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T.`
by
-June; 1966
(First Draft)
0
Prepaied
Contract #PC-82-1917.
U S.OEPARTISENT OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION &WELFARE
NATIONAL INSTIYUTE OF
EDUCATION
MA9
TO THE EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
THIS DOCUMENT
DUCED EXACTLY HAS SEE& REPROAS RECEIGZD FROM
THE PERSON OR
ATING IT POINTSORGANIZATION ORIGINOF VIEW OR OPINIONS
STATED DO NOT
SENT OFFICIAL NECESSARILY 'REPRENATiONAL,INSTITUTE OF
EC/II/CATION POSITION OR POLICY
V
41Marek
O.
* FOREWORD
This.is an intensive course in Chad Arabic designed for
Peace-Corps pe sOnnel: The aim of this basic course is to,'
1
It
About 90 hour
.,
..
-.
emii,Abu Absi
s,
- f
.
14
TEACHER'S INTRODUCTION
4
'The.materials in
The
course consists of t
the active phaEte.
1
piases:
This
numbeetof the,lesson.
For example:
Each lesson
lesson 3.-
nature.
It is very important
I.
Sr
t
.,,,_
-,,;$
.4
O..
STUDENT'S INTRODUCTION'
ff
This text is probably different from ,ony book you haveused, .thus you should expect to use 'it differently.
sinl
of speaking
ts own grammatical.
Don't
ally you wi/l disdover that you have a very-good basis for
aotive"participation in the language.
o
In a language learning
.4,
The
.,
This,
*we: hop ag wiii prove 'useful to those' of you who will be teaching
-z
tea
Good'Luck.
-41i7
.4*
.00
rr.sr I: PRE7OTTTp'
1,.
laeic Consonnnts'and'Iouel4
2,
Long, Joue3.134.
tr
Non -English.Consonn'ts
.
Emphasis
14.
Double Consonants
5.,
6: mplia Pairs
Test'l
7.
8,
9.
10.
Gender
11.
Number
12.
The Dual
/'
.'
14.
Possegsive Suffixes
15.
Test 2
16.
117.
18.
Perbonal Pronounb,
o.
j 9.
...
-/e
20: Interrogation-
,
.
,.
._
...,
of
.:
-,,
:Test-3'
c '1-
-.
s.
0
,
23.
Prepositions
.
Demonstrative, 'Pronouns
26.
Interrogative Pronouns
27.
Relativt Pronouns
28,E
Test 4
40
29.
3q.
31.
32.
33.
34.
legation of Verbs
45_
oo
e"-
35.
'36.
37.
404
-.
42.
Li
Quadri31teral Verbs
4h.
f!.hamza" Verbs
Test 5
145.
h6.
47.
48.
0.
.4"
,
fb
P..
49.
50.
51.
Verbs in Series
Test 6
52., Conjunctions'
.,
53.
Cafdinal Numbers I
54.,Cardknal Numbers II
55.
Ordinal Numbers
.
56.
57.
Telling Time
58.
59.
Directiona
60.
Greetings
Test 7
Rotes
1.
'
-1--
p-al
tq English consonant
b as in big
as in day
f as in fan
,g.as in zp
h as in liow
j as'in lourp4y
ti
k.aa\in king
1 as in let
m as inneat
n. as
s as in send
,s as in shop
t as in tea
t
w as, in way
y.as in /et
z as in ,zip
i, e, a,
4
i as in bit
e
as, in
,'
bet
a as in 'banatia, but
:) as in going
J.
u as id- pull
instructor
-2-
masa
'he went'
seine'
'good'
bes
'only'
gulta
'I said'
[/fihima
'he Understood'
jibna
'cheese'
dakar
'male'
zama:n,
wled
'time'
-
'boy'
gayli
'afternoon.'
.a
J. Cr
Long Vowels
P-S2.
Chad Arabic.
-.
,
.
i: as in beat, feet
e: as in naivete
a:.ag in'fanc father.
or as in. hole
u; as in pool
4
$2.
.'.people'
disk
'rooster'_
yo:m
'day'
le :1 t.
'nigh-ft
fi:/
'elephant'
su:k
'market'.
fo:-g
'up, above'
be :t
thotiset
hurt
'fish'
sa:y
'teal
P-53.
Non-En&lish .Consonants
G3.
?.
.,
x
.....
xo:f
'fear'
mux ,
'brain'
.1
..
,,x,aza:1
:rajul
Ide4e"
'man'
..,
mara
!woman'
sadar
',trees'
su?
,equestionl
'hand'
ba?d'
'after'.
V
? Elio
HI,
+5Emphasis
4
(14.
---,
'door'
dahir
'back'
duhur
'noon'
mare
'woman'
tra:b
'soil'
da:r
'house'
4.
di
r -
1.3
O
.3)
-6P-S5.
tf
Double Consonants
G5.
-E5.
'once
ab
barra
'outside'
dukka:n
4
b-neyya
'girl'
sitte,
'six'
?abbn
'father (dad)'
t4
saxayyar
tujja:r
'Zsmall'
Imerchant4
?alla
swiyya,
'a little'
!we
4
O
P-s6;
G6.
,Minimal Pairs
only.
In English yet and 2212, pen and 2112, bit and beat are
t
A
TP
E6.
mara
no:m
marra
ma:si
masi
na:m
barr
E .lab
gallab
barad
barrad
sa:Par
saY'ar
r.
.
4
*is
r'r
,
fl
a.
15
"
43TEST 1.
masa
muss
lhes
ba:b
no:m
dukka:n
13&:r
su?a:1
gallab
mara
fihima
ana-
le:l.
xo:f
sadar
sa:y
abba
t.
ba?d-
-1
e...'
marra
CY
ni
P -S7.
G7.
and "moon"consonants.,
These
They are:
te:r
'bird'
da:r
'house'
sallta
'salad'
sadar
'trees'
jamal
'camel'
zama:n
'time'
rajul
'man'
laham
na:r
'fire'
of the mouth.
m, f, k, g, x, h,
itlothor,
balad
'country'
mufta:h
'key''
farwa
'leather'
kalib
Ir
galam
'pen'
x'anam
'ewe'
huma:r
,donk
wled.
'boy'
yo : m
'day'
It-
17
-10-
word "sun."
with "moon".
time.
tra:b
'soil'
dam
'blood'
laxu
'brother'
sa :bum
'soap'
bitte:x
'watermelon'
markaba'
'boat'
fair
'mouse'
sawwa:fa
"mirror'
jamba:4'
kabis
'fishing rod'.
.galb
',heart'
ziri
'grain field'
xari:f
hille
'autumn'
.ruMa:d
'ashes'
ram
'village'
'valley'
wa:di,
yarda
'yard'
18
Nr.
-11-
Ga.'
To make those
'0
te:r
This
fi
words
0.4
-12-
P-S9.
G9.
.0
.uiplu.sdjective
'
cribe them.
t.e:t saxayyar
?arrajul ?attawi:l
jamal ba:til
?albalad,?alwesi:
.
?almuftaah ?attagi:l
kelib Tabyet
?assawwa:fa ?annadi:f.
"the clea
kabis sami:n
mirror"
1lgalam ?algisayyar
"the short pencil",.
r
pj
4V
-13 -..
''e
,
Gender
,13-S10.'
r"
G10.
-t
1.
. ?abbe kari:m
?um katima
'a generons.mother"
wled kabi:r
t
,
.
?albneyya ?alkabi:ra
mare semha
rajdl seine
4.4
?al?axu ?attawi:l
?uxt-tawi:la
'a tall-sster!..%
21
u
4
-14-*
P -S11.
G11.
Number
The*pluraf,-Tt,
Ell:
Following,,is a list of
plural forms:
-.04
'Plural
te:r
be:t
'houte'
sadra:y
itr+
jamal
,.'camel!
rajul'
mano
tuyu:r
buyu:t
ptilAaadak
A1.
jumati
ruja:1 4
?dm
'mother'
?ummahatt
?abba'
'fatiter'
?abbah
sawvtatfa
'mirror'
yarda
lyar
yards t`
dukkaLn
'Echo
daka:kitn
dakar
'mal
dukutr
galb
'he
yottn'
'day
?ayiattn
wled
'boy
?awlatd4_
gulu:b
4
4/
to
.ass
-15a
The Dual
P-S12.
G12.
ruleTIDAnuNin general,
'
E12.
Recognize
0-
Dual
tear
'bird'
te:re:n
be:t
'house"
be:te:n,
bneyya
'girl;
bneYte :n
?i:d
'hand'
?i:de:n
.--
galb
wled
'heart'
wledein
Marrate:n
r
jamale:n
''boy'
'
marra
'once'
,
3amal
'camel'
yarda.
'yard'
huma :2:
'donkey'
23
glIbe:n
.1.,
yardate:n
huma:re:n
...-
/1
-13r
P-S13,
.G13.
plus
Try
to transcribe them and recognize the plural vs. the singular
forms 3,zcthe adjectives.
tear kabi:r
te:rem. kuba:r
tuyu:r kuba:r
'big birds'
bizyu:1- wusa?
or
'spacious houses'
ruja:1 tuwa:l
'tall man'
huma:re:n suma:n
kula:b ba:tili:n
'thin dogs'.
mufta:he:n tugall,
1'
?alylede:n ?alkuba:r
ral?ayya:m ?attuwa:l
O
Possessive Suffixes
G14.
The Pi,o-
- ak
- ki
-ha
'het"
- na
our
-kum
(plurtk1)1
-hum
'
'their (nasculine)
/their
(feminine)/
-hinna
%
Your instructor will give you a list of nouns with
Listen to the words-read and identify
possessive.suffixes.
E14.
my
kita:bhum
'their (masculine)
4)
,,
IP
,:,
Possessed Nouns plus Adjective
.........--4.
,
P-S15.,
....
5,.
-...
. ..-'" ,.4
Possessed nouns (i.e. 'noun& witH.pbaiessive.auffixsii.
G15.
a ..._
.,--"
"
,.
....;
s,
a.
o.
e.g.
'
kita:bi /alkabi:v .,
jamala ?assaXayyar
'my,
be:tha ?al?abyet',
.g boOk4
,.
,.
-:
E15.
26
rR
r
-19-
TEST 2 .
r
,
Transcribe
This*te!st
mara semha
rajtl kaii:m
?albneyya ?alkari:ma
be:te:n, kuba:r
?attuyu:r ?assuxa:r
kula:b ba:tili:n
huma:re:n suma:n
mufta:hi ?attagiil
wledkum ?assaxayyar
?axtina ?a/kari:ma
4"
27
P-S 16
G 16.
Vo cab-
28.
P -S 17
To be" Seintenceq
_
G 17.
Chad Arabic.
tive
Noun
Adjec-
?atte:r kabi:r
?alwled leko:l.
?albneyya kabi:ra
E 17.
?alwled kabi:r
wled kabi:r
which are "to be" sentences and some of which are noun phrase's.
pp
ti
ti
429
.
-22-
,
.'
1,-.S 18
G.:18
PerscAal Pronouns
Ryoiklmabouline)0
?intt
you (feminine)"
hut
"he".
his
"she'"
?ani:na
uwe"
?intu
human
mtheys(masculine)"
-6
hinna
"they (feminine)"-
E 18.
?ana wled
"1 am a boy"
"She-is big"
30
-2391
P-S 19"
:G'19.
"not"
E 19.
"positive" or "negative".
0,
6
4
31
-24*.
P -S.20
0 20 Questions are formed out of "to be" sentences by adding 'the in..
terrogative particle walla
"or"
e.g.
?altded kagitr
S 20
"Am I generous?"
Your instructor will give you a number of "to be" sentences which
.0
32
cJ
-25-
P-S 21
G 21-
The
(see P-S
e.g.
E 21
You are
;,
33
-26-
P-S 22
The past tense of the verb "to be", unlike the present, is
G 22.
implicitly expressed.
?alwled zammlikarim
While "zarnm n" is pot inflected, "ka n" changes in form according
E 22".
This exercise contains "to be" sentences which are either present
or past.
34
.27.
a
Test 3
isten to ,,the following phrases and sentences read by your instructor.
?alkita:b kabi
?albneyya semha
?ana vied
10.
hi: mara
hu: ma: kari :m
f.
....-
tr.
35
-28-.
.)
P-S 23
prepositions,
,
G 23.
"in"
"from"
*rain
4"to"
let
mei
E 23.
"with"
fotg
"above, up"
tihit.
Itunder"
?usut
jamb
"beside"
te
English'
/
36
.29.
it
P-S' 24
-
4) 24.
In
E. 24.
Suffixes.
Try to gi 've
sing.
EL%
fi tna
2nd
fi:k
fi tkum
fi:ki
fiskum
" (M)
3rd
"
fi:
ft:hum'
3rd
" (f)
filhi it ft :ha
fithinna
40
.
.
sing.
m nni
2nd
" (m)
minnak
2nd
" (f)
minnik
4.
at.
minnina
minnukum
mpniki
minnukum
'V
3rd
0 (m)
minhu
4.
minnum
minhinns'
37
e.
dm,
le ma
2nd.
".(m) leik
1e:kum
2nd.
le :kuin
le :hum / le trn
le Minna
le :m
1st. per.
21.2a
ma?i
ma?a :y
ma?ana
2nd.
(m) ma?ak
ma?a:kum
2nd.
ma?aslcun -
(m) ma?ahu
ma?a :hum
(f) ma?ahi
ma?a :hum
.3rd.
3rd.
11
11
fo :g + possessive suffixes
1st. per.
2nd.
sing.
fo rgi:
fo:gna
fo :Odin
fo rikum
(m) roma.
fo :ghum
fo :ghum
3rd.
tihitna
2nd.
(m) tfhtak
-tihitkmm
2nd.
aqtihtik
tihitkum
3rd.
(m) tihta
tihtthum
3rd.
tihithum
lst. per.
r's
0.*
Am*
let. per.
,2nd.
"
(In)
?usti
?usithia
'histak
?usutkum
3rd;
"
?usutkunt
(In) ?usta
(f) ?usta
?usuthum
?usuthum
1.4
"
1st. per.
Jambi
jambina,
2nd.
v (m) jamb*
jambakuni
.2nd.
jambakum
3rd.
jarnliahura
3rd.
Ala
39
4
P-S 25
Demonstrative Pronouns,
,
G 25.
The usage
of this and these to denote something here -as opposed to that and those
a
(mas.)
this (fem.)
dat
die-
,(mas.)
dark
6:1a:k
(fem. )
disk,
de rla:k
alt
1 25.
do :1
; de:.
,translation.
44
.4
40
-33-
P-S 26
G 26.
Interrogative Pronouns
sums
"what"
ya:tu
who, whom"
we:n
"where"
mats.
"when"
c
.we:n /we:nu
'which"
ke:f "kike:f
"how"
,
,
2 26.
116
-.
.ti
te
P-S 27
27. There is,only one relative pronoun in Chad *rabic which corresponds
to the English who, that.which.
?alkursi ?al?ahmar
?Arrajul ?alja:
Notice that both the definite article and the relative pronoun
have the same form
E 27.
?al.
in English.
rt
42
-351,
P-S 28
G 28.
_form phrases like "?alkita:b hana ?alwled" which means "The book of the
ri my. This has the same meaning as ukita:b ?alwled."
EL.
1st per.
hanary
hanama
han'a:k
hana:kum
(f)
hana:kt
hana:kum
(r1m)
hana :w
(f)
hana:hi
'2nd
If
3rd
3rd
E 28.
It
hanathu
hana:hUm / hana:human
hana:hum / hana:human
aning in Eng.
43
Test
Listen to the following phrases and sentences, then give their
meaning in English.
fir be:ii
tihit ?Shadarary
?arrajul da: kabi:r
-37P-S 29
G 29.
from
E 29.
verbs.
sirib
darab
katab-
fihim
ragad
daxal
libis
marag
dihik
zagal
"he drank"
"tie hit"
"he wrote"
"he understood"
"he slept"
"he entered"
"he wore"
"he passed"
"he laughed"
"he threw"
/-4
14
P-S 30
0 30.
markers to thelierb.
-t
flit
s aret
The subject s
-ta
"I"
you (mas)"--
you (fem)"
"he"
"she".
"we"
you (p1.4)"
"they"
Aribta
" drank"
you (mas) drank"
"you (rem) drank"
*rib
quatdranlet
"she drank"
"We drank"
"you (p1.) drank"
they drank"
.si.ribna
*ribtu
katab_
fihim
dihik
daxal
raged
46
N
P-S 31
0 31.
both enses For C-0-0 verbs the pattern is .t0V0 for singular sub-'
jeots and -CVCC- for plural subjects.
Alb
E 31.
47
P.S 32
V4
G 32/ In the present tense the number, person and gender* of the subject-Ib indicated by a set of affixes.
'
stem of the verb indicate the person, while the u suffix indicates plu-
#tidity.
et
sing.
1st. per.
2nd. " (
3rd.
3rd.
nV,..
yVyV -u
(m) Y11-
"
"
ti
tV
(f),tV.
The symbol V refers to any vowel which may, occur with the prefix.
The vowel is different with different verbs.
dk
nasrab.
V'
tasrab
"I drink"
0
"you (mas):Arink"
teigabi
)
yasrab
"he drinks"
tasrab
"she drinks"
naysarbu
E 32.
tasarbu
"yo (01)51rine
yasarbu
they drink"
subject affixes.
k-t-b
f-hm
d-h-k
d-x-1
r-g-d
48
P-S 33
Imperatives of C-C-CVerbs
If
0 33.
Thesuffis..
?asrab
"drink (mas)"
?asarbi
"drink (fem)"
"drink (plural)",
?asV arbu
E 33.
fihim
ragad
libis
dihik
marag -
IIP
PS 314
Negation of Verbs
G A. .To negate 'a verb in any tense all you have to do is add the
4
negation particle.mat
in front of it.
e.g.
ma: tadhak
"don't laugh"
ma: na:kul
E 31..
gnglish translation.,
4
c
a
P-S 35
G 35.
some
The W stands
These
pattern.
Thus /4-j:d1 and A-1.:4/ have the past forms /wajad/ and /wilid/.
E 35.
'I
wasal
"he arrived"
wilid
waged
a.
51
P-S 36
G 36.
.4.1GVC...
Present
Imperative
nawsal
?awsal
tawsal
?awsali
0.*
?awsalu
yaws al
tawsal
nawsalu
tawsalu
E 36.
"give birth"
"light a fire"
"find"
1
52
I
I.
M.
P-S 31
G 37.
4.w..1./
"say" and
/e-or-r//"walk.
If the weak
Es
Thus, after
suffixing the Subject markers, we get forms like /gulna, "we said
"he walked"
"they.said"
t
E 37.
"he said'(
sa:r
"he walked"
tam
"he flew"
sa:1
53
-46-
P-S 38.
G 38.
in the present is
and -Ci:C-
Imperative
0
nagu:l
gu:1
tagu:l
tagu:li
11;i1.11
Ar
yagu:
tagu:1'
/,
,-
nagu:lu
tagu:lu
yaguriu
',Present
Imperative.
n$4.114r
sitr
tisi:r
si:ri
tisi:ri
si:ru
yisi:r
tisi:r
nisi:ru
tisi:ru
yisi:ru
-.000.
P-.5' 39
G-30. Verbs Iof tle class C-C4W usually take ttie form CVCV- in t
"he' found"
mase:t
ligi:t
mase:t
ligi:t,
maze rti
ligi:ti
masva
/igiya/liga
maYat
ligiyat
mt&:na
ligi :na
mae:tu
ligiitu
-ligyu / ligu
1118.811
3 39.
LitIen-to-40he_conugation
past tense.
of
bada
"he-began"
sara
"he bought"
rama
he threWP
gara
"he read"'
'44
P.S 40
9 40.
is ..CCV...
of the vowel.
s,
/mesa/
v
Present
''/Iigiyil./
namsitamia
..,t
nalga."-'taiga,
tarok
taiga-,
yam&
yalga
am:4
taiga
tV
namau
nalgu
v
-
t EIVISU
talgu
I
yalgu
yamsu
Zj
mp
ative,
?alga
?im.e;i
.
?amsi
?algi
?arm
?algu.
.,
sera
"he bought"
rama
"he threw
\;
447
56
It
749
aria final consonants are identical. :rhe past tense form of these
inserted. With
suffix:
e.g.
Ah-d-07ft'subject suffixes.
maddert
"I extended"
madde :t
I'
madde :ti
smadda
"he extended"
maddat
"she extended"
madde:na
"we ,extended"
madde:tu
"you extended"
maddu
"they extended"
habba
"he loved"
dagga
"he
klked"
4.
N
4
57-,
PS 42
always .411102C2
Imperative
midda
timidda
'timiddi
middi
ss
middu
1
yimidda,
timidda
nimiddu
.timiddu
yimiddu
E 42
Give the
limma
"gat
sidda
"block,
dugga
"knock"
lose"
.1>
-52-
1).6 44
G 44.
consonants.
.,
ina
?akepli.
eat ".
E ,44.
Past
?akalt
Present
?akalta
na:kul
ta:kul
?akalti
ta:kuli
?akal'
?akaiat
,ta:kul
?akalna
Ala:kulu
Takaltu
ta:kulu
?akalu
ya:kulu
Imperative
?a:kul
?a:kuli,
?a:kulu
59
Cto
-53-
Present
Past
'sa?alt
nas?al.
sa?alta
tas?al
sa?alti
tas?ali
-sa?al
yas?al
sa?alat
etas ? al
,-sa?alna
nas?alu
sa?altu
tas?alu
sa?alu
yasialu
Imperative
?as?al
.
1:4).
?as?a1i
?as?alu
Present
bade:t
nabda
bade:ta
tabda
:badeti
tabdi
bada,
yabda
badlt,
tabda
.bade:na
nabdu
tade:tu%
tabdu
badu
yabdu
Imperative
?abda
?abdi
?abdu
GO
54
:rest 5
?ani:na nagu:lu.
hu: masa.
humaA yiti:ru.
?alwled.?akal.
.?albneyya tas?eil
'? ani:na nasrabu
!
' ?anta"bade:ta.
?as?al.
,kassiru.
.61
-55P-S 4.5
,
G 45.
ba?d ?amba:kir
"dayafter tomorrow"
subu: ?alja:y
"next week"
sanalja:y
"next year"
but when used With a verb it gives the idea of progressiveness or continuity.
nabVrab/
is translated
feminine.
expressions.
?amis
"yesterday"
?awwal ?athis
subu: ?alfa:t
"last week"
62
-56
sanalfa:t
"last yearn
4
E 45.
meaning in English.
.1
63.
-57:-
P-S 46.
G 46.
English.
41i=
?indi
"I have"
?indak
?indik
?inda
"he has"
? 1 LIU
"she hasp
?indina
"we have"
?indurum
?indum
"they have"
(see.P.6
lk
E 46.
*W.
64
-58-
P-S 47
G 47.
or "is doing".
e.g. /ka:tib/.
E 47.
meanings.
are derived-.
ka:tib
"writei."
sari
"buyer"
.ga:ri
"reader".
?a:rif
nagna:g
la:bis
ma:si
,fa:tih
.kadda:b
"liar"
65
ft
-59-
P-S 48
"done".
For instance,
participles
The passive
E 48:
meanings
forms ar
derived.
makut:b
"written, a letter"
mukassar
maksu:r
"brokeniC
meru:f
"known"
mawju:d
"found, existing"
masdu:d
"blocked"
maftu:h
"open" ?
muaabbas
"'circled, doatedo
murabbat
"4-pdp'entangled"
marbu:t
"tied"
66
-6o-
4,0
49; -
These
earlier (see P-S 14). pllowing are the direct object- pro-+'
noun suffixes:
-ni
"me"
"you'(mas)"
- ki
"you (fell&
-u
"him"
-a/ -ha
"trier ""
- na
"us"
-kum
"you (plr
-um/ -hum
"them"-
.('
E 49.
4
0
In English.
O
0
cO
67
-61-
P=S 50
G 5Q.
-ley
-le:k
-le:ki
-le:hu
-le:hi
-le:na
AS
af.
E 50.
-le Ocum
40
-lum'
es.
68
at
P-S 51
G 51.
Verbs In Series
If two verbs
In
4.
e.g.
V./
ja:
v
ja: sa:fni
ytido:ra yunu:m
xalli:na namsu
"lq us go"
Vd
E51.GivetheproperEnglishAranslationof.the following
sent6a-es:
41.
e.
6-9
L.
);
-63-
Test 6
Give the
meanpg in English.
?ana nam'Si ?amba:kir.
?indak kitaib..
?indum wled walla?
hu: ka:tib.
hu ma kaddia:b.
xalli:na na:kulu.
O.
humana:fo:ni.
'et
#
.
70
-64-
P-s 52
.G 52.
Conjunctions
ti
Following are
"and"
walla
"or"
wala
"nor"
wala---wala
"neither---nor"
la:kin, wala:kin
"but",
consonants.
n
E 52.
ions.
SP
.4
';
wf
P-S 53
G 53.
Cardinal Nutbers.I
The numbers "one" and "two" distinguish betweeh the
"one (mas)"
wande
tine:n
"two (mas)"
titte:n
"two (fem)"
'E 53:
(1-10)
wa:hid
li
?'one"
tine:n
tala:ta
?arba
xamsa'
sitte
"six'
sab?a
"!seven"
tama:nya
"eight"
tts?a
"nine"
?asara
"ten"
-66,
Cardinal Numbers II
G 54.
Chad Arabt4
followed:by" the word for "One"; "two", "three" etc. 'to form the'
number required.
tine :n
?ash.
?asara xamsa
V
a ?sar/
added to ten.
E 54.
>.
wihda?aar
"eleven"
?itnaSar
"twelve"
talitta?sar
"thirteen"
?arbatafgar-
"fourteen"
xamista?gar
"fifteen"
pitta?sar
"sixteen"
sabata2sar
"seventeen"
4'
timarita?sar
"eighteen"
tl.sata?Var'
"nineteen",
Ori:n
"twenty",,
"thirty"
?arba?i:n
"forty"
xamsirn
"fifty"
sitti:n
"sixty"
sab ?i :n
"seventy"
tama:ni:n
"eighty"
tis?i:n
"ninety"
"one hundred"
,
mite :n
"two hundred"
?alf
"olio thousand"
.?alfe:n
"two thousand"
milyo :n
"one million
milyo:ne:n
41
74
4-
-68-
P-S 55
Ordinal lumbers
"first"
.
ta:ni
"second"
ta:lit
"third"
ra:bi
"fourth"
xa:mis
"fifth"
sa:dis
"sixth"
si:bi
"seventh"
ta:min
"eighth"
ta:si
"nionth".
?a sir
"tenth"
75
Listen,
-69-
P-S 56
G 56.
"one half"'
tilt
one third"
rube
"one fourth"
E 56.
lish translation.
7 G.
P-S 57.
G 57.
Telling Time
The answer is /sa: ?a /. The blank being filled with the proper
time.
sa:?a ?arba
"4:00 o'clock"
sa?a ?aY3ara
"10:00 o'clock"
After the hour the *minutes are given., fita.7 is used before
the ntitaber of minutes "past" the hour and / ?illa/ before the number
e.g.
?arba wa ?asara
"4:10"
/nussig,'
"4:40"
e.g.
sa?a wa Aid
"1:15"
"3:30"
.17
A
iP
-71-
P-S 58
G 58.
The dual form is used with join of these words, and the plural
is used with one of them.
/7a
kitluf"tenkilograms"..
gram
ngram"
kisli
to:n
yarda
"yard"
yrdate:y1
"two yards".
yerda:t
"yards"
sentimitr-
"centimeter"
mitr
kilumitr
litr
"liter"
1111
E 58.
measurement.
/
_31
P.S 59
:\ () 59.
Directions
It Chad Arabic one cannot express the ideas of north,
etc. as in English.
east and west respectively are: /saba:h/ "morning" and /xa :rib/
4,
xa:rib
"west"
?i:dak atlisra :y
t! t6 your left"
fo:g
"above 2 up"
0
tihit
"below, dowiL"
A
gudda mak
-"before you"
.
wax'a:k.
"behind you"
gari :b
,near"
te ?i :d
"far"
(
E 59.. Listen to the folloft4ing sentences gifting directions.
Translate into'English.
7
P..5 60
60.
Greetings,
ings,.
salanualetk
"masculine singular"
sala:malerki
"feminine singular"
sala:male:kum
'"plural?
.taybi:n
?atfya
"good health"
ke:fak
ke:f ha:lak
"masculine singular"
ke
ke:f ha tlik
"feminine singular"
"plural"
"welcome"
ma?a salarMart
"good bye"
(literally, "with safety").
an
"thank you"
E 60.
text.
4'
80
-714-
Test T
.1
v)
xamsa watala:ti:n
u miyya
sitte ruja:1
Huss sa:?a
sa?a ?arba wa nuss.
?isri:n graym
ma?a sala:mak
81
NOTES
*P-S1.
re
of the tongue-As closer to the teeth when.the Arab* /t/and /d/ are
w
pronounced.
P-S3.
The
0
Arabic /r/ is either,"flapped" or "trilled" and sounds very much like the
Spanish /r/.
P-S5.
"'ouble consonants.
4..
the language.
"umbrella" in a funny way because they think there should bea 1c6ble
consonantsin these words as indicated by. the spelling.
/
/-
!/
P-S7.
`7.
by, giving a phonemic, chart of Chad Arabic sounds According to their pointi
82
e
n
1,)
1
a
1
a
1
p'
a,
1
a
e
1
a
1
o
1
a
g
1
o`
a'
t'
t
a
a
1
,stops
t
d
sexh
s
fricatives
z
ri
semi-vowels
4111P
P-S 8.
resonants
yf
P-S 10.
add a/t/ before the possessive suffix. e.g. /mare/ Ilipmanl, but /marti/
'my wife',
.
P-S It .
777
For
instance,'The suffix /-i/ 'my' may appear as /-y/ or /-yi/Yafter a vowel.'your (fem)' may ippear as /-ik/, / -ha/ !her' may
appear as /-hi/,
''
appear as / -um /.
4
4
.....'.
P-S 17. ,Arab students usually have difficulty in expressing
the'verb "to be
,
it
lo
`S.
-77-
P-S 20.
Questions to which the answer/is "yes" or "no" Can also have the
r
,P-S 22.
'I was'
kunte
P-S b3.
//1/unti
//
it
ka:n
!he was'
ka:nat
'she was!
kunna
'we were'
kuntu/kuntum
ka:nu
'they were' :
Arabic, but it seems to be less common in Chad Arabic. ,To double the
medial consonant of triliteral roots is -to intensify the action or make
it passive. e.g.
'he broke'
!he smashed'
kasar
kassar
.barad
barred
rr7
p-S.16., The verb have is expected to ppse a learning problem for Arab
students learning English.
P-S 59.
"
and /?1:dak al?isra:y/ Iyour'leit hand'. When talking toa.woman you should
c
ti
A
-%,
Each lesson
Learning a language
is a unique activity.
and producing
new habits.
sequence to be ,followed
....
-,
F.
Hence, adults
2"t
The important
Speaking
a, language involves knowing the units. which are sounds, forms and
wards;
of the language.
0 dialogue
b) vocabulary
c) grammatical explanations
d) exercises
Genevally speaking, the function-of ttip dialogue is to serve
4'.
ti
s'
CONt;NTS
Phase II:
Active ProdUction
1.
PhcnOlo
21
The-D
3.
Gender
4.
Number
5.
Possessive Suffixes
6.
7.
8.
Personal Pronouns
(P-S 1-:6)
Hite Article
(P-S 7-9)
P-S.2.0)
-S 11-13)
(p-S' 14, 15)
(P-S.17)-
(P-S 18)
..,
,
21)4.
(::.
12;
<
(P-S A)
14.
Interroetive:PtonOunS '(P-S'26)
15.
16.
ip
Past Tense
ubjeet jgtffi.X6/3
irtent Tpnpe
(P S. 30)
_40 0.-01yerbs
('P
Negation ot
-t
<
24.
(P-.S 36).
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Quariliteral Verbs
(P-S 43)
32.
/hamza/ Verbs (M
44)
33.
Adverbs
34.
35.
(P-S 37)
t
(P-S 39)
(P-S40)
(P-S 42)
//
U
(15.rS'45
(P -S :46)
(P-S 38)
(P -S. 47,48)
36.:Conjuncti'ons
(P-S 52)
39.
'Cardinal NuMbers
40.
4IP
(1'.-S 55,
.
44
are based.
iv
.4
DIALOGUE CONTENTS
Dialogues
,Lessons
A 1 - 4
= Greetings
4 5 - 8
Directions.,
A 9 - 11
New ,Ar#ival.
A 12 - 16
TheFamily
%t. 4'
A-17 - 21
Getting Around
A 22 - 2
Telling Time
1
Holidays
.410A 25 - 27
A 28
A 29
c
The Carpenter
,The Doctor
A 30 - 34'
The Market
..
: Departure
A 3j - 37
..
f.
...
,4- 38 , .9
A,40
/:
The Weather'
The Movies
a
e
4
4
r
ir
PhonoiF
Al.
salarmale:k muhammet.
ftildetb Mohammad."
B.
k,
A.
IC
!I
Good bye."
B.,,ma?a sala:mak.
"Good bye."
II.
Vocabulary
hamduiilla:h-Thank God.
.
?inta-You,(masculine singular).
gs
kel-f-How?,
Literally:
kulIumi-All of them.
'kwaysi:n7Fine *(plurai)".
-
kwaYyis-Fine (Singular).
ma?asalanmsi:665411k%masSuline singular
.
'with safety.
na:s-People
na:s be:tak4amily.
sala:male:kHello;
=
0,
wa-and.
to
4."
N.,
Grammar
A number of Chad Arabic consonant sounds are similar
A.
are: ,h,d,f,g,h,j,k,4m,n,s,s,t,w,y,z/..
The following Chad Arabic consonant sounds have'no
B.
,4
counterparts in .English:
Afi
r.
C.
tt in "bottle"
D.
E.
/i/
F.
beside each other in Chad Arabia. .Therefore, /i/ and /du/ occur-C6A ,
'
-t
IV. Exercises
it
(a
A.
be:t
jibna
?i:d
duiddin
ba:d
dakar
batb
bneyya
.
.xaza:1
Tiara
,rajul
le :1.
na:s
u?a:1
Radar
da:r
k
yball
:y
teacher.
Igo
I
naLm
1141,171
.
mara
'
mass
00
I mar
xa:11:
xaat
xassala
hassala
sida
si:la
gu:3.
?akul
?a:kul,.
ba:til
tl
be:d
be :t
In this exercise we will take words and phrases from the dia.
salamaleik muhammet
?ali
hawwa
P.
muhammet,
fa:tima
muhamet wa fa:tima
?ali
muhammet wa
2.
muhammet
hawwa
fatima wa hawwa
?ali
3.
wa ?inta ke:fak?
Ated,ha:14
?inti
kedip
?intu
ke:f ha:lkum
?inter
?intik
c-,
I.
be:t.
?inta
?intum
7')
?inta
?intum
5.
hum,
fa:tima
?inta
2inti
?intum
fa:tima wa ?ali
D.
substitutions in speakers:
o
1.
A. ?ali
B. 'fa:tima
2.
A. hawwa
B.
muhammet
I
The Definite Article
A2,
I.
Dialogue:
Greetings
.
A.
taybi:n.
"Hello."
a.
cf
A.
B.
.F
taybium ftmare'
"Hello Omar."
salauMale:k.
ke:f jildak?
"How are You?"
hamdulillaih, wa ?inta?
P.'
kullum kwaysi*:11.
S.
A.
B.
sallimum ley.
"Greet them,for me."
?insal?alla:h.
"I will.----
I/.
Vodabulary:
?in'sa:?alla:h- I will.
0,
Literally.
,
,_
-,--- ,,,
NN
4. '
96
-7-
Grammar:
III.
A..
d,
1, anderp/.
B,
?atte:r-
.F ?al
but
?alkelb.,
kelb
C.
ti
e.
coming year."
An adjective podifiing a definite noun, must take the
definite dfttae.
rIC
IV.
Exercises:
A. listen to ffte following words 'and phrases in the indefinite
form.
e. g.
teacher
kelp b
kelb kabi:r
.Studentrs-Response
?alkelb'
?alkelb alkabi:r
,
t-8-
"trees"
"camel"
"big country"
"long day"
"meat"
sadar
jamal
balad kabi
yo:m twit
laham
na:r
te:r s
huma:r
small bird"
"donkey"
"valley"
vyar
wa: di
galb
substi
in 't
phrase.
?alkelb ?alkabi:r
huma:r
ba:til
samt:n
jamal
"donkey"
"thin"
"fat"
"camel"
"long, tall"
"pen pencil"
"man"
"good"
"big"
"ram"
"country"
"house"
"red"
?
"bird"
"small"
"white"
taws :1
galakt,
rajul
same
kabi :r
balad
be:t
?ahmar
te:r
saxayyar
?abyet
C.
substitutions in speakers:
2.
A,
A. fa:tima
B. ?all.
2.
A. '?ahmet
,
B. haww.a.
3.
A. ?ali
%
98
9
A
I.
3.
Gender
Dialogtie:
A.
Greetings`
sala:male:k.
saia:malerk.
A.
A.
sukran. ',Ita?a'salasmak.
"Thankyou.
Good bye."
ma?a sala:mak.
"Good-bye."
'
II.. idcabulatry:
....
min From
of
.
(
....
?usmi- My name.
ya:tu- What.
i.
4
III.
Grammar:
A.
and femininl.
B.
4
*
which modify animate nouns. e. g. /rajul seme/ "a good man", but
/marts 'semha/ "a good woman".
"It
C. Many adjectives have ,the same form for the masculine and
the feminine,
denoting color.
?abyet
"white"
"black"
"red"
"blue"
"green"
"yellow"
?wad
?ahmar
?azrag
?axdar
?asfar,
D.
orm. e. g.
masculine
kabia.
feminine
tawi:1
samirn
targa:n
?amya:n
saxayyar
"big"
"generous"
"long, tall"
"fat"
"deaf"
"blind"
"small"
gisayykr
"short"
kariG
seme
kabi:ra
karima
tawi:la
sami:na
targa:na
?amya:na.
saxajyara
or
saxayra
gisayyara
or
gisayra'
"good"
semha
11
.IV.
Exercises:
Substitution drill: make the following substitutions and
A.
bneyya
saxayra
rajul
kari:m
mara
7017a
"girl"
kelb
"dog (mas.)
"man"
" wom an "
ba ;til
kelba
sami:na
kabig
"dog ,(fem. )
"ram"
?ahmar
xanama :y
"ewe"
?abyet
?amya:na
huwn
"horse"
tarsa:n
faras
"mare"
B.
?al kelba
?al sami:na
xanama:y
?al
ba:til
faras
?al husarn
rajul
tawi:l
?al mara
?amya:na
?albneyya
wled
?al wled
?il tarsa:n
'kelb
?al rajul
tarsa:n
is
-12-
C.
min fdlik
%maim,
min fadlak
?usmik
min fadlakum
?1113111a1C
ti
I.
,A
:..
hu:
minnina
?inta
?inti
faLtima
...-
?tea
,farha:n
4_
'
._
?ahmet
D.
minnak
mtnnum
r-\
'.
i
,,,r
2.
A.
fa::tima
B.
hawwa
A.
hawwa
?ahmet
' B.
3.
A.
I B.
yu:suf
fa:tima
Number
A 4.:
I.
Dialogue : Greetings
A.
taybi:n ?abd11.a.
"Hello, Abdallah".
B.
taybi:n se ?i ;d.
"Hello-, Said.
sukran kati :r
A.
B.
sa :y min- -fadlak.
A.
"Tee, please."
B.
"Sweet, please."
13.
A.1: ma :
"No ,
II.
Vocabulary:
s'
ma :- Not.
murr- Bitter,
da :y- Tea.
Cigarette.
sigre
41,
-14-
walla- 'Or.:
III.
Granunar.:
A.
13i,
C.
in form.
to
IV.
Exercise
Study
A.
1.
galb
jamal
rajul
:m
wled
?um,
?abba
'sai,rwafa
yarda
sadra :y
dukka:n
4
2.
.nouhs.
to :r
be :t
?i : d
galb
wled
jamal
huma:r
bneyya
marra
yarda
I.
3.
aye
kabi:r'
tawia
sami:n
ba:til
tagi :1
c
B.
Substituti9n afill:
aveeme4t..
te:rkabi:r
?atte:r
lb ?atte:re:n
?alba:tili:n
juma:1
?aljamal
?assami:n
?arruja:1
rajule:n
tuwa :1
mara
?assami:na
xanama:y
?aikabi:ra
be:.teal
-16-
Substitution drill.
C.
1.
V.
1.
min fadlik
gahwa
min fadl kum
sa:Y mur
mien fadl k
gahwa ?asal
min fadlak
gahwa Turr
JI
2.
?ayye
gahwa
la:
nisrabA
tigrab
sa,:y
nisrab
?ayye
sigte:t
4.1
la:,
D.
2.
A.
B.
fa:tima
A.
B.
hasah
hawwa
A.
fa:timahawwa.
?all
3.
B.
06
c.
Possessive Suffixes
A5.
I.
Dialogue : Directions
A.
B.
ha :dlr.
"Please do (I am ready )" .
A.
B.
ti
A.
\ I.
A.
13,,
ma fi :
ey ?,
Vo-calulary :
.
. ,
.
*
',8
'1,7--
),
/
,
?i :d- !land
hand.
-\
we :n- Where.
1
1
III., Grammar:
X
.
1.4
A.
.
.
"yo
-ki. /-ik
-a
"her"
-ha /-a
-na
-kum
-hum /-um
hinna(
B.
(masculine) "'
(feininine)"
'Jour".
"your"
"their (rrisculine).
"their (feminine).
ends' in a.vowel.
47.
definite article.
ddfinite article.
possessed.
IT':
Exercises:
A.
kita:b
kita:bi,
kita:bak
kitabik
kelbak
kelbilc
kelba'
kelbha
kelbna',-
kita:ba
kita :bna
kelbkum
kelbum
kelbhinna
kita:bkum
kita:bum
kita:bhinna
4-
108
V
41.
-196
?aljamal alkbi
s
alba :tit'
jam'alak,1
jamaLa
as sami n'
jamalna,
jamal kum
j amal
L'ar"
um'
41.
ralkabi,:r
?i :di a
az ze :na
:dak
?i :dik
?i da
:dha
al?isra:y
?i .:dna
?i :dkum
?i ;glum
?i
C.
4,"
,8uh%stitution drills.
1.
ta ?arfa 14e :n
.1
to 6rfi
Tut" :1 du park
leko :1
to ?arfu
:k )
ta?arfa
2.
fi.ddirib al?awal
be;'
to :ni
?aww-al
dukka :n
to :lit
dirib
?awal
ee*,
:u:1
Pgi
t :n
109-
-20-,
D.
A.
B.
?umar
hawwa
1
2.
3.
B.
hawwa
fa:tima
A.
fa:tima
B.
?ahmet
A.
4.0
to
1.21-
A.6.
I.
Dialopue: Diredtions
A.
B.
wa fi: ?i :dak,
?amsi ?adi:1 gidda'
azze:na:y.
your right."
Walk straight Ahead and then
"Yes.
A.
?ayye.
B.
A..' ma
13.
Cu,
ma 'ea sala
Vocabulary:
'
?adi:1- Straight.
da:--This.
fe:n- Where.' Same as /we:n/.
gidda:mak- In front of you.
?adi :1 giddamak- Straight ahead.
mu:ze:- Huseum.
seyyid -, Sir, Tentleman,
ta:ni- Second.
ya- Voca'tive particle hich recedes the name or
title of the perso adoressed,
4atilar:
e. g. kita: albneyya.7
11[
-22-
B.
-2_
Exercises:
A.
Substitution drill:
kita:b alwled
galam
albneyya
arrajul
be :t
?axu:y.
?uxti
alwled
al xanama:y
su:f
'B.
kita:bhusa:n
kursi
ral4v
ba :b
ba :b
be :t
?axu:y
b:tum.
mara
?i:d
?i:d
Anartak
kelb
ra : s
kelbkum
ra:s
alb
?uxti
10
r
?assafa:ra
leko:1
al?awwal
la:
-?assafa:ra haria ?amri :k
atta:ni
?almu:ze
atta :lit
11 2,
D.
in sneakers.
B.
yu:suf
maryam
2.
A.
B.
hawwa
?abdalla
3.
A.
B.
hawwa
maryam
1.. A.
1(3
A7.
I.
Dialogue:
Directions
A.
B.
hadir
A.
ta?arf
"Do yo
B.
?ayye
resto:ra:n alkabi:r da: gidda:m hana
mu:ze .
"Yes, thiS big restaurant in front of the.
muse
A.
wa
B.
la
A.
B.
ma?a sala:mak.
II.
Vocabulark:.
b?i:d- Far.
gari:b- Near
hana- Of
hine- Here
la:kin- But
ndo:ra- I want, I would like.
resto:ra:n- Restaurant
semeGood, nice.
-III.' Grammar
A.
in Arabic.
out
114
is
-25-
C.
1)
kelb kabi:r
?alkelb alkabi:r
2)
relationship.
at possessive
kita:bi ?ahmar
?axu:y ?abu :ha
IV.
Exercises?
A..
a,
'kita:b ?axu4y.
?rrajul
?abu ha
?ajjamai
_jamalum
jamalyabu:na
hu:
?abu:
?alhuma:r
B.
position.,
?rrajul kabi:r
h?i:d kati:r
wled xa:ii
kari:m
?abu:hum
-?axu:k
xa:lak
?abu fa:tima
kari:m
battil
mu ?allim
C.
Substitution drill.
ksinema
b?i:d
ma: b?i:d
ta?arfu
?ute :1
gari:b
ta?arfa
mu :ze:
resto:ra:n
...
D.
-28r,
,
Personal Pronouns
A8:
pialgoue: Directiols
I.
A.
B.
saba:h alxe:r.
"Good morning.
pOst?
"Where is the poet office, please?"
B.
A.
B.
a
,
the, first,
street."
A.
B.
A.
ma?a sala:ma:k.
e
4
II.
Vocabulary:
ba?d- After.
ba?de:n- Afterwards; then.
fihimta- I understood.
Kassa- Now.
kanjir- Turri
na?trwin- I help.
na?arwnak- I help you
nagdar:. I can.
),
:11
.
.118'
dir
-29-
III.
Grammar:
A
A.
pronouns:
"I"
?ana
?irta /,;?inte
?inti
hut
hi:
?ani ma
?intu
human.
hinna
You (masculine)"
"You, ( feminine )"
"He"
"She"
Ven
"You" ,
"They (masculine)"
"They (feminine)"
J
1W.
Exercises:
A.
poSitio
?ana
?ihta.
?inti
hut
.4E
?ani:ns
?intu
human'.
hinna
B.
Substitution drill:
-.30-
'?anat.kari :m
ta
rajul kari:m
kari:m kati:r
hi:
hu:
human
sumam
'kt
hinna
kubar kati:r
?ani:na
ruja:1 kuba:r
human '.
?intu
.11
hut
?inta.
?ana
xa:lak
hu:
hi:
?ummak
?ana
C.
Substitution.. drill:.
1.
na?a:wnik
nudo:ra
xalli:ni
nagdar
na?a:winkum
na?avinum
na?a:wna
na?a:wina
nudo:ra
na?a:winkbm
na?amnik
nagdar
na?a:wnak
2.
post
nisi:fa
niri:da.
mu:ze:
?ute:1 du park
na?arfa
safa:ra hana.?amri:k
ndo:ra
grant ?ute:1
na?arfa
es,
2.
3.
B.
maryam
yu:suf
A.
B.
11.6wa
A.
B.
hawwa
maryam
A.
?dhmad,
AO.
-32-
13,
A.
sukran kati:r.
"Thank you very much."
A.
B.
Vocabulary:
II.
Gramyr:
III.
A.
adding
122,
-3,r
B.
e. g.
"Is he big?"
described above. e. g.
Al
hu: ma: kabi:r walla?
IV.
"Isn't he big?"'
Exercises:41i
e-
A.
.
- PR
kita:b'?axu:ha
?ana ja:y min -?amri:k.
-34we
C.
Substitution drills.,
1.
min faransa
?inta
?abu:k
?uxti
hu:
hi:
tsa:d
?ani :na
hinna
?arruja:1
2.
kalarm faranset
kwayyis
nikallim
kalarm ingli:z
swiyya
yikallim
seme
'
kalarm ?arab
tikallimu
tikallim
'3.
faransa
kalalm faranse:
?allamna
Za lamta
?ak.lamti r
kal :m-ingli:z
fi ?anglite:r
.
?Alma s
?allamat
?allamu
D.
in speakers.
C,t
1.
A.
B.
fa:tima
?ahmad wa'hawwa.
2.
A.
B.
hawwa
A.
B.
maryam
fa:tima
3.
?ali
l2
35
Past Tense of "eolbe" Sentences
A10.
Dialogue-:
I.
Nell Arrival
B. -salannale:k.
B.
A.
B.
la:, sahir
"No, for one month."
B.
yocabulary:,
II.
ji:t- Came.
kike:f- How, (same as /ke:f /').
sahir-
month.
tawwalt- Stayed for a long time.
.
III.
Grammar:
A.
Azama:n/
or /ka:n /. While
/izarnam,
e: g.
/25.
B.,
a studentl"
I
IV.
Exercises
A.
Substitution drill:
hu: ka:n fi: leko :l.
?ana kunt
albe:t
?anta kunt
?anti kunti
al?ute:1
hi: ka:nat,
?ani:na kunna
leko:l
?intu kuntu
human ka :nu
B.
in the sentence.
?ana zama :n fi:
kunt
?ants
fi: tda:d
sanalfa:t
?anti
subu: airs-rt.
?amis
zama:n
?awwal ?amis
?ana
,
C.
Substitution drills:
40'
37
?inta min we:n min ?amritk?
1.
?inti
tsa :d'
?ana
MIrs
hi
nige :r
?ani :na
?intu
?anritk
human
?ana jirt bittayyara.
2.
?inta jilt
?inti ji ;ti
but jat
biwati :r
hi: jart
?anima jitna
bilmarkaba
?intum jirtu
biljaward
huinan jot
3.
D.
tawalti
tawwalat
tawwal
fi: misr
tawwalna
fi: suda:n
tawwaltu
fi: tsa:d
tawwalt
changes in speakerst
1.
2:
A.
B.
maryam
A.
B.
fa:tima `
?ahmad
A.
?ali
B.
hawwa.
?ayse
0,
38..
4,
Prepositions
I.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
?ablan wa sahlan;
"You are welcome."
B.
su
Vocabulary:
Grammar:
III.
A.
1'2 8
or possession.
in Chad Arabic.
ba?d- After
bi-. By, in.
\.
gidda:m- In front of.,
hang- Of.
?ind- At.
jamb- Beside..
ma?a- With.
0
ware- Behind.
B.
)/
IV. Exercises:
A.
ba?d leko:1
bittayys4ra
"by plane"
biljawa:d
"on horseback"
1 21)
..-
e"'
"after school"
.
4.,
4'
fi: lbe:t
/VP
B.
fi: tta:bl
fo:g lbe:t
gabil al?akul
"before eating"
gidda:m pute:1
hana ?axt:lak
"your sister's"
jamb alkursi
le: ssafavva
ma?a ?abutk
?usut ddirib
wara lmurzel
Substitution drills:
1.
?inta
hu
sahir
?asara
wa:hid
?anima ga:?idi:n
sana
sitte
human
?arbor
sab?a
hinna
?ayya:m
?intu
subu:
tamanya
?ana ga:?id
tis?a
2.
i 4:3
?ana
?inti
tga:d
hu:
nige :r
hi
?ani:na
masr
?intu
faransa
human
suda:n
hinna
?axu:kum
?amri:k
fa:tima
?ana
?ahmet
human
martak
D.
in speakers.
1.
A.
B.
2.
A.
fa:tima wa ?ali
?ahmet
B.
hawwa
maryam
A.
B.
yu:suf
?ali wa hawwa
/
3.
Cr
13 i
<
Al2.
a
I.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
,1
B.
B.
A.
sallimum ley.
"Give them my greetings."
sukran.
"Thanks."
Vocabulary:
II.
i3'
III.
Grammar:.
IV.
Exercises:
A.
Substitution drills::
walla
?anima ma?a:na
?intum ma?akum
human ma: ma?a:hum
hinna ma?a:hum
?ana mali
hu: ma: ma?ahu
?allcursi Jambi.
2.
jambak
ma: Jambi
jambak walla
jambik
ma: jamba
jambina
jambakum walla
jamb atta:bl
jambah
ma: jambahum
?al?ute:l gari:b minnak.
3.
N
minni
minnijc walla
b?i:d
minhu
minha walla
b?i:d minhi
,
)133
,,..
11.
gari:b minnina
minnukum
'
m.tnnum walla
minhinna
Your teacher will "give you two words:
B
and a
pmcatar
as attached
(or ..noun).
m n
ma?a
tr
a preposition
e. g.
?anina
Student
minni
ta?ana
4
?ana
_?inta
le:
f
n
-burlap
in
e:
fo:g
ma?a
fo:g
tihit
fo:g
tihit
?usut
lamb
?usut
C.
?ahmet
?ahmet.wa ?ali
?ani:na
hu
?inta
fa:tima
yy:suf
human .
?inti
?ana
?ahmet
hu:
SubitAution drills
1.
?inte ?inda
mara,walla?
?ana ?indi
?inti ?indiki
hu: ?axador
human
hinne
ma ?axadna
?inte ?axadt
hu: ?inda
2.
la: ma:
?awi:n
sitte
?ayye
-450
bana:t
?awla:d
?a.aara
?indak
tine:n
?indi
D.
in speakers.
1.
2.
3.
A.
B.
hawwa
'?ali
A.
?ali
13.
fa:tima
A.
B.
maryam
hawwa
-1111.
I 9
s,
=46
Demonstrative Pronouns
A13.
B.
A.
B.
A.'
B.
A.
?usmumya:tu?
B.
A.
II.
'
Vocabulary:
?arba- Four.
da- This (masculine).
da:k- That (masculine).
de:1- These (feminine).
de:la:k- Those (feminine
di:- This (feminine).
di:k- That (feminine).
do:1- These (masculine).
do:la:k- Those (feminine).
lissa- Yet, so far.
kam- How much, how 'many.
kam sana ?indak- How old are you? Li terally: How many
.
years do you have?
sitt e Six.
.
6c
Aft
Grammar:.
III.
A.
B.
e. g.
?alwled da kabi:r.
IV.
Exercises:
A.
or these.
da
rajul kari:m
markkari:ma
?awi:n kari:mi:n
ruja:l kartmi:n
bneyya kabi:ra
bneyya saxayrd:
wled kabi:r
?awla:d kubano
bana:t saxayyari:n
led saxayyar
bana:t kuba:r
N-
.2.
or those.
da:k
jawa:d ?ahmar.
faras ?ahmar
1) /
11.
ti
-48-
kita00 ?abyet
kutu:b bird
?awi n suma:n
mara sami:na
bneyya bA:tila
rajul ba:til
ruja:l kuba:r
bana:t kuba :r
?awla :d saxayyari:n
B.
(Change "rajul/to
and gender.
di:
de:1
do :1
da:
dark
dirk
de:1'
do:la:k
de:la:k
di:
de :1
da:k
do:l
di:k
6
C.
bana:t
kila:b
:.kutub
?awi:n
?awla:d
?indik
ruja:1
buyu:t
rijle:n
'13
-49-
2. km sana ?indum?
yo :m
?indak
sahir
subu:
sa:Za
?indik
sana
kita:b
'inda
riya:1
D.
1'
1.
A.
B.
sa:lah
?a:se
2.
A.
B.
hali:ma
hawwa
3.
A.
B.
maryam
jami:1
-50-
A14.
I.
Interrogative Pronouns
Dialogue:
t.
The Family
A.
keLf ha:lak?
B.
hamdulilla:.h.
de:f martak wa ?iya:lak?
"Thank God, How are your wife and kids?"
A.
kwaysi:n,
B.
A.
B.
A.
ma:la?
" -thy not?"
B.
II.
Vocabulary:
gara- He reads.
leko:t- School .3
ma:la- Why not?
saxayra- Young (feminine).
tamsi- Walk (she).
yamsi- Walk (he).
yam 4i 1eko:1- Go to school..
Grammar:
sunu
"what"
ya:tu
"who, whom,Iwnat"
-51-
we:n
"where
mata
"when"
we:nu
we:n
ke:f V kike:f
"which"
"how"
Exercises:
A.
Substitution drills:'
1.
?usmak yatu?
we:n
?abu:k
we:nu
?usmu
sunu
ya:tu
?usmik
we:n
sunu
?usma
2.
mata mage:t
we:n
maga
sa: far
ke:f
safarti
kike:f
mata
mabe:ti
maa.
ke:f
B.
are answers.
?usmi ?ahmet.
ji:t bittayyara.
?usmi fa:tima.
ji:t bilmarkaba.
?usfiim se?i:d wa hawwa.
?usmi fi: alba:b.
?axadt gari:b xamsa sana.
-52-1.
i=
, ,
--.
Substitution drills:\
1.
4;,
it*
?abu.:ki
rajulki
wa?iya:lik
ke:f
2.
?ana mast
?ana gare:t
tis?a
ri: leko:l
D.
changes.in speakers.
1.
2.
3.
A.
B.
ra:kya
hali:ma
A.
jami:l
B.
.fa:tima
A.
B.
ha.Wwa
mu:sa
-53-
The Relative-Pronoun
A15.
I.
Dialogue:
The Family
A.
B.
hamdulilla:h, kwaysi:n.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A. ,sunu ga:?idagra?
"What is he studying?"
B.
II.
Vocabulary:
?axwa:n- Brothers.
?axwa:t- '&isters.
dakto:r - Doctor.
Plural of//?axu/.
Plural of ?axt?.
ga?adta- I stayed.
Progressive particle.
ga:?id- Staying.
le- In order to
min Ikama:n- For a long time.
,?oro:p- Europe.
siftak- I saw
yabga- Become.
long time.
zama:n.
\".
-54-
Grammar:
III.
'IV.
Exercises:
A.
.t
pairs of words:
wled
bneyya
mara
rajul
huma:r
kursi
dakto:r
bana:t
ruja:l
wled
B.-
axu:y
?axti
?ummak'
ja:
?abyet
?ahmar
ma6a
jo: 0
masu
tawi:1
Substitution. drills:
1.
Aiftik
6ifitkum
sahir
9ifna:k
sahre:n
/.
_aifna:ki
zama:n
-difna:kum
tala:ta sana
2.
?axu:k wa'?axtak
?axwa:nik wa ?axw:tik
?abu:k wa ?ummak
?abu:ki wa ?ummik
imartak wa ?iya:lak
rajulik wa ?iya:lik
?axwa:nkui wa ?axwa:tkum
?awi:nkum wa ?iya:lkum
?iya:lkum wa ruja:lkum
xa:lak wa xa:ltak
xa:lik wa xa:ltik
-?axwa:lak wa xa:la:tak
?abbahatkum wa ?ummaha:tkum
771717:dak wa bana:tak
?awla:dik wa bana:tik
A.
B.
jibri:n
ra:kya
2.
A.
hali:ma
mu:sa
maryam
B.e mu:sa wa
A.
a
OP
A16.
Dialogue:
I.
The Family
a
A.
B.
A.
A.
B.
A.
ta?a:1 faddal.
"Please come."
B.
A.
II.
sukran.
Vocabulary:
'Or
Grammar:
III.
A.
-57-
t. g..
ot.
4$
hana:k
hana:ki
("yours (fem)"
hana:w / hana:hu
.
IV.
"his"
.
hana:hi
"here
hana:na
"ours"
hana:h.uni
"yours"
hana:hum (an)
"theirs"
Exercises:
.A.
relationship using'/hana/.
kita:b
jawa:d
dawwa:fa
kursi
'?i:d
ra:s
dukka:n
safara
be:t
B.
?awla:d
rajul
mara
bana:t
?abu:y
ta:jir
tsa:d
?axu:ki
Substitution drill:
?albe:t.da: hana:y
hana:k
kita:b
hana:ki
hana:y
hana:v
?ute:1
hana:k
hana:hu
hana:hi
marku:b
hana:na
hana:w
hana:hi
kutub coo :1
hana:kum
hana:na
hana:hum
buyu:t
hana:huthan
hana:kum
C.
Substitution
1.
7054ra tsi:f
da:
a
u o:td. tgi:fi
be:ti
tudo:ru tsi:fu
tudoLra tsi:f
2.
/indik
da:r semeh
WiEgyiS
?indak
?ihdakum
buyu:'t'kwaysi:n
?indum
?indik
?indakum
?indi
?inda
-59-
D.
substitutions in speakers:
1.
A.
B.
hawwa
paryam
2. 4A.- jamiA
3.
B.
hawwa wa ?ali
A.
faltima
B.
?ahmet,
O
k,
st
-60ti
A17.
I.
B.
71-6727Read.
A.
Alwe:n?
"Which shop?"
.
B.
A.
B.
II.
:?ayye.
A.
sukran ya veyyid.
B.
Vocabulary:
?alme:t- klatch`
alwe:n- Which
hina:k- There, overthere.
kulla- Also, too
nibi:-
Grammar:
III.
A.
inserted in between
If no
Exercises:
IV.
F
A.
sirib
"he drank"
datab
"he hit"'
katab
"he wrote'
fihim
"he understood"
ragad
-
B.
daxal
"he slept"
"he entered"
libis'
914..wrote"
matag
"he passed"
dihik.
"he laughed,'
zagal
"he threw"
f
-62-1
ns
ar
hu:
darab ?axu:
katab kita:b
fihim
?ahniet
ragad
?arrajul
daxal
el
,ibis
hu,:
hu:
Substitution
C.
1.
?ute:1
hine
fd:g
mu:ze:
min
.daka:ki:n ga:?idi:n
wara
dukki:n
fi:
hina
gabl
Zote:1
hina:k
2.
changes in
eakdre:
1.3
1.
2.
A.
B.
?ali
hawwa
A.
B.
fatima.
lahmet
. A.
maryam
?a:ge
-B.
S.-
.14
.4
A 18.
I.
A.
B.
nafar sunu?
"What kind?"
A.
B.
.A.
II.
B.
A.
sukran. kam?
"Thanks. How
B.
?asara riyarl.
"Ten riyals."
A.
faddal.
"Here it is."
Vocabulary:
mach ?"
?anti- Give.
?anti :ni - Give
. do:1= These.
human- They
Onlk, except.
hafar-, Kind, brand.
pake:t- Pack, package.
Owe
GTammar:
A.
re.
a
41,
-65
adding the following subject suffixes:
-t
"I"
4
"you (mas)"
"you (fem)"
- ta
-ti
"he"
B.
- at
"she"'
-na
-tu
-u
"we".
"you"
"they"
Iv, Exercises:
A. tRepeat after your teacher..'
?ana siribt
?inta siftbta
siribti
hur sirib
hi: siribat
fihimta
?inta fihimta
?ipti fihimti
hur fihima
hi: fihimat
n.
?ani:ha fihimna
?intu fihimtu
human fihimu
ff
B.
-66-
drab
katab
ragad
daxal
libis
marag
dihik
zagal
r
C.
Substitution drill.
?anti:na pake:t hana sigre:t.
?anti:ni
?antu:ni
pake:t tine:n
hana basto:r
?stiti4s4
?anti:hum
?anti:
?antur
?antuma,'
hana sigre:t
pakert
tftla:ta pakert
Vantima
oY
pake:t
A.
,B.
2.
A.
B.
jami:1
maryam
maryam
fm:ttma
4;.
ar
)3
-67-
A19.
I.
Dialogues
A.
Getting Around
taksii
"Taxi l"
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
?ayye, fihimta,
"Yes, I .understo0."
A.
B.
?arbi:ft riys:l.
"Forty riya1s;"
II.
How much?"
A.
B.
1$ c*1
*V "4
Vocabular10
?asrfa- knowing it:
"he knew".
active participle of
arafa?
?arbic:n- Forty.
fihimta- I understood,
ma:ni t'aM not: /ma:/ plus the possessive suffix.
4.0P
nwaddi- I-take.
taksi- Taxi.
wavidt-,,Take. (imperative).
144...',' He arrived.
wintlAa- We arrived.
e."
-68.
Grammar:
III.
in the present is -CCVC- for singular subjects and 4VOCfor plural subjects.
The hyphens
IV.
Exercises:
A.
'
verbs:
7
,j,,.
.1
,:,
, ,
present _plural
root
present singular
a-r-b
-srab-
- earb..
d-rub,
-drub-
-duib-:
k-t-b
-litub-
-kutb-
f-h=m
-fham-
r-g-d
-rgud-
d-x0a.
-dxu1-
..
...
"tahmi
-rugd-duXi-
1 -b-s
-lbaa-
-libs-
m-r-g
-mrug-
'..murg-
d-h-k
-Oak-
-dahlk-'
ti -g -1
-ziu/-
-zagl-
B.
Substitution drill:
waddi:ni fi: grant ?ute:1,
waddu:ni
almu:ze:
agsafa:ra hana ?amri:k.
waddu:na
arresto:ram al ahl.:r
waddiina
waddi:ha
waddi:hum
be:tak
waddi:
lekorl
waddi ?ahmet
waddu ?iya:lkum
albe:t
waddi:ni
C.
speakers:
1.
2.
P.
A.
B.
A.
B.
jami:I
I' a : tima
?ali
?ahmet wa htwwa.
changes in
-70..
A20.
I.
A.
B.
?ayye
A.
kam?
"How much?"
B.
xamsi:n riyall.
"Fifty riyals."
A.
xala:s
O.
B.
I-
namsu
we go."
A.
B.
A.
10B. -tukran.
"Thanks."
A
II.
Vocabulary:
III.
Grammar:
-71-
Tbmb
or. gender.
singular
plural
1st. person
*,___Irl.,}
2nd.
nV-
2nd.
"
tV.. -i
nV.. -u
tV - -u
tV - -u
3rd.
"
yV-
yV-...gu
3rd.
it
tV -s.
yV- -Ai
tV...
(f
.)'
(f.)
z.
IV Exercises:
A.
Substitution drill:
?assafa:ra ma: b?i:d min hine..*
?anute:1
gari :b
min be:tna
'min ddirib al?awwal
?arrajul
b?i:d
min hina:k
?almume:
b?i:d kati:r
min assafa:ra
!:.11
C.
in speakers:
1.
2.
A.
B.
A.
B.
?ali
fa:tima
Janda
maryam wa rahmet
161
".72..
A 21.
Dialogue :
A.
Getting Around
sa:Ttak kam ?
'What tine do you have?'
B.
B.
?attaman mas.battatl.
'The price is not bad.'
A.
B.
<14
namk ma?a:k.
'I will go with you.'
10'
.
-.73-
II. Vocab4ary :
baka:n
Place.
batta:l
Bad.
fi:
hayyin
Cheap inexpensive.
la:zim
Must, should.
' sa:?h
sa:?a kam
.t.
sa:?tak kam
taman
Price.
yo:m
Tay.
/alyo:m/
'Today.'
(
III.
Grammar:
A.
?V -.
zero
fd
N. Exerdises:
A.
Root
Masculine
Plural-
Feminine
0-4
gar-b
?agrab
?agarbi
?agarbu
d-r-b,.2
?adrub
?adurbi
?adurbu
k-tb
?aktub
?akutbi
?akutbu
f-h-m
?afham
?afahmi
?afahmu
rg-d
- ?argud
?arugdi
?arugdu
d-x-1
?adxul
?aduxli
?adux111
1-b-s
?albas
-?allb
?alibsu
m-r-g
?amrug
?amupti
?amurgu
d-h-k
?adhak
?adahki
?aleffku
z-g-1
?azgul
?azagli
?azaglu
le.
7
40
Substitution Drills
B.
1.
00
wa ruba
?arba
A
?ilia rubs,
xamsa
wa ?isrim
e
164
-75-
wathid
waqagara
tina:n
x
wa ?asra wa xatisa
2.
baka:n
kwayyis
b atfa: 1
dukkitn
some
tabla: t
semhitn
battatlign
sat?att
kwaysi:n
3.
taai
hire
?amb:kir
fit lbe :t
yamsu
ba ?a batkir
namgi
6.."
fit ssu:k
alyotm
hinatk
C.
substitutions in speakers:
1.
A.
fa:tima
B.
hawwa
2. -A.
B.
fa:tima wa rahmat?ali
tz.
166
.0
-11
Negation of Verbs
A 22.
I.
Dialogue :
Telling Time
ti
A.
B.
sat?a 2agara.
lit is.ten o'clock.:
A.
sefii: walla ?.
04
B.
B.
la:
ssinema
nine.
A.
xallitna namgu
'Lit us go.'
II.
Vocabulary:
Wait.
?arja
see.
nikau
We take,
sehi:
Sure, right.
sinema
Cinema;
.6.14iyya
A little, little.
tama:m
Exactly;
xafli
Let me.
III. Grammar
A.
t,
drink'.
IV.
Exercises:
A.
negative t.
?ana
.
'hu:
168
?a;rab gahwa,
.0^
?a;arbu ;aty,
?adahku.
?ana na :kul.
?intu ta:kului
human ya
?a:kuli.
?anima na;arbu.
B..
Substitution Drill
?arrajui ;irib gahwa.
;a:y
ma:
?akal
?e:;
hut
se
,tama:ttm
hi:
siribat
gahwa
sa:y
C.
Substitution Drills"
1.
Jayye
,sa:?tak
be:tak
x
x)411ina nigitfu
,e
be:tum
sa:?atum
xallini nIsmfa.
da:ri
sa:?ti
2.
xamsa wa ruba
xamSa7wa nuss
?agara wa:hid ua tilt
a
tama:m
tamalnya.wa tis?a
tagri:ban,
wa:hid wa sitte
tama:m
takeaa wa tilt
3,
1a:zim namt fi
ba:lik
ssu:k
ddukka:n
tamgi
Id
1a:zim
ka:n
namsu
t
it
ddirib
.1
1a:zim
It
lbe:t
,a.
c
namsii
.4.
..,
."
:e
'...,........
NI---i--
e
I,
.
.s
e
?get Tense of W-C-C Verbs
A 23.
I. Dialogue t
Telling Time
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
\
B.
A.
e
B.
IT
Vocabulary:
? adi:l
-)Straight, right,
4
7asiyya
Afternoon, meaning;
fajur
Morning, dawn.
.4
-83O
?illa
Minus,
kalamak
kala:mak ?adi :l
ma:si
going, walking.
Timer-
wakit
III.
/fit wakit/
There is time.
Grammar :
A.
IV.
Exercises
A.
Listb:i tp.your
?iota
?inti
hu:
sit
hi:
-84?ali
?intu
human
hinna
?ali-wilid.
tamsi
ba?d ba:kir
?amba:kir
.
A-
tamsu
sanalja:y
yamsu
ma:si
subu: alja:y
al
ma:si:n
masr
ma:sye
fra:ns
tamsi
,
.174
-85tamsu
ddirib
namsi
namsu
ssu:k
yamsi
lbe:t
ma:si
?abase
J,
4
cs
-80..
A 24.
verbs
Present_ and
Telling Time
Dialogue:
A.
B.
A.
B.
lissa badri,
la:
B.
ma:la ?
'Why?'
A.
B,
nwaddi:k hina:k
'I shall tike you there in my Car.,
A.
sukran kati:r.
ThaAks a lot.'
/N.
II.
Vocabulary:
s,
?asa
?azzamta
I invited.
-874
badri
Early.
ga:?id
alissa
muta?axxir Late.
rufga:ni
My friends'
wati ')r
Car.
(singu]ar : /rafi:gin
Grammar:
e
Exercises:
..
?inta
?inti
hu:
hi:
?ali
?ani:na
?intu
le
-88-
*bp
human
fa:tima
war
?ali wind.
mu:sa wagad na:r,
C. "Substitution Drills:
ga:?dt:n tamsu
abase:
sa:?a kam
fra:ns
?amri:k
ga:?ida tamsi
mata
ga:?di:n namsu
ga:?id namsi
fi: tsa:d
sa:?a kam
ga:?id yamsi
fi: wadda:y
tamsi
'*;..
s.
,
.:89-
.,
?asara tine:n
pallta w tilt
fi: fajur
V
xamsa wa ?asara
sitte wa tama:nya
?arba w ruba
___//
fi fajur
0
...
fi: lxada
e
rafi:gti
fi: 1?a;a
?abu:y
rufga:fii
.;
rufga:ti
fi: lfutuir
?abu:y
?Etxu:Ii
I
is
11
Verbs
3ast Tense of
A 25.
"I. Dialogue:
Holidays
A.
?amis
B.
A. lisd bixe:r.
'Happy feast.'
yanti:k alxe:r.
B.
'Happy feast.0
sunu sawwe:ta ?
A.
mase:na ruxna.
B.
140.
mase:tu wean ?
A.
mase:na fi:
B.
.
A.
B.
la:
Vocabulary:
II.
God.
?alla
Only.
'bes
ga ?adtu
,
We sto.yed, sat.
74:1i)
?i:d alkabi:r
?1:d bixe:i
We walked.
matp:tU
ruxna...
A walk.
sawwe:ta
You did.
'toodness, bliss.
.xe:r
yanti:k
III.
ga ?adna
He gives you.
Grammar:
A.
B.
CiCC.
IV. 'Exercises:
Listen to your''instructor read the
A.
?ana gult
?inta gulta
?inti'gulti
hu: ga:l
hi; ga:lat
?ani:na gulna
Lire
?intu gultu
S.
'human ga:lu
,
hinna ga:lu
Do the same as' oosi* A with the following
B.
verbs:
'410
1.
sa:r -
2.
to :r
'flew'
3.
sa:l
'took'
4.
ja:b.
'brought'
5.
sa:f
- 'saw'-
-93-
C.
Substitution Drills:.
hine
fi: tpa:d
lle:l
ga?adi
0
ssana
hina:k
ga?adna
fi: '1136:t
ga?adat
Eisahir
o
giOadtu
4
hina:k
lyo
2..la:
ga?a
?4YY43
ga?adtaP
hine
fajur
kama4in
la:
,a-
ga?adti
r.
V
-94ssu :k
fi :
iyo
ga?ad
hine
bes
a7adna
asiyya
a:k
..
1
11
.1
ti
-95-.
6,
Present and Imperative of C-W-C
A'26.
I.
Dialogue:
A.
rbs
Holidays
fa4 ddal
si:1 ka:k.
A.
B.
?i:d bixe:r.
'Happy feast.'
A.
xe:r ?insa:?aila.
1Sameto you.'
B.
si:1 ziya:da.
'Take some-more.'
B.
A.
tudo:ra kubba:yahang'airo: ?
'Would you like some syrup?'
B.
la:
ibkran. nudo:ra
Vocabulary:
halu,
Sweetsnice.
185
401k
kafa
.Enough,..
A
Cake, cookies.
cka:k
A glpss, cup,
si:1
Take'(iinperative).
siro:
ziya:da
More.
III. Grammar:
A.
f /g-,Arli we get
et fai:r/.
e
same as' those mentioned before.
IV.
Exercises:
A. 'Repeat the followin4aft." your
teacher.
Pr
?int& tagu:l.
?inti
hu:yagua.
a
/-/
-97-
hi: tagua.
?ani:na' nagu:1u.
1
?intu tagu:lu.
human yarlau.
gua.
IP
gu:li.
gu:lu.
B.
tisi:fa
?inti
tisi :li
hu:
hi:
tisi:1
?ani na
.4
nisi:fu
?into,
human
yisi :fu
4,
-98-
fa :tima
tisi:f
?ali wa,fa:tima
yi;i:lu
C.
Substitution Drills:
I
,
?Aatbi sirol
faddalu
?a:kulu ?e:s:"
si:lu
faddal
?e:s
?a:kul.
141
off
?asrab siro:
gahwa
sa:y
-
faddali
faddalu
2
la :
sulcr an ,
nudo:ra gahwa.
?ayy
sa:
-or
Biro:
,
1"
188
1
-99-
la :
*re :s
:k
ma : nudo :ya.$041(
sa 1 y
L,
gahwa
D.
the following
a
substitutions" in speakers.
9
1.
A: ?ahMad
. *
B. fa : tima
2.-
fa : timai
B. hawwa
3.
A. hawwa wa
*t.
13; fa : tima wa
S
SO I
It
A 27.
Holidays
?amba:kir xidma ma: fi:
A.
1Tomoerow is a holiday.'
B.
'
'Why?'
v
A.
B.
A.
B.,
B.
A.
?ahli
MY parentsil-elatives.
.
fi.: sa:p
Bedause.
hurriyya
190
Y.
-101-
naji
I come.
na?arrifak
I introduce you.
ta?a:1
Come (Imperative).
taji
You come.
xidma /, xidme
Work.
III. Grammar:
ong for
IV...Exercises:
A.
?ana
?inta
?intr
hi:
?ani:na
?intu
hUman
hinna
-4102=
,2.
hu;
?ana
lr
?izita
hi:
?ani:na
?intu
human
hinna
13. Substitution drill:
r
?ana badevt.
4.
-Ss
sareevt
Y
'hu
4,
bads
rama
?ana
gare:t
rame:t
baddt
sarate
?ani:na
er
J
-..---10
rame:na
hi:
7
q 2,
/**7\
Low..
-103.
garat
.
.
7inta
bade:t
sare:t
human
badu
garu
hi:'
badat
human
saru
ram'.:
C. Substitrution drills:
tasrab
alyo:mC
tasarbi
ba?d ba:kir
ta:jeul
ta:kulf
?amba
v
yasrab
N.(
1
tasrab
tisawwi
193
ni?azzima
'rufga:ni
rufga:tZ
nzu:ra
4
rafisgti
rafi:gi
nL. allim
?ahli
?axu:y
ni;i:fa
3. ?ahli ga:?idi:n b?ird min.hine.
sa:kini :z
. ma: b?i:d
-s;
gari:b
a
?axwa:ni
?axwa:ti
min leko:1
ma: b?i:d
ga:?di:n
rufga:ni
?ahli
194
so
105-
The Carpenter
Dialogue,:
ma:
xidme
?asiyya walla ?
A.
ma:la ?.
!Whys?"
Pa4,,
hana be:ti.
ilunu bigi ?
!What happened?!
B.
ba:bi,kassar wd la:zimiva?addila
,
)471:tu naka:rak,?
A.
?ahmat.najjasi kwayyis.
!Ahmad is'a gbod carpenter.
B.
-106,
a
Vocabulary:
II.
,ba:b
Door,
bigi
,Happened.
a
ja:rak
III.
ja:y
kassar.
Broke
'najja:r
Carpe ter.
y?addila
as broken.
Grammar:
have the
Exercises:
A. Listen to your instructor' making substitutions.
yam;i
hi:'
'
namsu
?intu
V
yamsu
196
a
.
e".
?ahmad
?ana
hi:
Ointi
yalga
hi:
?ani:na
talgu
hfiman
rahmad
?ana
?intu
rr
B. Substitution drills:
v .
?indi
ruxna
?inda
ft /fajur
?amba:kir
?indum
?indi
ba?d ba:kir
fi: ?a;iyye
197
-108-
<
NN
241
da15to:r
1
seme
mu:sa
sulta:n
kwayyis
ti
?abbiiker
mu?allim
).
seM.
,
40 4
Itubstitutfons:
/
C.
1. te. favelinSi
IN
B. hawwa4,1
/26 A. ?ali
-14
fa :tima'wa hawwa
I
,r'
.109
A29,,
Past tense of C
1 2 2
verbs
Dialogde:
,The Doctor
ti
A.
ti
O
A,.
'What the'matterifith
you ?'
?i:di yo :ja?nie
'I have pain .in my hand (arm).'
B.,
sums
'What is the matter with your arm ?''
.
A.
B.
yiji:ba 17a:fya.
'God hive you he.alth.I
A,
196
0.
-110-
..
r.
11.
Vocabulary:
?a:fya
Health.
ddkto:r / dakto:r
Rector.
?i:d
Arm, hand.
Came.
ja:k
sunu ja:k'
waie:ta
1 fell- down.
waja
Pain.,
yanti
He gives.
yo:ja?
Hurts
yiji:ba
III.
Past /?anta/.
He lmrivgs.
Past /ja:b/.,
elloe: II II
't
A. C C C
1 2 2
,
verbs contain
r
and final
'
Exercises:
200
"V
?ana maddest
madde:t ?i:dak.
?inti padde:ti ?i:dik4
hu: madda ?irda.
hi:.maddat ?i:da.
.
mahammat
hawwa
?iota
?inti
?ani:na
?inti
human
?ana
20i
-112-'
C. Substitution drills:
v
'
leko :l
f
sanaljas.Y
?amri:k
ba?d batkir
ssinema
,la:zim
subulalja:y
tsa:d
sa?a ?asara
?indik
swiyya
kutub
?inda
guns
kati:r
?indum
buyu:t
?indi
waja
202
4),
-113-
,A 30.
A.
B.
A.
B.
B.
'
'I know a place you will like.'tagdar tuwaddi:ni baka :.n da: walla ?
'Can yo
//,B.
A.
kwayyis,
'Good, I will see you.''
B.
mOassala:mak.
'Goodbye.'
-114-
II. Vocabulary:
biga:si
marku:b
A pair of shoes.
nulummu
We meet'..*Past'71amma/.
L4
soxol
Thing, something.
su:k
Market.
yi?ajjibak
Pleases you.
I
Past /?ajjab/.
III. Grammar:
verbs is always
-C1VC2C2-1 and
is either
IV. Exercises:
"yr
A. Repeat after
our teacher.
midda ?i:dak.
middi
middu ?i:d)cumt
-
`104
e"
.4115-
L. nilimma,
2. nisidda.ddiriba
3. nadugga lba:b.
C. Substitiitlbn drilks:
ddirib
ta?arfu
leko :l
almu:zd:
na?arfa
.1
ddakto:r
na?raf
ya?raf
ddukka:n
tagdar twaddirni-baka:n da: walla ?
.4re
1fi: ddukka:n
tagdari twaddimi.
twaddi:ha
tagdar
twaddi:hum
fi: ddirib
nagdar nwaddi:k
4
nwaddi:ki
nwaddi:kum
0
l'aka:n*
nwaddi :ha
tagdaru twaddlyina
twaddu:ni
tagdari twaddi:ni
tagdar
substitutions in speakers.
1.
2.
A.
?ali
B.
hawwa
A.r hawwa
B.
?ali wa ?ahmat
206
A 31.
Quadrilateral VAits
I. Dialogue:
The Market
A.
sala:male :k.
B.
A.
da yi?ajjibak walla ?
B.
A.
'
t.
alweln tudo:ra ?
114h/A
A.
'Black or red,(brown),*
B.
tamana ka ?
'What is its price?*
B.
Aiyya riya:l.
*One'hundred riyalss'
II. 'Vocabulary:.
?ahmar
?aswad
Red or brown.
.
mean 'black*,
01
-118-
lo:n
Color.
lo:na
Its.colo
miYyit
One h a.dred.
tamana
Its price.
III. Grammar:
A.
form of qua
iliteral
form
B.
or C1C2C3C
The
is -CaC
xercises:
A.
blaglab,
e.g
kassart ba:bi.
208
-119i.
B.
/saglab/.
?ana nikassir.
?inta tikassir.
?inti tikassiri.
hu: yikassir.
hi: tikassir.
nikassiru.
?intu tikasiru.
human yikassiru.
kitssir.
kassiri.
/ kassiru.
C. Substitution drills:
lo:n alwe:n tudo:ra
marku:b
tudo:ri
C
tudo:ru
04,
).*
kita:b
cinema
hudo:ra
tabl
mu:ze:
yudo:ra
2O9
yudo:ru
tudo:ru
dukka:n
4,
tudo:ri
ft'
lo:n
tudo:ra
D.
the dialogue:
1.
al
2.
A.
fa:tima
B.
hawwa
A.
?all wa fa:tima
B.
mu:sa
-10
210
S.
-121-
A 32.
"hamza" V rbb
I. Dialogue:
A.
The Ma ket
Itam tudo:ra
:How much
B.
ttabl da ?
A.
4.
B.
nanti:k be miyyaw
'I'll give it to you for one hundred and ten.'
A.
B.
la:, ?antily. miyya. da: ?a:xir taman.'No, give me one hundred. This 1s the
last mica.'
A.
ninety-five.,
B.
kwayyis,
0.K.1\take it.r
Vocabulary:
?anti:ni
Give me.
?a:x0a.
Last.
be / bi
21i
give you
4.
=122:
le
For.
nanti:k
I give you.
nipaSfi:k
tabl
t Table:
(
III. -Grammar:
A.
/nAkul/.
t,
IV. Exercises:
C
A.
04
'Sw
.1,
?inta ?iitkalta
?inti ?akalti
hu: ?akal
hi: ?.akalat
212
-123-
?intu ?akaltu
human ?akalu..
?umar ?akal
falmata ?akalat
2. ?ana na:kul Wanga4seme..
?inta ta:kul
?inti ta:kut li
A
hu: ya:kul
hi: ta:kul
4
?ani:na na:kultC.
7intu ta:kulu
human 'ya:kulu
?a:kul
?a:kuli
?a:kulu
B.
2":
?amabade:t xidme.
?ana nabda xidme.
C.
Substitution drills:
-4
.marku:b
kilo .lmanga
tudo:ru
kilo tama:tum
213
ft.
14%
-12 k-
tuici:ra
gami:s
surwa:1
tudo:ri.
0(
sa:?a
O
marku:b
tis?i:n
,
nanti:kum
sapa
miyya w ?isri:n
nanti:ha
paket
-minte:n w ?asra
nan.ti :hum
kiLlo ?anab
xemsa w sitti:n
tabl
sab?a w fama:nirn
214
-125-
Adverbs
A 33.
I. Dialogue:
The. Market
bikath bitta 4-
B.
A.
-4
B.
A.
A.
I,
21
Ars
C
-126-
tI. Vocabulary:
?a:xar
Other,, -another,
?a:xari:n
Others, other.
bikam
For how-much?
bi:ta
nafar
Kind.
tsawwifni
III. Grammar:
A.
?amsi bise:s
walk valloicly.$
ya:kul ?ajala
.
C.
-127Thfl
b.
Adverbs of
word' as
E..
Adverbs of
vanfityk
(1
ate fa l*ttle1
Exerciacei
A.
be rijla
bise:s
?akal
?ajala
masa
fi: lbe:t
Tahmat
N\ fajur
.?asiyya
V
ja
21T
fi: Ile:1
?amba:kir
na:m
4
lamis
gayll
masa
sana lfaA
?amis
?ajala
B.
sentence:
?aiaa gare:t kwayyis.
same
hus'gara
?ajala
kwayyis
?akal
some
libis
?ana libist
?ajala
.kwayyls
ti
C.
Substitution drills:
1.
218
0,
-129-
helu
di:
ga:si
N'
swiyya
1
da: kwayyis
kati:r
seine,
swiyya
2.
nwaddi:ki
ba?d.ba:kir
sub: 1,/aly
?asiyya
nsi:lik
fajur
sa:?a
V
nsi:lak
?amba:kir
sanalJaty
219
ri
1-
=130=
A 34.
I.
ressin
Dialogue :
A.
essive
The Market.
B.
A.
'Twenty riyals.'
A.
dat Bassi
A.
nakaffi:k xamista?;ar
'I will give you fifteen rigials.'
B.
225
II.
,vocabulary
Grapes.
?azzila
Pick, choose.
basal
Onions.
faggu:s
Cucumbers.
1jadi:d
New, fresh.
ki:lu
kilogram.
lemu:n
Lemons.
mange
Mangoes.
tama:tum
Tomatoes.
J.%
xamista?sar.
zra:
Fifteen.
Vegetables.
III. Grammar:
A.
(masculine singular)
/ga:?ida/
(feminine singular)
/ga:?idi:n/
(feminine plural)
.2211
IV.
gxercises:
,1
?iMba:kir
bead ba:kir
sanalja:y
subu: alja:y
V
ssa?a ?asara
fi: ?amri:k
sahr alja:y
sanalja:y
?amba:kir
fa:tima tamsi
ba ?d ba:kir
sanalja:y
fi: lbe:t
subu: alja:y
ssa?a ?asara w nuss
B.
your teacher.
222
iV
?ani:na
nagru darisna.
C.
Substitution drill:
wala :kin da: tama:tum seine.
?anab
kwayyis
la:kin
zra:
jadi:d
same
wala:kin
basal
jadi:d
faggu:s
seme
lemu:n
kwayyis
jadi:d
manga
D.
substitutions in speOari:-
Cl
223
-134-*
1.
2.
Q.
fa:tima
B.
hawwa
A.
?ali wa fattima
B.
mu:sa
,t
tof
224
-135
A 35.
"To
I.
Dialogue:
A.
Departure
0
plane leays/4-
.8.
6 :15.'
0
'Yes,
0
A.
B.
B.
225
-136
t
Vecabulari:
II.
?adi:1
Straight.
?ahsarie
Better, it is better.
?ayya:m
bissa:?a kam
At what time.
ja:hiz
Ready.
kart
Card, certificate.
a doctor's card.
kulla
All of it,Pagee.
kulla sey?
Everything.
mata:r
Airport.
nabga
0--
nagif
paspo:r
Passport.
Leave yourliouselkaterally:
walk from your house.
taskara
Ticket.
yamsi
He walks, leaVes.
III. Grammar:
A.
226
?inda taskara.
4.6
",
?ani:na
kabis
human
subu: alfa:t
?ana
?ali
hi:
faras
?ani:na
227
4
-138-
huma:r
?inta
?infi
Substitution drills:
\s
u.'
yamsi
,
dr
dirib
tsa:d
yamsu,
V
namsu
-
nams.i
sinema
tamsi
tamsu
?oro:p
2.
4
.z
xamse w nuss
tamsi minbe:tak
tamsiumin be:tik
6
228
?asara wa tilt
tamsi min be:ta
yAm;u min be:tum_
tamsu
in be:tkum
min da:rkum
tXs?a wa ruba
tamsi min da:rak
229
-A 36i
Departure
1.
.
A.
B.
ba:lik namsi.)
A.
B.
A.
230
.
-441-
II.
Vocabulary:
ba?d ba:kir
ba:lik
Maybe.
He left, travelled.
0
You come.
III. _-----,
Grammar:
A.
/ma:si/. Qua.driliteral
verbs,is maCCu:C
/muassar/..
231
e.g,;"tYkagsarh/
--4
-142-
IV.
Exercises:
A..
teacher.
1;
ka:tib
haww ka:tiba
human katibi:n
?ahmat ga:ri
fa:time ga:ri
human ga:ri:n
hu: nagna:g
hi: nagna:ga
human nagna:gi:n
?ana ma:si
?inti ma:si
?ahi:na ma:81:n
mu:sa kadda:b
maryam kadda:ba
human kadda:ki:n
2.
ba;bi mukassar.
ba:bi maksu:r.
?axu: ma?ru:f.
v./
?axtu ma?ru:fa.
ru'ga :ni ma ?ru:fi:n.
232
(t
-143+IP
?ide:ni mukaasari:n.
?ide:ha murabbati:n.
?albneyya murabbata.
?alba:b masdu:d.
4
?abwa:bak masdu:di:n.
darsa maktu:b.
9
ba:ba maftu:h.
?abwa:bi maftuali:n:
?alwle&marbu:t.
kita:bak mawju:d.
B.
fa:time
human
sa : faru
maryam
hu:
-'
?aria
?luta
?inti
-
mase:ti
?int
r
ti
?into
sa:fartu
?akaltu
human
?ahmat
fa:time
'?ana.
?inta
C.
Aka:ni tis
fi: be:ti
fi: da:ri
baka :ni
yiji
yiju
yizu:ru:ni
tiji
yiji
tiju
234
in
walla ?
-145-
v.
A
I.
Dep1/4ture
4
A.
:,-qo'-
.4._
ba?d subu:?e:n.
B.
A.
B.
swiyya.
1A. little.,
A.
A.
B.
235
-146II,
4,
Vocabulary:
?aktubley
baladak
kama:n
Also, too.
ka:n
If, _when..
imktuble:k
In Arabic (English).
I write you.
subt41.:
Week.
subu:?e:n
Two weeks.
tagri
III. Grammar:
A.
B.
-ni
'me'
-ak
'you (maw.)'
-ki
IYoulfem.)I
-u/a
'him'
-a/ha
'her'
-na
'no'
-kum
'You (pl.)2
-um/hum./N
'them'
236
-ley
-le:k
- le:ki
'
You (mas.)1
"
11
"
-le:hU
- le:hi
"
him'
"
her'
-le:na
IV.
-le:kum
- lum/le:hum
".
you (plOt
"
them'
Exercises:
A.
?inta
9
?ani:na
?inti
hi:
fa:tima
hu:
human
?intu
237
B.
katabley maktu:b.
--
?ahmat.
fa:tima
?ani:na
?ana
hu:
human
I
hi:
?inta
?intu
?inti,
C.
Substitiltion drills:
1.
yamsi
bAlada
fi: ?oro:p
yamsu
baladhum.,
fi: fra:ns
tamsi
,
baladhtl
238
";1496
baladik
fi: tsa:d
namsu
baladna
fi: nige:r
tamsu
baladkum
2.
?ingli:z
?inta ? aktubley
kati:r
?inti ?aktubiley
faranse:
2intu ?aktubu:le:na
ikulla
hu: katabley
swiyya
?arab
2.
.A.
fa:tima
B.
hawwa
A.
?ali wa ?ahmat
B.
_wa ?ali
239
-150s
a
A.38.
I..
Conjunctions
Dialogue:'
The Weather
A.
AO
A.
A.
A,
B.,
B.
240
-151-
II,
Vocatulary:
ha:mi
Hot.
julaas1
le :l
Nighty
se :,f
Summer
tagri:ban
wpta
Weather.
III. Grammar:
A.
Arabic are:
4WEI, w,
'and'
1.1
walla
1 or I
Wi
wala
wala
.'nor'
wala
ft
la:kin, wala:kin
'but'.
IV.
Exercises:
A.
hu: ?akal wa
?inta ?akalt walla ma: ?akalt ?
da:
?akal Ia:kin(ma;
4
B.
.4)
?ali'?akal kati:r*Til
--1
fa:tima
wala
waj.a
?ahmat
wa
Iv
la:kin ma:
hawwa
t
walla
wala:kin ma:
yet,
C.
Substitution drills:
1.
ti
242
-153.4.
ba:rid
44s
swiyya
ma: ba:rid
irk
?amba:kir
ma: ha:mi
kati:r
?ams
ha:mi
k
swiyya
alyo:m
2.
ba:rid
fi: nnaha:r
bes
fialet1
-4
kama:n
ma: ha:mi
ba:rid
kulla
?avye
104
4,
243
-154-
A 39.
I.
Numbors
Dialogue:
The.Weath'ar
A.
'It is coliOtoday.0
B.
yayyes
A.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
?ayyes sehi:
244
-155- (
II.
Vocabulary:
baorid
Cold.
ba:rid min
Colder than.
ba:rid kati:r.min
matar ydubb
It rains. Literally:
potws.
sehi:
Right,
sehi: kala:mak
sita
Winter.
.
tali
Snnw.
talskrga
Snow falls.
wakit
yaga
It ,falls.
ysubb
It pours.
Grammar:
A.
t
I-1.9
can be expressed in two different ways.
B.
245
-156-
"alb
IV.
tala:ta/.
Exercises:
A.
nuss.
tii la:ta.
nudo:ra
xamista?sar
ki:lu
tudo:ra
t
tis ?a
4fr,
kila:b
sitta?sar
marku:b
?46
-157talattitn wa xamsa
nudo:ra
xamsa wa ?arba?i:n
kita:b
......,'-'
milyo :n
riya:l
?alfe:n
C.
Substitution drills:
1.
fi: baladik
min baladi
fi: tsa. :d
J.%
ma: ha:thi.
min ?amri:k
ma: ba:rid
fi: baladna
min baladkum
ha :mi
2.
indana
matar
assahir
?indum
wata ha:m0.
1\.
247
ns
le
..158..
i'
ee
wata ba:rid
alyo:m
_
----
?inda-
tali
assana
N
0.
41
r
.1
l'
.-
It.
\
I
.
1
it
248
mi
71.59-
A 4.0.
I.
Ordinal Numbers
Dialogue:
The Movies
A._
41
v,
a..
.c
A.
B.
B.
fernande:1, hu,dahha:k&
/Fernandel, he is' very funny. /to'
A.
VocabUlary:
A
?akteir
Actor.
dahha:ki
249
-160-
film
Film.
sinema
/>
III. Grammar:
A.
Exercises:
A.
ddirib al?awwal
ta:ni wled
alwled atta:ni
ta:lit
alkita:b etta:lit
ra:bi beft
4
. albe:t arra:bi
xamis jabaA
ajjabal alxa :mis
-25u.
-161-
sa:dis barb
alba:b assa:dis
13.
Substitution drills:
1,
fi: nnaha:r
ba?d ba:kir
ti
fi: ?asiyya
nsawwi
fa'
fi: fajur
tsawwu
str.3)\110: alja:y
fi:'lle:1
ysawwi
?amba:kir
ysawwu
2,
belt
yi;i:fa
nisi :fa
fr.
safa:ra
ma:si:n tisi:fu
leko:l
nisi:fu
mu:ze:
251
n.
41A
-162-
dukka:ii
ma:si tisi:fa
sinema
C.
1,
?ali
4ssAw.1
B.
hawwa
maryam
B.
h,wwa wa MU:SO
4k,
r4