Radars and sensors in vehicles

Estimation of the orientation of

vehicles in high-resolution radar
images
The availability of high-resolution image radars allows estimating the orientation of vehicles
from a single measurement without temporal filtering. This gives the opportunity to react
even faster to certain critical traffic scenes. This paper presents an approach for estimating
the orientation of a vehicle. The orientated bounding box algorithm known from literature is
adapted to this end and a quality function is introduced to choose the optimal bounding box.
In addition, a brute-force approach for determining the best possible outcome is presented.

WreckWatch: Automatic Traffic Accident Detection and Notification with

Smartphones
Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities in the US. An important indicator of
survival rates after an accident is the time between the accident and when emergency medical
personnel are dispatched to the scene. Eliminating the time between when an accident occurs
and when first responders are dispatched to the scene decreases mortality rates by 6%. One
approach to eliminating the delay between accident occurrence and first responder dispatch is to
use in-vehicle automatic accident detection and notification systems, which sense when traffic
accidents occur and immediately notify emergency personnel. These in-vehicle systems,
however, are not available in all cars and are expensive to retrofit for older vehicles. This paper
describes how smartphones, such as the iPhone and Google Android platforms, can automatically
detect traffic accidents using accelerometers and acoustic data, immediately notify a central
emergency dispatch server after an accident, and provide situational awareness through
photographs, GPS coordinates, VOIP communication channels, and accident data recording. This
paper provides the following contributions to the study of detecting traffic accidents via
smartphones: (1) we present a formal model for accident detection that combines sensors and
context data, (2) we show how smartphone sensors, network connections, and web services can
be used to provide situational awareness to first responders, and (3) we provide empirical results
demonstrating the efficacy of different approaches employed by smartphone accident detection
systems to prevent false positives.

Smart Accident Notification and Collision Avoidance System

Accidents are the main threat in todays modern world. All though the technological development in
automobiles increases day by day, there are no proper advancements in the perspective of accident
avoidance and detection before head. This project completely covers the whole system from accident
avoidance, detection and the necessary measures to be taken after the accident. By implementing
this useful system in every automobile the mortality rate can be reduced up to 90%.It also aims to

make driving possible even for the acoustically challenged. At present, there are systems to detect
the accidents occurring due to adverse weather conditions and provide necessary aids to the victims
affected by such accidents. This system avoids accidents due to collisions occurring between the
vehicles because of the drivers negligence. In case of any accidents, there is smart rescue system
in the vehicle which helps in sending the location of accident spot to the nearest hospital. While
taking the victim to the hospital the smart life saver equipment will update the current health status of
the person and sends the details to the hospital so that necessary arrangements are made for the
treatment before the arrival of the victim.

Real Time Accident Notification to Hospitals

Accidents by vehicle are one of the most common causes of deaths .This may be due to poor road
condition, bad weather, and lack of driving techniques. Fatality rate increases if medical assistance is not
made available immediately after accident. Recent studies show how communication capabilities as well
as hardware devices are able to support intelligent systems capable of automating many of the decisions
to be taken by emergency services, thereby adapting the rescue resources to the severity of the accident
and reducing assistance time. This communication services and hardware devices can be made easily
available to any person because of user friendly interface and cost effective. This paper proposes a less
complicated, novel and intelligent system which is able to detect road accidents using modern
communication technologies and state of art hardware systems and notifies the hospitals nearest to
accident spot if there is no response from the driver.

Smart Accident Detection & Assistance System

Pranav Dhole, Nishad Gite, Saba Shaikh, Vijay Sonawane

Abstract
The numbers of deaths due to road accidents are increasing day by day. Even the vehicles are
becoming more sophisticated with features like GPS navigation and airbags for safety. In spite of this
the victims of the accidents which occur at remote locations do not get prompt medical service.
There are several cases where the accident victims lose their lives due to lack of medical assistance.
These victims may get serious injuries due to which the might not be able to move or communicate
to the rest of the world. In such situations the advancements in technology and the sophistication of
the vehicles do not seem to be useful. Smart Accident Detection and Assistance Systems overcomes
this limitations as it will automatically detect an accident and notify the nearest emergency response
services i.e. Hospitals and Towing services which will enable the accident victim to receive instant
medical help and assistance. In todays day roads are the most used medium for traveling. A large
number of road accidents take place every year around the globe. Most of the accidents on highways

may prove fatal; sometimes the victims go unattended and even lose their lives. So, this system
proposes a solution to this problem which detects accident of the vehicle and alerts the ambulance
service, insurance company, towing services so as to provide instant medical help.

Traffic Accident Classification and Automatic Notification Using GPS

Ms. R. Sobana Devi1 , Mr. V. Thiruppathy Kesavan2 , Ms. V. Gayathri3 1PG Scholar,
Department of CSE, Renganayagi Varatharaj College of Engineering, Virudhunagar
dist, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Renganayagi Varatharaj College
of Engineering, Virudhunagar dist, India 3PG Scholar, Department of CSE,
Renganayagi Varatharaj College of Engineering, Virudhunagar dist, India
ABSTRACT
Road traffic accidents leads to the causes of deaths and injuries of various levels.
New communication technologies included into modern vehicles present an
opportunity for improved assistance to people injured in traffic accidents, it reduce
the response time of emergency services, and it will increase the information about
the incident. The proposed methodology is a novel intelligent system which is able
to automatically detect road accidents, notify them through vehicular networks, and
estimate their severity. This system considers the most relevant variables that can
characterize the severity of the accidents (variables such as the vehicle speed, the
type of vehicles involved, the impact speed, and the status of the airbag). It
requires each vehicle to be endowed with an On-Board Unit responsible for
detecting and reporting accident situations to an external Control unit that
estimates its severity, allocating the necessary resources for its assistance. The
advantage of the use of vehicular networks to collect precise information about road
accidents that is then used to estimate the severity of the collision. Severity
estimation is classified into minor, major and severe accidents based on the
information about the accidents. Corrective measures will be taken from the
database containing all the accidents information. Existing system does not focused
on reducing the accidents, this was overcome by GPS tracking device used in the
proposed system. Keywords: Vehicular networks, On-Board Unit, Control Unit, Data
Mining
Car Accident Detection and Notification System Using Smartphone
Hamid M. Ali1 , Zainab S. Alwan2 1 Information technology, Baghdad University,
Iraq 2 Electronics and Communication/Computer Engineering, Baghdad University,
Iraq 1 habdul_hussain@yahoo.com, 2 zainab_aldahlaky@yahoo.com
Abstract------ Every day around the world, a large percentage of people die from
traffic accident injuries. An effective approach for reducing traffic fatalities is: first
building automatic traffic accident detection system, second, reducing the time
between when an accident occurs and when first emergency responders are
dispatched to the scene of the accident. Recent approaches are using built-in

vehicle automatic accident detection and notification system. While these

approaches work fine, they are expensive, maintenance complex task, and are not
available in all cars. On the other hand, the ability to detect traffic accidents using
smartphones has only recently become possible because of the advances in the
processing power and sensors deployed on smartphones. Most of the smartphone
based accident detection systems rely on the high speed of the vehicle (extracted
from the smartphone GPS receiver) and the G-Force value (extracted from
smartphone accelerometer sensor) to detect an accident. As many references
assure that 90% of road-traffic accidents occur at low speed of the vehicle. Hence,
in addition to the high speed accident detection, this paper concentrated on low
speed car accident detection. The main obstacle that encounters the low speed
accident is how to differentiate whether the user is inside the vehicle or outside the
vehicle, walking or slowly running. The effect of this obstacle is minimized, in this
work, by a proposed mechanism that distinguishes between the speed variation of
low speed vehicle and walking or slowly running person. The proposed system
consists of two phases; the detection phase which is used to detect car accident in
low and high speeds. The notification phase, and immediately after an accident is
indicated, is used to send detailed information such as images, video, accident
location, etc. to the emergency responder for fast recovery. The system was
practically tested in real simulated environment and achieved quite very good
performance results. Keywords: Smartphones, Car Accident Detection,
Accelerometer Sensor, GPS, Microphone

An automated system for Accident

Detection
Major accidents on highways, freeways and local roads can lead to huge social and
economic impacts. Minor accidents may be resolved by the passengers themselves and do
not require escorting to hospitals whereas major accidents where airbags are deployed
require immediate attention of authorities. Automatic Smart Accident Detection (ASAD) is an
auto-detection unit system that immediately notifies an Emergency Contact through a text
message when an instant change in acceleration, rotation and an impact force in an end of
the vehicle is detected by the system, detailing the location and time of the accident. The
idea is that as soon as an accident is detected by the system, the authorities should
immediately be notified to prevent further car congestion as well as allow the passengers to
be escorted to the hospital in a timely fashion. The system involves the use of fuzzy logic as
a decision support built into the smartphone application that analyzes the incoming data
from the sensors and makes a decision based on a set of rules. The simulated results show
a 98.67% accuracy of the system with failures resulting from the gray regions of the
variable values.

Car crash detection on smartphones

In this paper we describe a simple car crash detection algorithm implemented on Android
smartphones. The algorithm uses accelerometer sensor and location sensor information which
are combined to detect typical patterns of car crash situations. We present technical details of
our implementation and first results of an evaluation.