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Engineering
...........................................................................................................................................
Solutions Tutorials
1
CFD
............................................................................................................................................... 3
CFD-1000:
Creating a Hybrid Grid using the CFD Mesh Panel
...................................................................................................................................
4
CFD-1100:
Creating
a
Hybrid
Grid
with
Varying
Boundary
Layer
Thickness
................................................................................................................................... 16
CFD-1200:
CFD Meshing with Automatic BL Thickness Reduction
...................................................................................................................................
23
CFD-1300:
Plane
2-D
Meshing
with
Boundary
Layers
................................................................................................................................... 33
CFD-1400:
Wind Tunnel Mesh
...................................................................................................................................
45
CFD-1500:
Hexcore Meshing with Boundary Layer
...................................................................................................................................
60
CFD-1600:
Using Distributed Thickness for Varying Boundary Layer Thickness
...................................................................................................................................
69
CFD-1700:
Mapping CFD Results
...................................................................................................................................
80
CFD-1800:
Using HyperMesh, AcuSolve and HyperView to Perform a CFD Analysis 86
...................................................................................................................................
Crash
............................................................................................................................................... 105
CRASH-1000:
Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output
...................................................................................................................................
106
CRASH-1100:
Using Curves, Beams, Rigid Bodies Joints, and Loads in LS-DYNA
...................................................................................................................................
119
CRASH-1200: Model Importing, Airbags, Exporting Displayed, and Contacts using
DYNA
................................................................................................................................... 134
CRASH-1300:
Rigid Wall, Model Data, Constraints, and Output using DYNA
...................................................................................................................................
143
CRASH-2000:
Front Impact Bumper Model
...................................................................................................................................
153
CRASH-2100:
Simplified
Car
Pole
Impact
................................................................................................................................... 169
NVH
............................................................................................................................................... 183
NVH-1000:
Acoustic Cavity
...................................................................................................................................
185
NVH-1100:
NVH
Director
Assembly
................................................................................................................................... 201
Altair Engineering
Downloading Model
Files
If you are using the tutorials via the Altair website, you will need
to download the model files before beginning. Access them by
clicking:
http://www.altairhyperworks.com/hwhelp/Altair/hw12.0/index.
aspx
Please note that a User ID and password is required to access
this area. Follow the instructions provided to obtain the login
information.
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CFD
The following tutorials are available for the CFD user profile:
CFD-1000: Creating a Hybrid Grid using the CFD Mesh Panel
CFD-1100: Creating a Hybrid Grid with Varying Boundary Layer Thickness
CFD-1200: CFD Meshing with Automatic BL Thickness Reduction
CFD-1300: Plane 2-D Meshing with Boundary Layers
CFD-1400: Wind Tunnel Mesh
CFD-1500: Hexcore Meshing with Boundary Layer
CFD-1600: Using Distributed Thickness for Varying Boundary Layer Thickness
CFD-1700:Mapping CFD Results
CFD-1800:Using HyperMesh, AcuSolve and HyperView to perform a CFD analysis
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Exercise
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3. Select the radio button C FD and select AcuSo lv e from the drop down menu.
4. Click O K.
5. Inspect the surface elements that will be used to generate the volume mesh.
The boundary mesh can have any combination of tria/quad elements. You will generate
boundary layers on all the surface elements contained in the collector named wall.
Step 3: Check that all the elements in the collectors wall, inlet, and
outlets define a closed volume
1. Click M e s h > C he ck > C o m po ne nt > E dge s to open the Edges panel.
2. Click the yellow co m ps button and select the collectors wa ll, inle t and o utle ts .
3. Click s e le ct, and then click find e dge s .
A message indicating that no edges were found will appear on the status bar.
4. Toggle the free edges button to T- co nne ctio ns .
5. Select the three components again and then click find e dge s .
The status bar will display: "No T -c onne c t e d e dge s w e re found."
6. Click re turn to close the panel.
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7. Click the B L pa ra m e te rs subpanel. All the data that has been entered in the Boundary
selection subpanel is stored.
8. Select the options to specify the boundary layer and tetrahedral core:
Number of Layers = 5
First layer thickness = 0.5
BL growth rate = 1.1 (This non-dimensional factor controls the change in layer
thickness from one layer to the next).
9. Under the BL hexa transition mode header, verify that selection is set to Simple
Pyramid.
The default, Simple Pyramid, uses one pyramid element to transition from a BL
hexahedrals quad face to the tetrahedral core mesh.
10. Leave the BL only checkbox unchecked.
This option generates the boundary layer alone and stops before generating the
tetrahedral core. This option modifies adjacent surface meshes to reflect changes
introduced by the boundary layer thickness, and creates a collector named
^CFD_trias_for_tetramesh, that is used to generate the inner core tetrahedral mesh
using the Tetramesh parameters subpanel.
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.
15. Click re turn to close the panel.
Step 5: Mask some of the mesh to view the interior elements and
boundary layers
1.
You can mask the mesh by using the shortcut key F5, and select elements to be masked.
Following is a snapshot. Observe the excellent mesh quality produced.
2. You can also use the Hidden Line panel to view the interior of a solid mesh. Click B C s >
C he ck > H idde n Line s to access the panel.
3. Leave the title field blank and check the option for yz plane.
This defines the yz plane as the cutting plane.
4. Leave the options for trim planes and clip boundary elements checked on and click
s ho w plo t.
This automatically places the cutting plane at the center of the model. Notice that the
display of the elements has been collapsed so that the nodes lie on the cutting plane.
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5. Left-click in the graphics area where the cutting plane is, hold down the left mouse
button, and drag the mouse. Notice that the cutting plane moves.
6. Next, uncheck the option for clip boundary elements and click s ho w plo t.
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Now you are going to move some of the elements from the collector ^faces to the collectors
inflow and outflow.
5. In the Model Browser, isolate the ^faces component.
6. Click B C s > O rga niz e and click one element on the inlet/inflow plane (the element will
become highlighted).
7. Click e le m s > > by fa ce .
All the elements in the collector ^faces on the inlet/inflow plane will be selected.
8. Set the dest comp as inflo w, and click m o v e . Similarly, move the elements from ^faces
associated with the outlets to the collector outflow.
9. Show the inflow and outflow components in the Model Browser.
When done, you will have all the exterior surfaces colored according to the collectors
where they have been placed as shown in the following image.
10. The remaining elements in the collector ^faces are the same as in wall and you can
discard them.
11. Delete both collectors ^faces and collector CFD_boundary_layer, which is now empty.
Step 7: Export surface and volume mesh and import this mesh into
FLUENT
1. Display only the components containing elements that have to be exported for FLUENT,
the components are: fluid, inflow, outflow and wall. All other components should not be
visible.
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3. Notice that the File Type is set to CFD. Set the Solver Type to Fluent.
4. In the File field, click on the file icon and specify a name and location for the file.
5. Click E xpo rt to export the file.
6. Select Y e s to the first message that appears and No to the second message.
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6. Select zone inflo w, and set the appropriate boundary condition such as mass-flow-inlet
and velocity inlet.
7. Change the boundary condition type for the remaining surface zones, outflow and wall.
Engineering Solutions allows you to perform the most time consuming tasks of generating the
volume mesh and identifying the boundary zones. Now inside FLUENT the rest of the
simulation tasks can be executed easily.
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11
The boundary layer type mesh generated in this tutorial was generated with uniform
thickness. This is OK for a model like this manifold as long as the total boundary layer
thickness does not lead to collision or interference that can occur when the sum of the BL
thickness is close to or larger than the distance separating boundary layer walls. When such
collision or interference occurs you have the following options:
Decrease the global boundary layer thickness (throughout / for all the BL surfaces)
Use distributed boundary layer thickness ratios on nodes or collectors/components.
This is a capability in HyperMesh that allows you to specify a local value of boundary
layer thickness by specifying the ratio of the local value to the global value. For
example, if the ratio specified on certain nodes or all the nodes belonging to a collector
is equal to 0.1, then the boundary layer thickness generated around those nodes will
be only 10 percent of the global boundary layer thickness.
The CFD user profile has a tool (Generate BL Thickness) to generate automatically
distributed boundary layer thickness ratios at each node of the surface mesh so that
boundary layer collision is avoided when using the global or nominal boundary layer
thickness. The usage of this tool is explained in Tutorial CFD-1100.
In this appendix you are going to use option B to manually change the BL thickness ratio.
2. Click B C s > C he ck > E dge , then select the collectors wa ll, wa ll_thinne r_bl, inle t and
o utle ts .
3. Click find e dge s . A message indicating that no edges were found will appear on the
status bar.
4. Click M e s h > Vo lum e M e s h 3D > C FD te tra m e s h to access the CFD Tetramesh panel.
5. Leave the default Smooth BL option unchanged.
6. In the BL parameters subpanel, select the options to specify the boundary layer and
tetrahedral core:
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Number of Layers = 5
First layer thickness = 0.5
BL growth rate = 1.1
7. Select the type of tetrameshing algorithm: Simple Pyramid, Smooth Pyramid, All Prism
or All Tetras
8. Ensure the BL only checkbox is not checked.
9. In the Tetramesh parameters subpanel, set the Pyramid transition ratio = 0.8
10. Select the tetrahedral core growth rate switch to Inte rpo la te .
This avoids the problem of generating tetrahedral elements that are too large at the
center of the core mesh.
3.
4. Click the yellow Se le ct C o m po ne nts button and select the component wa ll_thinne r_bl.
5. Specify a thickness ratio of value 0.3 and click As s ign.
6. Notice that the summary message now indicates the number of BL thickness ratio loads on
components:
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13
When the models are more complex it is useful to display surface contours of BL thickness
ratio values.
7. Click C o nto urs o f B L Thickne s s R a tio , and the Contour panel will be automatically
displayed.
8. Click co nto ur to inspect the distribution of BL Thickness Ratio on the surface of your
domain and click re turn when you are finished. Click C lo s e to close the dialog.
9. Go to the CFD Tetramesh panel, Boundary selection subpanel. Here all the elements/
components that define the surface area on which you need to generate boundary layers
will be selected. This selection is done with the With BL (fixed) selector.
10. Click co m ps under With BL (fixed) and select the collectors wall and wall_thinner_bl.
11. Select all the elements/components that define the surface area on which you do not
want to generate boundary layers. This selection is done with the W/o BL (float)
selector.
12. Click co m ps and select the collectors, inlet and outlets.
13. The switch below the W/o BL (float) selector is set to Remesh. This means that the
meshes in the zones defined by collectors inlet and outlets will be remeshed after being
deformed by the boundary layer growth from adjacent surface areas.
14. Click m e s h to create the CFD mesh.
When this task is finished, note the two collectors automatically created:
CFD_boundary_layer and CFD_Tetramesh_core.
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15. Inspect the relative size of the boundary layer thickness by masking some of the elements
as shown in the following image. This image shows that the BL thickness on component
wall_thinner_bl is only 30 percent of the global BL thickness.
The manual approach followed previously is useful when you need to reduce the BL
thickness throughout a component, or at a clearly identified group of nodes.
When you have a very complicated geometry and BL collision is likely to occur, the best
approach is to use the Generate BL Thickness tool to generate automatically
distributed boundary layer thickness ratios at each node of the surface mesh. This tool
performs a collision study and assigns a BL thickness ratio to each node of the surface
mesh that requires a reduction of the baseline BL thickness to avoid collision. Usage of
this tool is explained in Tutorial CFD-1100.
The previous steps illustrate simple and effective steps to reduce the BL thickness on surface
components. This approach is very easy to use and effective when you know how much you
want to increase or decrease the BL thickness all over a component. A similar approach is
followed to increase/decrease BL thickness on groups of nodes.
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15
Exercise
16
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Step 3: Check that all the elements in collector wall define a closed
volume
1. Click M e s h > C he ck > C o m po ne nts > E dge s to open the Edges panel.
2. Click co m ps and select the collector wa ll.
3. Click find e dge s .
A message indicating that no edges were found will appear on the status bar.
4. Toggle fre e e dge s to T- co nne ctio ns .
5. Select the collector wall again and click find e dge s .
The status bar will display, No T -c onne c t e d e dge s w e re found.
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17
6. Click the B L pa ra m e te rs subpanel. All the data that has been entered in the Boundary
selection subpanel is stored.
7. Select the options to specify the boundary layer and tetrahedral core:
Number of Layers = 5
First layer thickness = 0.5
BL growth rate = 1.0 (This non-dimensional factor controls the change in layer
thickness from one layer to the next).
8. Under the BL hexa transition mode header, change the selection to All Prisms (Prism
to all Layers).
This means that if there are any quad elements in the surface mesh, those will be split
into two trias each so that there is no need to transition from quad faces to tria faces
when transitioning from the last boundary layer to the tetrahedral core. This option is very
important when there are quad elements on areas with (low) distributed BL thickness ratio
, because in such areas the thickness of the transition elements (for example simple
pyramid) was not taken into account when doing the interference study to assign
dist ribut e d BL t hic kne ss ra t io to those elements.
9. Leave the BL only checkbox unchecked.
This option generates the boundary layer alone and stops before generating the
tetrahedral core. This option modifies adjacent surface meshes to reflect changes
introduced by the boundary layer thickness, and creates a collector named
^CFD_trias_for_tetramesh, that is used to generate the inner core tetrahedral mesh
using the Tetramesh parameters subpanel.
10. Check the box for Pre calc and then click the green Auto button.
11. In the Generate Boundary Layer distributed thickness values dialog, notice that the
wall component is already selected and has a Bound Type of wall.
This is because the wall component was selected in the Boundary selection subpanel.
12. Specify the Boundary Layer options as shown in the following image.
-
18
The number of layers, first layer thickness and growth rate have been established in
the BL parameters subpanel and are greyed out here. All layers will have the same
thickness (except for mesh smoothing operations such as hyperbolic smoothing at
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corners).
-
The last option, Bound Layer thickness at corners, is a coefficient that controls
the hy pe rbolic growth where walls make an angle. The smaller this value is, the thinner
the total BL thickness in such areas is.
Now you are ready to generate the Distributed BL Thickness loading. Make sure that
none of the elements specified in the boundary collectors are masked. If they are masked
an error message will indicate that there is a discrepancy between the total number of
elements in the components and the tria3/quad4 elements found. If you have masked
elements, you can access the Mask (F5), and press unm a s k a ll.
13. Click G e ne ra te D is tribute d B L Thickne s s R a tio .
14. If the model already contains boundary layer thickness ratios, then a pop-up message box
will ask you if you want to keep such loading or if you want to delete them. Most of the
time you will want to clear the existing boundary layer thickness ratios; press Y e s . In
some special cases you may want to keep them, if more than one loading value is
specified at a node, the minimum value is used when generating the mesh.
After a few seconds you will see a pop-up message indicating the number of distributed
boundary layer thickness values included in collector ^CFD_BL_Thickness.
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19
15. Click C lo s e in the Generate Boundary Layer distributed thickness values window.
16. Click the Te tra m e s h pa ra m e te rs subpanel.
17. There are three different tetrameshing algorithms available. Select O ptim iz e M e s h
Q ua lity .
For a detailed explanation of each option, please refer to the online help.
18. Set the tetrahedral core growth rate to Inte rpo la te .
This avoids the problem of generating tetrahedral elements that are too large at the
center of the core mesh.
19. Click m e s h to create the CFD mesh.
When this task is finished, two collectors are automatically created: CFD_bl001 and
CFD_tetcore001.
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Summary
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21
HyperMesh allowed you to generate high-quality boundary layer meshes on parts with very
thin walls. To accomplish this you first need to use the utility Generate Distributed BL
Thickness Ratio to generate load collector ^CFD_BL_Thickness. This load collector is then
used when you enable distributed thickness. As shown in the cross-sectional images, the
mesh is very smooth and is of excellent quality.
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Exercise
4. Inspect the surface elements that will be used to generate the volume mesh.
You would like to generate boundary layers on all the surface elements contained in
components wall and wall_cyl. However, there is an area close to the end of wall_cyl
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23
where the clearance between wall and wall_cyl is very small. This can be easily observed
in this case by changing the visibility of component wall, as shown in the following image.
In more complex models it is not possible to visually identify all the zones where there is
not enough space to growth the baseline or nominal boundary layer as specified in terms
of the number of layers, first layer thickness and growth rate. This is not a problem
because the automatic distributed thickness loading computation takes into account all
possible interference cases. This is demonstrated in this tutorial.
5. Select Pre fe re nce s > Us e r Pro file s to set the User Profile.
6. Select E ngine e ring So lutio ns as the Application.
7. Select the C FD radio button and then select AcuSo lv e from the drop down menu.
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3. Under the heading With BL (fixed), click co m ps and select the collectors wall and
wall_cyl.
4. Under the heading W/o BL (float), click co m ps and select the collectors inlet and
outlets.
5. Ensure that the switch below the W/o BL (float) selector is set to Remesh. This means
that the surface meshes associated with those components will be remeshed or rebuilt
after shrinking due to boundary layer growth from adjacent boundary layer components.
6. Leave the default Smooth BL option unchanged.
7. Click the B L pa ra m e te rs subpanel.
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25
Note:
A component with Bound Type: wall indicates that you are going to generate a boundary
layer mesh on the component later on when you generate the mesh. Therefore, the same
component should be consistently specified with the comps selector for the With BL
(fixed or float) in the Boundary selection subpanel.
A component with a Bound Type: slip, symmetry, in/outlet, or farfield indicates that
you are NOT going to generate a boundary layer mesh on the component. Therefore,
when you generate the mesh this component should be consistently specified with the
comps selector for the W/o BL (fixed or float) in the Boundary selection subpanel.
11. Specify the Boundary Layer options as shown in the following image.
The first three fields are set in the BL parameters subpanel and cannot be changed
here. All layers will have the same thickness except in area affected by the distributed
thickness "loading" and also mesh smoothing operations such as hyperbolic smoothing
at corners.
Specify a Minimum (Tetrahedral-Core / Boundary-Layer) thickness ratio value
of 2.0. This means that in areas where there is not enough room to grow the nominal
BL (5 layers starting with a thickness of 0.5 and increasing with a grow rate of 1.2),
the boundary layers thickness will be reduced so that the tetrahedral core thickness is
approximately at least 2.0 times the total boundary layer thickness, except for mesh
smoothing operations such as hyperbolic smoothing at corners and convex/concave
areas.
The last option, Bound Layer thickness at corners, is a coefficient that controls
the hy pe rbolic growth where walls make an angle. The smaller this value is, the thinner
the total BL thickness is in such areas; values less than 1 produce thinner layers and
values greater than 1 produce thicker layers.
Now you are ready to generate the Distributed BL Thickness loading. Make sure that
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none of the elements specified in the boundary collectors are masked. If they are masked
an error message will indicate that there is a discrepancy between the total number of
elements in the components that you specified and the number of tria3/quad4 elements
found (displayed). If you have masked elements, you can use m a s k (F5), and press
unm a s k a ll.
12. Click G e ne ra te D is tribute d B L Thickne s s R a tio .
If the model already contains boundary layer thickness ratios, then a pop-up message box
will ask you if you want to keep such loads or if you want to clear/discard them. Most of
the time you will want to clear the existing boundary layer thickness ratios; press Y e s . In
some special cases you may want to keep them, if more than one loading value is
specified for a node, the minimum value is used when generating the mesh.
13. After a few seconds you will see a pop-up message indicating the number of distributed
boundary layer thickness values included in collector ^CFD_BL_Thickness.
14. Click C lo s e in the Generate Boundary Layer distributed thickness values dialog.
2. Set the switch for the tetrahedral mesh generation algorithm to Optimize Mesh Quality.
3. Ensure the tetrahedral grow rate is switched to Interpolate.
4. Click m e s h to generate the mesh. If collectors CFD_bl001 and CFD_tetcore001 are
present, you will be asked if you want to delete the elements in those collectors. Almost
always you select Y e s .
When this task is finished two collectors are created: CFD_bl001 and CFD_tetcore001.
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27
6. Zoom in into the area where the bounding surfaces come close together. The following
image illustrates how BL interference has been avoided by reducing the BL thickness.
7. Click re turn to close the Mask panel.
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and/or solid domain. In this case you have a single fluid domain, therefore you proceed as
follows:
1.
2.
3.
Click e le m s > > by co lle cto r and select the collector C FD _bl001.
4.
5.
6.
Click B C s > Fa ce s .
7.
Select the component fluid, and click find fa ce s . All boundary faces are placed in the
component ^faces.
8.
Create new, empty components to place the elements from ^ fa ce s so that when these
components are later exported, they can be used to set a boundary condition in your CFD
solver. In the Model Browser, right-click on C o m po ne nt, and then select C re a te .
9.
Enter the Name as wall_exterior. Leave Card image as none, and click C re a te .
10. Create three more empty components with the names wall_cylinder, inlet_annulus and
outlets3.
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29
11. Move the elements from component ^faces into the newly created components. This is
done for clarity; however, most of the time you create one fewer component and you
rename ^ fa ce s which retains the remaining elements after you move elements to the
newly created surface components. Organize the components by using the Organize
panel. Select B C s > O rga niz e .
12. Set dest component to wa ll_e xte rio r, then pick one element on the exterior wall
surface in the ^faces component.
13. Click the e le m s switch and select by fa ce .
This will recursively select all the elements attached to the picked element as long as the
adjacent elements are within a break angle less or equal to the value specified in the
feature angle field ( Pre fe re nce s > G e o m e try O ptio ns > M e s h subpanel).
The surface mesh in ^faces is such that the zones that you want to organize/move make
an angle close to 90 degrees and their boundaries, therefore this is a very easy job to do
with a default feature angle of 20 or 30 degrees.
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14. Having selected all the elements that should go to component wall_exterior, click m o v e
.
15. Now set the dest component to o utle ts 3 and pick at least one element on each one of
the three separate outlets as shown in the following image.
image.
19. Right-click the e le m s switch and select by fa ce .
20. Having all the elements on the inlet annulus selected, press m o v e and those elements are
moved to component inlet_annulus.
Now that all the remaining elements in component ^faces are the elements that you want
to move to component wall_cylinder.
21. Set dest component to wa ll_cy linde r.
22. Click on e le m s and in the panel area and select by co lle cto r.
23. Select the component ^ fa ce s .
24. Click m o v e and then click re turn.
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31
The elements are moved to component wall_cylinder as shown in the following image.
Summary
Engineering Solutions allowed you to generate high-quality boundary layer meshes on parts
where the clearance or separation of the bounding surfaces is not enough to accommodate
the user specified nominal boundary layer thickness. To accomplish this you first used the CFD
utility Generate Distributed BL Thickness Ratio to generate load collector
^CFD_BL_Thickness. This load collector is then used when you enable distributed
thickness. As shown in the cross-sectional images, the mesh is very smooth, free of
collisions, and is of excellent quality.
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Exercise
5. Select Pre fe re nce s > Us e r Pro file s to set the User Profile.
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33
Step 2: Check that all the elements in collectors wall, inner wall, inlet,
and outlets define a closed loop. (This step is for information only; it is
optional for this tutorial)
Usually, this step is not necessary because the collectors containing edge elements (PLOTEL)
are extracted from 2-D surface meshes that naturally have free edges forming closed loops.
However, there is a possibility that there may be duplicate nodes, and for this reason it is
advisable to perform the following test:
1. Click B C s > C he ck > E dge .
2. Click co m ps .
3. Select the collectors wall, inner_wall, Inlet and Outlet.
4. Click s e le ct.
5. You need to ensure that the tolerance value is smaller than the minimum element length.
To do this, first find the minimum element length.
Click M e s h > C he ck > E le m e nts > C he ck E le m e nts .
6. Select the radio button 1- d.
7. Click the top le ngth button.
A message indicates the minimum element length is 3.09, therefore you can safely use a
tolerance of 3.
8. Click re turn to close out of the current panel.
9. In the Edge panel, enter 3.0 in the tolerance = field and then click Pre v ie w E quiv . A
message indicating that 0 node s w e re found will appear on the status bar.
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11. Default values of boundary layer mesh (1st Layer Thickness, Growth Rate, and Bound
Type) will be assigned to each component. To remove one or more components from the
group, select those components from the list and click R e m o v e .
12. In the 2D Boundary Layer Mesh window, set the Bound Type value for components
Inlet and Outlet as In/Outlet.
The objective is to not generate boundary layers along the Inlet and Outlet components.
Note: those elements may be remeshed based on the adjacent elements size.
As indicated previously, components with Bound type In/Outlet will be remeshed based
on the adjacent elements size. The two following figures illustrate the case where an
inlet/outlet is defined with a single large element, after meshing the element size in this
area has been reduced to obtain a smooth element size transition, leading to an excellent
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mesh quality.
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This problem can be resolved by limiting the maximum perimeter elements aspect ratio. The
maximum boundary elements aspect ratio can be achieved using two approaches:
By addition of new nodes on the boundary / perimeter.
By node movement on the boundary / perimeter.
1. Activate the Allow boundary node insertion checkbox.
-
Refine the boundary edges by insertion of nodes on boundary edges. New node
insertion is controlled by the specified maximum perimeter element aspect ratio.
Or
-
This option is used to move boundary nodes along the original boundary. Boundary node
movement is controlled by the specified maximum perimeter element aspect ratio.
Enter the maximum perimeter element aspect ratio as shown in the following image:
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before mesh creation or if you want to add newly created elements to the same
collectors. Most of the time you will want to clear the existing mesh: click Y e s . In some
special cases you may want to keep them.
When this task is finished, two collectors 2DBLMesh and 2DCoreMesh are updated with
new elements as shown in the following image:
3. You can check the elements aspect ratio by using the shortcut key F10 and selecting
the 2- d page.
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When the perimeter has sharp angles as shown in the following image, triangular elements
are added to the boundary mesh to achieve a smoother transition of element sizes, and
mesh smoothing also contributes to increase the mesh quality.
Also note that the automatic mesh generator performs a collision detection and avoids
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boundary layer interference by reducing the boundary layer thickness, as shown in the
following inset:
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Summary
In this tutorial you generated 2-D meshes with boundary layers on a complex cross section.
You obtained a high quality mesh by allowing boundary node insertion and movement.
Engineering Solutions automatically cuts back the number of layers when boundary layer
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collision occurs, thus producing a consistent mesh even in narrow areas. In narrow passages
you can also reduce the total boundary layer thickness by starting with a smaller first layer
thickness and/or a smaller growth rate.
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Exercise
2.
3.
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3. Click G e ne ra te .
A pop-up message will display the estimated number of hexahedral elements that will be
created with the specified minimum hex cell size.
4. Click Y e s on the pop-up message.
The Wind Tunnel Mesh tool generates hexa, pyramids and shell elements and groups
them into several collectors.
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Step 8: Generate a surface and a tria mesh on the bottom of the box
1. In the Model Browser, turn off the element display for symp and turn on the display for
ground.
2. Click M e s h > Surfa ce M e s h 2D > Surfa ce / M e s h > Spline .
3. Set the selector toggle to no de s .
4. Click the nodes selector to open the extended entity selection menu and pick by pa th.
5. Set the second toggle to s urfa ce o nly .
6. Pick the nodes by path on the perimeter of the box bottom, as in the following image:
7. Click cre a te .
8. Click re turn.
9. Click M e s h > Surfa ce M e s h 2D > Auto m e s h.
10. Select the size and bias subpanel, ensure the selector is set to surfs and the element
size field is set to 20.
11. In the graphics area, click the bo x_gro und surface.
12. Click m e s h.
A message on the status bar will indicate the number of elements created.
13. Click re turn twice to return to the main menu.
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2. Click the yellow co m ps button and select the components plane, box_sym, ground,
trias_hexas_pyras, and box_ground .
3. Set the tolerance field to 0.1.
4. Click pre v ie w e quiv .
5. Click e quiv a le nce .
6. Click re turn.
7. In the Model Browser, turn off the display of ground, and turn on the element display
of trias_hexas_pyras .
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3. Under the W/o BL (fixed) header, click the co m ps selector and select the components
box_sym, box_ground and trias_hexas_pyras.
4. Click the B L pa ra m e te rs subpanel.
5. For Number of Layers = enter 3.
6. For First layer thickness = enter 0.7.
7. On the Tetramesh parameters subpanel, set the toggle to Interpolate.
8. Click m e s h.
The mesh may take a few minutes. When the mesh is complete, a message in the status
bar will indicate the number of nodes and elements created.
Note that two new components, CFD_tetcore001 and CFD_bl001, appear in the Model
Browser.
9. Click re turn.
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3. Rotate and inspect the mesh from the side of the model.
4. Click and hold one of the corners of the model. While keeping the mouse button down,
drag the corner of the model forth and back to sweep the cutting plane.
5. Click re turn.
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6. In the Model Browser, turn off the display of the elements of CFD_tetramesh_core and
CFD_boundary_layer.
7. Click B C s > O rga niz e .
8. Click e le m s and select o n pla ne .
9. Pick three nodes on the ^faces component, on the face that intersects the airplane
model.
A good way to determine which area to select is to isolate the display of the box_sym
geometry. This will show you the face to focus on. Turn the display of the ^faces
component back on, and select your three nodes.
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Step 15: Use the Model Browser to rename and delete components
1. In the Model Browser, display elements for fluid_hex.
2. Right-click fluid_he x in the Model Browser and select R e na m e .
3. Enter the new name as fluid.
4. Select C FD _te tco re 001 and C FD _bl001 and delete them using the process described in
Step 14.
5. Right-click C o m po ne nt and select Sho w to show all remaining components in the graphic
area.
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2. Ensure that CFD is selected for the File Type, and pick Flue nt for the Solver Type.
3. Use the File field to navigate to the destination folder and enter the name
wind_tunnel_mesh.
4. Click E xpo rt.
A pop-up dialog appears. After reading the dialog, click Y e s .
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5. In the pop-up dialog that appears, you are asked whether to reuse the setup from an
existing Fluent file. Since you just generated the grid and do not have a set up file (*.cas
), click No .
It may take a few minutes for the file to be created.
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Exercise
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2.
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3.
Checking the box for Generate exterior tetrahedral mesh and Boundary Layer makes
the bottom part of the tab editable. Enter the Number of layers as 3, the First layer
thickness as 0.4 and the Growth rate as 1.2.
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4.
Under the header With boundary layer, click the C o m po ne nts button and select the
component wall.
5.
Under the header W/o boundary layer, click the C o m po ne nts button and select inflow
and outflow.
6.
Click G e ne ra te just above the Report area. If a message appears, select Y e s . After the
meshing finishes, a message appears stating that additional components have been
created.
7. Check the Model Browser to see all the new components created.
8. Press F5 to open the Mask panel. While holding the shift key down, draw a box around
roughly half of the model, and click m a s k. This will display the inside of the model.
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11. Click M e s h > D e le te > E le m e nts . Click the yellow e le m s button and select dis pla y e d.
12. Click de le te e ntity . This deletes all 2D elements from the model.
13. While still in the Delete panel, click the toggle and switch from e le m s to co m ps . Click
co m ps and select the components that are now unused:
CFD_boundary_layer
hexcore
pyramids
faces_pyra_hex
tetras_exterior
14. Click de le te e ntity and click re turn.
15. In the Model Browser, right-click on C o m po ne nt and select Sho w to display the
remaining components. Only volume elements are now available in the model.
16. Click B C s > Fa ce s .
17. Click the co m ps button and select the fluid component.
18. Enter the tolerance as 0.010 and select find fa ce s . Click re turn to close the panel.
19. Click B C s > O rga niz e .
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Exercise
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4. In the Model Browser, click on C o m po ne nt and expand the folder, then right-click on
bo x and select H ide .
5. Right-click on pla ne and select Sho w.
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Step 4: Adjust the node seeding on each edge to get a structured quad
mesh
1. While in the density subpanel, change the elem density = field to 17.
2. Click the e dge button just above the elem density field and graphically select both lefthand edges of the wing.
The entire edge is selected.
3. Rotate the model and repeat Step 2 for the other end.
To get a structured quad mesh adjust the number of nodes on the edges in such a way so that two
opposite edges have the same number of nodes.
See the image below:
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4. Click the e dge button next to adjust: and select the edge as shown in the image below:
5. Now adjust the node seeding on the two remaining edges (leading edge and training edge)
to 47 to get a uniform quad mesh.
6. Click m e s h.
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13. In the Model Browser, right-click on the bo x component and select H ide . Right-click on
the load collector ^ C FD _B L_Thickne s s and select Sho w. Check the value of the scaling
factor to make sure it is correct and if it is attached to the correct component.
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14. Click on the Te tra m e s h pa ra m e te rs subpanel. Select Inte rpo la te for the tetrameshing
growth algorithm behavior.
15. Click m e s h. Two new components are generated containing the boundary layer elements
and tetra elements.
16. To check the result, mask parts of the mesh and compare the thickness of the boundary
layer for the plane component with the thickness of the BL_thin component. You can do
this in the Distance panel. You will see that the thickness ratio is 1/10, as expected.
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Due to smoothing algorithms for the boundary layer, the thickness ratios can differ from
the user-defined values, for some use cases.
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19. Move the shell elements from the four other sides to the component wall_slip.
20. Move the shells on the wing profile to the wall_wing component. Click re turn to close
the panel.
21. The collector ^faces should now be empty and can be deleted by right-clicking on it in
the Model Browser.
22. Delete the other empty components - plane, box, BL_thin, CFD_bl001 and
CFD_tetcore001.
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5. From the menu bar, select Pre fe re nce s > Us e r Pro file s .
6. In the Application field, select E ngine e ring So lutio ns .
7. Select the C FD radio button and then select AcuSo lv e from the drop down menu.
8. Click O K.
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2. This opens a message window explaining the mapping process and asking if you want to
continue. Select Y e s .
7. Review the log file. Notice that for each scalar data type available in the Tecplot file, a
new file was created. The file name is appended with the name of the scalar and
_for_LI. When you have finished reviewing the file, click D is m is s .
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8. Select cre a te .
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Step 5: Turn off the display of the load collector and show pressure
loads as a contour plot
1. Within the Model Browser, expand the folder Load Collector.
2. To turn off the display of the load collector pressure, click on the m e s h icon,
, to the
left of pressures. The icon will be greyed out and the pressure loads will no longer be
displayed.
3. Select To o ls > C o nto ur Lo a ds .
This opens a new tab called Contour Loads.
4. Click on pre s s ure s to select the load collector to be contoured.
5. Click on Acce pt.
This displays the Contour panel and automatically loads the appropriate information.
6. Click on co nto ur.
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This simply displays the pressure load as a contour for an easier way to view the load. Now
that the pressure load has been applied, an additional analysis can be setup and run.
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Step 3: Check that all the elements in the collectors wall, inlet and outlet
define a closed volume
1. Click M e s h > C he ck > C o m po ne nt > E dge s to open the Edges panel.
2. Click the yellow comps button and select the collectors wall, inlet and outlets.
3. Click s e le ct, and then click find e dge s .
A message indicating that no edges were found will appear on the status bar.
4. Toggle the free edges button to T-connections.
5. Select the three components again and then click find e dge s .
The status bar will display "No T -c onne c t e d e dge s w e re found."
6. Click re turn to close the panel.
7.
Click the B L pa ra m e te rs subpanel. All the data that has been entered in the Boundary
selection subpanel is stored.
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8.
Select the options to specify the boundary layer and the tetrahedral core:
Number of Layers= 5
First layer thickness= 0.5
BL growth rate= 1.1
9.
Under the BL hexa transition mode header, verify that the selection is set to Tetra to
all Layers.
This uses tetrahedral elements for the boundary layers.
12. There are three different tetrameshing algorithms available. Select O ptim iz e M e s h
Q ua lity .
13. Set the tetrahedral core growth rate, Interpolate. This avoids the problem of generating
tetrahedral elements that are too large at the center of the core mesh.
14. Click m e s h to create the CFD mesh. When this task is finished, two collectors are
automatically created: CFD_bl001 and CFD_tetcore001.
15. Click re turn to close the panel.
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2. To mask the generated mesh use the shortcut key F5 and select the elements to be
masked.
The following is a snapshot. Observe the excellent mesh quality.
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5.
In the Model Browser, put On the display ^faces component and put off the fluid
component.
6. Click B C > s O rga niz e and click one element on the inlet/inflow plane (the element will
become highlighted).
7. Click e le m s > by fa ce . All the elements in the collector ^faces on the inlet/inflow plane
will be selected.
8. Set the dest comp as inflow, and click m o v e . Similarly, move the elements from ^faces
associated with the outlets to the collector outflow.
9. Show the inflow and outflow components in the Model Browser.
When done, you will have all the exterior surfaces colored according to the collectors
where they have been placed as shown in the image.
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10. The remaining elements in the collector ^faces are the walls. Rename collectors ^faces
to walls.
3. In the File field, click on the file icon and specify a name and location for the file.
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1. Expand Surfa ce s and right click on D is pla y Ty pe to select s o lid & wire . This updates
the model display with a mesh in the Visualization area.
2. For changing the color of a surface, right-click on the surface and click D is pla y C o lo r.
Select the desired color from the Select color dialog.
2. In the panels area set the Title to Demo and Turbulence equation to Spa la rt- Allm a ra s .
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3. Double-click on Auto So lutio n Stra te gy and set the Relaxation factor to 0.4.
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3. In Model > Volumes > fluid tet4 > Element Set double click on E le m e nt Se t and
select W a te r in the drop down list next to Material model.
2. Make sure the Simple BC Active and Simple BC Type columns are present. If they are
not shown click on the C o lum ns button and select them.
3. Under the Simple BC Type, make sure Inflow is set for fluid tet4 inflow tria3 surface,
Outflow for fluid tet4 outflow tria3 and Wall for fluid tet4 walls tria3.
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Double click on Surfa ce s > fluid te t4 inflo w tria 3 > Sim ple B o unda ry C o nditio n.
2.
In the panel area, select Inflo w Ty pe to Average velocity and Average velocity to
2.0 m/s.
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on the Result
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A section cut is automatically applied to the model, and the Section Cut panel is
displayed.
2. Verify that Define plane is set to Z Axis. Click Apply .
3. Verify that Display Options has the Cross section option turned on. You can use the
Define plane slider bar (located under the Z Axis button) to move the position of the
section cut.
4. Click the C o nto ur panel button
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Step 6: Streamlines
1. Within the Results Browser, expand the Section Cuts folder. Click on the icon before
Section 1 to put off the display.
2. Using the Results Browser, turn off display for all components.
Only turn On the display for SBC: fluid tet4 inflow tria3 and SBC: fluid tet4 outflow
tria3 so that the inside of the flow domain is displayed in the graphics area.
3. Click the Stre a m line s panel button
panel.
button.
This opens the Reference point dialog. Enter the Reference points as (X1: 66.96, Y1:
79.69, Z1: -400) and (X2: 28.9, Y2: 79.69, Z2: -400).
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Crash
The following tutorials are available for the Crash - LS-DYNA user profile:
CRASH-1000: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls and Output
CRASH-1100: Using Curves, Beams, Rigid Bodies, Joints and Loads in DYNA
CRASH-1200: Model Importing, Airbags, Exporting Displayed,and Contacts using DYNA
CRASH-1300: Rigid Wall, Model Data, Constraints and Output Using DYNA
The following tutorials are available for the Crash - RADIOSS user profile:
CRASH-2000: Front Impact Bumper Model
CRASH-2100: Simplified Car Pole Impact
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Exercises
EID
PID
*PART
PID
SID
*SECTION
SID
*MAT
MID
MID
A *PART shares attributes such as section properties (*SECTION) and a material model
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EID
PID
*PART
PID
SID
*SECTION
SID
*MAT
MID
MID
Component, property and material collectors are created and edited from the Collectors
panel.
View DYNA Keywords in Engineering Solutions
An Engineering Solutions card image allows you to view the image of keywords and data lines
for defined DYNA entities as interpreted by the loaded template. The keywords and data lines
appear in the exported DYNA input file as you see them in the card images. Additionally, for
some card images, you can define and edit various parameters and data items for the
corresponding DYNA keyword.
Card images can be viewed using the Card Editor panel which can be access from the Card
Editor icon in the toolbar, or from the right-click context menus in the Model Browser and
Solver Browser.
Create *MAT
In Engineering Solutions, a *MAT is a material collector with a card image. To relate it to a
*PART, the material collector is associated to a component collector. A material collector can
be created from the Model Browser, Solver Browser or by selecting the Model menu and
choosing M a te ria l > C re a te .
Update a Components Material
Update any component with any material from the Component Collectors panel, update
subpanel.
Material Table Utility
This utility allows you to do the following:
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View a list of all existing materials in the model and attributes for them.
Create, edit, merge and check for duplicate materials.
This utility is located in the the Model menu.
Create *SECTION
In Engineering Solutions, *SECTION is a property collector with a card image. This is created
in the Property Collectors panel, create subpanel.
Exercise 1: Define Model Data for the Head and APillar Impact Analysis
The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA materials,
sections and parts using Engineering Solutions Crash - LS-DYNA.
This exercise comprises of setting up the model data for an LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III
dummy head impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is depicted below.
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2. Click O pe n.
The model loads into the graphics area.
Step 3: Define the material *MAT_ELASTIC for the A-pillar and head
1. Right-click in the Model Browser and select C re a te > M a te ria l.
The Create material dialog opens.
2. For Name, enter elastic.
3. For Card image, select M ATL1.
4. Click C a rd e dit m a te ria l upo n cre a tio n to activate the option.
5. Click C re a te to create the material and edit its card image.
6. Click the [R ho ] field and enter 1.2 E-6 for the density.
7. For Youngs modulus [E], specify 210.
8. For Poissons ratio [Nu], specify 0.26.
9. Click re turn to exit the panel.
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1. Right click in the Model Browser and select C re a te > Pro pe rty .
The Create property dialog opens.
2. For Name, enter section3.5.
3. In the Type field, select SUR FAC E .
4. For Card image, select Se ctShll.
5. Click C a rd e dit pro pe rty upo n cre a tio n to activate the option.
6. Click C re a te to create the property and edit the card.
7. For T1, enter 3.5.
8. Click re turn to exit the panel.
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Step 10: Add the slave and master contactsurfs to the group
1. Select the a dd subpanel.
2. For the master type, select cs urfs .
3. Click the co nta cts urfs selector and select the he a dm a s te r contactsurf.
4. Click upda te in the master: line, to the right of the yellow contactsurfs selector.
5. For the slave type select cs urfs .
6. Click the co nta cts urfs selector in the slave: line and select pilla r_s la v e .
7. Click upda te in the slave: line.
8. Stay in the Interfaces panel for the next step.
Step 11: Edit the groups card image to define the AUTOMATIC option
1. Select the ca rd im a ge subpanel.
2. Click e dit to edit the groups card image.
3. Under Options, click the toggle to select Auto m a tic.
4. Click re turn to go back to the Interfaces panel.
5. Stay in the Interfaces panel for the next step.
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Step 1: Make sure the Crash - LS-DYNA user profile is still loaded
Step 2: Retrieve the model file head_3.hm
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Step 3: Specify the time at which you want LS-DYNA to stop the
analysis with *CONTROL_TERMINATION
1. Click M o de l > C o ntro l C a rds to open the Control Cards panel.
2. Click ne xt to scroll through the list.
3. Select C O NTR O L_TE R M INATIO N.
A card image pops up.
4. For the termination time of the analysis, ENDTIM, specify 2.5.
5. Click re turn to go back to the Control Cards panel.
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Go to HyperMesh Tutorials
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Tools
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The Curve editor can be accessed by clicking M o de l > Functio n > C re a te C urv e from the
menu bar.
The Curve editor is a pop-up window that allows you to view and modify graphed curves in a
more intuitive and holistic way than the individual xy plots panels provide.
Below is a list of the tools functionality.
Change curve attributes
Change graph attributes
Display curves in the graph area
Create a new curve
Delete a new curve
Rename a curve
Below is a sample image of the Curve editor.
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Exercises
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icon.
A dialog opens.
2. Click re s to re 1 to see the beam view.
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Step 11: Display node IDs for ease of following the next steps
1. Click on the num be rs icon
In the Model Browser, right-click on the we lding component and select M a ke C urre nt
to set the welding component as the current collector.
Step 14: Display node IDs for ease of following the next steps
1. Click on the num be rs icon
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5. Click re turn.
6. From the toolbar, click the W ire fra m e E le m e nts (Skin O nly ) icon
standard graphics mode.
to change to
In the Model Browser, right-click on the jo int component and select M a ke C urre nt to
set it as the current collector.
Step 17: Create a revolute joint between two nodal rigid bodies
(*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_REVOLUTE)
The rigid bodies must share a common edge along which to define the joint. This edge,
however, must not have the nodes merged together. The two rigid bodies will rotate relative
to each other along the axis defined by the common edge.
1. Click C o nne ctio ns > Jo ints > E le m e nt > C re a te .
2. Set the joint type to re v o lute .
node1 is active.
3. Click on node 1635.
Notice the coincident picking mechanism displays two nodes 1635 and 1633.
4. Move the mouse to node 1635 in the coincident picking display and click on it to select it
for node 1 in rigid body A.
node2 is now active.
5. Click on node 1635 again to see the coincident picking mechanism and select node 1633
for node 2 in rigid body B.
node3 is now active.
6. Click on node 1636.
Two coincident nodes are displayed 1636 and 1634
7. Select node 1636 for node 3 in rigid body A.
node4 is now active.
8. Select node 1634 for node 4 in rigid body B.
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2.
3.
4.
Click the yellow co m ps button and select the ba s e _fra m e , ba ck_fra m e and co v e r
components.
5.
6.
Click re turn.
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Steps 21-25: Review the models component data using the Model
Browser, Solver Browser or Component Table tool
Using the Model Browser approach:
Step 23: Display only parts with a particular material (Ex: steel)
1.
2. Highlight the material steel, then right click on it and choose is o la te to see only
components that have the selected material assigned.
3. To review several materials, click on the is o la te icon
then select a material and scroll
through the material using the arrow keys in the model browser. The corresponding parts
are automatically isolated in the view.
4. Follow the above steps to select components using the By Properties option.
2. Select the part to rename and right click on it. Choose re na m e from the extended menu
options and the becomes editable to enter a new name.
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Notice the part's new name in the Solver and Model Browser.
Step 23: Display only parts with a particular material (Ex: steel)
1. Expand the Materials folder to see all available materials in the model.
2. Right-click on the material Ste e l and select Is o la te from the menu.
3. Complete steps 1 and 2 to select components based on properties using the *s e ctio n
folder.
2. Select the part to rename and right click on it. Choose re na m e from the extended menu
options and the becomes editable to enter a new name.
Notice the part's new name in the Solver and Model Browser.
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Step 23: Display only parts with a particular material (Ex: steel)
1. Click To o ls > C o m po ne nt Ta ble .
2. From the Display menu, click B y M a te ria l.
3. Select material s te e l and click pro ce e d.
Notice that the GUI and the Component Table show only those components with
material steel assigned. All other components get turned off.
5. Follow the above steps to select components using the By Properties and By thickness
option.
From the Table menu, click E dita ble to make the table editable. (All columns with a white
background can be edited. Ex: Part name, Part id, Thickness, etc.)
2. Type a number that does not conflict with the existing part IDs.
3. Click Y e s to confirm.
The exercise is complete. Save your work to a HyperMesh file.
Step 27: Review the models data using the Solver Browser
The created solver entities are listed in the corresponding folder in Solver Browser. Each
entity has the following options: Show, Hide, Isolate and Review to help you navigate
through the model.
1. Select dto r in the *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID folder.
2. Right-click and choose Is o la te to show only the entities that are referred in this keyword.
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2. Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
Right click in the Model Browser and select C re a te > Lo a d C o lle cto r.
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This is the scale factor the Curve Y axis values; the curve specified in the previous step
for the acceleration loads.
6. For the direction selector, select x- a xis .
This is the x-translational degree of freedom.
7. For the magnitude% = , specify 1.0E+7.
This is the scale factor for the graphical representation of the acceleration loads. It does
not affect the actual acceleration value.
8. Click cre a te to create the acceleration loads.
9. Click re turn.
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Export Displayed
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From the Export tab, you can select the Displayed option to export only displayed nodes
and elements. Only model data associated to the displayed nodes and elements are exported.
This model data includes materials and their associated curves, properties, portions of
contacts, and output requests.
DYNA card
Panel used to
create card
Equivalent
type in
Interfaces
panel, add
subpanel
*SET_SEGMENT
set_segment
(contactsurfs) or
csurfs
Interfaces, add
subpanel
entity
Entity Sets or
sets
Interfaces, add
subpanel
entity
Entity Sets or
sets
Interfaces, add
subpanel
comps
*SET_SHELL_Option
*SET_PART_LIST
EQ. 3: part id
*PART
Collectors
comps
*SET_NODE_Option
Entity Sets or
sets
Interfaces, add
subpanel
entity
Interfaces, add
subpanel
all
Interfaces, add
subpanel and then
card image subpanel
sets
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*SET_PART_LIST
135
Add subpanel
While the Interfaces panel, add subpanel has several master and slave types - comps,
sets, entity, etc. - to choose from in order to specify the DYNA master or slave set for a
*CONTACT, only the valid master and slave types are selectable for the particular contact
you are creating.
When the master or slave type is set to comps and only one component is selected, the
DYNA type is 3, part ID, and *PART is created. When multiple components are selected, the
DYNA type is 2, part set ID, and *SET_PART_LIST is created.
When the master or slave type is set to sets, only those sets valid for the particular
contact you are creating are selectable. For example, for *CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE,
only a list of node sets is available for slave; you will not see a list of other set types, like
element or part sets.
Review Contacts
You can review contacts with the review button in the Interfaces, add subpanel.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
With the set selector active, select the entity set a irba g_s e t.
The parts in this set define the airbags geometry.
5.
6.
7.
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Field
8.
Value
Parameter description
CV
1023. 0
CP
1320. 0
780. 0
LCMT
c ur v e i d 1
C23
1. 0
LCA23
c ur v e i d 2
CP23
1. 0
PE
1. 0E- 4
Ambient pressure
RO
1. 0E- 9
Ambient density
GC
1. 0
Click re turn twice to close the card image and then close the panel.
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Step 7: Specify the head to be the master surface with surface type 3,
part ID
1. Select the a dd subpanel.
2. Set the master surface type to co m ps .
3. Click co m ps and select the H e a d component.
4. Click upda te for the master selection.
5. Stay in the add subpanel for the next step.
Step 8: Specify all of the airbag to be the slave surface with surface
type 2, part set ID
1. Set the slave surface type to s e ts .
2. Click s e ts and select the pre-defined entity set airbag_set.
This set contains the AirbagFront and AirbagRear components.
3. Click upda te in the slave line to update the slave selection.
4. Stay in the add subpanel for the next step.
Step 9: View the master and slave entities and set the option to automatic
1. Click re v ie w.
2. Notice the master and slave entities are temporarily displayed blue and red, respectively.
All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.
3. Click on the ca rd im a ge subpanel and click e dit.
4. Set the Option toggle to Auto m a tic.
5. Click re turn to close the panel.
Right click in the Solver Browser and select C re a te > *C O NTAC T > C O NTAC T (A- O ) >
*C O NTAC T_AIR B AG _SING LE _SUR FAC E .
2.
3.
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4.
Step 11: Define all of the airbag to be the slave surface with slave set
type 2, part set ID
1. Select the a dd subpanel.
2. Set the slave: surface type to sets.
3. Click s e ts and select the pre-defined entity set airbag_set.
4. Click upda te to update the slave selection.
5. Stay in the add subpanel for the next step.
Steps 13- 16: Define a contact between the plate and the
airbag with *CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE
Step 13: Create *CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE card
1.
2.
Step 14: Specify the Airba gRe a r_ma ste r co nta ctsurf for the contacts
master surface
1. Select the a dd subpanel.
2. Set the master surface type to cs urfs .
3. Click e dit to open the Contact Surface panel.
4. For name = , type AirbagRear_master.
5. For card image = , select s e tSe gm e nt.
6. Optionally select a color for the contactsurf.
7. With the elems selector active, click e le m s > > by co lle cto r.
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Step 17: Export the model to an LS-DYNA 971 formatted input file
1.
Click on E xpo rt
2.
3.
4.
5.
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*PART_INERTIA
The INERTIA option allows inertial properties and initial conditions to be defined rather than
calculated from the finite element mesh. This applies to rigid bodies only.
When importing a DYNA model into Engineering Solutions, the *PART_INERTIA IRCS parameter
value is changed from 0 to 1. (The inertia components are changed from global to local axis.)
This allows inertia components to be automatically updated when *PART_INERTIA elements
are translated or rotated. When selecting *PART_INERTIA elements to translate or rotate,
select elements by comp. This selection method ensures the inertia properties are
automatically updated.
*CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES
This card defines extra nodes to be part of a rigid body.
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_(Option)
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_(Option) defines a cross section for resultant forces written to
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the ASCII SECFORC file. The options are PLANE and SET.
For the PLANE option, a cutting plane must be defined. For best results, the plane should
cleanly pass through the middle of the elements, distributing them equally on either side.
The SET option requires the equivalent of the automatically generated input via the cutting
plane to be identified manually and defined in sets. All nodes in the cross-section and their
related elements contributing to the cross-sectional force resultants should be defined in
sets.
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_SET and *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE are created
from the Solver Browser. Like the Interfaces panel, anything created from the Rigid Walls
panel is a HyperMesh group. Thus, to rename, renumber or delete a
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION card, select groups from the Rename, Renumber or Delete
panel.
*RIGIDWALL
A *RIGIDWALL provides a method for treating contact between a rigid surface and nodal
points of a deformable body.
Bumper model
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IXY
IXZ
IYY
IYZ
IZZ
1.5E+07
-5.0E+03
-8.0E+06
5.0E+07
-900
6.0E+07
8. For the initial translational velocity along the X-axis, VTX, specify -10.
9. Click re turn to exit the panel.
Step 4: Create a box that contains all nodes but the barrier nodes
1. Click M o de l > B o x > C re a te .
2. In the name = field, type box velocity.
3. Optionally select a color.
4. Toggle lower bound from corner node to x= , y = , z = .
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upper bound
X=
-530
200
Y=
-800
800
Z=
300
Step 5: Create initial velocity on all nodes but the barrier nodes
1. Click B C s > Initia l Ve lo city > No de Se t > C re a te .
2. For Name, type velocity and click C re a te / e dit to create the card.
3. For the initial velocity in the global X direction, VX, specify 10.
4. Click on the B O X ID field and select the box v e lo city created in Step 4.
5. Click re turn to close the panel.
Note:
You can also create velocity boundary condition on a set of nodes by clicking the
Step 6: Review the closest nodes which are in the pre-defined node set
named Constrain Vehicle
1. In the Solver Browser, right-click on C o ns tra in Ve hicle and select R e v ie w.
Notice the sets nodes are highlighted.
2. Right click on C o ns tra in Ve hicle again and select R e s e t re v ie w to return to normal
display mode.
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Step 8: Define the nodes in the C o nstra in Ve hicle set to be a part of the
vehicle mass rigid body
1. Select the a dd subpanel.
2. Make sure name = is set to ExtraNodes.
3. Set the slave type to s e ts .
4. Click on s e ts and select the C o ns tra in Ve hicle set.
5. Click s e le ct.
6. Click upda te to update the slave selection.
7. Stay in the Interfaces panel for the next step.
Note:
You can also create an extra node set on a set of nodes in the Solver Browser by
right clicking and selecting C re a te > C o ns tra ine d_E xtra _no de .
Step 9: View the extra nodes that are a part of the vehicle mass rigid
body
1. Click re v ie w.
Notice the extra nodes are temporarily displayed red while the PID (vehicle mass) is
temporarily displayed blue. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.
2. Click re turn to close the panel.
Note:
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4. Click on e dit.
The Entity Sets panel opens, where you can create the set.
5. For na m e = , type Exempt Parts.
6. Make sure the card image field is set to Part.
7. With the comps selector active, select the v e hicle m a s s component.
8. Click cre a te to create the set.
9. Click re turn to exit the panel.
Notice you are back in the Interface panel.
10. Click upda te to update the slave selection.
11. Select the ca rd im a ge subpanel.
12. Click e dit to edit the group.
13. Activate the option ExemptSlvPartSet.
14. Notice the slave surface type SSTYPE value changes from 2 (part set ID) to 6 (part set
ID for exempted parts). This implies all entities except the entities in the set are defined
as slave for the contact.
15. For the static coefficient, FS, specify 0.15.
16. Click re turn to go back to the Interfaces panel.
17. Click re turn to exit the panel.
Step 13: Define the location and size of the sections plane
In this subpanel, the planes origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base node.
Create a node from the Create Nodes panel by following steps 1 - 4 below and then select it
for the base node.
1. Press the F8 key to open the Create Nodes panel.
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2. Select the X Y Z
subpanel.
3. For x=, y= and z=, enter the values 320, -500 and 100, respectively.
4. Click cre a te to create the node.
Notice the node is created and is displayed.
5. Click re turn to go back to the geom subpanel of the Rigid Walls panel.
6. With the base node selector active, graphically select the node just created.
7. Switch normal vector to x-axis.
This defines the walls normal vector.
8. Leave shape set to plane.
9. Toggle from infinite to finite .
10. Toggle from corners to dis t/ a xis .
11. Switch local x axis: to y - a xis .
This defines the edge vector L.
12. For len x= and len y = , specify 100 and 200, respectively.
Doing this defines the extent of the section. The values are the length of the edges a and
b in the L and M directions, respectively.
13. Click upda te to update the group.
14. Stay in the same panel for the next step.
During export, a set is created from the selected comps and is attached to the
section definition in its card image.
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Step 16: Create a box containing the nodes making up the barrier and
bumpers left side
These nodes will be slave to the rigid wall.
1. Click M o de l > B o x > C re a te .
2. In the name = field, type half model.
3. Optionally select a color.
4. Specify the lower and upper bounds as follows:
lower bound
upper bound
X=
-600
-460
Y=
-800
Z=
400
Step 18: Define the location and size of the rigid wall
In this subpanel, the rigid walls origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base
node. Create a node from the Create Nodes panel by following steps 1-4 below and then
select it for the base node.
1. Make sure name=, is set to wall.
2. Press the F8 key to open the Create Nodes panel.
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3. Select the X Y Z
subpanel.
4. For x=, y= and z=, enter the values 600, -750 and 90, respectively.
5. Click cre a te . Notice the node is created and is displayed.
6. Click re turn to go back to the Rigid Walls panel, geom subpanel.
7. With the base node selector active, select the node that was created in step 4.
8. Switch normal vector: set to x- a xis .
9. Leave shape: set to pla ne .
10. Toggle from infinite to finite .
11. Toggle from corners to dis t/ a xis .
12. Select y - a xis for local x axis.
13. For len x= and len y = , specify 615 and 250, respectively.
These values define the extent of the wall. They are the length of the edges l and m,
respectively.
14. Click upda te to update the group.
15. Stay in the Rigid Walls panel for the next step.
Step 19: Edit the card image for the rigid wall to specify the nodes in
the *D E FINE _B O X half model as slave to the rigid wall
1. Select the ca rd subpanel.
2. Click e dit to edit the group.
3. Click the B O X ID field twice and select the box ha lf m o de l.
4. In the field FRIC, specify 1.0 for the friction coefficient.
5. Click re turn to go back to the Rigid Walls panel.
6. Click re turn to close the panel.
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Step 21: Export the model to an LS-DYNA 971 formatted input file
1. Click File > E xpo rt > So lv e r D e ck to open the Export tab.
2. Make sure the File Type: field is set to LS-DYNA.
3. Save the file as Bumper_complete.key.
4. Click E xpo rt.
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Exercise:
The model used consists of a simplified bumper model (see image below):
Bumper model
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14. Click on the ca rd e dit icon in the toolbar, set the selector to e le m s and select the rigid
body created. Click e dit.
15. Fill the mass and inertia information in the card image as in the table below:
Mass
J_XX
J_XY
J_XZ
J_YY
J_YZ
J_ZZ
800
1.5E+07
-5.0E+03
-8.0E+06
5.0E+07
-900
6.0E+07
Step 4: Create a node set using a box that contains all nodes but the
barrier nodes
1. Click M o de l > B o x > No de > C re a te .
2. In the name= field, enter box velocity.
3. Optionally select a color.
4. Toggle lower bound from corner node to x=, y=, z=.
5. Specify the lower and upper bounds as follows:
X=
lower bound
upper bound
-530
710
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Y=
-800
800
Z=
300
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Step 8: Create a system that specifies the location and the cross section
plane normal
1. Click on the D is pla y Num be rs icon
in the toolbar.
on the toolbar.
Step 9: Create a set of elements that will contribute to the crosssectional force results
1. Click M o de l > Se ts > She ll- 4 > C re a te .
2. In the name = field, type XsectionPlane-elements.
3. With the elements selector active, select two rows of element on either side of the
system as shown in figure below.
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Step 12: Create a node set using box containing the nodes making up
the barrier and bumpers left side
These nodes will be slave to the rigid wall.
1. Click M o de l > B o x > No de > C re a te .
2. In the name = field, type half model.
3. Optionally select a color.
4. Specify the lower and upper bounds as follows:
lower bound
upper bound
X=
-600
-460
Y=
-800
Z=
400
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Step 14: Define the location and size of the rigid wall
In this subpanel, the rigid walls origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base
node. Create a node from the Create Nodes panel by following steps 1-4 below and then
select it for the base node.
1.
2.
3.
For x=, y= and z = , enter the values 600, -750 and 90, respectively.
4.
Click cre a te .
6.
With the base node selector active, select the node that was created in step 5.
7.
8.
9.
Step 15: Edit the card image for the rigid wall to specify the nodes in
the GRNOD/BOX half model as slave to the rigid wall
1. Select the a dd subpanel.
2. Set the slaves: entity selector to ra d_bo x.
3. Select the C a rd page and click e dit to edit the rigid wall definition.
4. In the Grnod1BOX field, specify the ID of the box half model.
5. In the field FRIC, specify 1.0 for the friction coefficient.
6. Click re turn to go back to the Rigid Walls panel.
7. Click re turn to exit the panel.
2.
The Create/Open Process Instance dialog opens, as shown below. In the dialog select
the folder where you will finally export the model in the Folder field.
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3.
Click on C re a te / O pe n.
4.
The Process Manager is displayed in the browser tab area, and the panel opens the
Process Manager, as shown below.
5.
Click on Add, followed by C o m ps and select the components e xte rio r cra s hbo x le ft,
e xte rio r cra s hbo x right, inte rio r cra s hbo x le ft, and inte rio r cra s hbo x right.
6.
7.
Change the Blank holder force to low for all the components.
8.
9.
10. Click on R e v ie w. The components will be contoured with thinning coming from stamping.
11. Click re turn to come back to the results selection.
12. Similarly repeat the same series of steps for plastic strain to review initial hardening in the
component.
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13. Click on Ne xt until all stages are complete in the Process Manager.
14. Click on C lo s e to close the Results Initializer.
Note: The results are attached to the model as include files. These include files are in the
same directory as selected in step 2.
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3. Click on the ANIM tab and fill in the options as shown below:
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2. For File:, click the folder icon and navigate to destination directory where you want to
run.
3. Enter the name as bumper_impact and click Sa v e .
4. Click the downward-pointing arrows next to Export options to expand the panel.
5. Click Auto e xpo rt e ngine file to export the engine file with the model file.
6. Click on E xpo rt to export both model and engine file.
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Model Description
UNITS: Length (mm), Time (s), Mass (ton), Force (N) and Stress (MPa)
Simulation time: Engine [0 0.06]
An initial velocity of 15600 mm/s is applied on the car model to impact a rigid pole of
radius 250 mm.
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/LAW2 (Windshield)
Initial Density [Rho_I]
Young's Modulus [E]
Poissons Ratio [nu]
= 2.5x10-9 ton/mm3
E = 76000 MPa
= 0.3
0 = 192 MPa
K = 200 MPa
n = 0.32
E = 210000 MPa
= 0.3
0 = 200 MPa
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= 7.9x10-9 ton/mm3
K = 450 MPa
169
n = 0.5
E = 200 MPa
= 0.49
30 MPa
0 = 1e
n =1
Exercise
2. Click O pe n.
The model loads into the graphics area.
Step 3: Create and assign the material for the windshield components
1. In the Model Browser, right-click and select C re a te > M a te ria l.
2. In the Name field, enter windshield.
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8. Click re turn.
9. Right-click on C O M P- PSH E LL3 and select E dit.
The Edit component dialog opens.
10. Click on the M a te ria l tab.
11. Check the Assign material box.
12. In the Name field, select winds hie ld.
13. Click Upda te to update the selected components with the created material.
14. Repeat steps 9 - 14 for component COMP-PSHELL16.
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Rho_Initial
7.900e-09
210000.00
nu
0.300
200.000
450.000
0.500
SG_max
425.000
9. Click re turn.
10. Click upda te to update the selected components with the created material.
Step 6: Create and assign the material for the rubber components
1. In the Model Browser select C O M P- PSH E LL20 to C O M P- PSH E LL23 and select E dit
from the context sensitive menu.
A new dialog opens.
2. Go to the Materials tab.
3. Check Assign material.
4. For name, enter rubber.
5. Set the Type field to E LASTO - PLASTIC .
6. Choose M 2_PLAS_JO H NS_Z E R IL for the Card image field.
7. Click C re a te m a te ria l. The Card Image panel appears as shown in the image below.
8. Enter the values as shown in the card image below:
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2. For Name, enter 35MPH, set the Select type field to Initia l Ve lo city and set GRNOD to
Pa rts .
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5. Click C re a te to create the boundary condition and boundary condition appears in the
table.
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3. Click Apply .
4. In the ANIM tab, enter values as shown in the following image:
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2. For File:, click the folder icon and navigate to destination directory where you want to
run.
3. Enter the name as fullcar and click Sa v e .
4. Click the arrows next to Export options to expand the panel.
5. Click Auto e xpo rt e ngine file to export the engine file with the model file.
6.
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Click Sta rt > Pro gra m s > Alta ir H y pe rW o rks 12.0 > R AD IO SS.
2. For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file fullcar_0000.rad.
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NVH
The following tutorials are available for the NVH user profile:
NVH-1000: Acoustic Cavity
NVH-1100: NVH Director Assembly
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pa s s e a t he a d re s t and
8. Click the Pre v io us Pa ge button and select IN driv e r s e a t ba ck cus hio n, IN drv s e a t
he a d re s t, IN driv e r s e a t lo we r cus hio n, and IN pa s s s e a t lo we r cus hio n.
9. Click s e le ct to complete the selection of the seats.
10. Make sure the seat coupling toggle is set to node to node remesh.
11. Enter 40 for element size=.
12. Enter 100 for gap patch size =.
13. Enter 200 for hole patch size =.
14. Click the cre a te ho le e le m e nts option to activate it.
15. Click pre v ie w to see a preview of the mesh.
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Preview of mesh
The mesh appears in the graphics area and the Acoustic Cavity tab opens in the tab
area.
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AC _Structural.1 isolated
2. Right click on the other components in the list and click Sho w.
3. Right click on AC _Structura l.1 and click H ide .
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5. Select each of the seat cavitys and right click and click H ide .
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pa s s e a t he a d re s t and
10. Click the Pre v io us Pa ge button and select IN driv e r s e a t ba ck cus hio n, IN drv s e a t
he a d re s t, IN driv e r s e a t lo we r cus hio n, and IN pa s s s e a t lo we r cus hio n.
11. Click s e le ct to complete the selection of the seats.
12. Enter 40 for element size=.
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Note that the rear door volumes are now a part of the overall volumes.
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C ompleted mesh
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The Assembly Browser is part of the Packaged Solution Offerings (PSO), and will
require a PSO license feature to activate.
A file save warning message will be displayed informing you that the complete assembly
database can only be saved in the XML format as shown in step four of this tutorial.
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2. From any view of the Assembly Browser, right-click and select C re a te M o dule .
3. Enter a module name in the dialogue, and then click O K. Repeat the process to create all
root level modules for the assembly. Expand the assembly by clicking on the + box next
to Module Model.
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2.
After naming the module, you need to import an XML file. This should be an assembly
database file that you exported from the NVH Director. Click on the file fo lde r icon
to
navigate to a folder where the .xml file is located. Select the file and click O K to load the
file.
The assembly information will be loaded into HyperWorks.
To save the Assembly definitions in XML files, click on the File Vie w
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Note: The Preserve option saves an assembly XML file along with a set of nested
subassembly files (similar to include files). The Merge option saves the assembly file with
all subassembly files merged into it.
Subassembly files can be specified by clicking on the - icon in the XML file path column.
Navigate to the desired folder and specify a file name. Export of subassembly files can be
controlled by checking/unchecking of the check box in the Export column.
Note: The Save XML option is enabled only in the File View to ensure that you are
aware that the subassembly files are over-written.
Right-click on any module and select M a na ge R e pre s e nta tio ns . This brings up the
Module Manager tab, and the Representation sub-tab is shown.
2.
Select a module from the drop down menu marked Module to select a different module.
To create a representation for the selected module, right-click inside the top part of the
Representation tab.
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3.
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4.
On the newly created representation change the module description, if desired. A default
description is created, which you can edit.
5.
After a representation has been added, use the Type field to select an appropriate Type
and a file to be associated with the representation, and click Apply . Two convenient
options can be selected during this step:
A file assigned to the root representation can optionally be auto-assigned to be a
Display representation (PLOTFE type) simultaneously by checking the Assign file to
Display representation checkbox.
A representation can be auto-selected to be the Display representation by checking
the Set as Display, load and extract TagPoints checkbox. This will be followed by the
file being imported into the 3-D graphics window and TagPoints defined in the file
extracted.
6.
Aside from file based representations, a templated Lumped Parameter (LP) representation
can also be defined using the LP templates included in the NVH Director, or user created
templates.
7.
8.
Repeat the process by selecting another module through the drop down box on the top
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right side.
9.
Once all representations are defined, click on the As s e m bly B ro ws e r tab to review the
assembly hierarchy with active Display and Analysis representations.
Right-click and select Im po rt D is pla y R e p > R e curs iv e M o dule s to recursively load the
active Display models.
Module representation include files specified as the display representation are loaded
here.
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2. To add a tagpoint, right-click inside the tagpoint list box, and select E xtra ct All to extract
tagpoints from the comments added to the 10th field of the grids in the loaded Display
model.
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Tagpoints displayed in the 3-D graphics area can be customized via the TagPoint Display
tool setting. By default, tagpoints are indicated with a grey sphere along with the label.
Other options are available using the pull-down menu.
3.
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In the Prepare Module Mode the HyperMesh database is first cleared to remove any
potentially conflicting FE entities, and then the root representation file is loaded into
HyperMesh. A module ID summary is then presented with all necessary information needed
for you to determine if the IDs need to be renumbered, and what range they should be
renumbered to.
This dialog shown below comes up as a part of the Prepare Module action. It is split into
two sections. The bottom section describes the finite element entity ID in the imported FE
file. The top section provides a way to renumber the IDs, if necessary, into a range that is
not in conflict with other modules in the assembly. The Proposed range is what the
dialog has identified as one conflict free range, which can be modified based on options to
the right. Action is a user specified operation to organize IDs into the Proposed range.
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Once an appropriate ID management action has been applied, NVH Director enters the
Prepare Module Mode, and a Prepare Module tab opens up in the browser area with
sub-tabs designed to help you perform many functions, such as:
Add spider: Help add spiders to a round hole. Select a type, dofs, pick center (RBE3
only) and edge nodes, and then click C re a te .
Add PLOTEL: Helps you with PLOTEL display elements.
Edit systems: Help relocate or orient the module by modifying the reference local
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coordinate system. This takes you directly to the HyperMesh Systems panel to edit
existing systems.
Orient and position: Help translate and rotate FE entities. Input values in the
appropriate input boxes and push one of the buttons below to perform the function.
Assign damping: Help fill GE field of MAT1 cards. Enter a damping value in the input
box and click All or Se le ct to apply the damping values to all or selected material
cards.
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A tagpoint mapping tool is also available in the Prepare Module tab via the
icon. The
mapping tool is able to reconcile in bulk the current tagpoint definition in the assembly
database with what is in the root module file. You can also create new tagpoints by
reading a .csv file that contains hard point coordinate and label information.
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2. Once you are finished preparing the module, you can prepare another one from the
Assembly Browser, or select to exit the Prepare Module Mode by clicking on the X
button on the Prepare Module tab.
You will be prompted with four representation file save options with information on ID
renumbering. Yes: The root representation file is to be saved, in this case, intra and inter
ID conflict flag will be set to Yes. No: The root representation file is not to be saved, in
this case, intra and inter ID conflict flag will be set to No. Cancel: The exit Prepare
Module Mode action is aborted. No, but VALIDATE: In this case there is no change to
the file and no need to save the file, but intra and inter ID conflict flag will be set to yes.
3. Once all of the modules have been prepared, you can review the assembly ID ranges and
conflict setting from the Id View of the Assembly Browser.
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At the individual module level, the ID tab of the Module Manager will also be populated.
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You can also provide a description for the connector created, specify an owning module, a
local coordinate system, connector location for the center of motion, and a collector for
the connector created.
3.
Connections can also be created using the Auto Create panel, which can be invoked by
clicking on the
icon. Two automated creation approaches are available: auto creation
by Proximity or by Tagpoint Matching.
4.
To review the connections that were created, select C o nne cto r B ro ws e r from the View
menu.
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The Connector Browser is divided into two browser panes. The top pane is the Module
Pane, where connected modules are listed. You can view connections attaching to
modules using typical browser functions, such as Show/Hide/Isolate.
The lower pane is the Connector Pane, where individual connections are listed.
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PointA/PointB: These two columns show the two tagpoints on two modules that are
being connected for each connection. The same order (PointA first and PointB second)
is used when generating connection FE entities during connector realization. PointA/
PointB may be shown with two incomplete status indications (in square brackets): [N/
A] indicates that the tagpoint exists in the assembly database, but is not available in
the HyperMesh session (not imported.) [Undefined] indicates that the tagpoint does
not exist in the current assembly database, which means the tagpoint is either deleted
or the sub .xml file it travels with is not imported in the session.
Owning module: This column indicates which module owns the particular connection.
The owning module is always the module on the PointA side of the connection. The
connection definition and properties always travel with or organized under their owning
modules when sub .xml files are written.
Distance: This column shows the distance between PointA and PointB. It can be used
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as a metric for checking the validity of the connection. Connections spanning large
distances are potentially connected by mistake. Some NVH engineers prefer to keep all
connections at zero length due to fear that non-zero length springs may introduce
unintended dynamic motion, which is a valid concern if celas type spring elements are
used during connector realization. When cbush type spring and rbe2 type rigid
elements are used, this is the case for all current NVH Director supported realization
types, correct dynamic motion is ensured by element formulation, and there is no
longer a need to maintain zero connection length.
Switch nodes: This column shows if there is a need to switch the order by which
PointA and PointB are used in generating rbe2 rigid elements during connector
realization. This need is driven solely by dependency considerations of the connected
points, since a point that is already dependent cannot be made the dependent point
again in the connection element definition. Four possible states of this column are
possible. No: If PointA is independent, regardless of the dependency of PointB. Yes: If
PointA is dependent, but PointB is independent, in which case PointB will be made the
independent point in realizations involving rbe2. Unresolvable: This happens when
both PointA and PointB are already dependent, in which case a realization involving
rbe2 is not possible, and the connection will fail to realize. Unknown: If PointAs
dependency status is unknown or if PointA is dependent and PointBs dependency
status is unknown.
Property View
: Columns in this view focus on connection property types defined,
local coordinate systems used and property set that is active.
Location View
5.
6.
Similarly, select Find Una tta che d Ta gPo ints to see if some TagPoints are unattached by
accident.
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This opens the General tab of the Connection Manager, where you can edit the
connectors general information including Label, Description and Owning Module.
2. Click on the Upda te button to save the changes.
A connection location type can be defined by selecting one of the options from the pulldown menu: Point A, Point B, Midpoint, or a CustomLocation. When CustomLocation
is selected, the location can be defined either by specifying a specific coordinate, or by
mapping it to a Hardpoint location.
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3.
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icon and pick a tagpoing on the screen in the 3D graphics window, and then click Se le ct.
The tagpoint list can be further filtered by clicking on the
icon and selecting one of
the tagpoint types: Response, Connection, Input, Plot, or All (default).
When checked, the Switch Nodes check box allows you to change the independent node
from Point A to Point B, based on their dependency status, to avoid an already
dependent node being specified as dependent again when the connection is realized into
new rigid elements. Connection properties are defined in the States tab of the
Connection Manager.
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The first step in defining connection properties is to select a State Set. State Set is
designed to capture a unique hardware part with its own set of connection properties. For
example, hydromount vs. a base rubber part. By default, a base State Set is already
created and assigned to the connector. Therefore, unless there is a need for multiple sets
of properties, the default base State Set selection does not need to be changed.
4.
To select another State Set click on the E dit... button. This opens the Select State Set
dialog.
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As seen in the screenshot above, four options are available in specifying coordinate
systems used by any element generated during connection realization:
Vehicle 0 or the basic coordinate system is used.
Owned This option allows you to create a custom LCS by clicking on the E dit
button.
TagPointA Local coordinate system specified as the output Displacement Coordinate
System on the grid card associated when TagPointA is used.
TagPointB Local coordinate system specified as the output Displacement Coordinate
System on the grid card associated when TagPointB is used.
When the Owned local coordinate system is selected, a local coordinate system managed
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in the assembly can be created using the Define Local Coordinate System dialog. Three
types of coordinate systems can be defined:
Axis-Plane Two vectors are required to define this system. A vector can either be
specified in direction cosines, or by selecting two tagpoints.
Angle Any combinations of angle rotations around the reference axes can be used
to define this system.
Ujoint The Ujoint coordinate systems is defined by selecting two tagpoints on the
input shaft and two tagpoints on the output shaft. A homo-kenetic coordinate system
will then be created to properly describe motion transfer of Ujoints from the input to
the output shafts.
As seen in the screenshot above, five options are available in specifying property states:
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6.
Browse and select a connection property template file, select a connection property set,
and click on Im po rt to load the property states.
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7.
Repeat the above process for all connections to complete property definition.
1.
icon.
To add an analysis by extracting active module and connection settings, click on the
icon. To add an analysis by copying module and connection settings from the selected
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icon.
2. To delete an analysis, first check the radio button corresponding to the analysis and then
click on the
The top section of the Analysis Manager is used to define analyses, which is further
divided into three parts. The first is for module representation and state selection, the
second is for connection state selection, and the third is for template loadcase definition.
3.
4.
To define module representations, select the representation via the list individually, or
globally all representations by type via the right-click context menu, shown below.
5.
To define template loadcase, click on the icon to invoke the Select Loadcase
Definition dialog.
6.
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The lower section of the Analysis Manager is used to apply the module representation
and state selections to the modules in the assembly, realize connections to states defined
into corresponding FE entites and render the defined loadcase into solver cards. Once an
analysis has been applied, the Job options section is enabled.
7.
If the Create job option is selected, you can select a Jo b fo lde r and click the C re a te
Jo b button, which opens the Job Submission dialog, allowing you to select a number of
solver related options. Clicking the Subm it Jo b button will create the analysis job and
submit it to the target solver for analysis. Subsequently, the job will be accessible through
the Job Manager.
8.
If the Export deck option is selected, click on E xpo rt to save a solver deck for manual
submission to the targeted solver for analysis.
All analysis information is saved in the assembly XML file, and retrieved when the file is
loaded back.
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