6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

HidayatunNahw
About
Definition:Itisasciencewithprincipleswithwhichareknownthecaseendingsof
the3typesofwordswhereitconcernsdeclinableandnondeclinablewordsand
themethodofhowtheyareorderedwitheachother.Theobjectiveistoavoid
mistakesinthespeechoftheArabs.
Itconcernstwoobjects:
:itisanutterancewithasinglemeaninganditcomprises3types:
1.

(itsdefinition)Ithasameaningwhichisnotdependantonanyofthe3
times:
(itssigns)are10:
1.
(Informationisgivenaboutit):ajudgementismade
aboutitduetoitbeingeithera:
2.(constructphrase):
3.:
4&5.
:

6.:
7.:
8.:
9.
:

10.
:
2.:Ithasameaningwhichisconnectedtooneof3timeframesandits
meaningisgivenbyits
(itssigns)are10:
1.Itgivesinformationaboutsomethinganditnotinformedabout.
25.Theenteringof

6.Itsformischangedtomakeit
7.Itcanbea
8.Theattachmentofthe(thevisiblenominative

pronoun):

9.The:

10.Thetwosofemphasis:

3.:Ithasnomeaninginitselfbutindicatesameaninginsomethingelse.
Itisnotspecificallyintendedsuchasratheritcomesontheside
()
(itssigns)
1.Noinformationisgivenaboutitnordoesitinformaboutanythingelse.
2.Noneofthesignsofthearepresent.
Itisusedtoconnect:
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

1/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

twos:
twos:

:
twosentences:

Others,seesectionof

Definition:speechinwhich2wordsarejoinedwithaconnectionbetween
them,fromonetotheother,sothatitformsacompletestatementor
sentence.

(thedeclinablenoun)
Itsprinciples:
1.Itiseverynounthatisjoinedwithsomethingelse(inasentence,notby
itself)anditdoesnotresembleanintrinsicwhichare:

2.Itsrulingsare:
thatitscaseendingchangesbydifferentseither:
explicitlyinspeech:
orinitsrulingasin:
orimplicitly:
(thecaseending)arethosethingsbywhichtheendofthe
changesanditof3types:andthesarethosethingsthat
effectthesecaseendings.
Onlythe
aredeclinedintheArabiclanguage
3.Thecategoriesofare9:
1.andthisisspecificfor

whicharethosewordsthatdon'tendinweakordoubleletters

unlessitendsinandtheletterbeforeitisalike

andthosewordswhichare(declinablebrokenplurals)like

2.andthisisspecificfor(sound

feminineplural)
3.TODO:linktodiptoteexplanationandthisis

specificfor(diptotes)
4.andthisisspecificfor6nounswhen

singularandnotintheirformnorconnectedwith
5.andthisisspecifictoduals

Theisalwaysanddropsin:
6.andthisisspecificfor

(soundmaleplural)andandthenumbersanditslikes.
Theisalwaysanddropsin:
7.:(withtheassumptionof

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

2/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

)andthisisspecifictowordsendingwithanandthewords
thatareotherthanthe:

8.andthisisspecifictothe

whicharethosewordsthatendinaaftera:

9.andthisisspecificto

(triptotes)Thesearemostnormalwordsthatdon'tcontainany2causes
ofthewordsor1oftheircausesotherthanthosethatcountfor2and
suchawordisalsocalledor:Anounthatisable(tobe
declined)anditsrulingisthatitacceptsthe3caseendingswith
oror(diptotes)thenounsforwhich
declensionhasbeenprevented.
Thesearewordscontaining2causesoutofthe9oronly1thattakesthe
placeof2
Theyacceptneithernora
The9causesare:
1.(change)
inthesewordstheformhaschangedfromitsoriginalexplicitlyor
implicitly
itwillnotcometogetherwithaformthatissimilartoabutitcancome
withan(propernounsoradescription).

Itcomprisestheseforms:

2.(adescription)
itsconditionisthatitwasusedasadescriptioninitsoriginalcoinage:

andhereisbecauseitwasnotoriginallyusedas
adescription.
itdoesnotcometogetherwithanoriginal(propernoun)however
namesmayhavebeenderivedfromwordsthatwereoriginally
descriptions:

3.(Thefeminineformwitha)
Itsconditionsareoneofthefollowing:
Itcomesasanbeitmaleorfemaleandforthefemaleitmaybe
implied:
Ifitcomesasanonforeign(=Arabic)of3letterswithainthe

middleitcancomeeitheras
:
Howeverifthenameisforeignitwillhavetobe
:
(namesof2villages)
Thefollowingtakestheplaceof2causesforbeingandthat
isifitcomeswith:
1.

:
2.:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

3/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

4.(definiteness)
Itreferstoananditcanjoinallothercausesexceptthe

5.

(foreign=nonArabic)
Itsconditionisthatisan(propernouninaforeignlanguage)
withitbeingeither:
longerthan3letters:butnot
duetoitnotbeingapropernoun

intheforeignlanguage
3letterslongwiththemiddlenotbeing

:butnotasits
middleis
6.(plural)
Itsconditionisthatitisfromthewhichcompriseswordswhich
haveaftertheironly2letters:oradoubledletter:or3

lettersthemiddleofwhichisforthosewordsthatdonotaccepta:

Italsotakestheplaceof2causesforbeing
7.(compoundword)
Itsconditionisthatisshouldbeanbutnotin(constructphrase)
norin(sentence?):

8.
Iftheyoccurinanitsconditionisthatitisan:
Iftheyoccurinathenitsconditionsisthatithasnofemale
counterpartwitha:

9.(Thepatternofaverb)
Itsconditionsisthatitisawordwithaformwhichisspecifictoverbs:

Whentheformisnotspecifictoverbsitsconditionisthatismuststart
withoneoftheandnotacceptingofa

Twocategorieshavewordsthatwilldeclinewhentheyare:

1.Thecauseswhichcontaintheconditionofduetotherenot
remainingacauseleft
2.Thosecausesthatonlyjoinwith1othercause:TODO:somemore
exampleshere
Awillcomewithallwordsthatarewhentheyoccurina
constructphrase,beitororhave:
(Thenominativewords)whichare8types:
1.:Itisancomingafterawhichisconnectedtoitinsucha
waythatisexistswithitandisnotacteduponit:
Everyhasawhichcanbe:
(clearlyvisible):inwhichcasethewillalwaysbesingular:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

4/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

Iftheisa(somethingwhichhasamalecounterpartfrom

livingthings)thewillalwaysbe:
unlessthereisaseparationinwhichcasethereisachoice:

Likewiseforthe:

Withbrokenpluralsconformingtothegenderisoptional:

(avisiblepronoun):
inwhichcasethewillfollowthe
numberofthe:andthegender:oritcanbe
(hidden):
Withbrokenpluralsconformingtothegenderisoptional:
Awillalsohavea:
Themaycomeafterthe:unlessbothare:

Duetocontexteithertheandalsothemaybeomittedsuchasin
repliestoquestions:.
Themaybecomea:Itwilltaketheplaceofthewitha

:
When2sdisputeoverasinglethefollowingapplies:
Thereare4possiblecombinationsofdispute:
1.Theonly:
2.Theonly:
3.

:
4.:
Inthesecaseseitherofthesmaytakeaction
disagreesandallowsonlythesecondtotakeoverinsituation1
and3,duetothenecessityof1of2thingsthatarenotallowed:
1.Deletionofthe
2.Mentioningthebeforementioningwhatitrefersto.
TheBasrisgivepreferencetotheseconddoingonthebasisof
proximity.
Herethefirstmaybeinneedofabywayofaaccordingly:
and
LINK:Ifthefirstisfromtheitsmustbevisible:
elseitmaybedeletedasinsituation2and4.
TheKufisgivepreferencetothefirstdoingonthebasisoffirst
comefirstserve
Herethesecondmaybeinneedofa:

Ifbothsarenotfromthethentheofthesecond
mayeitherbedeletedorcomeasa:
2.or
(Theobjectwherethesubjectisnotmentioned):

anditfollowsthesamerulesregardingtheagreementofnumberand
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

5/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

genderasthenormal
3.
Theyarewithoutanyexplicitbutanimpliedoneof(Thestart):

Theisoriginallyanda(existsindependently)
Itcanbeawhenitcomesaftera:
Theisoriginallyanda(needssomethingelsetoexist)
Howeverifthehasaorotherspecificationitmaycomeasa:

TODO:includebahtonmakinganakiratspecific/specialwhichwill
explaintheexamples
Itcanalsooccurasa:
andherethewillbeconnectedtoanimplieddeletedverb
suchas
Thesesentenceswillallneedathatrefersbacktothebutthis
maybedeletedduetocontext:

(Thewheat,a

measure(ofit)costs60dirham)anddeletedfromitisthe:
Itmayalsobebroughtforward:
Theremaybemorethan1:
Ifbothwordsarethentheycanbearrangedeitherway:
5.andits5sistersare:

Theyenteruponaandmakethemrespectively:

Bringingthebeforeitsisnotallowedexceptwitha:

6.TODO:linktosectionunder

Theseverbsenteruponaandrenderthem
respectively:
Themayprecedetheandeventheverbitselfexceptwiththeverbs
thatstartwith:
Thereisaboutwhetherthisisallowedwith
7.thatresemble
isusedforbutisspecificallyusedfor:

8.(Thelathatnegatesthewholegenus)
Itisa
:
andtheyareof12types:
1.
Itisawiththemeaningofaprecedingverbanditisusedfor3things:
:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

6/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

:
(tospecifythetypeofaction)usingthescaleof

(tospecifythenumberofactions)usingthescaleof:

Itmaycomefromadifferentwordoraslongasithasasimilarmeaning
astheverbthatisused:
Theverbmaybedeletedduetocontextlikeitissaidtoonearriving:
from
Theverbmustbedeletedduetocommonusage:for

2.(Theobject)
Itisanuponwhichtheactionofaverbfalls:
TODO:linktosectionabove:Itmayprecedethe:
Deletingtheverb:
maybedoneduetocontextsuchasansweringaquestion:

mustbedonein4cases:
1.Duetocommonusage:
fororfor

andotherphrasesthatcanbededuced
likethis.

2.(Warning)whereitisunderstoodwithanimplied
:

anditmayalsobementionedwithrepetition:
3.Ontheconditionthatitisfollowedbyanexplanation:andthis
typehasmanybranches.
LINK:toothersection(s)onthevocative4.(thevocative)
Thereare5particles:seeundertherelevantsectionofTODO
Theoftheinthefollowingcasesis:
orwhenseekinghelporlamenting:
!

Uponitsnormalwhenitcomes:
asasinglewordsuchas

:aslongasthe
intendedpersonisknown
withinwhichcaseitwillalsoneed
or
added:

with
:

whenitresembles:

whenitisaunspecifiedlikeablindmanwouldsay:

With(apocopeorabbreviation)itcanbeeitheror
withitsoriginalafterremovingthelastlettersofaname:When
calling
:

Theparticlehasthemeaningof
Itmaybeomittedinspeech:
TODO:betterexample
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

7/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

Itisalsousedformourningandwailingtogetherwithwhichis
specificallyforit:andtherulingforitsisthesame
asforthenormal
3.
Itcontainseithera(timeorplace)fortheactionoftheanditis
calleda
:
has2types:
1.(unlimited):
2.(limited):
Itisduetotheassumptionofbeforeit:for

has2types:
1.(unlimited):
Itisduetotheassumptionofbeforeit:
2.(limited)buthereitisnecessarytobringitwith:
4.
Itexplainsthereasonfortheaforementionedanditisduetothe
assumptionofa:for
5.
:
Itiswhatcomesafterawiththemeaningof
Iftheisexplicitandifis...
allowedthenthecangobothways:

notallowedthenithastobe:
Iftheisimplicitandifis...
allowedthenithastousethe:
notallowedthenithastobe:
6.
Indicatesthestateoftheorthe,orboth:

Itsmaybeimplied,suchaswithoromittedcompletely:
withtheverbdeletedor:whichmeans:

Itsisaoraoranywordthatcanhavethemeaningofa:
withthemeaningof
TODO:includelistandexplainmore?
Itmaybedeletedduetocontextasissaidtothetraveller:withthe
verbdeleted.
Itisalwaysandthemostly.
Whentheisitmustprecedethe:toavoid
confusionofitbeinga:(Isawamanwhowasinthestateof
riding)asopposedto:(Isawamalerider?)TODO:check
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

8/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

translationsofthese
Itmayalsobea:
7.
Itisandspecifiesanunclearorunspecifiedamountof:
numbers:
volume/weight/measure:

area/distance:

typeofmaterial(rare):
Itisusuallyin

:
somethingelse:(Uponthedateisitslikeinweightof
butter)
Itcanalsocomeafteratoclearupconfusion:

8.

Itismentionedafteranditssistersanditexcludessomethingfromthe
(thatwhichisbeingexcludedfrom)
Ithas2types

whenthewasapartofthe:

orwhenthewasnotpartofthe:
Itdeclinesin4ways:
1.ifitis:

1a.
andcomesafterwitha(positivestatementnota

negative,questionorprohibition):
1b.

1c.broughtforwarduponthe:
1d.Afteraccordingtothemajorityofgrammarians
1e.After:
etc.couldalsobeusedasverb,renderingthe
accordinglyasa.

23.Afterwitha(negativestatementorprohibitionorquestion)
andtheis....

mentioned:itcanbeorofthe

(notmentioned):Accordingtothenormalwithout
:

4.accordingtothemajorityifitisafter:

Theofwillfollowthethatthewouldhavewith:
TODOallexamples?
wasinitiallycoinedasa(otherthan)butcanalsobeusedfor

exclusionandlikewisehassometimesbeenusedforawiththe

meaningof:asusually
isusedforuniversalconcepts(which
aregroupsofthings).
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

9/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

9.ofanditssisters
Itbecomesthe
:
Itsrulingsarethesameasfortheofaexceptthatamayprecede
the

:
10.anditssisters

Itbecomesthe
:

11.fornegationofthewholegenus
Itbecomesthe
Itmaycomeasa
:oritcanresembleit:

Ifitcomesasasingleitwillhavea
:
Ifitcomesasaorawithsomethingbetweenitanditwillbe
andwillhavetobementionedagainwithanotherwhichwillfollowthe

same

:
Themaybedeletedduetocontext:for
12.ofthatresemble
Itbecomesthe

:andthisisforthelanguageofthe
peopleof.

Itsactionisnegatedifitcomesafter:
orwhentheisbrought

beforethe:orifhasbeenadded:
Inthelanguageofthedon'thaveanyactionfromtheoutset.

Itcomprisestheonly.Initiscontainedanexplicit:or
animplicitone:for:
Fromthearedeletedthefollowing:orwhattakesitsplacelike

:
Thereare2typesof
inwhichtheisnotaandthiscontainsthemeaningofa

beita:

Itsbenefitisknowingthetobewhentheisorto
havesomethingspecifiedwhentheis:
:Thehereisaconnectedtotheworditaffectswithseparation
andeasingpronunciationitsgoal:

Whena(anwithoutany)orTODOismadeto
theendreceivesaandtheeithera:
Ifanendswithanitremains:contrarytowhatclaims:

Ifanendswithantheyareassimilatedduetoandthe
receivesaasinthecasewith:

Ifanendswithanitischangedintoaandbecomeslikethe
othercases:

becomefollows:oraccordingtoa

someandwhennotinantheyarehowever

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

10/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

someandwhennotinantheyarehowever
alwayscomesinanbutnottoaexceptinrarecases:TODO
example?
(followers:andtheirdeclensionisnotduetoanyactingonthem,but
solelyduetofollowingaprecedingword)
1.(or)
itdescribes:
aqualityofthefollowedword:.Itfollowsthein10things:
13.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
somethingconnectedtoit:(Amancame,whosefather
wasknowledgeable).Itonlyfollowsinthefirst5items:(

:(:

Notanorcanabea
itsuses:
1.specifyingthewhenitis.Notethatthemayalsobea
/:
2.clarifyingthewhenitis:
3.forpraiseonly:
4.forridicule/dispraise:
5.foremphasis:(:)

2.(or)
Itattributestothewhatisattributedtoits.Itsconditions:
Thatthisattributioniswhatisintendedasitmightalsobe:
TODO:example
Thatoneofthe10isbetweenitandits:
Iftheisapronoun,thehastoberepeated:

:Ruleofthumb:onlyifthecanbeasubstituteforthe
thenitwillfollowitinbeingeithera
elseitcan't.
TODO:exampleofthecontrary?
Twosoftwodifferentsmaybejoinediftheis:

:Itisallowedbyevenwhenitisnotbut
doesn'tallowanyofthis.
3.
Itisusedtofirmlyestablishanattributeoftheortoindicatethatevery
part/individualofauniversalconceptfallsunderthesameruling.
1.(explicitly):Byrepeatingthefirstword:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

11/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

2.(implicitly):Byusinganumberofwords:

forsingulars,dualsandpluralsbychangingtheformandits

pronoun:
anda
mustbe
broughtwithitsform:

forthemasc.andfem.duals

.forotherthandualsbychangingthefor

andtheformintheothers:

Onlyforthosewordsthatcomprisepartseitherphysicallyorlegally:

Thewordsfromonwardscanonlycomeafterandnotbeforeit
norwithoutit.
4.(appositionorsubstitution)heretheistheactualintendedobject
insteadoftheandithas4types:
1.anditreferstothewholeofthe:
2.anditreferstopartofthe:

3.whichreferstosomethingthatisattachedtothe

:
4.whichisonlyinspeechtocorrectamistake:
Onlyinthecasewhenyouhaveaandaitmustcomewitha

::

5.:heretheisnotaofthebutratheraclarificationwiththe
morefamousof2namesforsomethingandtheistheintendedobject:

Itmaybeconfusedwithinthemeaningofasentence,dependingon
whethertheintendedobjectistheorthe

Itmaynotbeconfusedexplicitlyasin:

(herecannot

substitute)
(alsoknownas
)
Ithas2typesofwords:
1.Wordsthatcomebythemselvesandarepotentiallybutaloneare
upon,,,,:
2.Wordsthatresembletheinthattheywereneveroriginally
butonlyreceiveameaningwithacontextliketheoriftheyhaveless
than3lettersoriftheycontainthemeaningofasuchas:

Itsrulingisthattheendoftheworddoesnotchangewhendifferentsact
uponit.
Ithas8categories:
1.(pronouns)
Thesearewordsthatreferbacktothe1st,2ndor3rdpersoniftheyhave
beenpreviousmentionedexplicitly,implicitlyoraccordingtotheruling
(TODOexplainruling)
Ithas2types:
1.:Thesearealwaysconnectedtoanotherwordandtheycanbe

:
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

12/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

:
Thereare2hiddenforthestateinthe:and5in
the:anditisgenerallyhiddenwhen
itcomesasa(TODOexplain)
2additionalshavebeenidentifiedthatcreateattentioninthe
audience:whichexplainsthematterathand:(
)and
whichexplainsastory:

2.:Theycomealoneandcanbe
:
Itmayonlybeusedifthereisadifficultyinusingthe(

):

Aisinsertedbetweenaandeitheraor
withtoavoidconfusionofitbeingapairwhichwould
beanincompletesentence:
2.
Theyare5wordsfor6meanings

For:anditsdual:
For

:anditsdual:

For:
isusedforthingsthatarenear,forfarandforinbetween.
Theyareprefixedwithtocreateattention:
Theycanhavethe(the2ndpersonpronouns)attachedtotheir
endings:
Whichresultsin5x5=25differentwords.
3.
Itcanonlybeunderstoodwithitscorrespondingwhichiscalledits
andmustcontainan(somethingthatrefersback)tothe:

For
:andforitsdual:

andits

For
:anditsdual:

andits

Others:

ofwhichthelatter2are

Thewiththemeaningof
whenitsisa:

Thetribecalledalsouseinthemeaningof
:

withthemeaningof

Themaybeomittedifitcomesasa
:for
areexceptwhenthebeginningoftheirhasbeendeleted:
TODO:example
4.(Nounverbs)

Thesearenounsinthemeaningofan

:for

and

for

Alsocomesonthescaleof
withthemeaningofandtheseare

deduciblefromthetriliteralverbs:

forand

for

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

13/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

However,thisscaleisalsousedfora
:forora

femininedescriptionwhenusedwiththevocativeonly:

for


oritisanactualfemininename:
5.(Onomatopoeia),wordsthatdescribesounds:foracrowor
wordsusedforcallinganimals:

tomakeacamelsit.
6.(compoundnouns):wordsmadebyjoining2wordsthatarenot
related
Ifthesecondwordcontainsathewordsarewitha:
elsethemosteloquentwayistogivethefirstaandthesecond
accordingto

:
7.(placeholders):wordsthatindicateanunknownquantityor

reference:and
(suchandsuch/blahblah)butfor
namesare

isof2types:
1.:whatfollowsisasingular:
2.:isfollowedbyasingularorplural!

anditindicatesamyriad
mayenterbothtypes:

Themaybedeletedduetocontext:forand

for
Itmaybeimpliedtobeindifferentstatesof:
Itcanbeifitis:
ofaverbthatfollowsitwhichdoesn'talreadyhaveaas
:

:(
(asa

Itcanbeifitisprecededbyaora:

Itwillbeotherwiseandtheneithera:
orawhenitisa
:

8.:Theindiclinableadverbs
Theyareofseveraltypes:


1.Whencutoffromtheirwhentheisomitted:

(TODO:examples)butonlyifthisisintendedbythespeakerelseit
maybe

2.isusuallytoaandsometimestoasingleword:

forandtheconditionforTODOisthatitis
toa
3.givesameaningforfutureifitcomeswithaanditcontainsthe
meaningofaconditionandaftermaycomea:
butpreferably:
Itisalsousedfor(surprise)afterwhichacomes:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

14/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

Itisalsousedfor(surprise)afterwhichacomes:

4.isusedfortheandcanbefollowedbya:

5.

usedforin
:andcanalsoindicatea

condition:

6.for:
7.forquestioningaboutastate:for
8.
forquestioningaboutatime:
?

9.
andtheycaneitherindicatethestartofatimeortotalduration
ofatime:asreplydependingonhow
thequestionwasasked.
10.

inthemeaningof:withthedifferencethatdoes
notrequiretheactualpresenceofthethingmentioned:TODOexample

11.:negatesthepastentirely:

12.
:negatesthefutureentirely:

13.withaasitissaidbythepeopleof

Ifaismadetoaitmayreceivea
:andlikewise

whentheycomewith

Conclusion
Principlesaccordingtowhichanbecomes:
1.Anisof2types:
1.(definite):Thatthathasbeencoinedforsomethingandithas6
types:
1.(pronouns)
2.(propernouns):Thatwhathasbeencoinedforsomethingand
cannotbedescribedwithanyothersingleword
3.(unspecifiedthings):(demonstrativepronouns)and
(relativepronouns)
4.
5.Atoanyoftheabovein
6.:Whatisspecifiedbycalling
2.(indefinite):Whathasbeencoinedforsomethingunspecified:

2.(Thenumbers):Whathasbeencoinedtoindicatethequantityof
singularthingsandithas12basicwords:
1and2agreewiththegenderofthecountedobject:

Theyoccurasandthereisnoasthewordsthemselvesdonot
needthenumbertobementioned:
3till10disagreewiththegenderofthe
:

Theisandpluralexceptforwhereitmayremainsingular:
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

15/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

10till19inwhichthewillbesingular:

With20andabovethemaleandfemaleformsarethesame:

100andaboveinwhichthewillbesingularand
:

Combiningnumbers:Firstcomethethousands,thenhundreds,then
singulars,thentens:

3.Thegenderofan
Itismasculinebydefaultorfeminineaccordingto:
Explicitsigns:a:oran:oran:

Implicitsigns:asindicatedbytheirdiminutive:

Femininityofaniseitherwhereawordhasanactualmale
counterpart:orotherwise:
4.Duals:nounsthathaveattachedtotheirendinganandawitha
beforethem:
Forthenouns,ifanwasoriginallyathenitwillreturn:
elseitwillbecomea:
Thenouns,ifthewasoriginallythereitremains:
andifit

wasforfemininityitbecomesa:andifitreplacesaora
itmayeitherstayorchange:
Themustbedeletedfroma:

Ifadualistoanotherdualthenthefirstmustbechangedtoa:

5.Plurals
Toindicatemultipleentitiesbyeitherchangingawordorbyintendingitfor

wordswhosesingularsandpluralsarethesame:
andwordslike

eveniftheyrefertosingleentities.
:whentheycontainthesameformofthesingularword:

Masculine:Itendswith

Forthetheisdeleted:andforthetheis
deletedandabeforeittakesitsplace:
anditisspecificfor
intelligentbeing.
Theisdeletedfroma:

Feminine:Itendswith:
butonlywhentalkingaboutagroupthat
containsnomaleselseitwillbeandalsonotwhenthesingular
containsno:unlessitisnota:

(brokenplurals):Theyareonmanypatternsforthetriliteralswhichare
:andforthequads:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

16/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

:andforthequads:

Pluralsthemselvesarealsoof2types:
andthisisusedforlessthen

10andisonthepatternsof:

andtheisusedfor

above10.TODO:checkcorrectnessandaddexamples
6.(verbalnoun):Theyindicateanoccurrenceandfromthemverbsare
derived.Theirformarefortheroottriliteralverbsbutdeductibleforthe

Ifitisnotathenlikeitsverbitcanmakeits:
orits:butneitherofthemmayprecedethe

anditcanalsobeatoboth:

Ifitisathenonlytheverbbeforeitdoestheaction:

7.:Itisthenounfortheonethatperformstheactionoftheverb
Itisonthescaleoffortheregulartriliteralsandforthethe

istakenthenthereplacedby
andthesecondtolastletteris
givena

:

Itdoestheactionofafornounsthatareindefinite:
ifitcomesinthemeaningofpresentorfuturetenseitcanrepresenta:
:
:
:

:
:
:
Forthepasttenseitmustbea:

Thedefiniteformcanbeusedforalltenses:

8.(theobject):Anounindicatingwhomtheactionoftheverbsfalls
upon
Itcomesintheregulartriliteralsonthescaleof:explicitlyor
implicitly:

orsimilartotheofthebutwith
onthe

secondtolastletter:

Itdoestheactionofthepassiveverbwiththesameconditionsofthe
:
9.
(nounderivedfromanadjective):Itaffirmsthequalityofthe
verbforsomething

Itspatternisnotfixedbut

Itactioncanoccurin18(2x3x3)differentsituations:Itcomeswithor
withoutandthentheaffectedwordisaoritcomeswithorwithout
andthatwordcanthenhavethe3regularcaseendings:

andsimilarly:

TODO:the5differenttypesof
10.(thecomparativeandsuperlative):Anounthatindicatesfor
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

17/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

somethingthatithasmoreofaqualitythansomethingoreverythingelse.
Forregulartriliteralsnotindicatingcoloursordefectsitisonthescaleof
:

Forverbsindicatingcoloursordefectsorithastobeconstructed
withanotherfromtheregulartriliteralsfollowedbytheofthat
verbbeingasa

Itisusuallyusedforthebutsometimesforthe:
Itisusedin3ways:
2forthecomparative:
asawheremakingthenumbercorrespondisoptional:

with:
andherethemustalwaysbemale

singular:
Thesuperlativewith
:andherethenumbermustcorrespond:

1.
Thepasttense:whatoccurredbeforeyourtimeanditisuponaunless
itcomeswithapronounorainwhichcaseitendsinaor

respectively:

2.
Itstartswithoneofthelettersof
Thesearewithintheandthewhichhave4lettersintheir

:andtheywillhaveinallothers.

Maybeprecededby

:(oror)whichonly

appliestothepresent.
Itgivesthemeaningofjoiningthepresentwiththefuturelikethewhich
iswhyitiscalled(thesimilarone).
Whenprecededbyor
itdenotesthefutureandmayalsobeprefixed

withthe
TODO:Needclarificationonsectiononoriginofverbsanditsiraab
Itdeclinesin4ways:
1.forverbsforthesingularformotherthanthesecondperson
1.witha
2.witha
3.witha
2.for
andthesingularsecondpersonbeitornot:
1.witha
:
2.andbyomittingthe:
3.fortheverbsexceptfortheforms
1.withanimplied

:
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

18/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

2.withanexplicit
:

3.bythedeletionofthe3rdradical:

4.fortheverbsexceptfortheforms

1.withanimplied:
2.withanimplied:
3.bythedeletionofthe3rdradical:

:Itscauseisimpliedbytheabsenceofanythingthatcauses
:Itiscausedby5particles:

1.:

After(toknow)itdoesnotmakeaverbasimpliesawishor
desire(somethingunknown)whereaswhatfollowsafterissomething
definitelyknown:TODO

After(tothink)youcanchoosetomakeaverbornot:

2.
:

3.

4.

5.
(implied)andthisoccursin7places:

1.After

2.
With:

maybeexplicitlymentionedhere:

mustbeexplicitlymentionedwhenitcomeswith:(lest)
TODO:betterexample
3.With
whichisusedintoemphasizeanegative:

TODO
4.Withthethatoccursin:

:
5.Withthethatcomeswithalloftheaforementioned:

6.Afterthatcomeswiththemeaningof

(unless)
7.Afterwhentheisaclear

:because

rendersitinthemeaningofaan
maybeexplicitlymentionedhere:

(Thejussiveverb)
(negations)
:Thischangesthemeaningfromthepresenttensetothepastnegative
tense
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

19/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

:idembutthereisanexpectationoftheactionafteritandaduration
beforeit:
.Themaybedeletedwith
only:

(Theconditionalwords):Itisathatentersupon:
(aconditionandconsequence)

Theyare:

Rules

Ifbothandarethenbothhavetobe

Nothingchangesifbothare:
Ifonlytheisthenthemustbe

Ifonlytheisthecanoptionallybe
:

In4casesthehastostartwith
Exceptin2cases:
Iftheiswithoutthenthemaynotstartwitha:

asalsoin:(:)

Iftheisintheaffirmative()oritmayoptionally
startwith

:
1.Whentheiswith:TODO
2.Whentheis::TODO
3.Whentheisa:TODO
maytaketheplaceofthe:TODO
4.Whentheisabeitoneof:
:TODO
:TODO

maybeassumedwith5verbswhenyouintendthatthefirstpartis
thecauseforthesecond:

1.

2.

:
3.

4.

5.(suggestion):

6.Andalsowithinsomeplaces:

andthe

assumptionofatthebeginningwillpreventyoufromsaying:

3.
Rules:
Itisformedbyremovingtheandifitisfollowedbya
thenbyaddingawhichgetsaifthethirdletterhasthis

aswell:

elseitgetsa

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

20/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

aswell:

elseitgetsa

itdoesn'tneeda

isfromthistypeas
comesoriginallyfrom
Itisuponitsform.
Passiveverbs(

or)
Inittheisdeletedandthetakesitsplaceandthisisspecificto
transitive(
)verbs
Itssigns:
Intheverbsthesecondtolastletterhasaandoneoffollowing:
Onlythe1stletterhasainthoseswherethefirstletterisnota

The1stand2ndletterhaveainthoseswherethefirstletterisa

The1standthe3rdletterhaveainthoseswherethefirstletterisa

:andthewillonlyhavetheifitisnot

assimilateddueto.
Inthe,thehasaandthesecondtolastletterhasa

:
Exceptforthoseswheretheispresentbydefaultsotheonlysign

willbethe

::
Exception:verbs:
:thewillhavea

:andTODO

:thewillhavetheinsteadofthe

(Intransitive):Whentheactiononlyaffectsthe

(Transitive):whentheactionfallsuponotherthanthe:anditcan
have...

oneonly:

:andthismaybeshortedtoonly1:
or

exceptfor

or3s:

andtheother6verbsforwhichthisispossible

are:

Thesemayalsobeshortedtothefirstonly:

The2ndandthe3rdarelikethe
inthattheymustoccur
together,notonlyoneofthem.
:
:Theyenteruponaandbotharemade

Theyare:

Itsspecialproperties:

Themaynotbeshortenedtoasingleaswith

Themaybeomittediftheverbfallsbetweenoraftera:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

21/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

Itmaybeattachedtothefrontof:

:
Theandthemaybothbeattachedpronouns:

Someverbscancomewithadifferentmeaningandonlyonein
whichcasetheywillnolongerbefrom

:TODOtranslation?
:Socalledbecausetheyonlyindicatethetime,notthemeaningofthe
verb'sandtheycomewitha
Theyare:

etc...

Theyenterupona:

comesinthreeforms:
1.:Thisindicatesthattheappliestotheeitherinthepast,
perpetualorthatithasdiscontinued:TODO

2.
:itwillhavethemeaningof

3.:itisextraandomittingitwillnotchangethemeaningofthesentence:
TODO
isusedtoindicateatransition:

areused...

toindicatethetimeofthesentencethatfollows:
withthesamemeaningas
:
Aswheretheywillhavethemeaningof

:indicatethetimeoftheattachedsentence,dayornight:
and
theyalsocomewiththemeaningof

indicatethecontinuationoftheexistenceofthe

withregardstothe:anditmustcomewitha
indicatestheestablishmentofsomethingforthetimethatitspersists:

indicatesanabsolutenegationofthemeaningofasentenceforeitherthe

presenttimeoratalltimes:andrefertotheothernoteson
:Theyindicatetheclosenessoftheinregardstotheandthey
areof3types:
1.(foranticipation)with:

thisverbisonlyusedintheanditsactionislikeexceptthatits
isawith:(Zaidmightstand)wherehereisa
andmayalsobedeleted.
themayalsoprecedethe:inwhichcaseitwillbe
withoutneedingaashereistheof
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

22/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

2.(forsettingin/occurring)with:
:Itsisawithout:(Zaidwasabouttostand)and
mayenterthe
3.(withthemeaningofstarting/beginningcontainedinthe
verbs)andtheyare:

Theyareusedlike

anditislike
(Theverbofwonder/amazement)

itcomesintwoformsforthoseverbswhichhaveaform:
:

whichisderivedfrominwhichisthe

:
hereistheaccordingto
itwillbeobtainedwithotherssuchasthelikeso:

bringingforwardtheortakingthebackorinsertinganything
betweenthetwoareallnotallowed,buthasallowedallowedinsertinga

(Verbsofpraiseanddispraise)
2verbsfor:

itsisa:oritcanbeatothat:

ifitsisaitmustbespecifiedwithaintheformofa:
orwith:
andhereiscalled

itcomprisestheasanditsas
:

themayswitchplaceswitha:

:
2verbsfordispraise:

andtheyarebothusedexactlylike

(Theparticles)
1.:Itisplacedtoattaintheresultofanandwhatresemblesitoran

impliedtowhatfollowsit.Thereare19:
1.
:Itisused:

:toindicatethestarttowardsanobjectiveorend:

:forclarificationwhereitmaybereplacedby:TODO
:indicatingaportionofpieceofsomethingwhereitmaybereplacedby

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

23/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

:
:extrawherethemeaningisthesamewhenitisleftout:and
theBasrisclaimitisnotallowedin(positive/affirmative)statements,so

onlyforcontrarytowhatKufissay.
2.anditindicatestheconclusionoftheobjectiveorendandsomethingithas
themeaningof:TODO

3.
:anditissimilarto

:anditoftenhasthemeaningof

:andithastocomewithanexplicitwordandnotwitha
contrarytowhatorsomepoetshavesaid.

4.:itisusedasa(preposition):andsometimesithasthe
meaningof:TODO
5.anditisfor
1.:closenessinreality:orforpassingby:(mywalking
passedclosebytheplaceofZaid)
2.:forseekingaid:
3.forexplanationorcausality:
4.:forcompanionship:

5.:forexchange:TODO:betterexamplehere
6.:tomakeanintransitiveverbtransitive:
7.
:asapreposition:
8.:whereitcomesextraandthemeaningisunderstoodbyignoringitin
thefollowingcases:
:
:
:usedtraditionallyfora:and

:orfora

:(throwhishandthrowhimself)
6.isused

:forspecifyingpossession:

:
:TODO
withthemeaningofwhereitisusedwitha:TODO
withthemeaningof
(forswearinganoath):TODO
7.
isusedforindicatingsmallnumberssimilartohowindicateslarge
numbers:

itmaycomewithonlythemalesingularwitharegardless
ofitsnumberorgender:
theKufishoweverclaimthehastocorrespondtothenumberand
genderofthe:
itmaycomewithwhichblockstheeffectofanditentersupona

:TODO
8.
:TODO
9,10,11.whichareusedforswearinganoathbysomethingfollowed
byornearwhatisconfirmed.
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

24/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

Theyare:
9.itisonlyforclearnounsandnotfora
:TODO
10.:itisonlyfortobeusedwithorsometimesin:

11.:itisforclearnounsaswellasa:
Ifasentencestartswiththeseparticlesthentheyarefollowedbyasentence
called
Whenitisaffirmativeitmusthaveawhenitis:
or
for
:

Whenitisnegativeitmustcomewith:and
sometimesitisdeleted:TODO
Itcanalsofallinthemiddleorafterwhatisindicatedat:
12isusedforpassingoverorthrough:

Itcancomewith
afterwhichwillthenmean(besides):

13.isusedforbeingoverorabovesomething:

Itcancomewith
afterwhichwillthenmean(above):
14.(forresemblance):anditcanalsocomeorasan

itself:TODO
15,16.

whichindicateeitherastartingtimeinthepast:
(I

haven'tseenhimsincethemonthofRajab)oratimeperiodinthepresent:

(Ihaven'tseenhimthesemonthsorthesedays)
17,18,19.:theyindicate(exclusion):

2.
(Particlesresemblingverbs)
Theyenterupona
Theyare6:
1.

Doesn'tchangethemeaningofthesentencebutonlyemphasizesit
Canonlybeused:
atthebeginningofa
aftera:
Emphasizingahastobedonewithainstead:

Thismustbepresentwhenhasbeenlightenedto
:TODO

butitmayalsobeomitted?
Itcanalsoenteruponverbs

uponthemaybedonebyeither
:

2.:

Thisisusedwhentheemphasizedwordisa:
:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

25/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

:
:

:
After
:
After
:
Itmayalsobelightenedsimilarlytoandthenitentersupona

andwiththeformertheverbsmustcomewith

:
3.isusedfor(resemblance)andmadeupof
withthe

changedinto:

Itmayalsobelightenedwhichwillpreventitsaction:

4.
isusedfor(rectification)anditcomesbetweentwosentences

thataredifferentinmeaning:

itmaycomewitha
:

itmaybelightenedwhichwillpreventitsaction:
5.isusedfor
(wish/desire):(IwishZaidwasstanding)
hasallowedtomean:

6.
isusedfor(hope):

itmaygiveinrarecases:

Rules:
Theymayhaveattachedwhichstopstheiractionanditisusedwithverbs:

3.(particlesthatjoin)andtheyare10
14:

:Theseareforjoiningthewithitsintheirruling.
isforabsolutejoining:
isforasuccessionwithoutdelay:(ZaidstoodupandthenAmr)

isforasuccessionwithadelay:
(ZaidenteredandAmr
followedshortlyafter)

islike
withtheconditionsthatitsispartofitsandit
indicatesits:
strengthening:(Thepeopledied,eventheProphets)
weakening:
(Thepilgrimwalkedeven?Inthecrowd)
57:
:Theseareforestablishingsomethingambiguouswhichisoneof
twothingsandnotanyoneinparticular:

isonlyanifhascomebeforeinthesentence:

(A
numberiseithermanyor1?)
anditmayalsocomebefore

:(Zaidiseitherliterateor
illiterate)
whenusedinaquestiontheanswerhastobe
:as
thequestionerwantsconfirmationofthecomingofeitheroneandnot
aboutwhoexactlycame.
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

26/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

isof2types:
1.(connected/continued/persistent)andwithitthequestionercan
confirmsomethingfromanambiguityanditisusedwith3conditions:
1.Thatitcomeswitha:
2.Thewordafterthemustbesimilartothewordafterinitbeing
an:
3.Theanswermustbeaffirmingoneofthetwothingsmentionedinthe
question.
2.Itwillmeanwithanditisusedtorectifyaprevious
statement:Youthinkyouseeacamelfromfarthendoubtcomestoyou
andyousay:withthemeaningof
Thisisonlyusedintheasmentionedorinaquestion:
(IsZaidwithyouorratherisAmr?)whereyouabandonZaidand
reallyonlyaskaboutAmr

810.:Theseareallusedtoaffirmoneoftwothings.
isforTODO
isforabandoningthefirstandaffirmingthesecond:
(ZaidandKhaliddidn'tcome)

isforrectificationandanegationmusteithercomeafterorbeforeit:

4.(Theparticlesforreminding/alerting)andtheyare3:
12.Theyonlyenterupona:TODO
3.itentersuponasentence:orasingleitem:
5.(Particlesforcalling)andtheyare5:

12.

arefornearby
34.areforfaraway
5.whichisforbothnearandfar
6.(Theparticlesofanswering)andtheyare6:
1.isforconfirmingwhatprecedesitwhetheriswasaaffirmativeornegative
statement.
2.istoconfirmwhatprecededasanegativequestionorstatement:

(Zaiddidstand).
3.isforconfirmingaquestionedanditmustbefollowedbyswearinganoath:

46.andtheyareusedtoconfirmhavingfaithinwhathasbeensaid

before.
7.(Theparticlesthatcomeextra)

1.anditisaddedto
:
andsometimesto:andwith
:TODO

2.anditisaddedto
fortime:TODOandbetweenwhichhasanoaththat

precedesit:
3.anditisaddedtotheconditionalparticles
suchas

andalsoaftersome

in:
suchas

4.anditisaddedtoafteranegation:andafter:
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

27/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

TODOandaftertheverbtoswearanoath:TODO
57.
:seetheirsectionunder

8.(The2explanatoryparticles):bywhichyoustartanexplanation
ofsomethingthatprecedesit.
9.

12.theseareonlyusedfora:TODO

3.isusedfora

:withthemeaningof(Iknewabout

yourstanding)
45.havebeenincludedinthisgroupbysome.
10.(Particlesusedforencouragement)
Theyareplacedatthebeginningofasentenceandonlycomewithaand
arecomposedofaprefixedwitha

12.

Itisforencouragementwitha
:

Itisforblamewitha:

Thecouldalsobeimpliedifitisfollowedbyan:withthe

meaningof
34.:TODO:examples
These2canalsocarryanothermeaning,namelytoindicatethepreventionof
thesecondsentenceduetotheexistenceofthefirst:andin

thiscasethefirstsentencewillalwaysbe
11.
(Theparticleofexpectation):
Withaitindicates
(nearnessintime):(TheAmeerwasridingjustashortwhile
ago)andthereforeitissometimesalsocalled(particleof
nearness)
(emphasis)ifitisusedtoconfirmaquestion:
Withaitindicates

(infrequentoccurrence):

(confirmation):TODO

Theremaybeabetweenitanditsverb:
Sometimesthethatfollowsisdeletedduetocontext:TODO
12.(The2interrogativeparticles)
12.andtheycomeatthebeginningofspeechfollowedbyeithera
:andusagewithisthemostcommon.
Themayoccurincertainplaceswheremaynot,someofthemare:

1.Withan:
2.Forvoicingdisapproval:
3.With:

4.With

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

28/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

13.(Conditionalparticles)andtheyenterupontwosentenceswhere
eitheronecanbea

1.anditisusedforthefutureevenitcomeswitha:
Theverbmayalsobeimplied:
Itisonlyusedfordoubtfulmattersbecauseforexpectedthingsyouwould
use:
Ifitoccurswithaprecedingitthentheverbmustbeeitherexplicitly
orimplicitly:
Herethesecondpartisthewhichhastocomewithafor
positivestatementsorfornegativestatementsbutthesemaybe
omittediftheoccursinthemiddleofthesentence:.
2.isusedforthepastevenitcomeswitha:
Likeitsverbmayalsobeimplied
Itindicatesthenegationofthesecondsentencecausedbythenegationof
thefirst.
3.
isusedforelaboratingwhatprecededitasasummary::

Itmustcomewiththeinits
Themustbecausedbywhatisbeforeit.
Themaybedeletedaslongasisalsodeletedintheotherpart:

whichmeans:

14.(Thepreventativeparticle):
Itcomestopreventthespeakerfrom:TODO

Itcanbeusedasareplytoan:whichmeans:

Itcancomewiththemeaningof
(indeed):TODO
Itcanalsocomewiththemeaningofwhichemphasizesthewholesentence:

TODO
15.
Itcomeswithawhereveritreferstoafeminine
Whenitisfollowedbyaletterinthenextworditwillbegivena:

16.(Nunnation)Itisathatisaddedtotheendofawordbutnotfor
emphasisofaandithas5types:
Onlyforan:
1.
(Forthedeclinable)anditisalsocalledbecauseit
indicatesthatanis
:
Itissometimesdeletedfroma(propernoun)whenitcomeswith
followedbyanothertoshortenthespeech:
2.(Forindefiniteness)anditindicatesthatanis:TODO
3.(Tosubstitute)anditisusedtoreplacea

:
whichmeans:etc...
4.(Asacomparison)anditisinthe:asacounterpart
http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

29/30

6/5/2016

HidayatunNahw

oftheinthe:
Foreitheran
5.
(forsong/chant)asisusedinpoetry:TODO
17.(Theforemphasis)
Itisusedforthewhentheyindicatearequestsimilarlytoforthe

Ithas2types:

1.(light)whichisalways
:

Itdoesnotoccurforthe
astheseformscannotberesolved
withtherulesof
2.(heavy)whichhasa
andithas:

aifthereisnobeforeit:

elsea
:

Itmayalsoenterupon
asallofthesecontain
arequest:

TODO:some

betterexamples
Itcanalsoenterupontheswearingofanoathtoemphasiseitslatterpartasthe
oathitselfalsocontainsemphasis:

Theletterprecedingitwillusuallyhaveabutcanalsohavea:
toindicatethedeletedofthe
:

toindicatethedeletedofthe
:

http://ejtaal.net/hidayatunnahw/hidayatunnahw.html

30/30