WBv12.1 Emag Tutorial5 Rotating Machine PDF

EMAG Tutorial 5:
Rotating Machine
Tutorial 5
January 24, 2010

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
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1-1
Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
Training Manual
Set up a transient analysis of one half of

the length of a single periodic sector of a
rotating machine. Odd periodic boundary
conditions will be used to mimic
presence of adjacent periodic sectors.
The rotor contains a single
g permanent
p
magnet which is poled radially outward
and attached to a permeable ring.
The stator is magnetically permeable
structure containing 3 poles. It has no
coils in this exercise; a stranded
conductor option that can be used to
model coils will not be available until
version 13 .
Define 90 rotation of the rotor which
occurs over a one second time interval.
The PM will be electrically conductive;
eddy currents and Joule heating will be
calculated
calculated.
Net rotor torque will be calculated.
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Rotor
core
PM
Rotor
iron
Empty
coil
slots
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Objectives
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Module 5
WB supports only
magnetostatic analyses.
Transient analyses,
especially those including
motion effects, will require
command objects.
Rigid body rotation or
translational motion can
be simulated with an
undocumented (even in
the traditional ANSYS
environment)
e
o e t) set o
of
commands (ARMINT
feature).
Insertion of command
objects that set up motion
effects is largely
automated with a special
wizard (supplied courtesy
of CADFEM).
Ladder mesh
requirement will be
necessary to use ARMINT
feature.
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Interface in air gap

Mesh in direction
of motion need
not match
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Procedure
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Mesh normal to
direction of
motion
ti mustt
match (and does)
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Start Workbench and Read in Geometry
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S
Start
W
Workbench
kb
h
Training Manual
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Module 5
Hold down LMB to

drag a Magnetostatic
Analysis System into
the Project Schematic
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The Project Page Loads
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Right click on Geometry to

browse for SYS.agdb
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Module 5
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User-Defined Coordinate Systems for PM

Polarization and Periodic Boundary
Conditions
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Module 5
Training Manual
One coordinate system will be used to define the direction of

polarization of the permanent magnet. It will be most convenient to
create this coordinate system in DM. Coordinate system
PM_polarization will have its x axis pointing in the average radially
outward direction of the permanent magnet
outward
magnet. Polarization may only be
defined only in the positive or negative x direction, so anytime the
direction of polarization is not aligned with the Global x direction, a
special properly oriented coordinate system must be created for to
d fi polarization.
define
l i i
Another cylindrical coordinate system will be needed to specify the odd
periodic boundary condition. It will be most convenient to create this
coordinate system in Mechanical.
Mechanical
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We will need to create 2 coordinate systems
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Double click on Geometry

to bring up the Design
Modeler GUI
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Module 5
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Begin to define coordinate system used to define PM polarization
Right click on Ring to hide this

body and expose the inner
cylindrical surface of the PM
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Click on the New Plane icon

to initiate creation of plane to
define direction of PM
polarization
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Set Type to From Point and

Edge, pick Not Selected
adjacent to Base
Base Point
Point,, pick
vertex in image, then Apply
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Pick Not Selected adjacent

to Base Edge, pick edge in
image, then Apply
Apply
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z axis
(blue)
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Note that the x direction (red

axis) points between the PM
vertices. Since the polarization
can only act in the x direction,
we want to rotate the
coordinate
di t system
t
so that
th t the
th
x axis points in what is
presently the z direction (blue
axis).
axis)
Training Manual
x axis (red)
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IMPORTANT!
O
Next, set Export Coordinate
System? to Yes
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To accomplish this rotation,

set Transform 1 (RMB) to
Rotate about Y and specify a
-90 rotation. Change the
name of the coordinate
system to PM_polarization.
Now click Generate
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Return to the Project Page GUI.

Double click on Model to
bring up the Mechanical GUI.
Training Manual
** If you already brought up

Mechanical, you will need to
refresh the project to bring
PM_polarization into the
model
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Convenient option
for manipulating
viewing direction
X direction points
radially outward
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Ensure that the PM_polarization

coordinate system has been
successfully imported into Mechanical
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To create a cylindrical coordinate system for the periodic

condition, choose Coordinate Systems in the tree and click on
the new coordinate system icon
icon. Pick the inner cylindrical surface
or the rotor iron as shown, then click Apply.
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The coordinate system will automatically be located at the center

of curvature of the cylindrical surface. Set Type to Cylindrical.
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RMB
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Rename the coordinate system to Cylindrical Periodicity
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Create Periodic Boundary Conditions
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Insert a symmetry condition object. Specify

ap
periodic region
g
symmetry
y
y condition.
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LMB
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For the Periodic Low surfaces, choose the rotor side periodic
surfaces shown. Use Ctrl-LMB to select multiple surfaces.
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LMB
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For the Periodic High surfaces, choose the rotor side periodic
surfaces shown. Use Ctrl-LMB to select multiple surfaces.
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Set Type to Anti-Periodic and Coordinate System to

Cylindrical Periodicity
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Insert another Periodic Region. Repeat the procedure to create

periodic boundaries straddling the stator geometry.
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Module 5
Training Manual
1)
2)
3)
4)
Set Key to Use New SOLID236 Electromagnetic Elements

Load the Magnetic Interface Wizard
Create the Mesh
R
Run
th
the M
Magnetic
ti Interface
I t f
Wizard
Wi d to
t sett up Magnetic
M
ti Interface
I t f
Interpolation in Air Gap enabling motion effects
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Magnetic Interface Wizard to Automate

Set up of ARMINT Feature
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Module 5
Training Manual
RMB on blank line,

choose Add
Add
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Define Variable Name ansys 230x in the variable manager, set

Value to 1, and check the Active box.
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Module 5
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Use Windows Explorer to unzip the contents of magn_int_wizard.zip to

the directory in which your project is being created/saved.
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Bring up the Mechanical Application

Wizard and click on Choose Wizard.
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Browse for wizard.xml.
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Magnetic Interface Wizard Comes up
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RMB in
graphics area
RMB
Set element size on all

surfaces to 0.002 m. Set
behavior to Hard.
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Mesh the model before using the wizard
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Double click
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Choose these 2
short edges
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RMB
Set number of divisions

on 2 short edges along
air gap to 2. Set
behavior to Hard.
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Module 5
Training Manual
Mesh in direction
of motion need
not match
G
Generate
the
h mesh
h
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Interface in air gap
For the ARMINT feature

to work, the mesh normal
t di
to
direction
ti off motion
ti
must match (and does)
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Hide the rotor

bodies to expose
the finer mesh
surface on the
stator side interface
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Module 5
Pick the exposed fine

mesh surface
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Use the wizard to identify the

fine surface mesh on the stator
side
id off the
th interface
i t f
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RMB on the stator

and hide it to expose
the coarse mesh side
of the interface
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RMB in graphics area

and show all bodies
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Reorient the rotor

assembly so that the
interface is facing
g
you.
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Pick the exposed

coarse mesh surface
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coarse surface mesh on the
rotor
t side
id off the
th interface
i t f
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Module 5
Use Ctrl-LMB to pick the

PM and ring (do not pick
the air portions)
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rotor elements
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Enter
E
t St
Step End
E d Time
Ti = 1
second, click Change
Analysis Settings and Insert
Command Objects
Objects
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Module 5
Training Manual
1) surface_fine
2) surface_coarse
3) rotor_elem
Note the
N
h command
d
objects created by
the wizard:
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Note Named Selections

created by the
wizard:
1) ARMI
2) Transient1
3) Transient2
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Set Analysis Options (integration time

step size)
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Click on Analysis Settings

Settings,
enter 2 for Current Step
Number, set Auto Time
Stepping to Off
Stepping
Off , and set
Number Of Substeps to 20.
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Import and Modify PM Material Properties
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Recall we want to
calculate eddy currents in
the permanent magnet
Must add Neodymium PM
material to list of materials
included in project
Must modify Neodymium
PM material to include
electric resistivity
Must assign the modified
Neodymium PM material
to the PM body
Begin by returning to the

Project Page and double
clicking on Engineering
Data
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Engineering
E
i
i
Data contains
materials
available in your
model
The only
y2
material
properties
currently
available in
Engineering Data
are Air and
St
Structural
t
l Steel
St l
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Scroll
S
ll down
d
to
t
Magnetic B-H
Curves
Scroll down to
Neodymium PM
Note only two material
properties for
Neodymium PM are
defined (Coercive Force
and Residual Induction)
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Click on + to
add to
g
g Data
Engineering
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Click on
Engineering Data
Note that
Neodymium
Neodymium PM
PM
has been added
to the contents of
Engineering
g
g Data;;
it is now available
in your model
We still need to add
electrical conductivity
to the PM material so
we can calculate
l l t
induced eddy currents
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Isotropic Resistivity
appears, enter 1.8e-7 -m
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Double click to add

electrical conductivity
to the PM material
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The new PM material property now exists in

your database,
database but Mechanical is not aware of
this. Refresh the project to read new PM data
into Mechanical. DO NOT choose Update
Project! Doing so may initiate the solution
we are not yet ready for this.
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Return to the Mechanical GUI.

Set the Magnet Coordinate
System to PM_polarization
and its Material Assignment
to Neodymium
Neodymium PM
PM
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Set the material assignments to the air

bodies to Air. Use Ctrl-LMB to select
multiple items in tree.
tree
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Ensure all iron bodies have material

assignment set to Structural Steel
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Applying boundary conditions
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Pick the PM body

RMB to produce
drop-down
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Make the PM a Source Conductor
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Set the Source Conductor

T
Type
to
t Solid
S lid
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Pick PM face
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RMB to produce
drop-down
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Assign a Voltage condition to

th PM face
the
f
shown
h
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Note: Mechanical is guiding you to

d fi a source conductor;
define
d t
it
therefore expects either two
voltage conditions or one voltage
condition and an impressed
p
current. But by applying two
voltage conditions on the same
face, the conductor will behave like
a passive conductor with an
electric symmetry plane. Eddy
currents will be induced in the
conductive PM by time varying
fields, current will flow normal to
the VOLT=0 surface.
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Should see two

voltage conditions in
the tree when done
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Repeat the procedure on the

previous slide to apply a second
voltage condition on the same PM
face
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RMB to produce
drop-down
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On to applying flux parallel boundary

conditions; show all bodies
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RMB to produce
drop down
drop-down
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Insert a flux parallel condition object
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Use Ctrl-LMB to choose all 6 of the

outer cylindrical surfaces and the
single inner cylindrical surface
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To most conveniently apply flux parallel boundaries to

the end surfaces, click on the Y axis to obtain the view
shown (the end surfaces are on the top and bottom)
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Hold the left mouse button

down to drag a box containing
the faces at the end at the top
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Then choose object selection to Face

and set the pick mode to Box Select
Use Ctrl-LMB to add the

faces at the end on the
bottom to the selected set
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Then LMB on Magnetostatic and

insert a flux parallel condition on
these selected faces
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Requests post processing results plots

may be done either now or later after
the solution is calculated we will add
them now
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Use Ctrl-LMB to choose all of the outer

PM and rotor back iron, choose Solution
in the tree, and insert a request for net
torque acting on these bodies
RMB to produce
drop-down
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Choose the PM,, choose Solution in the

tree, and insert a request for the
calculated current density in this body
RMB to produce
drop-down
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Insert a request for the Total Magnetic

Flux Density in all bodies
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RMB to produce
drop-down
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Use Ctrl
Ctrl-LMB
LMB to select all the faces at one
end and insert a request for the Total
Magnetic Flux Density at these surfaces
RMB to produce
drop-down
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Edit Command Object Transient2

Transient2 to
add final rotor position in radians at end
of transient simulation
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Add line to define final

rotor position in
radians on node
number nmax1
/2 = 90
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Solve (takes ~2-3 minutes)
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Click here to
solve
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Post Processing
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Set the Wireframe

view mode
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Inspect the PM
eddy currents
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Grid
aligned
Variable length
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Adjust length
Solid
form
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Default vector plots often need to be enhanced for clarity. Click on

the vector g
graphics
p
button to bring
g up
p additional controls.
Adjust grid density

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Appearance of
eddy current
vectors after
adjustments
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Inspect the B field

in bodies
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Inspect the B field

on surfaces
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Click here to
animate (next slide)
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T 30 fframes
Try
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Inspect the rotor

torque
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Inserting User
Defined
Expressions
(available after
solution is
complete)
l t )
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RMB to
insert Joule
Heat
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Next, choose
the PM body
Click on All
Bodies
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Appearance
changes
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Then click
Apply
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Produce contour plot of Joule Heat
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RMB to produce
p
drop down
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Select stator teeth
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RMB to evaluate
stator teeth
forces
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View as
contours
t
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WBv12.1 Emag Tutorial5 Rotating Machine PDF

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EMAG Tutorial 5:

January 24, 2010

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Set up a transient analysis of one half of

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Interface in air gap

January 24, 2010

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Start Workbench and Read in Geometry

January 24, 2010

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Hold down LMB to

January 24, 2010

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The Project Page Loads

Right click on Geometry to

January 24, 2010

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January 24, 2010

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User-Defined Coordinate Systems for PM

One coordinate system will be used to define the direction of

January 24, 2010

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We will need to create 2 coordinate systems

Double click on Geometry

January 24, 2010

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Begin to define coordinate system used to define PM polarization

Right click on Ring to hide this

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Click on the New Plane icon

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Set Type to From Point and

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Pick Not Selected adjacent

January 24, 2010

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Note that the x direction (red

January 24, 2010

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To accomplish this rotation,

Now click Generate

January 24, 2010

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Return to the Project Page GUI.

** If you already brought up

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January 24, 2010

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Ensure that the PM_polarization

January 24, 2010

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To create a cylindrical coordinate system for the periodic

January 24, 2010

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The coordinate system will automatically be located at the center

January 24, 2010

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Rename the coordinate system to Cylindrical Periodicity

January 24, 2010

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Create Periodic Boundary Conditions