164
Q min
3.22153182
1400
1200
1000
800
discharge
600
400
200
0
Q max Q 25% Q 45% Q 65% Q 85% Q 95%
percentage of time

Fig:flow duration curve

Calculation of Design Discharge:
For the calculation of design discharge the riparian release of 10% of long term mean monthly
flow of the driest month is considered. The maximum flow is at month of August 219.5993 m3/s

i.e. and the minimum flow is at the month of May i.e12.12762 m3/s and for the riparian release
we let the 10% of the flow of the driest month i.e. 1.212762 m3/s (10% of 12.12762 m3/s =
1.212762 m3/s) as the riparian release and calculate the available discharge for the power plant as
shown below.
This should be considered so that at dry months the local people can access their water for their
domestic purpose such that this prevents the environmental effect on the power plant.
Design discharge = 32.2998684 m3/s
This discharge is available for the six months. The discharges of other months are calculated by
subtracting the riparian release from the discharge of each month.
The net head is calculated at 250-.05*250 = 237.5m
The power input to the turbine = 9.81*32.2998684*237.5 KW = 75.254 MW
Electrical power output = 0.97*0.9*75.254 = 65.69731 MW
The maximum energy that could have been produced is
Emax = 65.69731*24*30*12/1000 = 567 GWH

Calculating monthly energy generation

Months
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Average
monthly
discharge
15.32602
12.84103
12.14567
16.88334
12.12762
65.25013
190.3204
219.5993
166.7427
74.38461
35.91403
23.50566

Design
discharge
14.11326
11.62827
10.93291
15.67058
10.91486
32.29987
32.29987
32.29987
32.29987
32.29987
32.29987
22.29284

Power output
28.7061
23.65167
22.23733
31.87366
22.20061
65.69732
65.69732
65.69732
65.69732
65.69732
65.69732
45.34321

Monthly energy
generation
20.66839
17.02921
16.01087
22.94903
15.98444
47.30207
47.30207
47.30207
47.30207
47.30207
47.30207
32.64711

total =

Annual plant factor =

409.1015 GWH

409.1015
= 0.7215
567

Selection of number of units

Since the discharge at the driest month is about one third of the design discharge so we install
three generating units each of capacity 23 MW.
The number of units = 3
Installed capacity = 65.68 MW
The MVA rating of each generator taking power factor of 0.85 we get MVA = 27.05882
Total MVA =81.1764 MVA
Design discharge per unit = 10.7663 m3/s

Turbine selection
Select the suitable turbine for each unit with reason and reference document.
i.

Net head

ii.

Range of discharge through the turbine

iii.

Specific speed

iv.

Turbine efficiency

v.

Cavitations problems

vi.

Cost

The net head of site is 237.5m

From table we can see that this head lies in the range of only Francis, Pelton and Turgo. So we
may select either Francis ,Pelton or Turgo.

While selecting the turbine we also consider the discharge from each unit. So,
For each unit: net head : 237.5m
Discharge : 10.7663 m3/s
Now using the ALSTOM Turbine selection chart

From the Alstom turbine selection chart we can select Francis turbine for the head of 237.5m and
discharge of 10.7663 m3/s.
Specific speed
The speed through with the model runner turns with a head of 1m and a discharge Q such that the
generated power is 1 kW is known as specific speed.
It is given as:
ns =

n 1.35 P
1.25
H

where,
ns =specific rotational speed
n=actual rotational speed of turbine in rpm =generator synchronizing speed
P=output power in KW
H=net head in meters
From the chart the specific speed of the turbine is calculated

Using ns = 100, P = 23MW , H=237.5m we get n=529.11 rpm

Generator Poles
Now from calculated table given below,
Number of Poles
Rpm (for 50 Hz)
2
3000
4
1500
6
1000
8
750
10
600
12
500

Number of Poles
16
18
20
22
24
26

Rpm (for 50 Hz)

375
333
300
272
250
230

14

428

28

214

From the table, speed close to 529.11 rpm is 600 rpm so number of poles = 10
Thus we studied the hydrogarph and selected the unit( turbine+ generator) size and no of units
for our plant.