IED Object Models

Dr. Alexander Apostolov

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Introduction
IEC 61850 is now an approved
international standard
It allows the development of a new
generation of distributed applications
The successful implementation
requires:
Good understanding of the principles of
the standard (No Ignorance!)
Teamwork
Ambition

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Objects
An object is .. a thing that can be seen and
touched; material thing that occupies space .. .
Webster New World Dictionary of the American Language

In object-oriented design (OOD) an object is an

abstraction of real world entities and functions in a
problem domain.
Problem Domain is the application or process that is
being modeled by Object Oriented representation
(Classes and Objects) power system protection
and control.
Objects are encapsulated that is, they contain
both their code and their data, making them more
easier to maintain

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Classes and Objects

A class is a template for the creation of
objects, the description of one or more
objects with the same definitions for
information and behavior.
An object is defined as an instance of a class
Objects represent information and behavior :
properties (or components, attributes)
Data that describe an object

services (or methods, and events)

Methods are things you can tell the object to do
Events are things the object does

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Class Example

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Class Example

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Class Instance Example

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Classes and Objects

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Substation Communications
Architecture
Substation HMI

Substation Computer

SCADA Master

Router

WAN

Switch

IED

IED

Switch

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IED

IED

IED
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System Communications
Traders
Analysts
Architecture
EMS

EMS

Substation j

SCADA Server
ISD

WAN

Substation
Gateway

Substation i

Substation 1
Switch

Substation 2
IED
IED
IED

IED

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Function Definitions
Functions in the substation are performed by the
protection, control, monitoring and recording
system.
A function can be divided into sub-functions and
functional elements.
The functional elements are the smallest parts of a
function that can exchange data.
These functional elements in IEC 61850 are called
Logical Nodes

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Logical Node Groups

System Logical Nodes LN Group: L
Logical Nodes for protection functions LN Group: P
Logical Nodes for protection related functions LN
Group: R
Logical Nodes for control LN Group: C
Logical nodes for generic references LN Group: G
Logical Nodes for interfacing and archiving LN
Group: I
Logical Nodes for automatic control LN Group: A

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Logical Node Groups

Logical Nodes for metering and
measurement LN Group: M
Logical Nodes for sensors and monitoring
LN Group: S
Logical Nodes for switchgear LN Group: X
Logical Nodes for instrument transformers
LN Group: T
Logical Nodes for power transformers LN
Group: Y
Logical Nodes for further power system
equipment LN Group: Z

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Object Models
Relay Object Models

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Device Functional Hierarchy

IED Functional Hierarchy
Protection
IED

Device
Identity

Overcurrent

Function
Control

Sub-Function
Control

Ground

Definite
time #1

Pickup

Value
Minimum
Maximum
Step

Function

Phase

Inverse
time

Time
delay

Negat.
Seq.

Instant.

Directionality

Function

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IEC 61850 Server Class

IED Functional Hierarchy

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IEC 61850 Server Class

IED Functional Hierarchy

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IEC 61850 Logical Device Class

IED Functional Hierarchy

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IEC 61850 Logical Node Class

IED Functional Hierarchy

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IEC 61850 Data Class

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IED 61850 Logical Nodes

Physical Device - Server
Logical Device
LD1
LLN0

Relay Object Models

MMXU1
Ocp Gnd

PIOC1
PTOC1
PTOC2
RDIR1

Phs

PIOC1
PTOC1
PTOC2
RDIR1
RREC1

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IED 61850 Logical Nodes

IED Functional
Hierarchy

Physical Device
Logical Device
LD1
LLN0
LPHD

External Functional
Group Name
(Overcurrent
Protection function)

Ocp Gnd

PIOC1

Logical
Nodes

PTOC1
PTOC2
RDIR1
Phs

Internal Functional
Group Name
(Phase Overcurrent
Protection sub-function)

PIOC1
PTOC1
PTOC2
RDIR1
RREC1

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Logical Nodes Information

Categories

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Functional Constraints
The property of DataAttribute that shows
its use is a Functional Constraint (FC).
Some more commonly used are:
CO control
SP set point
CF configuration
DC description
SG setting group
MX measurements

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Object Hierarchy
Server

Logical
Device

Logical
Device

Logical
Device

Logical
Node

Logical
Node

Logical
Node

Data

Data

Data

Data
Attribute

Data
Attribute

Data
Attribute

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Nested DataAttributes
DATA
Instance

DataAttr

DataAttr

DAComp

DAComp

DAComp

DAComp

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Nested DataAttributes

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Data path example

MMXU1.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f
MMXU1: instance of LN class MMXU defined in
Part 7-4
A: instantiation of the Composite DATA class WYE
(defined in 7-3)
phsB: value of the current in phase B as a Simple
Common DATA class of type CMV (defined in 7-3 )
cVal: is the complex value of the current in phase
B (of the Common DataAttribute type Vector)
mag: this object represents the magnitude of the
complex value (type AnalogValue - defined in 7-3)
f is a DataAttributeComponent which is of the
basic type FLOATING POINT (defined in 7-2)

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Common data classes for

measurand information
Measured value (MV)
Complex measured value (CMV)
Sampled value (SAV)
WYE
Delta (DEL)
Sequence (SEQ)
Harmonic value (HMV)
Harmonic value for WYE (HWYE)
Harmonic value for Delta (HDEL)

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Metering and Measurement

Logical Nodes
Differential measurements Name: MDIF
Harmonics or interharmonics Name: MHAI
Non phase related harmonics or interharmonics
Name: MHAN
Metering Name: MMTR
Non phase related Measurement Name: MMXN
Measurement Name: MMXU
Sequence & imbalance Name: MSQI
Metering Statistics Name: MSTA

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Measured values attributes in

MMXU
N ame
PPV
PhV
A
W
VAr
VA
TotW
TotVAr
TotVA
TotPF
Hz
PF
Z

Type Description
DEL Phase to phase voltages
WYE Phase to ground voltages
WYE Phase currents
WYE Phase active power (P)
WYE Phase reactive power (Q )
WYE Phase apparent power (S)
MV Total Active Power (Total P)
MV Total Reactive Power (Total Q )
MV Total Apparent Power (Total S)
MV Average Power factor (Total PF)
MV Frequency
WYE Phase power factor
WYE Phase Impedance
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Protection Logical Nodes

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Protection Logical Nodes

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Logical Nodes Data

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Setting Data

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Overcurrent Protection LN
PTOC

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Setting Attributes

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Services

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Distributed Applications
F3
PD1
LD1

PD2
LN1

LD1

LN1

LN2

LN2

LN3

LN3

F1
F2
LN4

LN4

LNn

LNn

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Measuring Functions
Decomposition
Substation
Level

IARC

Bay
Level

MMTR

MMXU

TVTR

TCTR

Process
Level

IHMI

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Multifunctional IED Object

Model
Server
LD1
LD2
LD3
LD4
LD5
LD6

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Multifunctional IED Object

Model
Server
LN1
LN2
LD1
LN3
LN4

LNn

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Multifunctional IED Object

Model
PQM IED
HV

LD1
hv

LN(i)
MMXU1
MMTR1
MMHI1
MSTA1

mv

MMXU2
MMHI2

MV

MSTA2

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Multifunctional IED Object Model

BiTRONICS M871 LLNO
HV

GCTL1

RWRE1

LPHD
RDRE1

DIAG1
RDRE2

Recorder
Controls

GIND1
MMXU1

MMXU1

MMTR1

MMXU2

RSYN1

MHAI1

AMXU1

RSYN2

MSQI1

min MMXU1

RSYN3

RATO1
MMXU2
MMHI2
MSQI2

MV

dmd prs

MMXU3

MMXU2
max MMXU1
MMXU2
AMXU1

RATO2
RATO3

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