Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE
BIO-ORGNICA "ANTONIO GONZLEZ"
(IUBO-AG)
MEMORIA DE ACTIVIDADES 2013
NDICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Fines y Objetivos
Equipo Directivo
Comisin Permanente
Personal Investigador
Personal en Formacin
Personal de Administracin y Servicios
Investigadores, Profesores Invitados
Estancia de Investigadores en otros centros
Reconocimiento Cinetfico y Jubilaciones
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
MEMORIA CIENTFICA
Proyectos de Investigacin
Publicaciones
Participaciones en Congresos
Tesis Doctorales Defendidas en 2013
Patentes y Modelos de Utilidad
Programas de posgrados, msteres, ttulos propios y programas de
doctorado impartidos, organizados o promovidos por el instituto
Organizacin de Conferencias, Congresos, Seminarios y Jornadas de
Divulgacin
Conferencias Impartidas
Convenios de Colaboracin
Trabajo Fin de Grado y Trabajos Fin de Master realizados en el IUBO
Otras Actividades
Resumen Estadstico
22.
23.
MEMORIA ECONMICA
Subvencin del Cabildo Insular de Tenerife
Subvencin de la Universidad de La Laguna
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Pgina
3
5
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
15
35
82
124
126
127
129
134
135
136
138
139
141
142
1. FINES Y OBJETIVOS
El Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgnica Antonio Gonzlez (IUBO-AG) es un centro
multidisciplinar orientado a la investigacin en el campo de la Qumica Bio-Orgnica, Productos
Naturales Bioactivos y Qumica Mdica. El Instituto fue fundado en los aos 60 con la
necesidad de estudiar los metabolitos secundarios producidos por organismos marinos y
terrestres, para proporcionar una nueva fuente de compuestos nicos. Actualmente, los
objetivos del Instituto son el aislamiento, la biosntesis, los cultivos de microorganismos, la
biotecnologa y la sntesis total de sustancias farmacolgicamente activas procedentes de
fuentes naturales. Adems, son reas de investigacin de inters actual la evaluacin biolgica,
el aislamiento y produccin de toxinas, estudios NMR de procesos biolgicos, insecticidas y
repelentes naturales, etc.
2. EQUIPO DIRECTIVO
Director: Dr. D. Manuel Norte Martn
Categora: Catedrtico de Universidad
Email: mnorte@ull.es
Subdirector: Dr. D. Jos Javier Fernndez Castro
Categora: Profesor Titular de Universidad
Email: jjfercas@ull.es
Secretaria: Dra. Da. Ana Estvez Braun
Categora: Profesora Titular de Universidad
Email: aestebra@ull.es
3. COMIT EJECUTIVO
Director: Dr. D. Manuel Norte Martn
Categora: Catedrtico
Email: mnorte@ull.es
Subdirector: Dr. D. Jos Javier Fernndez Castro
Categora: Profesor Titular
Email: jjfercas@ull.es
Secretaria: Dra. Da. Ana Estvez Braun
Categora: Profesora Titular
Email: aestebra@ull.es
Vocal: Dr. D. Vctor S. Martn Garca
Categora: Catedrtico
Email: vmartin@ull.es
Vocal: Dr. D. Jess Mara Trujillo Vzquez
Categora: Catedrtico
Email: jtruvaz@ull.es
Vocal: Dra. Da. Isabel Lpez Bazzocchi
Categora: Profesor Titular
Email: ilopez@ull.es
Representante de Personal en Formacin: D. Sixto Jos Prez Moreno
Categora: Licenciado en Qumica Becario
Email: sjperez@ull.es
Representante del PAS: D. Nicols Prez Prez
Categora: Administrativo
Email: iubo@ull.es
4. PERSONAL INVESTIGADOR
Nombre y apellidos
Categora
Correo electrnico
TU
aestebraull.es
adiazmar@ull.es
CU
agravelo@ull.es
adaranas@ull.es
PCD Tipo 1
cgargon@ull.es
Investigador
cirperz@ull.es
TU
ignadiaz@ull.es
TU
ilopez@ull.es
CU
jtruvaz@ull.es
TU
jglezdll.es
CU
jgavin@ull.es
CU
jpalenz@ull.es
TU
jjfercas@ull.es
PCD Tipo 1
jmpadron@ull.es
jmpadron@ipna.csic.es
CU
mnorte@ull.es
TU
mmafonso@ull.es
TU
jenrique@ull.es
PC Tipo 1
msouto@ull.es
CU
malopez@ull.es
TU
mramirez@ull.es
CU
rborges@ull.es
TU
rrhernan@ull.es
TU
riguial@ull.es
rocarril@ull.es
tmartin@ipna.csic.es
CU
vmartin@ull.es
Carrillo
Enrquez
5. PERSONAL EN FORMACIN
Nombre y apellidos
Adrian Santiago Benitez
Alberto Jonatan Martn
Rodrguez
Amparo Ferre Snchez
ngel Amesty Arrieta
Ariadna Rubio Cancio
Borja Hernndez Martn
Caterina Rodrguez de Vera
Dcil Carballo Gonzlez
Diego Manuel Monzn
Rodrguez
Ftima del Pilar Prez de la
Rosa
Gema del Carmen Guedes
de la Cruz
Guillermo Daz Crespn
Humberto Jos Domnguez
Rodrguez
Idaira Hueso Falcn
Jos D. Machado Ponce
Jose G. Hernndez
Juan Carlos Ticona
Huallpara
Categora
Alumno del Mster
Becario Predoctoral PLOCAN
Colaboracin Grupo de
Investigacin
Farmacutico. Becario
Universidad de Caracas
Estudiante F. Qumica
Alumno de Grado en
Qumica
Licenciada en C. Mar
Becario FPU
Personal tcnico
Estudiante Grado Qumica
Correo electrnico
Ajsb_88@hotmail.com
martin.rodriguez.aj@gmail.com
angelamesty@yahoo.es
caterina_rv@hotmail.com
dcarbal@ull.es
Estudiante Mster
Biomedicina
Licenciada en Qumicas.
Becaria Gobierno Autnomo
Becario MAE
Becario FPU
fatimapdelarosa@hotmail.com
Licenciada en Qumicas.
Becaria Contratada
Investigador Ramn y Cajal
Contratado CONSOLIDER
Licenciado en Bioqumica,
Universidad Mayor de San
Andrs, La Paz-Bolivia.
Becario MAE-AECI
Becario FPI - Doctorando
Licenciado en Biologa, ULL.
Personal adscrito
Estudiante Master
Biomedicina
Contratada CONSOLIDER
Becario SEGAI Doctorando
Estudiante Fin de Grado
Licenciado en Qumica y
Biologa, Universidad AlbertLudwigs de Freiburg
Licenciada en Qumica.
Becaria de Chile
Estudiante Grado Qumica
Alumno Grado Qumica
Proyecto Fin Carrera
Ingeniera Qumica
idairahf@yahoo.es
gemagc83@hotmail.com
gdiazcrespin09@gmail.com
humbertodguez@gmail.com
jdmacha@ull.es
jghdezj@gmail.com
biojuancarlos_11@yahoo.com
jrlopez@ull.es
lolorodrilo@msn.com
mdperretti@gmail.com
mahartha@yahoo.com
mapurino@ull.es
callies.olliver@gmail.com
patiquintana@gmail.com
rafa_carrizal@hotmail.com
gastonsilveira@gmail.com
rosalyn_pf@hotmail.com
soramasroyo@gmail.com
stejera@ull.es
salvmen@ull.es
sjperez@ull.es
alu01005511918@ull.edu.es
g.b.plata@gmail.com
gbrhgbrh@hotmail.com
lecartuche@utpl.edu.ec
Categora
Grupo III
Grupo III
Grupo III
Grupo IV
Grupo IV
Grupo III
Procedencia
Periodo de Estancia
Alessandro Cembrano
Alan Couttolenc Aguirre
Dr. Boukerouis Djoudi
Erasmus
Universidad Veracruzana
University of Laghouat,
Algeria
Univ. de La Habana, F.
Qumica
Universidad Veracruzana,
Verzcruz, Mxico
Univ. de El Salvador
Univ. Tunisia
Univ. de Concepcin, Chile
10
11
En este ao, han dejado de pertenecer al IUBO por jubilacin los Dres D. Angel
Gutirrez Ravelo y D. Cirilo Prez Prez. En el acto, celebrado el 21 de Diciembre de
2013, el Director puso de manifiesto la aportacin cientfica que ambos compaeros
dieron al IUBO durante su trayectoria.
Del Dr. Cirilo Prez, destac su trayectoria y evolucin desde una qumica de productos
naturales en el campo de los lquenes terrestres y las algas marinas hacia la qumica
sinttica de nanotubos que sirven de modelos para entender el papel del agua en las
membranas celulares.
Del Dr. Angel Gutirrez Ravelo, puso de manifiesto su aportacin crucial al desarrollo
del IUBO a lo largos de estos aos y del que fue Director en el periodo 1999-2001. El
Dr. Ravelo ha dedicado su investigacin a los productos naturales terrestres
(especialmente derivados de Celastrceas) y evolucionado hacia el campo de la
bioorgnica y la qumica mdica. Fue fundador del grupo de investigacin en Qumica y
Biotecnologa de Productos Naturales (QUIBONAT) que sigue funcionando con el
trabajo de sus alumnos en la actualidad. Tambin resalt los fuertes lazos que
desarroll entre el IUBO y Sudamrica, con un notable nmero de profesores
sudamericanos formados en su grupo de investigacin.
12
13
MEMORIA CIENTFICA
14
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privileged structural motives and synthetic scaffolds. We will make use of front edge synthetic
strategies such as target-oriented synthesis, divertedoriented synthesis and diversityoriented synthesis as innovation axes for molecular construction and lead discovery. The
resulting small molecule libraries will be screened using our implementation of the so-called
Phenotypic Drug Discovery approach, which allows interrogating relevant biological contexts
without predisposed bias toward action mechanisms. Running screening modules will
contribute to explore relevant areas of the pharmacological (biological) space (antitumor,
antibiotics, anti-inflammatory) in the search for novel bioactive chemical topologies. Three
phenotypic assay modules, namely Cancer, Infectious Diseases and Acute Lung Injury will be
used. Primary assays will be used to select initial lead compounds that will be submitted to
secondary and confirmatory assays to unravel their mechanism of action in addition to
identification of the biological target. Within this project we will start a new module devoted
to the evaluation of antibiofouling activity
Nmero de investigadores/as: 6
Cd. segn financiadora: CTQ2011-28417-C02-01
Fecha de inicio: 01/01/2012 , 3 aos
Fecha fin: 31/12/2014
Entidades participantes: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas; IUBO- AGUniversidad
de La Laguna
Cuanta subproyecto: 216.590
IP: Dr. D. Victor Sotero Martn Garca
16
Bioactive
Molecules
From
Marine
Organisms:
Pharmacological And Biotechnological Studies
Structural,
Summary
Among marine organisms, microalgae play a crucial role in ecosystems due to their
photosynthetic activity. This group is characterized by their ability to produce blooms known
as "red tides and classified according to the toxicological effects provoked in humans. There is
no doubt that marine dinoflagellates could become real "cell factories" of important bioactive
substances with different biotechnological applications. Thus, on the basis of the results
recently obtained from of P. belizeanum, in this project we propose to continue the
development of large-scale cultures of Prorocentrum species focussed on the search of highly
polar metabolites. Certainly, we have isolated and characterized two new examples of the socalled "SuperCarbonChain compounds,SCC)" named belizeanoic acid and belizeanolide.
Furthermore we have detected similar metabolites that are still under study. In addition, we
propose to undertake in the UAL further studies to find the optimal the conditions to produce
massive cultures. The ultimate goal of our project would be to adapt and develop the culture
of dinoflagellates in external photobioreactors. It is obvious that complex molecules create
new problems to be solved. On our side, we are developing a simple NMR methodology to
establish the configuration of stereogenic centers in five-membered rings, which are common
in this kind of compounds. This approach includes the synthesis of models that will be used to
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confirm theoretical approaches and we also try to establish their biosynthetic origins. In
addition, the interest of this group of substances is mainly based on their potent biological
activities that include new modes of action. Regarding the inhibitory activity of protein
phosphatases, the design of this kind of selective inhibitors is the main challenge in this field
nowadays. Therefore, we have undertaken structural and conformational studies in solution of
AO and analogues and theoretical docking calculations to determine a plausible binding mode.
These studies will continue aiming to find simplified molecules fulfilling the necessary
structural requirements to achieve a selective inhibition of PP1 and PP2A. Data from in vitro
inhibitory activity obtained at IUBO will be compared and complemented with the evaluation
of biochemical and toxicological effects in neuronal and glial cells cultures developed in UO,
which will help us to establish structure-activity correlations and to identify those structural
motifs that determine more effective inhibitors in living cells. However, given the structural
complexity of protein phosphatases and the cellular regulatory mechanisms they control it
may differ significantly from the inhibitory activity determined in the test tube. Furthermore,
these studies will be extended to other types of polyethers found in red algae of the genus
Laurencia. The group of UAL will study the interaction between animal immune cells and the
isolated compounds, evaluating both their toxicity and biological function, for instance
studying the ability to recognize immunogens of T cells. UO group will analyse the effects on
the CNS using in vitro systems of primary cerebellar neurons, glial cells and organotypic
cultures. We will study the biochemical pathways involved in the physiological and
toxicological effects and on the development of novel neuroprotective therapies. Finally in this
project we plan to start small-scale cultures of 50 species of dinoflagellates from IEO collection
to assess their bioactivity and select the new organisms for future studies.
Nmero de investigadores/as: 7
Cd. segn financiadora: SAF2011-23338-C03-01
Fecha de inicio: 01/01/2012 , 3 aos
Fecha fin: 31/12/2014
Entidades participantes: Universidad de Oviedo, Universidad de Almera, IUBO-AG Universidad
de La Laguna
Cuanta subproyecto: 189.970,00
IP: Dr. D. Jos Javier Fernndez Castro
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Resumen
Este proyecto tiene como objetivo la bsqueda y desarrollo de nuevas entidades moleculares
con actividad antiinflamatoria, cardioprotectora, antitumoral, antimicrobiana o antiparasitaria.
El acceso a las molculas bioactivas se realizar mediante estrategias eficaces en la ocupacin
de regiones biolgicamente relevante del espacio qumico: uso de Estructuras Privilegiadas
de origen natural, uso de Reacciones Domin generadoras de complejidad estructural y
diversidad de esqueleto bajo una aproximacin de Sntesis Orientada a la Diversidad, Sntesis
Total Derivada, Quimiomodulacin de bioactividades de cabezas de serie, y estudios de
modelizacin molecular.
La inflamacin es un factor implicado en la patognesis de diversas enfermedades
cardiovasculares [aterosclerosis, dao por isquemia/reperfusin (I/R), miocarditis viral, etc.].
Resultados previos del grupo con diversos tipos estructurales de diterpenos indican su
capacidad de actuar en distintas dianas del proceso inflamatorio, siendo NF-kB una va de
sealizacin comn en la accin de estos compuestos. Adems, hemos observado la actividad
protectora per se en ausencia de inflamacin que ejercen algunos de estos compuestos,
describiendo su potencial como agentes cardioprotectores actuando sobre dianas moleculares
implicadas en el control de la viabilidad celular (PI3K, Akt, AMPk, Bax). En este proyecto se
evaluar la capacidad de nuevas estructuras diterpnicas para proteger frente al dao
cardiaco, en concreto, series qumicas obtenidas a partir de diterpenos seleccionados por su
actividad antiinflamatoria y/o cardioprotectora (derivados de hispanolona, cido labdanlico y
solidagenona). La actividad antiinflamatoria y/o cardioprotectora de estas molculas ser
evaluada en ensayos de screening en cultivos primarios de macrfagos y cardiomiocitos, para
el estudio de las dianas moleculares de actuacin (vas de sealizacin a travs de TLRs, vas de
supervivencia, AMPk, apoptosis). Estos ensayos nos permitirn seleccionar molculas activas
con actividad cardioprotectora, actividad que ser finalmente validada en modelos de I/R
tanto celulares como ex vivo: corazn perfundido de Lagendorff. Estas evaluaciones nos
llevarn a identificar estructuras candidatas a ser evaluadas in vivo en modelos de patologas
cardacas y permitirn identificar grupos funcionales relevantes en la actividad
cardioprotectora.
En el campo de los antitumorales principalmente nos centraremos en la familia de proteinas
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) y los Receptores de Estrgenos (RE)
que son factores de transcripcin que regulan el crecimiento, la diferenciaciacin, el
metabolismo o la supervivencia de numerosos tipos celulares. Estas protenas son importantes
dianas farmacolgicas, validadas por numerosos grupos acadmicos y empresas, en el
tratamiento de determinados tipos de cncer o enfermedades inmunolgicas y metablicas.
En la actualidad, existe una elevada demanda por inhibidores potentes y selectivos de la ruta
oncognica Jak2-STAT as como por moduladores selectivos de los RE (SERMs) con mejor perfil
clnico. Se evaluar nuevas molculas procedentes de quimiotecas especficamente diseada
para descubrir nuevos inhibidores JAK2-STAT o SERM. En concreto se evaluarn triarilmetanos
altamente funcionalizados y estructuras C6-C3-C6 como SERMs, as como diversos derivados
quinnicos heterocclicos como inhibidores de la ruta oncognica JAK2-STAT.
Se evaluar la eficacia y toxicidad de estas nuevas molculas. En primer lugar, se utilizar
sistemas de bsqueda a mediana escala basados en lneas celulares con sistemas reporteros de
luciferasa. Esto permitir identificar con rapidez a moduladores qumicos que acten a
cualquier nivel de la cascada de sealizacin dependiente de STAT o de RE. Los ensayos ESCREEN permitirn seleccionar los productos con actividades SERM. En segundo lugar, se
evaluar la citotoxicidad en lneas dependientes de JAK2-STAT (HEL) o de RE (T47D) y en
linfocitos primarios. En tercer lugar, se evaluar la eficacia de las molculas ms activas en
relacin con respuestas biolgicas concretas (proliferacin, apoptosis, migracin, invasin
celular, formacin de colonias, produccin de fosfatasa alcalina, calcificacin). Finalmente, con
las molculas ms activas se realizarn estudios mecansticos detallados como son: a)
19
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factors that regulate growth, differentiation, metabolism or the survival of many cell types.
These proteins are important drug targets, validated by numerous companies and academic
groups, for the treatment of certain types of cancer or immune and metabolic diseases. At
present, there is a high demand for potent and selective inhibitors of Jak2-STAT oncogenic
route as well as ER selective modulators (SERMs) with better clinical profile. Highly
functionalized triarymethanes and structures type C6-C3-C6 will be evaluated as SERMs as well
as a variety of designed quinonic heterocycles as JAK2-STAT inhibitors. The efficacy and toxicity
of these new molecules will be evaluated by using medium scale searching methodology based
on luciferase reporter cell lines. This will quickly identify chemical modulators that act at any
level of the cascade of STAT- or ER-dependent signaling. E-SCREEN assays allow select products
with SERM activity. Secondly, we will evaluate drug cytotoxicity on JAK2-STAT (HEL) or RE
(T47D) dependent cells lines as well as primary lymphocytes. Third, we will evaluate the
effectiveness of the active molecules in relation to specific biological responses (proliferation,
apoptosis, migration, cell invasion, colony formation, alkaline phosphatase production, bone
calcification). Finally, with will perform mechanistic studies by using the more active
molecules: a) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation using immunoblotting, GEMSA and
microscopy, b) in vitro kinase activity of Jak2 and specificity over other kinases, c) apoptosis
and cell cycle, d) interaction with ER, e) pharmacogenomic and drug-predictive Toxicogenomic,
and e) our molecular target-based screening, supported by improved chemical design, will
allow us select the optimal molecule to assess its efficacy and toxicity in vivo. Recently, our
grroup has patented diverse compounds from natural sources which have strong in vitro
antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria; including multiresistant Staphylococcus
aureus clinical isolates. In the present Project, several analogues of these compounds will be
synthesized following a Diverted Total Synthesis approach. We will also carry out the
preparation of new fenalenones derivatives as antiparasitic agents. From the obtained results
in the assays against the several therapeutic targets, we will improve the biological and
pharmacological properties of the bioactive molecules through SAR (Structure-Activity
relationships) and in silico studies. These types of studies will allow us the rational design of
new molecules.
Nmero de investigadores/as: 9
Cd. segn financiadora: SAF2012-13296-C03-01
Fecha de inicio: 01/01/2013, 3 aos
Fecha fin: 31/12/2015
Entidades participantes: IUBO-AG Universidad de la Laguna, Universidad de Las Palmas de
Gran Canaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Cuanta subproyecto: 210.000.00
IP: Dra. Da. Ana Estevez Braun
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based on - and -amino acids that can be used as new chiral organocatalysts in Michael type
addition reactions.
Nmero de investigadores/as: 3
Cd. segn financiadora: CTQ2011-22653
Fecha de inicio: 01/01/2012 , 3 aos
Fecha fin: 31/12/2014
Entidades participantes: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas; IUBO-AG Universidad
de La Laguna
Cuanta subproyecto: 96.800
IP: Dr. D. Toms Martn Ruiz
23
http://www.ull.es/view/institucional/ull/Cibican-Imbrain/es
Nmero de investigadores/as: 9
Cd. segn financiadora: KBBE-2009-3-245137
Fecha de inicio: 01/08/2010 , 3,5 aos
Fecha fin: 31/07/2014
24
Entidades participantes: 19
Cuanta Global : 7,5 M
Cuanta subproyecto: 478.444.00
IP: Dr. D. Manuel Norte Martn
25
compuestos ejerce sobre distintos tipos de enfermedades, sino que permitir al sector lcteo
realizar una evaluacin eficaz de cara a la racionalizacin de este tipo de productos para la
poblacin, incrementando la seguridad en el consumo de dichos alimentos.
Por tanto esta propuesta tiene como objetivo fundamental la determinacin del contenido
estrognico (incluyendo estrgenos naturales, sintticos, as como sus metabolitos, adems de
precursores de actividad estrognica procedente de envases plsticos) en leches y derivados
(yogur y quesos) mediante procedimientos de extraccin altamente selectivos, econmicos y
rpidos para su posterior identificacin y cuantificacin mediante tcnicas cromatogrficas y
electroforticas. Se pretende aplicar dichas metodologas a un amplio abanico de muestras de
leche de diferente naturaleza y con diferente contenido graso, as como a derivados lcteos
(yogures y quesos en este caso fabricados en la Comunidad Autnoma Canaria) consumidas
ampliamente por la poblacin as como evaluar su contenido estrognico. Estos estudios
(desarrollo de metodologas de extraccin, determinacin y evaluacin) que se enmarcan
dentro del campo de seguridad alimentaria, permitirn hacer evaluaciones eficaces de los
contenidos de los mismos y establecer medidas preventivas de cara a disminuir los efectos de
este tipo de compuestos sobre la poblacin y as prevenir desordenes y/o enfermedades.
Summary
The analysis of natural and synthetic estrogens in foods constitutes a topic of special concern,
since it is widely demonstrated that their excessive dietary intake is responsible for a good
number of disorders of the endocrine system. Such disorders can cause different illnesses i.e.
obesity, hyperactivity, diabetes, infertility, etc. but may also be responsible for the appearance
of certain types of cancer (ovarian, mammalian and prostate cancer). Such estrogenic excess in
the diet, as well as the modifications of the endocrine system, are caused by several factors
like high ingest of meat products with synthetic estrogens, drinking milk and its derivatives,
eating plastic packed foods, etc. That is why the study of the estrogenic content of basic food
products is of high interest.
Nowadays, children and adults consumption of milk constitute a very important part of
humans nutrition since nearly 500 millions of tons per year are worldwide consumed (thanks
to modern farming practices). Such important consumption also represents the intake of 6070% of these compounds in the diet. Although there already exist several studies in which the
determination of estrogens in milk has been carried out, they have been mainly focused on the
identification of the most important natural estrogens (and in few cases synthetic). However,
few works have focused on their metabolites analysis (methylated, hydroxilated and
glicosilated), which constitute 85% of the dietary intake. The main reason of this hardly
explored field has probably been the fact that the extraction procedures developed up to now
for their analysis are very complex and tedious. In fact, modern analytical techniques
employing highly selective, efficient and quick extraction methods using new materials like
carbon nanotubes, ionic liquids or hollow fibers, as well as solid-phase microextraction,
coupled to advanced separation techniques (mainly HPLC and capillary electrophoresis), have
hardly been applied in this field. Therefore, estrogenic metabolite analysis in milk products will
allow establishing relationships between their high dietary intake and illnesses, but also will
awake the interest of milk industries in order to rationalize the consumption of these products.
The main objective of this proposal is to determine the estrogenic content (natural,
synthetic and their metabolites, as well as some food packings constituents which are
precursors of estrogenic activity) in milk and milk products (yoghourt and cheese) using highly
selective, economic and quick extraction procedures for the ulterior analysis using
cromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Samples of different nature and fat content
will be analyzed, all of them manufactured in the Canary Islands. The objective of this project is
therefore focused on the food safety field.
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Nmero de investigadores/as: 7
Entidad Financiadora: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacin
Cd. segn financiadora: AGL-2011-24667/ALI
Fecha de inicio: 01/01/2012, 3 aos
Fecha fin: 31/12/2014
Entidades participantes: Departamento de Qumica Analtica; IUBO- AG Universidad de La
Laguna
Cuanta proyecto: 76.000
IP: Dr. D. Miguel ngel Rodrguez Delgado
27
desarrollo como frmaco (escalado, propiedades de buen frmaco, etc.) que no son
contemplados por los grupos de colaboradores externos.
Summary
This research proposal relates to the molecular pharmacology of novel antitumor compounds
resulting from our ongoing Phenotypic Drug Discovery (PDD) screening program. The general
aim of the project is the evaluation at a molecular level of small molecules (SMs) including
natural products, natural products-like, privileged structural motives and synthetic scaffolds
with a prominent interest in those that can affect cell division. Two main topics are considered.
A) Ongoing lead compounds: Previously, we identified several leads (e.g. the topoisomerase II
inhibitor DTA0100) that require further mechanistic studies. B) New lead compounds: The
resulting SM libraries (available from long and short-term external collaborations) will be
screened using our implementation of the PDD approach, which allows interrogating relevant
biological contexts without predisposed bias toward mechanism of action. Three phenotypic
assay modules developed by the applicant group contribute to explore relevant areas of the
pharmacological space (antitumor, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory), namely Cancer, Infectious
Diseases and Acute Lung Injury. Primary assays will be used to select initial lead compounds
that will be submitted to secondary and confirmatory assays to unravel their mechanism of
action in addition to identification of the biological target. The Small Molecule Synthesis
module will fulfill with those drug development issues (scaling up, drug-like properties, etc.)
that are not covered by the external collaborating synthetic groups.
Nmero de investigadores/as: 4
Cd. segn financiadora: PI11/00840
Fecha de inicio: 01/01/2012, 3 aos
Fecha fin: 31/12/2014
Entidades participantes: IUBO-AG Universidad de La Laguna
Cuanta Global : 86.212.50
IP: Dr. D. Jos Manuel Padrn Carillo
28
29
diseases; iv) the discovery of more selective channel modulators that could be useful as
pharmacological tools or drug leads. Addressing these key and complex questions requires an
integrative and pluridisciplinary ion channel program that brings together all of the required
complementary skills and coordinates them in order to successfully fill these gaps in our
knowledge. This is precisely the main objective of SICI: to become a reference research and
training programme that embraces all aspects of ion channels from genes and proteins, cells,
systems and organisms to behaviour, and from basic research to the clinic. Thus, SICI pursues
innovation through integration. The main objectives of SICI are: i) to coordinate and facilitate
innovative research programmes that build on a virtual centre of excellence in integrative ion
channel research; ii) to educate talented young scientists in a range of multidisciplinary
methodologies and technologies in integrative ion channel research including channel
function, structure, physiopathology and pharmacology; iii) to foster collaborative efforts by
providing core resources, personnel and equipment for concerted research; iv) to bring new
research groups and technologies to the field of integrative ion channel research; and v) to
promote and strengthen the links between basic science, clinic and industry. This integrative
ion channel research initiative is functionally organized into four distinct but highly
interrelated, knowledge-based working groups or nodes encompassing channel function,
structure, physiopathology and pharmacology. To accomplish this goal, SICI assembles a
multidisciplinary team comprised of physiologists, biochemists, biophysicists, structural
biologists, chemists and pharmacologists. SICI is not envisioned as a restricted consortium but
rather Consolider 2008 seeks to be an open program for academic, clinical and industrial
partners that may wish to join the initiative at a later stage. The major outcome of SICI will be
the generation of innovative knowledge in the ion channel arena that will result in: i) groundbreaking, transferable technology; ii) original ion channel therapeutics for the treatment of
human disorders; and, iii) an integrated educational program on ion channels for graduated
and postgraduate students. Thus, SICI will fulfil the two main goals of an integrated,
pluridisciplinary project, namely, to create innovative, transferable and exploitable knowledge
and technology and to foster integrative training.
30
31
32
characterized the mechanisms used by several drugs to interfere in these processes. This
project is intended to go deeper in all mechanisms involved in retaining the so-called vesicular
cocktail both in the variable elements (catecholamines, Ca2+, H+, ATP, false
neurotransmitters) and stable elements -the chromogranins-. We will focus on their role in
the concentration and exocytosis of neurotransmitters and how some drugs alter them. We
will also study the pathophysiological consequences derived from the lack of chromogranins in
other sympathetic synapses using mice whose genes of these proteins have been ablated.
From the study of the metabolic profile and from behavioural studies in these animals we will
analyze their possible use as animal models for metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases.
33
identificar y aislar estructuras privilegiadas con efectos teraputicos mayores que las
conocidas, o que operen por mecanismos novedosos, hecho que incrementara el valor
econmico de tales plantas. Las sustancias de inters sern sometidas al estudio de su
mecanismo de accin y a transformaciones qumicas, lo que nos permitir determinar los
requerimientos estructurales para la expresin de la actividad y plantear el diseo racional de
frmacos ms potentes menos txicos y ms selectivos.
Entidad financiadora: Agencia Canaria de Investigacin, Innovacin y Sociedad de la
Informacin. Gobierno de Canarias.
Entidades participantes:
Duracin: 2009-2013
Cuanta: 27.700,00
Investigador responsable: Laila Moujir Moujir
Nmero de investigadores participantes: 10
Cdigo: Ref. SolSubC200801000049
Universidad o Centro de Investigacin del investigador principal: ULL
34
11. PUBLICACIONES
In this manuscript,a new method based on the use of off-line dispersive solid-phase extraction
(dSPE) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array
detection was developed to determine 11 sulfonamide antibiotics (sulfanilamide,
sulfacetamide,
sulfadiazine,
sulfathiazole,
sulfamerazine,
sulfadimidin,
sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole and sulfadimethoxine) in
mineral waters with different mineral content. For this purpose, pristine multi-walled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs) and magnetic-MWCNTs (m-MWCNTs) were used assorbents. Magnetic
nanoparticles were synthesized by means of a solvothermal process, assembled ontoCNTs
through an aggregation wrap mechanism and characterized by scanning electron
microscopy. Parameters affecting the extraction such as volume and pH of the sample, amount
of sorbent and type and volume of eluent were optimized. Once optimum extraction
conditions (250mL of water at pH 6.0 and elution with 25mL of MeOH) were obtained, the
extraction efficiency of the different carbon nanomaterials was compared. Results
demonstrated the higher extraction capacity of pristine MWCNTs with recoveries between 61
and 110% (except for sulfacetamide which ranged between 40 and 53%) and between 22and
77% for m-MWCNTs. Limits of detection lower than 32ng/L were achieved for all of the
analyzed samples.
35
36
37
Having identified a novel human DNA topoisomerase II(TOP2) catalytic inhibitor from a small
and structure-focused library of propargylic enol ethers, we decided to analyze if the chirality
of these compounds plays a determinant role in their antiproliferative activity. In this study,
we describe for the first time the synthesis of the corresponding enantiomers and the
biological evaluation against a panel of representative human solid tumor cell lines.
Experimental results show that chirality does not influence the reported antiproliferative
activity of these compounds. Docking studies of corresponding enantiomers against TOP2
reinforce the finding that the biological effect is not chiral-dependent and that these familyof
compounds seem to act as TOP2 catalytic inhibitors.
38
Tight and slow: A linear correlation between the thermodynamics (G) and the kinetics (G)
of guest binding in a synthetic receptor has been found. Such correlation reveals a quite
counterintuitive behavior: the more stable the complex, the slower it is formed. This peculiar
kinetics can be rationalized by an increasing structural tightening as the binding is improved,
which is solid evidence of positive cooperative guest binding.
39
We have studied the 1,2,3-triazole system with a set of 25 substituents of different electronic
featuresusing several methods. Our aim is to find out a calculation method for the analysis of
these molecules in biological systems. The combined AIM and NBO study permitted us to
justify the observed tautomeric preferences. The absolute predominance of the 2H-tautomer
forms is greatly changed when the substituent group possesses anionic character; therefore
the pH of the medium is relevant. When the calculations were carried out in solution,
noteworthy changes in the behavior of charged substituents were observed. These facts may
be relevant when studying the interactions of these molecules with biological receptors.
40
Using several reactions that include homologations and asymmetric epoxidations as well as Ugi
and Huisgen couplings, we generated a small focused library of new derivatives from the
labdane-type diterpene grindelic acid. These compounds were evaluated as cytotoxic agents
against a panel offive human solid tumor cell lines (HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D, and WiDr).
The presence of the diamide functionalizations enhanced the cytotoxic effect. N-Benzyl-N-(1(benzylamino)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)grindelicamide, proved to be the most active
product in all cell lines tested, with values of 0.95 (0.38)mM against HBL-100 cells.
41
42
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have several applications; one of them is the prediction of
biological activity. Here, ANNs were applied to a set of 32 compounds with anticancer activity
assayed experimentally against two cancer cell lines (A2780 and T-47D). Using training and test
sets, the obtained correlation coefficients between experimental and calculated values of
activity, for A2780, were 0.804 and 0.829, respectively, and for T-47D, we got 0.820 for the
training set and 0.927 for the test set. Comparing multiple linear regression and ANN models,
the latter were better suited in establishing relationships between compounds structure and
their anticancer activity
43
44
45
46
47
Positive cooperativity between host conformational equilibria and guest binding has been
widely reported in protein receptors. However, reported examples of this kind of cooperativity
in synthetic hosts are scarce and largely serendipitous, among other things because it is hard
to envision systems which display this kind of cooperativity. In order to shed some light on the
correlation between conformational equilibria of free host and guest binding, selected
structural modifications have been performed over a family of nonpreorganized hosts in order
to induce conformational changes and to analyze their effect on the binding affinity. The
conformational effect was evaluated by a theoretical conformational search and correlated
with the ability of the receptors. All data suggest that those receptors that display the best
association constants are able to sample folded conformations analogous to the
conformational requirements for the binding of the guests. On the contrary, for those
receptors where folded conformers are scarce, then the association constant and
enantioselectivity clearly drop.
48
The Ugi multicomponent reaction involves the combination of an amine, an acid, a carbonyl
compound and an isocyanide to produce a diamide. Several diamides obtained by this
methodology have shown cytotoxic effects. In order to evaluate their cellular metabolism inin
vitroassays it is necessary to develop techniques that allow the unambiguous identification of
these compounds and their metabolites. Most classical methods lack the minimal required
sensitivity since the expected concentrations in both culture media and intracellular
environments are very low (around 106M). The present work reports the synthesis of the two
cinnamic acid-derived diamides N-(1-(tert-butylamino)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-Nphenethylcinnamamide
and
N-(1-(tert-butylamino)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-Nphenylcinnamamide by a "one-step-one-pot" procedure, as well as the study of their
fragmentation pathways by mass spectrometry. The characterization of certain fragment ions
could be a tool for the detection of these compounds and their derived metabolites in complex
biological matrices.
49
This account describes our studies on the synthesis of natural products that contain cyclic
ethers in their structures. An overview of the main methodologies is presented and several
total syntheses developed by the group are described. We also discuss new applications based
on the use of Prins and Nicolas reactions as key steps in the preparation of oxygenated
heterocyclic compounds.
1 Introduction
1.1 Natural Sources and Biogenesis
2 CarbonOxygen Bond-Formation Approach
2.1 Intramolecular Opening of Epoxy Alcohols and Related Bromo Cyclizations
2.2 Intramolecular Hetero-Michael Reaction of Alkoxy -Benzoyloxy ,-Unsaturated Esters
2.3 Intramolecular Nicholas Reaction
3 Ring-Closing Metathesis of Unsaturated Linear Ethers
4 Prins Cyclization Promoted by Iron(III) salts
4.1 General Strategy
4.2 Cyclization Using Alkynols and the Formation of Vinyl -Halides
4.3 The Use of Trimethylsilyl and Electron-Withdrawing Substituents in the Synthesis of 2,6Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans
4.4 Catalytic Prins Cyclization
4.5 Synthesis of Oxepanes
5 Summary
50
51
The structural determination of small organic molecules is mainly undertaken by using NMR
techniques, although it is increasingly supplemented by using computational methods. NMR
parameters, such as chemical shifts and coupling constants, are extremely sensitive indicators
of local molecular conformation and are a source of structural evidence. However, their
interpretation is fairly challenging in many circumstances, such as the case of the new
polyether squalene derivative nivariol, the structure of which was elucidated by means of NMR
spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The potential flexibility of this molecule and the high
number of quaternary carbn atoms that it contains make its configurational assignment very
difficult. Moreover, the relative configuration of four separated stereoclusters was established
and subsequently connected by using NOE and J-based analysis, as well as by a comparison of
its experimental 13C NMR chemical shifts with the corresponding population-weighted values,
as calculated by using DFT methods. Limitations of these used approaches became apparent
but were overcome by combining the two methods.
52
Okadaic acid (OA) has been an invaluable pharmacological tool in the study of cellular
signaling. The great affinity of this polyether for its targets together with its high specificity to
inhibit certain protein phosphatases enables the differential study of these proteins.
Crystallographic structures of protein phosphatases in complex with OA show a 1:1 protein to
toxin ratio. Nevertheless, it has been found that OA is able to self-associate under certain
conditions although very little is known about the importance of this phenomenon. Here we
review the available knowledge on the latter topic and we report on the existence of an
unusual self-associated tetrameric form. The structure of these oligomers is proposed based
on spectroscopic data and molecular modeling calculations.
53
Marine organisms are an increasingly important source of novel metabolites, some of which
have already inspired or become new drugs. In addition, many of these molecules show a high
degree of novelty from a structural and/or pharmacological point of view. Structure
determination is generally achieved by the use of a variety of spectroscopic methods, among
which NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) plays a major role and determination of the
stereochemical relationships within every new molecule is generally the most challenging part
in structural determination. In this communication, we have chosen okadaic acid as a model
compound to perform a computational chemistry study to predict 1H and 13C NMR chemical
shifts. The effect of two different solvents and conformation on the ability of DFT (density
functional theory) calculations to predict the correct stereoisomer has been studied.
54
Okadaic acid (OKA) and analogues are frequent contaminants of coastal waters and seafood.
Structure analysis of the isolated OKA analogue 19-epi-OKA showed important conformation
differences expected to result in lower protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitory potencies than
OKA. However, 19-epi-OKA and OKA inhibitory activities versus PP2A were unexpectedly found
to be virtually equipotent. To investigate the toxicological relevance of these findings, we
tested the effects of 19-epi-OKA on cultured cerebellar cells and compared them with those of
OKA and its isomer dinophysistoxin-2. 19-epi-OKA caused degeneration of neurites and
neuronal death with much lower potency than its congeners. The concentration of 19-epi-OKA
that reduced after 24 h the maximum neuronal survival (EC5024) by 50% was ~300nM
compared with ~2nM and ~8nM for OKA and dinophysistoxin-2, respectively. Exposure to 19epi-OKA resulted also in less toxicity for cultured glial cells (EC5024,19-epi-OKA ~ 600nM;
EC5024,OKA ~ 20nM). 19-epi-OKA induced apoptotic condensation and fragmentation of
chromatin, activation of caspases, and activation of ERK1/2 MAP kinases, features previously
reported for OKA and dinophysistoxin-2. Also, differential sensitivity to 19-epi-OKA was
observed between neuronal and glial cells, a specific characteristic shared by OKA and
dinophysistoxin-2 but not by other toxins. Our results are consistent with 19-epi-OKA being
included among the group of toxins of OKA and derivatives and support the suitability of
cellular bioassays for the detection of these compounds.
55
56
57
58
Sixteen dihydro-b-agarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from the aerial parts of Schaefferia
argentinensisSpeg. Their structures were determined by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and
MS techniques.The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the major sesquiterpenes was examined
in T47D, MCF7, andMDA-MB231 human cancer cell lines, but was found to be marginal.
59
A set of twenty one lycorenine derivatives has been prepared from the alkaloid hippeastrine
(1). Themodifications performed on hippeastrine included some functional
grouptransformations, structuralsimplification and preparation of dimers. All alkaloids were
tested as potential antimalarial agents, beingthe hippeastrine dimers the most active
compounds.
60
In the present study, a series of metallic complexes of the 1,4-naphthoquinone lawsone (26)
were synthesizedand evaluated for potential cytotoxicity in a mouse leukemic macrophagic
RAW 264.7 cell line.Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Significant growth
inhibition was observed for the coppercomplex (4) with an IC50 value of 2.5 lM. This
compound was selected for further evaluation of cytotoxicactivity on several human cancer
cells including HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), HepG2(human hepatocellular
carcinoma) and HeLa, (human cervical adenocarcinoma cells). Significant cell viabilitydecrease
was also observed in HepG2 cells. The apoptotic potential of this complex was evaluatedin
these cells. Compound 4 induced apoptosis by a mechanism that involves the activation of
caspases 3,8 and 9 and modulation of apoptotic-related proteins such as Bax, Bad, and p53.
These results indicatethat metal complexes of lawsone derivatives, in particular compound 4,
might be used for the designof new antitumoral agents.
61
Carina Casero, Ana Estvez-Braun, ngel G. Ravelo, Mirta Demo, Sebastin Mndezlvarezd, and Flix Machn
Currently, there is a pressing need for novel antibacterial agents against drug-resistant
bacteria, especially those which have been common in our communities and hospitals, such as
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The South American plant Achyrocline
satureioides (Marcela) has been widely used in traditional medicine for a number of
diseases, including infections. Several crude extracts from this plant have shown good
antimicrobial activities in vitro. In the search for the active principle (s) that confers these
antimicrobial activities, we have processed the dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts
of the plant. One of the isolated compounds showed extraordinary antibacterial activities
against a set of clinically relevant Gram-positive strains that widely differ in their antibiogram
profiles. This compound was identified as achyrofuran on the basis of its spectroscopic and
physical data. We determined the MIC to be around 0.1 _M (0.07 _g/ml) for the reference
methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strain NRS402. Moreover,
nanomolar concentrations of achyrofuran killed 106 bacteria within 12 h. Based on the
presence of the 2,2_-biphenol core, we further studied whether achyrofuran killed bacteria
through a mechanism of action similar to that reported for the naturally occurring antibiotic
MC21-A. Indeed, we found that achyrofuran was not bacteriolytic by itself although it greatly
compromised membrane impermeability as determined by increased SYTOX Green uptake.
62
Fatty acids are of great nutritional, therapeutic, and physiological importance, especially the
polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, possessing larger carbon chains and abundant double bonds
or their immediate precursors. A few higher plant species are able to accumulate these
compounds, like those belonging to the Echium genus. Here, the novel E. acanthocarpum hairy
root system, which is able to accumulatemany fatty acids, including stearidonic and -linolenic
acids,was optimized for a better production.The application of abiotic stress resulted in larger
yields of stearidonic and -linolenic acids, 60 and 35%, respectively, with a decrease in linoleic
acid, when grown in a nutrient medium consisting of B5 basal salts, sucrose or glucose, and,
more importantly, at a temperature of 15 C. The application of osmotic stress employing
sorbitol showed no positive influence on the fatty acid yields; furthermore, the combination of
a lower culture temperature and glucose did not show a cumulative boosting effect on the
yield, although this carbon source was similarly attractive. The abiotic stress also influenced
the lipid profile of the cultures, significantly increasing the phosphatidylglycerol fraction but
not the total lipid neither their biomass, proving the appropriateness of applying various
abiotic stress in this culture to achieve larger yields.
63
ernndez-Trujillo, Rita
Reaction of [Mo3 (3-S)(-S)3 ] clusters with alkynes usually leads to formation of two CS
bonds between thealkyne and two of the bridging sulfi des. The resulting compounds contain a
bridging alkenedithiolate ligand, and the metal centers appear to play a passive role despite
reactions at those sites being well illustrated for this kind of cluster. A detailed study including
kinetic measurements and DFT calculations has been carried out to understand the mechanism
of reaction of the [Mo3 (3-S)(-S)3 (H2O)9 ]4+ cluster with two diff erent alkynes, 2-butyne-1,4diol and acetylenedicarboxylic acid. Stoppedfl ow experiments indicate that the reaction
involves the appearance in a single kinetic step of a band at 855 or 875 nm, depending on the
alkyne used, a position typical of clusters with two CS bonds. The eff ects of the
concentrations of the reagents, the acidity, and the reaction medium on the rate of reaction
have been analyzed. DFT and TD-DFT calculations provide information on the nature of the
product formed, its electronic spectrum and the energy profi le for the reaction. The structure
of the transition state indicates that the alkyne approaches the cluster in a lateral way and
both C S bonds are formed simultaneously.
64
In this work, the reaction of 7-oxo-diterpenes with diacetoxyiodobenzene (DIB) has been
proved to be a good method for the preparation of gibberellin analogues, which can be applied
to diterpenes with endocyclic or exocyclic double bonds. It has been studied with ent-kaur-16ene, ent-trachylobane and ent-atis-16-ene diterpenes. Thus, the reaction of 7-oxo-ent-kaur-16en-18-oic acid methyl ester and 7-oxo-ent-trachyloban-16-en-18-oic acid methyl ester with this
reagent affords 4-epi-gibberellin A12 dimethyl ester and 4-epi-trachylobagibberellin A12
dimethyl ester, respectively. In some cases, especially with compounds functionalized at C-19,
alternative reactions lead to the introduction in the substrate of a conjugated 5,6-double bond
or to the formation of a ketal at the 6-position. Thus, the formation of gibberellin analogues,
dehydrogenation products or 6-ketal derivatives depend on the neighbouring group
participation of the C-18 (equatorial) and C-19 (axial) substituents at C-4.
65
66
Broussonetone A (1) and broussonetone B (2), two novel dimeric abietane diterpenes, have
been isolatedfrom Salvia broussonetii root cultures transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
The structure of broussonetone A was determined from spectroscopic data and confirmed by
X-ray analysis. This dimer can be formed by a [4+2]-cycloaddition of two molecules of 13bhydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one. NMR data of broussonetone B indicated that the C-20
methyl in part B of the broussonetone A molecule had been substituted by an aldehyde group.
Thus, broussonetone B could be formed by an analogous Diels Alder reaction between 13bhydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one as the dienophile and its 20- oxo derivative as the
electrophile.
67
Two novel coordination polymers, {[CuL2(H2O)2]X2}n, with L = ethane-1,2-diyl bis(pyridine-3carboxylate) and X=ClO4 ; NO3 have been prepared by self-assembly of Cu(II) salts with L in
THF/H2O system. The IR, TGA, and the reflectance spectra in the solid state have been
recorded, and both complexes were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography
confirming that the complexes are one-dimensional coordination isotypic polymers, and L
actsin a 2-N,N_-bidentate fashion to link Cu(II) cations to form a double-stranded chain along
[001]. The main structural motifs difference between both compounds is related to
supramolecular self-assembly.
68
The title compound, C26H20N2O2, was prepared by the reaction of p-anisidine with
terephthaldialdehyde and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone at room temperature. A mixture of p-anisidine
(3 mmol) and isophthalaldehyde (1.5 mmol) in anhydrous CH3CN (5 mL) under N2, was stirred
at room temperature for 1 hour. BiCl3 (20mol%)was added. Over a period of 20min, a solution
the N-vinyl-2-pirrolidone (3.1 mmol) in CH3CN (5 mL) was added dropwise. The
resultingmixture was stirred for 8-10 h. After completion of the reaction as indicated by TLC,
the reaction mixture was diluted with (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3X10 mL). The
organic layer was separated, and dried with Na2SO4. The organic solvent was removed in vacuo
and the resulting product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, petroleum
ether/EtOAc) to afford pure substances, tetrahydroquinoline and 1,3-bis(6-methoxyquinolin-2yl)benzene.
69
Quinazoline derivatives represent one of the most active clases of compounds possessing a
wide spectrum of biological activity. Several reports have been published on the biological
activityof quinazoline derivatives, including their bactericidal, herbal and anti-tumor activity.
Thus, their synthesis has been of great interest in the elaboration of biologically active
heterocyclic compounds. In the title structure there are two crystographically independant
molecules in the asymmetric unit. The bond lengths and angles are in the expected ranges. The
dihedral angles between the mean plane of quinazoline system [for the non-H atoms, r.m.s.
deviations = 0.044 and 0.052 ] and the phenyl ring are 87.01(10) and 84.59(10). In the crystal
structure there are two intramolecular and two intermolecular NHNand CHOhydrogen
bond interactions respectively. Themolecules interact with neigbouring molecules via
intermolecular NHN hydrogen bonds forming chains with graph-set notation C along.
70
ernando Pinacho
71
In continuation of our work on Maytenus salicifolia, we report herein the isolation and
structural elucidation of two new compounds, salicassin (1), a diterpene-chalcone adduct with
an unprecedented Cframework, and (16b)-16-hydroxypristimerin (2), a quinone methide
triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including
1D- and 2D-NMR techniques (COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC). In addition, 22 known
compounds were isolated and characterized by comparison of their spectra with reported
data. Compound 2, structurally related to the well known cytotoxic quinone methide
triterpenoids, exhibited an antiproliferative effect on HeLa, A-549, and HL- 60 human cell lines,
with IC50 values of 2.2, 3.2, and 2.7 mm, respectively.
72
Two new pentacyclic triterpenoids, xyloketal (1), a 3,25-epoxy-olean-12-ene, and 3b,21adihydrox- yglut-5-ene (2) along with seven known triterpene compounds (39) were isolated
from the root barks of Cassine xylocarpa and Celastrus vulcanicola. Their structures were
characterized by spectroscopic methods, mainly NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY) and
EIMS, and comparison with data reported in the literature. Also molecular mechanic
calculations were used to calculate the minimum energy conformer of compound 1 and its
epimer.
73
The present study deals with the isolation and identification of three valepotriate hydrines that
are first reported in Valeriana pavonii Poepp. & Endl. (Valerianaceae), which were obtained
from a dichloromethane fraction showing anticonvulsant activity in vivo. The isolation and
purification of dichloromethane fraction was carried out by chromatographic techniques. The
compounds were identified by comparison of their 1H and 13C NMR spectra with previously
published data in scientific literature. Maximal electroshock seizure was used as in vivo
pharmacological test, additionally in vitro GABA-A/BDZ-binding site studies were performed.
Three valepotriate hydrines: valtrate acetoxyhydrine (1), valtrate isovaleroyloxyhydrine (2) and
valtrate chlorohydrine (3), were isolated from a dichloromethane fraction that offered 90%
protection against crisis-like tonic-clonic seizures in an in vivo pharmacological maximal
electroshock seizure (MES) test in mice (35 mg/kg, p.o.). According to an in vitro GABA-A/BDZ
binding site test, the mechanism of action for these compounds does not involve binding to
the GABA-A receptor. These compounds are reported in this species for the first time. The
valepotriate hydrines isolated from V. pavonii could be active metabolites of this species with
anticonvulsant properties, however further in vivo an in vitro studies are required. Their
molecular mechanisms of action are unrelated to the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor.
74
New triangular Mo(IV) and W(IV) incomplete cuboidal cluster complexes containing three 2diethyldithiophosphates(dtp, one per metal centre) and a 2()-AcO or 2()-dtp ligand
bridging two of these centreshave been prepared as mono-substituted derivatives and
characterized by the usual techniques plussingle crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in some
cases. In the compounds, the single substitutionally available unlocked position is coordinated
to different N-donor ligands (1,2-bis(pyridyl)ethylene, pyrimidine, pyrazine) or to the residual
solvent. The compounds are very labile and the N-donor ligands are only weakly coordinated,
being easily substituted by other donors or coordinating solvents such as acetonitrile. This
lability has been explored kinetico-mechanistically by stopped-flow techniques at varying
temperatures for the compound [Mo3S4(2-dtp)3(2()-dtp)(H2O)]. By doing so, the nature of
the activation process leading to substitution reactions on these complexes has been
established as associatively activated and dominated by a very low formation equilibrium
constant, that is, by the substitution of the incoming N-donor ligand. Furthermore, the
existence of a non-dissociatively activated trigonal 60 fluxional twist has also been established
for the 2-dtp ligand on the single unlocked position. The lability of the system has also
enabled the association in dimers of the acetato derivative, i.e. [Mo3S4-(2-dtp)3(2()AcO)(H2O)], via a pyrazine bridging ligand. After a very careful tuning of the reaction
conditions, as established from the kinetico-mechanistic studies, the first single-bridged
unsupported dimeric association of {Mo3S4} units, i.e. [{Mo3S4(2-dtp)3(2()-AcO)}2(pyrazine)], has been structurally characterised.
75
The first oxo-selenide tungsten cluster [W3(3-Se)(-O)3(H2O)9]4+ has been prepared by means
of in situ reductive selenidation of WO42- with H2Se at 60 C in high yield. The aqua complex
has been converted by ligand exchange into (MeImH)5[W3(3-Se)( -O)3(NCS)9] (MeIm is Nmethylimidazol), whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis, and into [W3(3-Se)( O)3(acac)3py)3]PF6. The compounds have been characterised by 1H NMR, ESI-MS, and cyclic
voltammetry.
76
There is an urgency to find new treatments for the devastating epidemic of diabetes.
Pancreatic b-cells viability and function are impaired in the two most common forms of
diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Regeneration of pancreatic b-cells has been proposed as a
potential therapy for diabetes. In a preliminary study, we screened a collection of marine
products for b-cell proliferation. One unique compound (epoxypukalide) showed capability to
induce b-cell replication in the cell line INS1 832/ 13 and in primary rat cell cultures.
Epoxypukalide was used to study b-cell proliferation by [3H] thymidine incorporation and BrdU
incorporation followed by BrdU/insulin staining in primary cultures of rat islets. AKT and
ERK1/2 signalling pathways were analyzed. Cell cycle activators, cyclin D2 and cyclin E, were
detected by western-blot. Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3. b-cell
function was measured by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Epoxypukalide induced 2.5fold increase in b-cell proliferation; this effect was mediated by activation of ERK1/2 signalling
pathway and upregulation of the cell cycle activators, cyclin D2 and cyclin E. Interestingly,
epoxypukalide showed protection from basal (40% lower versus control) and cytokine-induced
apoptosis (80% lower versus control). Finally, epoxypukalide did not impair b-cell function
when measured by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In conclusion, epoxypukalide induces
b-cell proliferation and protects against basal and cytokine-mediated b-cell death in primary
cultures of rat islets. These findings may be translated into new treatments for diabetes.
77
A concentric delivery system, composed of the three biomaterials SPU, PLGA, and bTCP
(segmented polyurethane, poly[lactic-co-glycolic acid], and b-tricalcium phosphate) was
fabricated as an external, porous ring of bTCP with a pasty core of a new SPU, mixed with PLGA
microspheres. The regenerative effects of two distinct doses of either immediately available or
continuously released rhBMP-2 were evaluated in an 8 mm, critical calvaria defect in rats.
Protein dose and release kinetics affected material resorption rates and the progression of the
regeneration process. Groups treated with the empty system alone or in conjunction with free
rhBMP-2 did not respond. By contrast, after 12 weeks, approximately 20% and 60% of the
defects implanted with systems loaded with 1.6 lg and 6.5 lg rhBMP-2, respectively were
healed, with all the growth factor being released in the course of 6 weeks. The NMR, FTIR,
GPC, DSC, and histological analyses showed that PLGA microsphere degradation occurred
independently of the regenerative process. However, the resorption rate of the SPU and bTCP
did depend on the regeneration process, which was governed by dose and release rate of
rhBMP-2. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and high capacity of adaptation to the defect
convert the herein proposed, new SPU polymer into a potential material for applications in
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
78
ATP being probably the first neurotransmitter, it seems plausible that the history of secretion
started from the fusin of an ATP-contained vesicle with the cell membrane. Newly created
transmitters found purinergic vesicles already made. All vesicles accumulate H+: the pH, the
electric gradient or both are required for concentrating most transmitters inside. The proton
gradient is produced by the V-ATPase, which is also activated by ATP, another fact to think
about. Nevertheless, although this commentary will not change any biological fact, we should
consider that perhaps exocytosis of ATP is the pillar for understanding cell-to-cell
communication.
79
Catecholamines (CAs) and granin peptides are costored in dense-core vesicles within the
chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and in other endocrine organs and neurons. Granins
play a major functional and structural role in chromaffin cells but are ubiquitous proteins,
which are present also in secretory cells of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems,
where they regulate a number of cellular functions. Furthermore, recent studies also
demonstrate that granin-derived peptides can functionally interact with CA to modulate key
physiological functions such as lipolysis and blood pressure. In this chapter, we will provide a
brief update on the interaction between CA and granins at the cellular and organ levels. We
will first discuss recent data on the regulation of exocytosis of CA and peptides from the
chromaffin cells by the sympathetic nervous system with a specific reference to the prominent
role played by splanchnic nerve-derived pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
(PACAP). Secondly, we will discuss the role of granins in the storage and regulation of
exocytosis in large dense-core vesicles. Finally, we will provide an up-to-date review of the
roles played by two granin-derived peptides, the chromogranin A-derived peptide catestatin
and the VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21, on lipolysis and obesity. In conclusion, the knowledge
gathered from recent findings on the role played by proteins/peptides in the
sympathetic/target cell synapses, discussed in this chapter, would contribute to and provide
novel mechanistic support for an increased appreciation of the physiological role of CA in
human pathophysiology.
80
Chromogranins (Cgs) are acidic proteins implicated in several physiological processes, including
the biogenesis and sorting of secretory vesicles, the generation of bioactive peptides, and the
accumulation of soluble species inside large dense core vesicles (LDCV). Indeed, Cgs are the
main protein component of the vesicular matrix in LDCV, and they are involved in the
concentration of soluble species like neurotransmitters and calcium. Experiments using
electrochemical techniques such amperometry, patch amperometry, and intracellular
electrochemistry have clarified the functional roles of Cgs in the accumulation and release of
catecholamines. We have focused this review at a single event of exocytosis of chromaffin cells
from three mouse strains lacking Cgs. Accordingly, in this brief review, we will focus on the role
of Cgs in maintaining the intravesicular environment of secretory vesicles and in exocytosis,
bringing together the most recent findings from studies on adrenal chromaffin cells.
81
82
de incubacin. A continuacin, usando S. algae CECT 5021 como modelo, se seleccionaron 4 medios con diferentes
cocientes biopelcula:crecimiento y se determin en ellos la concentracin inhibitoria media (IC 50) de tres biocidas
comnmente empleados en la formulacin de revestimientos antifouling (TBTO, tralopyril y piritiona de zinc)
haciendo uso de tres inculos diferentes. Finalmente, las caractersticas de las biopelculas de S. algae generadas en
los medios anteriores fueron determinadas directamente en agua de mar mediante microscopa confocal (espesor,
densidad celular) y microscopa de fuerzas atmicas (propiedades nanomecnicas).
Agradecimientos: Esta investigacin ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad a travs de
los proyectos CTQ2011-28417-C02-01/BQU y SAF2011-28883-C03-01. El ponente agradece a la Plataforma Ocenica
de Canarias la financiacin recibida a travs de una beca formativa.
Resumen: La preparacin y sntesis de nanopartculas metlicas ha ganado un gran inters debido a las particulares
propiedades pticas, magnticas, elctricasy catalticasque presentan, muchas de las cuales, as como sus posibles
aplicaciones son inherentes y fuertemente dependientes tanto de su pequeo tamao como de sus formas. Como
consecuencia, se han desarrollado un gran nmero de procedimientos, tanto fsicos como qumicos que permiten la
obtencin de nanopartculas (NPs) de distinta naturaleza, con unas dimensiones y caractersticas morfolgicas
controladas.
En base a sus propiedades nicas, las NPs se consideran un puente entre la catlisis homognea y heterognea, ya
que si se consigue la sntesis de NPs lo suficientemente pequeas, tericamente podemos asumir que, con el
descenso en el tamao de partcula el comportamiento del catalizador pasa a asemejarse al de un sistema
homogneo en el que la actividad cataltica no est controlada por la superficie activa disponible durante el
proceso, sino preferentemente por la concentracin del mismo.
En esta comunicacin presentamos los trabajos realizados para la preparacin y caracterizacin de nanopartculas
metlicas de distinta naturaleza y tamao, as como la evaluacin de su actividad como catalizadores en reacciones
orgnicas multicomponente, que conducen a la obtencin de productos naturales con contrastada actividad
biolgica.
Concretamente, se presentan los resultados obtenidos connanopartculas de magnetita (Fe 3O4-NP) y plata (AgNP),
preparadas por distintos procedimientos y caracterizadas por tcnicas diferentes, como la microscopa electrnica
de barrido (SEM) y la espectroscopa de absorcin molecular UV.
Se ha tenido en cuenta en el desarrollo del trabajo caractersticas de la qumica verde, como la economa de tomos
que previene la produccin de desechos, o el uso de disolventes y catalizadores recuperables no contaminantes.
83
Resumen: Los lquidos inicos pueden ser excelentes disolventes para reacciones catalizadas dada su gran
1
capacidad de disolver complejos metlicos, por lo que los procesos catalticos pasan a ser homogneos. Tambin se
han estudiado algunos procesos en los que los lquidos inicos mismos actan como catalizadores gracias a las
caractersticas cido-base o redox que muestran.
Los lquidos inicos representan una alternativa verde a los disolventes habitualmente usados en las reacciones
orgnicas, debido a sus propiedades y reusabilidad.
En nuestro grupo de investigacin se han preparado lquidos inicos de distinta estructura y con diferentes aniones.
Los primeros obtenidos fueron de tipo simtrico a partir del Imidazol, luego se prepararon tambin asimtricos a
2
partir del metilimidazol, mostrando comportamientos diferentes en cuanto a su capacidad cataltica. Con el fin de
obtener una librera de lquidos inicos asimtricamente sustituidos de manera fcil y controlada, hemos aplicado
3
una estrategia sinttica general a partir de la sal sdica del imidazol, con excelente rendimiento en los casos
ensayados. El objetivo de la formacin de dicha librera es su utilizacin posterior en reacciones Qumicas de
inters, como disolventes y co-catalizadores, cosa que hemos llevado ya a cabo en algunos casos.
1r'
OR
OR
H
4r'
RO
OR
O
H
OR
O
H RO
1g
1r
6g
H
H
O H
H
H
RO
O
H
Me
3
r
4r
OR1OR2
OR OR
Resumen: En fechas recientes hemos descrito el aislamiento e identificacin estructural de cinco nuevos flavonol
tetraglicsidos del Delphinium gracile DC [1] y cuatro nuevos flavonol glicsidos del D. staphisagria L., este ltimo
recolectado en la Isla de Tenerife [2]. Ahora damos cuenta del aislamiento y elucidacin estructural de dos nuevos
tetraglicsidos acilados de la quercetina del D. gracile y un nuevo kaempferol 3-O-(2-acetil--glucopiransido)-7O--ramnopiransido del D. staphisagria. Nuestra investigacin sobre los componentes minoritarios de las
fracciones menos polares del extracto etanlico del D. gracile condujo al aislamiento de dos nuevos flavonol
tetraglicsidos 1 y 2 (Fig. 1). Para evitar las dificultades de aislamiento y la posible descomposicin que se produce
con frecuencia en este tipo de flavonoides, la mezcla fue acetilada de la manera habitual. Las estructuras fueron
determinadas por mtodos espectrales y qumicos
84
4'
RO
3'
OR
7
3
O
OR
1g
H
2g
1g'
RO
6g
3r
4r
OR1
H
H
H
Me
RO
H
OR
1r
H
O
H
OR
OR
1xyl
RO
RO RO
1: R = H, R1 = trans-p-caffeoyl
2: R = H, R1 = trans-p-coumaroyl
2a: R = Ac, R1 = trans-p-coumaroyl Ac
3a: R = Ac, R1 = cis-p-coumaroyl
H
H
H
OR
RO
Resumen: Miles de personas en todo el mundo estn afectadas por las llamadas enfermedades olvidadas o
desatendidas para las cuales no se dispone de tratamientos eficaces o adecuados. La leishmaniasis es una de las
enfermedades olvidadas que reconoce la Organizacin Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
La leishmaniasis origina importantes problemas de salud pblica debido a la amplia diversidad en las formas clnicas
producidas segn la especie de Leishmania, pudiendo tratarse de: lesiones cutneas, mucosas o viscerales.
Especialmente relevante es el impacto psicolgico en las personas afectadas por la forma mucocutnea que
.
provoca mutilaciones difciles de tratar Se ha ensayado la actividad in vitro de diferentes compuestos flavonoides,
extrados de la planta Delphinium gracile
R = alquilo, arilo.
R' = arilo.
En los productos sintetizados en los que el cromforo triazlico posee un sustituyente aromtico se observa la
gelificacin de las muestras en DMSO, lo cual es indicativo de un proceso de autoensamblaje espontneo. Los
estudios de Dicrosmo Circular, Microscopa Electrnica de Barrido (SEM) y difraccin de Rayos X confirman la
formacin de una arquitectura supramolecular altamente organizada, de inters potencial en nanotecnologa.
85
Resumen: Los politeres marinos son productos naturales con una amplia diversidad estructural y una
variada bioactividad. Dentro de estos metabolitos secundarios, los politeres derivados del escualeno forman
un importante subgrupo, siendo su principal fuente de obtencin el alga roja Laurencia viridis, endmica de las
1
Islas Canarias. La elucidacin estructural de este tipo de oxaescualenoides, a los que pertenecen 15,16Epoxitirsiferol A y B (1 y 2, respectivamente), es a menudo complicada debido a la gran cantidad de centros
estereognicos presentes en su estructura. Por este motivo es frecuente recurrir, adems de a la
elucidacin por mtodos espectroscpicos y computacionales, al estudio de anlogos sintticos simplificados.
El epoxialcohol genrico 3 es una simplificacin estructural de la parte central de 1 y 2. En este trabajo se
muestra la sntesis enantioselectiva de los cuatro posibles diasteremeros de 3, tras ocho etapas de reaccin y
empleando como material de partida 4, comercialmente disponible. La introduccin de la estereoqumica se
2
controla haciendo uso de la epoxidacin asimtrica de Katsuki-Sharpless.
Con estos productos en mano, se puede llevar a cabo un estudio ms exhaustivo de la configuracin absoluta
presente en los oxaescualenoides 1 y 2.
Agradecimientos: Este proyecto ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economa y Competividad (MINECO) y
cofinanciado con fondos FEDER (CTQ2011-28417-C02-01). S.J.A.-M. Agradece al MECyD por la beca FPU concedida.
86
Resumen: Uno de los objetivos de nuestro grupo de investigacin se centra en la sntesis de teres cclicos
presentes en productos marinos. Desde un punto de vista prctico sera ideal partir de las molculas ms sencillas
posible, generar un proceso con econo ma de tomos y utilizar catalizadores benignos y sostenibles con el medio
ambiente. En este caso se propone una estrategia basada en el uso de un proceso en tndem reaccin nica
ciclacin de Prins catalizada por sales de hierro (III). En un solo paso, y pasando a travs de un alcohol
homoallico como intermedio, se consigue un anillo de tetrahidropirano tetrasustituido.
Figura 2.- Reaccin nica ciclacin de Prins catalizada por sales de Fe(III)
Paralelamente a esta reaccin tndem con economa de tomos, se est investigando un proceso de halogenacin
de alquenos. Los resultados obtenidos hasta este momento indican que, mediante la variacin de las condiciones
de reaccin, se pueden obtener productos halogenados de manera regiocontrolada.
87
para optimizar su potencial aplicacin en clnica como agentes quimioterpicos en el tratamiento del fenmeno de
la MDR en cncer.
Agradecimientos:Esta investigacin ha sido financiada por la Agencia Canaria de Investigacin, Innovacin y
Sociedad de la Informacin (C200801000049), el Programa de Potencial Investigador del Sptimo Programa Marco
(FP-CT2012-316137-IMBRAIN), el Plan Andaluz de Investigacin (Proyectos de Excelencia P08-CTS-03625 y P11-CTS7282), el Plan Nacional de I+D+I (SAF2011-28102 y SAF2012-34267).
Resumen: Durante los ltimos aos, en diversos trabajos se ha puesto de manifiesto la asociacin de una amplia
variedad de actividades biolgicas con estructuras policclicas nitrogenadas. Con el fin de obtener nuevos
compuestos con potencial actividad biolgica, nuestro grupo se ha interesado en la sntesis de compuestos
2
quinnicos nitrogenados a travs de procesos domin.
En esta comunicacin, se presentar la sntesis de naftoimidazoles complejos disustituidos mediante una nueva
reaccin domin a partir de 1,4-dimetoxinaftalen-2-amina y varias iminas (derivadas de la mencionada 1,43
dimetoxinaftil-2-amina) en presencia de Sc(OTf)3.
Asimismo, con los naftoimidazoles obtenidos y mediante una reaccin de oxidacin regio- y quimio-selectiva se
accedi a compuestos orto-quinnicos con interesantes actividades citotxicas y con algn resultado prometedor
como antibacteriano.
88
O
O
OH
H2O O
O
M
O
OH
2
O
1.M=Zn
2.M=Co
3.M=Cu
4.M=Ni
5.M=Mn
lawsona
O
Agradecimientos: Al MICINN (proyecto SAF2009-13296-C02-01) y al MINECO (SAF2012-37344-C03-01) por la
financiacin. S.O.R. agradece al Gobierno de Canarias-ACIISI y al FSE por la beca pre doctoral.
89
menopausia y en el tratamiento de osteoporosis en la mujer, tambin son importantes desde el punto de vista de
4
la prevencin de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Sin embargo a pesar de los avances en el descubrimiento y la identificacin de ligandos selectivos para cada uno de
los subtipos de receptores de estrgeno (ER), muchos de stos no han superado los ensayos clnicos, principalmente
en fase III, como consecuencia de su baja eficacia y por los efectos secundarios que presentan. Lo que hace
imprescindible continuar las investigaciones en esta rea de la qumica mdica
En esta comunicacin presentamos la preparacin de nuevos compuestos qumicos teniendo en cuenta las
5
caractersticas estructurales del estradiol y manteniendo el ncleo central C6-C3-C6 de la genisteina. Todos los
ligandos se sintetizaron a partir de un intermedio tipo chalcona (obtenido por condensacin de acetofenonas y
6
aldehdos comerciales) con posterior ciclacin oxidativa bajo diferentes condiciones de rendimientos.
Tambin presentaremos los resultados de la actividad estrognica y antiestrognica obtenida mediante ensayos de
actividad transcripcional utilizando una lnea celular de cncer de mama dependiente de estrgeno T47D
transfectada de forma establ
En base a los resultados de actividad estrognica y antiestrognica y de acuerdo con su afinidad por los receptores
de estrgeno, hemos diseado un nuevo grupo de molculas para mejorar su perfil como moduladores de
receptores de estrgenos. En el diseo de estos nuevos ligandos hemos considerado algunas de las caractersticas
estructurales del raloxifeno como la introduccin de una cadena lateral tipo piperidinetoxi o pirrolidinetoxi en el
ncleo C6-C3-C6, con el fin de lograr una accin antagonista sobre los tejido ya que est bien documentado que
7,8
este tipo de cadena causa un cambio conformacional en la hlice-12 de ambos receptors.
7
Los modos de unin de estos nuevos compuestos como moduladores del receptor de estrgeno, se analizaron
mediante clculos de Docking Molecular utilizando la versin 5.7 del programa Glide (Schrodinger, Inc.). Los
9
ligandos se situaron en el sitio activo de los receptores utilizando el algoritmo XP (extra Precision), lo que genera
una serie de acoplamientos con diferentes conformaciones y orientaciones para cada compuesto. El complejo ms
cercano a la realidad de cada compuesto se selecciona sobre la base de la de energa acoplamiento o Glide Score
Agradecimientos: Al MICINN (SAF 2009-13296-C02-01) y MINECO (SAF 2012-37344-C03-01) por el apoyo financiero.
AA agradece al Consejo de Desarrollo Cientfico y Humanstico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (CDCH, desde
UCV) la beca pre-doctoral concedida.
Hispanolona
Resumen: Los diterpenos constituyen un grupo de metabolitos secundarios que presentan una variedad de
actividades biolgicas como antitumoral, actividad antinflamatoria y antibacteriana.El diterpeno hispanolona
aislado del gnero Ballota hispnica (Labietae), recientemente ha cobrado un gran inters, ya que ste y algunos
derivados relacionados inducen apoptosis (muerte celular programada) en diferentes lneas celulares tumorales, a
travs de la activacin de la va de los receptores de la muerte.En esta comunicacin daremos cuenta de la
preparacin de una serie de nuevos derivados de hispanolona a partir de transformaciones selectivas sobre el anillo
furnico y el grupo carbonilo. Asimismo comentaremos los resultados obtenidos en la actividad citotxica frente la
lnea celular macrofgica RAW 264.7.
Agradecimientos: A MINECO (SAF 2012-37344-C03-01) la financiacin.
90
Resumen: Embelina (1) es una benzoquinona natural aislada de la especie Embelia ribes de gran inters en Qumica
Mdica por las diversas bioactividades que presenta tales como antifertilizante, antitumoral, anti-inflamatoria,
1
analgsica, antioxidante, hepatoprotectora y antibacteriana . La mayora de los derivados de embelina han sido
2
sintetizados atendiendo a la sustitucin de la cadena alqulica por otros grupos alqulicos, benclicos o aromticos .
Nuestro grupo ha llevado a cabo la preparacin de diversos derivados incorporando un anillo heterocclico
3
fusionado al ncleo quinnico mediante reacciones multicomponentes . El aumento de complejidad ha llevado a la
obtencin de compuestos con una excelente actividad antibacteriana.
En esta comunicacin, presentamos una sntesis eficiente de nuevos derivados dihidropirano de embelina a partir
de proceso domin organocaltico que involucra una condensacin Knoevenagel y una electrociclacin-6 usando
una variedad de aldehdos insaturados.
Aradecimientos: Al MICINN (SAF 2009-13296-C02-01) y MECC (SAF 2012-37344-C03-01) por el soporte financiero.
Las chalconas son compuestos de origen natural presentes en un gran nmero de especies vegetales y que suelen
ejercen un papel importante en los mecanismos de defensa planta-patgeno. Los derivados de chalconas son
asociadas con algunas actividades biolgicas relevantes tales como actividad fungicida, antitumoral, antibacteriana,
1
antimalrica y antiulcerosa. Trabajos previos revelan que la formacin de complejos metlicos aumenta la actividad
2
biolgica de las mismas.
En esta comunicacin damos cuenta de la preparacin de una batera de complejos metlicos de Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II),
Zn(II), Mn(II) y Ru(II) a partir de diversas 2-hidroxi-chalconas sintetizadas por condensacin de hidroxi-acetofenonas
con aldehdos aromticos en presencia de un medio bsico. Los complejos fueron caracterizados por anlisis
elemental, espectroscopa infrarroja, espectrometra de masas y para el complejo de cobre con el derivado del
91
92
productos marinos, se han aprobado y comercializado nueve frmacos de origen marino, y otros tantos se
encuentran en fases I, II y III de ensayos clnicos. Entre las lneas de investigacin desarrolladas en nuestro grupo,
dirigidas hacia la bsqueda de nuevas sustancias bioactivas de origen marino, se est llevando a cabo el estudio del
2
tunicado Pyura stolonifera. Sobre esta especie, que junto a otros miembros del gnero Pyura, presenta la
particularidad de contar con una larga tradicin gastronmica, se han realizado muy pocos estudios qumicos. En la
presente comunicacin se describen los resultados preliminares obtenidos del estudio qumico y de las pruebas de
evaluacin biolgica realizados a partir del extracto metanlico de un grupo poblacional de Pyura stolonifera
recolectado en Quebrada el Way, Baha de Antofagasta, Chile.
Agradecimientos: Este trabajo est financiado por el proyecto de investigacin MAREX [FP7-KBBE-2009-3-245137].
R.G.B. agradece al Ministerio de Educacin, Cultura y Deporte la beca de colaboracin concedida.
Ttulo: Nuevos Sesquiterpenos Aislados de Perezia recurvata, una Planta de la Regin Austral
de Chile.
Autores: A. Gallardo; M. Cueto; A.R. Daz-Marrero; A. Oyarzn Cuevas; V. Fajardo; J. Darias.
Tipo de presentacin: Poster
Resumen: Los estudios fitoqumicos de la subtribu Nassauviinae, han permitido el aislamiento y caracterizacin de
un gran nmero de sesquiterpenos que presentan un esqueleto poco usual, iso- -cedrano, que parece ser
representativo de esta tribu. Estos sesquiterpenos se han aislado de especies de los gneros Jungia, Moschariu,
Perezia, Proustia, Pleocarpus y Trixis.
El gnero Perezia, con cerca de 30 especies, se distribuye principalmente en Amrica del Sur, en la Regin de los
Andes. En este trabajo informamos del aislamiento y caracterizacin de tres sesquiterpenos (dos de ellos nuevos)
con esqueleto cedrano, aislados de Perezia recurvata (Vahl) Lessing (Asteraceae). Las estructuras fueron
determinadas mediante estudios espectroscpicos. La configuracin relativa de los productos se estableci
mediante anlisis de experimentos NOESY y estudios de mecnica molecular.
Ttulo: CF07002.228, Nuevo Alcaloide Aislado de una Cepa de un Hongo de Origen Marino
Autores: J F. Cardoso-Martnez; M. Cueto; A.R. Daz-Marrero; J.M. de la Rosa; J. Darias.
93
J measured
H 8a
H 8b
8
10
Br
Cl
7
6
JC-10,H-8a
JC-10,H-8b
2
JC-7,H-8b
2
JC-7,H-8a
2
JC-7,H-6
3
Value (Hz)
0.5
+6.0
0.0
-5.7
+5.2
Relative orientation
C-H trans
C-H cis
H-H cis
H-H trans
H-H cis
Resumen: El importante papel que juegan los productos naturales marinos en el descubrimiento de frmacos, pasa
a travs de una precisa determinacin estructural. Por esa razn, el desarrollo de mtodos eficaces para resolver
1
problemas estereoqumicos ha centrado la atencin de la comunidad cientfica. En este contexto, las nuevas
2,3
tcnicas basadas en espectroscopa de RMN y/o clculos computacionales modernos estn dando sus frutos.
En 2011, nuestro grupo present un nuevo mtodo simple y eficaz para el anlisis estereoqumico de anillos de
4
cinco miembros, anillos que debido a su enorme flexibilidad constituan un problema general de elucidacin. De
este modo, con la medicin simple de algunas constantes de acoplamiento y sin necesidad de consideraciones
conformacionales, se pueden resolver la mayora de los casos. Aqu se presenta la aplicacin de este mtodo para
lograr la asignacin relativa de cinco nuevas tetrahidrofuranil-acetogeninas C15 aisladas del alga roja Laurencia
5
marilzae Gil-Rodrguez, Sentes et MT Funji, recolectada en las Islas Canarias.
Agradecimientos: Esta investigacin fue financiada dentro de los proyectos SAF2011-28883-C03-01 (MINECO), EU
FP 7-KBBE-3-245137 (MAREX) and EU FP 7-REGPOT-2012-CT2012-316137 (IMBRAIM). A.G.-C. agradece el respaldo
institucional y econmico de la Universidad de Santo Domingo y al MAE por la concesin de una beca MAEC-AECID.
Los autores agradecen a la Dra. M. C. Gil-Rodrguez (Departamento de Biologa Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna)
la clasificacin taxonmica del alga.
Ttulo: Prorocentrum Belizeanum En Las Islas Canarias: Identificacin De Acido Okadaico Por
LC-MS Y Ensayo De Inhibicin De Protenas Fosfatasas
Autores: M. Febles, G. D. Crespn, Caterina. de Vera, Jos .J. Fernndez, A. H. Daranas and
Manuel Norte.
Tipo de presentacin: Poster
94
Prorocentrum belizeanum en las Islas Canarias: Identificacin de Acido Okadaico por LC-MS y
ensayo de inhibicin de protenas fosfatasas.
Resumen: El acido okadaico (OA) es una toxina marina lipofilica producida por microalgas del genero Dinophysis y
1
Prorocentrum . El consumo de pescado contaminado con OA provoca el sndrome DSP (Diarrheic Shellfish
2
Poisoning), caracterizado por sntomas gastrointestinales, incluyendo diarrea, nausea y vomitos . Las toxinas del
tipo DSP son conocidas como buenos inhibidores de la actividad de las protenas fosfatasas de serina/treonia
3
(PPs) . La hiperfosforilacin de las protenas que controlan la secrecin de sodio en las clulas intestinales, causan
4
sntomas diarreicos . Estos episodios de contaminacin se localizan principalmente a lo largo de las costas de
5
Europa, Japn, costa atlntica de Canad, Sudfrica, Chile, Tailandia, Nueva Zelanda y Australia .
En esta comunicacin, presentamos los resultados obtenidos del estudio qumico de una nueva cepa de
Prorocentrum belizeanum, recientemente identificada en las costas de las Islas Canarias, Espaa. Las condiciones de
cultivo fueron optimizadas para cultivos a gran escala en nuestro laboratorio. Se han evaluado los extractos del
medio de cultivo de las clulas fueron realizados por LC-MS para determinar la presencia de Acido Okadaico y otros
metabolitos txicos. Adicionalmente, sometimos las muestras a un ensayo de inhibicin de actividad de protenas
fosfatasas.
Agradecimientos: A MINECO (SAF2011-28883-C03-01), y EU Marex Proyect (FP7-KBBE-2009-3-245137), GDC a MAE
(Programa AECID) por la beca concedida y a la Universidad del Salvador, CdV a MINECO por la beca de doctorado.
Esta actividad se ha llevado a cabo dentro del programa IMBRAIN (FP7-REGPOT-2012-CT2012-316137-IMBRAIN)
95
Resumen: Una nueva cepa de Prorocentrum belizeanum ha sido identificada recientemente en las Islas Canarias.
Dicha cepa se cultiv en un sistema continuo desarrollado en nuestro laboratorio para estudiar los metabolitos
excretados en el medio de cultivo.
Para su cultivo se enriqueci agua de mar con medio Guillard-K con una temperatura constante de 23 C, 35% de
salinidad, irradiacin de 60 E/s/m2 y un fotociclo luz:oscuridad 18:06. Las clulas se incubaron estticamente por
un perodo inicial de 4 semanas y despus 70% del medio es eliminado y reemplazado.
Mediante un estudio cromatogrfico bio-guiado se obtuvo una fraccin con potente actividad antibacterial, antiviral
y antifngica. A partir de esa fraccin se ha aislado la molcula que se presentamos en est ocasin, su estructura
ha sido determinada empleando tcnicas de resonancia magntica nuclear homo y heteronuclear.
Agradecimientos: MINECO (SAF2011-28883-C03-01), proyectos EU (FP7-MAREX FP7-KBBE-2009-3-245137) e
IMBRAIN (FP7-REGPOT-2012-CT2012-316137-IMBRAIN). CRdV a programa MINECO-FPU y GDC a MAE-AECID
(Programa de becas AECID) y a la Universidad de El Salvador. Cepa de P. belizeanum (VGO1031) ha sido obtenida del
CCVIEO (VIGO) cortesa de Dn. Fraga.
OH
OH OH
HO
O HO
O
OH
O
HO
OH
OH
OH
OH
HO
HO
OH
OH
cido Belizeanlico
Resumen: Los dinoflagelados del gnero Prorocentrum, identificados como corresponsables del sndrome DSP
(Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning), son conocidos por producir una gran variedad de metabolitos secundarios
bioactivos con una amplia diversidad de esqueletos, donde se incluyen compuestos policclicos lineales y
1
macrlidos. En el 2009, fue descrito el aislamiento a partir del medio de cultivo del dinoflagelado P. belizeanum, de
dos nuevos metabolitos, el belizeanlido y el cido belizeanlico, ambos con una importante actividad citotxica de
2
GI50 = 3.0 y 0.2 M respectivamente. En un estudio realizado recientemente qued claro que la mayor cantidad de
estos dos metabolitos son excretados al medio de cultivo. Adems, el mismo anlisis confirm que el cido
belizeanlico se encuentra en mayor cantidad que el belizeanlido, principalmente en cultivos envejecidos,
siendo ste cido el mejor candidato para un realizar su estudio biosinttico. Para realizar dicho estudio se
13
13
13
13
adicionaron precursores metablicos enriquecidos en C, como C-acetato de sodio, C2 L-glicina, C2 glicolato de
13
calcio y C3 Glicerol. De esta forma se lograron establecer el origen biogentico de la mayora de los carbonos que
constituyen su esqueleto que la molcula y poder realiezar una propuesta biogentica.
Agradecimientos: SAF2011-28883-C03-01; MAREX. Guillermo Mendoza agradece al CONACYT la beca 187075
otorgada para realizar la estancia posdoctoral.
Ttulo: Sntesis Estereoselectiva de Pirrolidinas a partir de -Amino cidos Catalizada por Sales
de Hierro(III)
Autor: Sixto J. Prez, Juan M. Lpez, Daniel A. Cruz, Martn Purino, Vctor S. Martn, Juan I.
Padrn
96
(+)-Pirrolidina 197B
En nuestro grupo de investigacin hemos trabajado ampliamente en la sntesis de azaciclos de diverso tamao y en
esta ocasin hemos centrado nuestros esfuerzos en el desarrollado de una metodologa sinttica directa que nos
permita acceder a una gran variedad de pirrolidinas. Podemos acceder a dichos heterociclos a travs de
hidroaminacin intramolecular de aminas enantiomricas catalizada por sales de hierro (III) y sin el empleo de altas
aminocidos y aplicando la qumica desarrollada en nuestro grupo de investigacin.
97
Resumen: Los politeres marinos son una clase nica de metabolitos con una gran diversidad de estructural y
una amplia gama de actividades biolgicas. Estos politeres son derivados del escualeno, que ha sido
principalmente aislados a partir de algas rojas del gnero Laurencia y Chondria, de las esponjas de la familia
Axinellidae, siendo la fuente ms productiva de estos metabolitos el alga roja Laurencia viridis. Estas algas son
especies endmicas de las Islas Canarias que crecen en las rocas baslticas en la zona intermareal a principio
de primavera. El metabolito principal de este grupo es el
Dehidrothirsiferol del que se han descrito relevantes propiedades farmacolgicas como son potentes efectos
citotxicos, inhibicin de la protena fosfatasas de tipo 2A y actividad sobre algunas integrinas.
En esta comunicacin, se describen cuatro nuevas molculas que han sido asignadas al grupo de
oxasqualenoides: Saiyacenol C 1, 28-Hidroxisaiyacenol B 2, 15-16 Epoxitirsiferol A y B 3 y 4. Sus estructuras
han sido elucidadas por mtodos espectroscpicos y computacionales as como por sntesis asimtrica de
anlogos simplificados.
Agradecimientos: MAREX [FP 7; KBBE 2009-3-245137 (EU)], SAF2011-28883-03-01, SAF 2011-28417-C02-01.
98
Resumen: La conformacin que adopta una protena, a travs de interacciones no covalentes, determina su
funcin. Cada vez esta relacin se entiende mejor, y a partir de este conocimiento se han podido desentraar
algunos de los mecanismos que operan en los procesos biolgicos. El reto actual para el qumico es disear
1
molculas que se plieguen de forma definida y que presenten funciones de inters.
Con este propsito se ha preparado una serie de pptidos cclicos a partir de unidades de pirano, donde los grupos
carboxilo y amino se han dispuesto en las posiciones 2 y 3 del anillo respectivamente. Para la formacin de los
enlaces peptdicos se aplicaron procedimientos convencionales de acoplamiento en disolucin.
El anlisis conformacional mediante espectroscopa de infrarrojo, resonancia magntica nuclear y difraccin de
rayos X muestra que la formacin de enlaces de hidrgeno intramoleculares (entre los grupos amida y oxgenos de
teres) genera patrones de plegamiento definidos. Con un grupo metoxi en la posicin 4 del anillo, la estructura
colapsa debido a enlaces de hidrgeno entre los oxgenos del pirano y las amidas de residuos diferentes. Por otro
lado, sin grupos metoxi, el pptido presenta una cavidad cncava con grupos polares que enlaza agua; idnea para
el reconocimiento de aniones o incluso la catlisis orgnica.
La estructura cclica y la alta densidad de grupos polares hacen de los pptidos cclicos obtenidos compuestos con
2
potencial inters biolgico : su conformacin, bien definida por las restricciones estricas y angulares impuestas,
podra aportar afinidad y selectividad, y al mismo tiempo la disposicin adecuada para atravesar la membrana
lipdica sin exponer sus grupos polares.
Agradecimientos: Esta investigacin ha sido financiada por el MINECO y cofinanciada por el Fondo de Desarrollo
Europeo (ERDF; CTQ201122653). J. B. G. agradece al MECYD por la beca FPU.
99
Agradecimientos: Los autores agradecen al Prof. Hans J. Reich su ayuda con los experimentos de RMN; tambin
agradecen al Prof. Nazario Martn y al Dr. Antonio Muoz su ayuda con las medidas de ITC. Esta investigacin ha
sido financiada por el MINECO y cofinanciada por el Fondo de Desarrollo Europeo(ERDF; CTQ201122653 and
CTQ201128417-C0201).
Resumen: La proliferacin indeseable de organismos marinos sobre materiales sumergidos es un proceso que se
conoce bajo el trmino de biofouling, y que comienza con la adsorcin de materia orgnica y la llegada de
1
colonizadores primarios (bacterias), que forman biopelculas complejas.
Existen cada vez ms evidencias de que lasbiopelculas de determinados microorganismos pueden actuar
2
como inductores o inhibidores del asentamiento de organismos superiores (algas, larvas de invertebrados),
condicionando de este modo el proceso completo. Por esta razn, la implementacin de bioensayos que involucran
el desarrollo de biopelculas ha ido ganando importancia en la evaluacin de la actividad antifouling a lo largo de los
3
ltimos aos. No obstante, no parece existir un consenso en lo que respecta a las condiciones bajo las que
se desarrollan estos ensayos. En este trabajo exploramos la influencia de las condiciones de cultivo en
bioensayos de actividad antifouling con bacterias marinas. En primer lugar, se estudia la capacidad de crecimiento
y formacin de biopelcula empleando diferentes medios y temperaturas de incubacin en 4 cepas
representativas del biofouling marino: Cobetia marina CECT 4278, Pseudoalteromonas atlantica CECT 579,
Shewanella algae CECT 5021 y Vibrio alginolyticus CECT 521. Empleando S. algae CECT 5021 como modelo, se
determin la influencia del medio y del tamao de inculo sobre la IC50 de tres biocidas modelo (TBTO,
tralopyril y piritiona de zinc). Las propiedades mecnicas de las biopelculas de S. algae CECT 5021 desarrolladas
en estos medios de cultivo fueron caracterizadas mediante microscopa de fuerzas atmicas (AFM) (Figura 1A).
Asimismo, se emple microscopa lser confocal de barrido (CLSM) para la reconstruccin tridimensional de
las biopelculas y la determinacin de su espesor y densidad celular por unidad de superficie (Figura 1B).
Agradecimientos: Esta investigacin ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad a travs de
los proyectos CTQ2011-28417-C02-01/BQU y SAF2011-28883-C03-01. A.J.M-R. agradece aPLOCAN la financiacin
recibida a travs de una beca formativa.
100
101
102
Ttulo: ExplorIng marine resources for bioactive compounds: Results of the ULL within the
MAREX proyect
Autores: A. R. Daz-Marrero, G. D. Crespn, M. Febles, C. R. de Vera, H. J. Domnguez, A.
Gutirrez-Cepeda, F. Cen-Pacheco, T. S. Vilches, R. Gonzlez, A. H. Daranas, M. L. Souto, J. J.
Fernndez, M. Norte.
Tipo de presentacin: Poster
Abstract: The MAREX project, funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme, is a joint effort of 19
academic, research institute, and industrial partners from 13 countries for exploring and researching marine
bioactive compounds. The ultmate objective of MAREX is to isolate, characterise, and sustainably exploit new
compounds from extracts prepared from marine organisms that have been harvested from the seas and oceans,
103
and culture collections.Within the MAREX project, the Marine Chemistry Group of the University of La Laguna is
involved in: the large-scale cultivation of dinoflagellates, the isolation and structural determination of pure bioactive
compounds, biosynthetic studies of metabolites from dinoflagellates, synthesis of derivatives and analogues, as well
as structure-activity relationships (SAR) by NMR.In this poster we will present an overview of our role in the project
and will resume some of the results obtained at the moment.
Ttulo: Spin-Spin Coupling Constant Approach In The Stereochemical Determination Of FiveMembered Cyclic Ether Acetogenins From Laurencia Marilzae
Autores: Adrin Gutierrez-Cepeda, Antonio Hernndez Daranas, Jos J. Fernndez, Manuel
Norte and Mara L. Souto
Tipo de presentacin: Poster
Cl
15
Br
O H
H
Cl
OH
4
C
H
Marilzafurollene A
Br
OH
Br
O H
OH
C
H
Br
Marilzafurollene D
Abstract: The role of marine natural products in drug discovery passes through an accurate structure
determination. For that reason, the development of effective methods to solve stereochemical problems has
recently taken the limelight. In this context, new techniques based in NMR spectroscopy and/or modern
computational calculations are paying off.
Recently, we presented a simple and efficient spin-spin coupling constant approach for the challenging
1
stereochemical analysis of fivemembered rings. Here we report the application to this method to achieve the
relative assignment of five new C15 tetrahydrofuranyl-acetogenins isolated from the red alga Laurencia marilzae GilRodrguez, Sentes et M. T. Funji collected from Canary Islands.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by grants SAF2011-28883-C03-01 and EU FP 7-KBBE-3-245137. A.G.C. acknowledges MAEC-AECID for a Doctoral Fellowship. Authors thank Dr. M. C. Gil-Rodrguez (Departamento de
Biologa Vegetal, University of La Laguna) for the taxonomic classification of the alga.
Ttulo: First Time Identification Of Prorocentrum Belizeanum In The Canary Islands: Okadaic
Acid Identification By Lc-Ms And Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay
Autores: M. Febles, G. D. Crespn, C. de Vera, J.J. Fernndez, A. H. Daranas and M. Norte
Tipo de presentacin: Poster
Abstract: Okadaic acid (OA) is a lipophilic marine toxin produced by microalgae of genus Dinophysis and
Prorocentrum. Consumption of OA contaminated shellfish causes DSP (Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning) syndrome,
characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. DSP toxins are known to be
good inhibitors of serin/theronin phosphatase activity (PPs). As a consequence, hyperphosphorylation of proteins
4
that control sodium secretion by the intestinal cells is produced, causing diarrheal symptoms . These episodes are
mainly localized along the coasts of Europe, Japan, Canadian Atlantic Coast, South Africa, Chile, Thailand, New
.
Zealand, and Australia In this communication we present the results obtained from the chemical study of a new
strain of Prorocentrum belizeanum, recently identified along the coasts of the Canary Islands, Spain. Culturing
conditions were optimized for large-scale cultivation in our laboratory. Evaluation of the culture media and the cell
extracts, were undertaken by LC-MS to determine the presence of okadaic acid and other toxic metabolites.
Additionally, we tested the samples using a protein phosphatase inhibition assay.
104
105
Abstract: Marine polyethers are a unique class of metabolites displaying a great diversity of structures and a broad
array of bioactivities. Squalene-derived polyethers, which has been isolated from red algae of the genus Laurencia
and Chondria, from sponges of the Axinellidae family, and from some mollusks comprise a significant group.
Undoubtedly, the most prolific source of these metabolites is the red alga Laurencia viridis, endemic algae of the
Canary Islands that grow on basaltic rocks in the lower intertidal zone at early spring. The major metabolite of this
group, Dehydrothyrsiferol, has shown important pharmacologic properties such as potent cytotoxic effects, protein
phosphatase type 2A inhibition and integrin antagonist activity.
In this communication, we describe four novel molecules that can be adscribed to the oxasqualenoids group:
Saiyacenol C, 28-Hydroxysaiyacenol B, 15-16 Epoxythyrsiferol A and B. Their structures we elucidated by
spectroscopic and computational methods as well as by assymetric synthesis of simplified analogs.
.
Acknowledgments: MAREX [FP 7; KBBE 2009-3-245137 (EU)], SAF2011-28883-03-01 (MEC)..
106
Resumen: La ciclacin de Prins es una de las metodologas ms potentes para la generacin de heterociclos (tanto
oxigenados como nitrogenados), ya que permite un acceso rpido y directo mediante la formacin de enlaces
1
carbonocarbono, lo que la convierte en una gran herramienta en la sntesis orgnica.
En nuestro grupo de investigacin estamos interesados en la sntesis de heterociclos de diverso tamao
combinando la ciclacin de Prins con la catlisis sostenible. Concretamente nuestros procesos son catalizados
2
por sales de Fe(III). Se presenta la sntesis directa de azepanos diferentemente sustituidos catalizada por sales de
Fe(III) y su estudio mecanstico.Esta nueva metodologa posee adems numerosas ventajas: bajo coste,
respetuosa con el medio ambiente, obtencin sencilla de los productos de partida y en un solo paso de reaccin se
forma un enlace CC, CN y CCl con control de la estereoqumica.
Agradecimientos: Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad (MINECO),
cofinanciado con fondos EDER (CTQ201128417C0201). S. . Prez agradece una beca .P.U.
107
Resumen: Una molcula anfotrica es aquella que contiene dos grupos funcionales aparentemente
1
incompatibles, es decir, grupos funcionales que tienden a reaccionar entre s. Este es el caso de los fosfonatos 5 y
6, portadores a su vez de un aldehdo. Existen muy pocos ejemplos en la bibliografa qumica de reacciones
2
intermoleculares que involucren a estas estructuras. En el presente trabajo se muestra la aplicacin de los
fosfonatos 5 y 6 para generar, de forma diastereocontrolada, los dobles enlaces presentes en los cidos 6,10
thymifodioicos (14). Los compuestos 3 y 4 son productos naturales aislados de las partes areas de Baccharis
3
Thymifolia Hook & Arn, y el inters del estudio de estos metabolitos secundarios radica en su potencial como
4
agentes insecticidas, ya que 3 presenta actividad hormonal frente a las larvas del coleptero Tenebrio molitor.
Agradecimientos: Al MINECO (CTQ201128417C0201) por la financiacin concedida.
108
Resumen: Los Lauroxanos son una serie de metabolitos secundarios, aislados de las algas del gnero Laurencia, que
1
poseen actividad antimicrobiana, antitumoral, etc. Presentan como caracterstica estructural un esqueleto
carbonado C15, as como la presencia de tomos de halgeno en un ter cclico formado por entre 5 y 9 miembros.
2
emos aplicado una metodologa desarrollada en nuestro laboratorioa la sntesis formaldel (+)Isolaurepinnacin.
Las etapas claves son la formacin de un ter lineal a travs de una reaccin de Nicholas intermolecular, la
ciclacin mediante una reaccin de mettesis de cierre de anillos y una isomerizacin asistida por
Montmorillonita K10.
Agradecimientos: Esta investigacin est financiada por el Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad (MINECO),
cofinanciado con fondos EDER (CTQ201128417C0201 y CTQ201122653). RL agradece al MICINN por la beca
predoctoral PI.
109
Abstract: Due to our interest in antitumoral quinonic compounds , we studied the reaction of aldehydes with 2hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinones and 4-hydroxy-coumarin, to generate crossed adducts of biological relevance. In this
communication we report the synthesis of a set of naphthoquinone-coumarin conjugates through a
Multicomponent Reactions (MCR) combining Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition.
The results obtained in the evaluation of these compounds as Topoisomerasa II inhibitors will be also discussed.
Acknowledgments: We thank the financial support from the Spanish MICINN (SAF2009-13296-C02-01) and MECC
(SAF2012-37344-C03-01).
110
Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds offer a high degree of structural diversity and opportunities for the discovery of
new drug candidates because of their ability to bind to multiple receptors with high affinity and favourable
pharmacokinetic properties. In particular, nitrogen-containing polycyclic structures have been reported to be
1
associated with a wide range of biological activities. Furthermore, it is well known that quinones have various
2
pharmacological properties , such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antipyretic,
2b
2c
antimalarial and anticancer activity. In this communication we report the preparation and antibiotic activity of a
set of imidazol-naphthoquinone derivatives. These compounds were obtained through a regioselective and
3
quimioselective oxidation of complex angular naphthoimidazoles previously synthesized in our research group.
Acknowledgments: We thank the financial support from the Spanish MICINN (SAF2009-13296-C02-01) and
(SAF2012-37344-C03-01). GGC thanks ACIISI and FSE for the predoctoral grant.
H2O O
O
M
O
O OH2
1 M=Zn
2 M=Co
3 M=Cu
4 M=Ni
5 M=Mn
Abstract: The quinonic moiety is considered by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as an important biologically
1
validated scaffold for the development of new bioactive compounds with good levels of cytotoxicity. On the other
hand, transition metal-based drugs are increasing their importance in the therapy of cancer and other diseases and
2
it is reported that metals can play an important role in modifying the pharmacological properties of known drugs.
In this communication we describe the synthesis of a set of metallic complexes of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
(1-5) and their cytotoxicity in human cancer cells. The copper complex (3) was the most active compound of this
series and the results presented here show that 3 significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 human cancer cells by a
3
mechanism that involves activation of caspases and modulation of apoptotic-related proteins.
Acknowledgments: We thank the financial support from the Spanish MICINN (SAF2009-13296-C02-01 and SAF201237344-C03-01). SOR thanks ACIISI and FSE for the predoctoral grant.
111
Abstract: Embelin (1) is isolated as the main secondary metabolite from Embelia ribes . This benzoquinonic
derivative showed antifertility, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, wound
2
healing and antibacterial activities . These antecedents justify the interest in evolving newer synthetic methods for
the construction of embelin derivatives.
In this communication, we report an efficient synthesis of new dihydropyran-embelin derivatives through one-pot
organocatalytic tandem Knoevenagel condensation/hetero-6-electrocyclization using a variety of unsaturated
3
aldehydes .
Acknowledgments: To MICINN (SAF 2009-13296-C02-01) and MECC (SAF 2012-37344-C03-01) for the financial
support.
Ttulo: Synthesis and study of bimetallic complexes of Ni(II) with ligands type N2S as analogs of
active sites of metalloenzymes
Autor: Alejandro Cabrera Garca, David Benjamn Guzmn Ros, Pedro Martn Zarza, Pedro
Esparza Ferrera, ngel Gutirrez Ravelo, Javier Gonzlez Platas
Tipo de presentacin: Pster
Abstract: The study of modeling compounds, which reproduce the nature apectroscopic properties and reactivity of
the active sites of metalloenzymes, has been a topic of great interest in which representing the knowledge of the
behavior of these systems. We propose here the preparation of the PATH ligand and two of its complexes with
Ni(II), [Ni(PATH)](ClO4) and [Ni(PATH)](SCN). X-ray diffraction crystallography studies have shown bimetallic nature
of the both complexes, with peculiar coordination environments to Ni(II).
1
13
Besides these structural studies, both complexes have been studied by UV-vis electronic spectroscopy, H and C
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and by electrochemical techniques.
112
Resumen: El cido grindlico (1) es un diterpeno de tipo labdano y constituye el metabolito secundario principal de
1
Grindelia chiloensis Cabr y G. pulchella Dunal var. Pulchella (Asteraceae) . El mismo fue aislado a partir de partes
areas de la planta colectada en la ciudad de San Luis. La reaccin de Huisgen que es combinacin de una azida y un
alquino permite generar 1,2,3-triazoles mediante una cicloadicion 1-3 dipolar. Mono y di-triazoles fueron, que
obtenidos por esta metodologa, han demostrado efectos citotxicos.
Siguiendo la metodologa de Huisgen se realiz la sntesis, a partir de la azida derivada del cido grindlico, de tres
1,2,3-triazoles y tres 1,2,3-triazoles dmeros. En todos los casos se utiliz diferentes alquinos. De manera paralela se
obtuvo un 1,2,3-triazol combinando la azida y un alquino, ambos derivados del cido grindlico.
Con los compuestos sintetizados se realiz el estudio de actividad antiproliferativa sobre 5 lneas celulares humanas
5
utilizando el protocolo del NCI. Los derivados ms activos mostraron actividades menores a 10 M.
113
Resumen: El cido grindlico (1) es un diterpeno de tipo labdano y constituye el metabolito secundario principal de
Grindelia chiloensis Cabr y G. pulchella Dunal var. Pulchella (Asteraceae). El mismo posee una cadena lateral
carboxlica que permite insertar nuevas funcionalizaciones manteniendo intacta la estereoqumica del compuesto.
La reaccin multicomponente de Ugi es la combinacin de una amina, un cido, un compuesto carbonlico y un
isocianuro para generar una diamida. Muchos compuestos obtenidos por esta metodologa han demostrado efectos
citotxicos. Siguiendo la metodologa de Ugi se realiz la sntesis de 12 diamidas manteniendo constante el cido
grindlico (1 eq) y acetona (1.2 eq) como fuente de carbonilo, y variando la amina (1 eq) y el isocianuro (1.1 eq).
Con los compuestos sintetizados se realiz el estudio de actividad antiproliferativa sobre 5 lneas celulares humanas
4
utilizando el protocolo del NCI. Los derivados ms activos mostraron actividades menores a 1 M.
H2O O
O
M
O
O OH2
1.M=Zn
2.M=Co
3.M=Cu
4.M=Ni
5.M=Mn
lawsona
O
Resumen: El ncleo quinnico es considerado por el Instituto Nacional del Cncer (NCI) como un importante
agrupamiento biolgicamente validado para el desarrollo de nuevos compuestos bioactivos con buenos niveles de
citotoxicidad. Por otro lado, los frmacos basados en metales de transicin cada vez son ms relevantes en la
terapia del cncer y de otras enfermedades, reconocindose el papel del metal en la modulacin de las propiedades
farmacolgicas de los mismos.
En esta comunicacin se describir la sntesis y citotoxicidad de varios complejos metlicos de 2-hidroxi-1,4naftoquinona (lawsona) (1-5). El complejo de cobre (3) result ser el compuesto ms citotxico de la serie,
induciendo significativamente apoptosis en clulas cancergenas humanas (HT-29, HepG2 y HeLa) mediante un
mecanismo que implica la activacin de las caspasas 3, 8 y 9 y la modulacin de protenas relacionadas con la
apoptosis, tales como Bax, Bad y p53.
Agradecimientos: Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad (MINECO),
cofinanciado con fondos FEDER (CTQ2011-28417-C02-01) y EU Research Potential (FP7-REGPOT-2012-CT201231637-IMBRAIN). D.A.C. agradece a MINECO por la beca FPI concedida.
114
115
Ttulo: Sulfated flavonoid isolated from Flaveria bidentis and its semisynthetic derivatives as
potential drugs for Alzheimers disease
Autor: Cavallaro Valeria, Estvez Braun Ana, Gutirrez Ravelo ngel and Murray Ana Paula
Tipo de presentacin: Pster
Abstract: Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze (Asteraceae), is an endemic species from Argentina. Potent AChE inhibitory
activity was observed for its ethanolic extract (IC50=0.12 mg/mL). Partition of this extract led to spontaneous
crystallization of a sulfated flavonoid with excellent yield. Its structure was elucidated by HRMS and mono and
bidimensional NMR, and has been identified as 6-methoxykaempferol-3-sulphate (1). In order to improve the
moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of 1, this compound has been submitted to chemical
modifications which led to the semisynthethic desulfated and alkylated analogs. AChE inhibitory activity and
scavenging of DPPH free radical of these derivatives will be discussed and compared to 1.
116
117
Resumen: El desarrollo de nuevos agentes antiproliferativos sigue siendo clave en el tratamiento de enfermedades
como el cncer. Actualmente, es ampliamente aceptado que para la bsqueda de nuevos compuestos bioactivos es
necesario un mtodo de cribado adecuado que nos permita entender el mecanismo de accin de los productos en
las fases tempranas de su descubrimiento. As mismo, la identificacin de la diana molecular de las nuevas
entidades activas es crucial para prevenir futuros fracasos en su posterior desarrollo. Con este fin se han establecido
de forma rutinaria numerosos ensayos in vitro. Sin embargo, no existe en la actualidad una metodologa general de
trabajo y la informacin relacionada en este aspecto es escasa. En este contexto, nosotros proponemos una
estrategia basada en el enfoque del desarrollo fenotpico de frmacos (PDD). Dentro de nuestro programa dirigido
al descubrimiento de nuevos agentes antitumorales, hemos centrado nuestra atencin en aquellos compuestos que
alteran el correcto funcionamiento del ciclo celular. Nuestra estrategia se basa en el uso de una serie de
experimentos biolgicos organizados de forma modular. En este trabajo ejemplificamos el uso de nuestra estrategia
mediante el estudio de una familia de derivados de propargil enol teres. El uso de diversos ensayos de forma
racional y secuencial nos ha permitido entender el mecanismo de accin e identificar a la tubulina como principal
diana molecular de esta familia de compuestos.
118
Abstract: Sulfonamides (SAs) represent one of the families of antibiotics most used worldwide to treat both human
and animal diseases. These compounds are continuously introduced in the aquatic environment by means of the
waste treatment plants, which are considered the main discharge sources of pharmaceutical residues. The presence
of sulfonamide residues could produce several undesirable effects like the development of resistance of
microorganisms and, as a result, the possible harmful effects on the treatment of infections.
The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents has gained importance over last years
because of their unique properties that allow the selective extraction of inorganic and organic compounds. The
combination of CNTs with magnetic nanoparticles facilitates their use as sorbents in dispersive SPE (dSPE), since an
easier manipulation of CNTs can be achieved with an external magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet.
The aim of this work was to develop a new method based on the use of off-line dSPE combined with ultra-high
performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection to determine 11 SAs (sulfanilamide, sulfacetamide,
sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, sulfadimidin, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole,
sulfisoxazole, sulfadimethoxine) in mineral waters. For this purpose, pristine multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) and
magnetic-MWCNTs (m-MWCNTs) were used as stationary phases. Parameters affecting the extraction such as
volume and pH of the sample, sorbent amount and type and volume of the eluent were optimized. Once optimum
extraction conditions (250 mL of water at pH 6.0, elution with 25 mL of MeOH) were obtained, the extraction
efficiency of the different carbon nanomaterials was compared. Results demonstrated the higher extraction
capacity of pristine MWCNTs with recoveries between 61 and 110% (except for sulfacetamide which ranged
between 40 and 53%) for pristine MWCNTs and between 22 and 77% for m-MWCNTs. Limits of detection lower
than 32 ng/L for the different types of waters were achieved.
Ttulo: Determination Of Estrogens In Environmental Water Samples Using 1,3Dipentylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid As Extraction Solvent In Dispersive
Liquid-Liquid Microextraction
Autores: Brbara Socas-Rodrguez, Javier Hernndez-Borges, Mara Asensio-Ramos,
Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, M.A. Afonso, J.A. Palenzuela, Miguel ngel Rodrguez-Delgado
Tipo de presentacin: Pster
119
Abstract: Estrogens (sex steroid hormones involved in the menstrual cycle of humans and, in general, in the estrous
cycle of mammals) have become one of the groups of analytes of concern in environmental protection since intake
of these hormones is associated with illnesses and several endocrine disorders, or even cancer .
The application of ionic liquids (ILs) as relatively friendly acceptor phases for sample preparation in Analytical
Chemistry has recently increased (particularly in liquid-phase microextraction -LPME-), due to their inherent
advantages over classical solvents. Specifically, the possibility to select a suitable anion and cation for a particular
application could be a great advantage and therefore they can be considered as solvents of design. However,
although their use in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has received growing attention in the last
years, the number of different ILs assayed for extraction of organic contaminants is still relatively low [2].
The aim of this work was to develop a new method based on the use of symmetrical dialkyl-substituted IL, 1,3dipentylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([PPIm][PF6]), as extractant solvent to determine 8 estrogens (i.e. estriol,
17-estradiol, 17-Estradiol, ethynylestradiol, zearalenone, dietylbestrol, dienestrol and hexestrol) in mineral and
waste water samples. Separation and quantitation was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) and fluorescence detection (FD). Factors affecting the DLLME procedure
(sample pH and volume, amount of ionic liquid, type and volume of disperser solvent, sodium chloride percentage
and assistance of vortex agitation) were optimized by means of a step-by-step approach. Once the optimum
extraction conditions were established (10 mL of water at pH 8, 60 mg of [PPIm][PF6], 500 L of ACN as disperser
solvent and vortex agitation for 1 min), the calibration curves of whole method (IL-DLLME-HPLC-DAD-FD) were
obtained and the precision and accuracy were evaluated. The developed method demonstrated to be repeatable,
accurate and selective with limits of detection lower than 1.81 g/L for D and 37.05 g/L for DAD and relative
recovery percentages higher than 85% for the different types of water samples. The Students t test demonstrated
that there were not significant differences between the real and the found concentration.
Titulo: A novel Botrytis species, B. deweyae, is associated with the 'spring sickness' foliar disease of cultivated
daylilies (Hemerocallis).
Autores: Grant- Downton R., Terhem R.B.,Kapralov M.,Mehdi S.,Rodriguez-Enriquez M.J.,Gurr,S.J., Van Kan J.A.L.,
Deway F.(Molly)
Tipo de Presentcin: Conferencia invitada
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
15. POSGRADOS,
MSTERES,
TTULOS
PROPIOS
Y
PROGRAMAS DE DOCTORADO IMPARTIDOS, ORGANIZADOS
O PROMOVIDOS POR EL INSTITUTO
Master en Qumica
http://www.ull.es/view/master/mquimica/Inicio/es
Master en Biotecnologa
http://www.masteres.ull.es/view/master/biotecnologia/Inicio/es
Master en Biomedicina
http://www.masteres.ull.es/view/master/biomedicina/Inicio/es
127
128
Autor: Dr. Juan Carlos Ruiz-Morales, Coordinador del grupo de Nano y Microingeniera
de Materiales, Dpto. de Qumica Inorgnica, ULL
Ttulo: Diseo de Materiales para la Generacin de Energa no Contaminante.
Organizador: IUBO-AG, ULL
Fecha: 19 de julio de 2013
129
Autor: Dra. M Jess Prez Prez, Directora del Instituto de Qumica Mdica del CSIC
(Madrid).
Ttulo: Un pequeo viaje entre dianas antivirales y antivasculares tumorales desde una
perspectiva qumica-mdica.
Organizador: Acto de Reconocimiento del IUBO-AG a la labor investigadora de los Dres.
D. Cirilo Prez Prez y D. ngel Gutirrez Ravelo.
Fecha: 20 de diciembre de 2013
Seminarios
130
131
Cursos Impartidos
Autor: D. Fernndo Fodrguez Carrero, Tcnico especialista de Phenomenex
Ttulo: Tecnologa Kinetex Core-Shell para separaciones analticas
Lugar, Fecha: Saln de Actos del IUBO-AG, 10/04/2013
132
133
Conferencia: Dr. Ricardo Borges. The intravesicular cocktail and its contribution to the kinetics
of exocytosis.
7 ISCCB. Rouen, Francia. Julio 2013
134
135
136
137
138
Personal Investigador
Personal en Formacin
Personal de Administracin y Servicios
Investigadores, Profesores Invitados
Proyectos de Investigacin
Proyectos Europeos
2
Proyectos Plan Nacional
8
Proyectos Autonmicos y Fundaciones Locales 2
Publicaciones
Publicaciones Internacionales
47
Participaciones en Congresos
Tesis Doctorales Defendidas en 2013
Trabajos Fin de Grado y Trabajos Fin de Master
Patentes y Modelos de Utilidad
Conferencias Impartidas
Convenios de Colaboracin
Nmero
27
44
6
20
12
47
79
5
9
2
6
1
139
MEMORIA ECONMICA
140
Concepto
Presupuesto
Gastos
3.000
2.000
5.260,88
0,00
1.000
739,12
6.000
6.000,00
141
Decripcin
Concepto
Importe
203.00
933,24
213.00
3.710,43
Mobiliario y Enseres
215.00
172,37
Equipamiento de Laboratorio
217.00
469,38
220.00
2.394,21
220.04
105,99
221.05
62,50
221.06
3.376,71
221.07
714,43
221.09
4.485,16
221.10
467,83
221.12
19,77
Comunicaciones Postales
222.01
1.861,14
224.09
265,52
Fotocopias
226.12
1,83
Servicios de Imprenta
227.04
580,54
Otros Servicios
227.09
29,55
TOTAL CAP. II
623.00
1.329,00
Mobiliario y Enseres
625.00
1.170,08
TOTAL CAP. IV
TOTAL
19.650,60
2.499,08
22.149,68
142
143