Atty.

Jun Quicho

Country Programme Manager

UNDP-GEF-Small Grants Programme

 change of climate which is attributed directly or

indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability observed
over comparable time periods. (UNFCCC, 1992)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary

greenhouse gas emitted through human
activities. Primary emitters are electricity,
transportation and industry.

Methane (CH4) is found in natural gas and

used in fuels.

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is produced by synthetic

fertilizers and other synthetic products.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are used in

refrigeration and air conditioning.

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are normally found

in water resistant textiles.

Used in the semiconductor industry,

Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) is the most
potent of all greenhouse gases.

With 11 of 12
warmest since 1850
from 1995 to 2006,
global temps are now
about 0.74C warmer
than
a century ago, and
may reach 2.5-5.5C
late in 21st century. If
industries do
business as usual,
global temps would
increase by 0.3C per
decade, around 2C
by 2100

And as the climate warms, the tropical ocean gets

warmer and the upper atmosphere where the
cyclone moves heat up to is, if anything, getting
colder.

Adam Sobel
Atmosphere Scientist
Columbias Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

"The damage of climate change, about 75 to 80

percent, will be suffered by developing countries
although they only contribute about one third of
greenhouse gases."

Justin Lin
World Bank chief economist
"Development and Climate Change meetings
Istanbul, 04 Oct 2009

Generally no
water stress
in river
basins in the
Philippines

Sea Level Rise (SLR)

In urban centers, compounded by ground subsidence due

to over-extraction of groundwater
Projected impacts of 1 m SLR in Cavite, Metro Manila and
Bulacan show vast areas being inundated, affecting
coastal settlements and livelihood
PAGASA estimates that 1-meter rise by 2025 will flood
over 5,000 has and displace more than 2M around Manila
Bay.

Increased risk of flooding and storm damage

Increased frequency and intensity of storms and storm
surges
Salt-water intrusion into surface and ground water
Mangroves and other habitats will be affected by changes
in salinity
High precipitation would increase run-off, move fresh
water seaward, and will affect pattern of fish
reproduction. Livelihood based on subsistence fishing
would be put to risk.

Agriculture
Rice, corn
soybean yield
potential will
decline by 75%
by 2100 (can be
partly offset by
productivity
improvements
and adaptation,
but will also
require
stabilization)

Forest

Dominant tropical evergreen forests will be replaced by

tropical savannah and shrubs
Loss of high quality forests to result in significant
biodiversity loss

Health
Rise in deaths
from
cardiovascular
and
respiratory
diseases,
malaria,
dengue

Economy

Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand can have a

mean annual GDP loss of from 2.2% to 6.7% by 2100

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) of 1992 is a treaty to begin to
consider mitigation and adaptation initiative to
address climate change

Kyoto Protocol (took effect February 2005; ratified

by GOP in 2003) is a legally binding document
aimed to curb greenhouse gas emissions, mainly
CO2

Objectives

Mitigation - stabilization of greenhouse gas

concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would
prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the
climate system.
Adaptation - such a level should be achieved within a
time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt
naturally to climate change, to ensure that food
production is not threatened and to enable economic
development to proceed in a sustainable manner

Principles
Common but differentiated responsibilities developed
countries should take the lead in combating climate
change and the effects thereof
Precautionary measures where there are threats of
serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific
certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing
such measures
Sustainable development policies and measures to
protect the climate system should be appropriate for the
specific conditions of each Party and integrated with
national development programs, considering economic
development

commits its Parties by setting

internationally binding emission
reduction targets
Target reduced emission
Flexibility financing mechanisms (Kyoto
mechanisms)
Adaptation fund

A set of significant decisions by the international

community to address the long-term challenge of
climate change collectively and comprehensively over
time and to take concrete action now to speed up
global response through mitigation, adaptation, and
provision of technological, financial and capabilitybuilding support.

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest

Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD+) is an
investment that is focused on retaining or enhancing
natural capital, and provides an opportunity to enable
countries to move towards realizing green development
It proposes that the true environmental and social costs
of our current economic development and growth
models must be taken into account in devising any
future development solutions
As opposed to GDP-led growth, REDD+ explicitly
advocates a balance between income growth, jobs and
equity

Vienna Convention (Convention on the Protection of

the Ozone Layer), aims to protect humans and
environment from the effects of human activities that
modify the ozone layer

Montreal Protocol (Protocol on Substances that Deplete the

Ozone Layer), sets a timetable and provides a formula for the
reduction of controlled ozone depleting substances

Stockholm Convention (Convention on Persistent

Organic Pollutants [POPs]), aims to eliminate or restrict
production and use of pesticides and chemicals that
have adverse effects on the environment and human
health. It outrightly bans 8 pesticides and provides for
phase-out of DDT if only to give a chance for developing
countries to fight malaria

Agenda 21, various commitments for sustainable

development, i.e., achieving a balance between
economic development and environmental
sustainability
Convention on Biological Diversity, aims to protect
biodiversity through sustainable use and equitable
sharing thereof between developing and developed
countries.

RA 9729 created the Climate Change

Commission, with the following mandates, inter
alia:

Formulate the Framework Strategy on Climate

Change
Formulate the National Climate Change Action Plan

National Government Agencies to mainstream in their

plans and programs
LGUs to adopt Local Climate Change Action Plans

National Framework Strategy

on Climate Change

Increasing temperatures
Changing rainfall patterns
Sea level rise
Extreme weather events

VISION:
A climate risk-resilient Philippines with
healthy, safe, prosperous and self-reliant
communities, and thriving and productive
ecosystems

CLIMATE PROCESS DRIVERS

CLIMATE CHANGE

Energy
Transport
Land Use Change & Forestry
Agriculture
Waste

SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

SOCIETY

Goal: To build the adaptive capacity

of communities and increase the
resilience of natural ecosystems to
climate change, and optimize
mitigation opportunities towards
sustainable development.

Capacity
Development

Knowledge
Management

IEC and
Advocacy

Gender
Research and Development
Mainstreaming Technology Transfer

CROSS-CUTTING STRATEGIES

Ecosystems (River Basins, Coastal

& Marine, Biodiversity)
Food security
Water resources
Human health
Infrastructure
Energy
Human society

ENVIRONMENT

ECONOMY

ADAPTATION

MITIGATION
Energy Efficiency &
Conservation
Renewable Energy
Environmentally-Sustainable
Transport
Sustainable Infrastructure
National REDD+ Strategy
Waste Management

IMPACTS AND
VULNERABILITY

Enhanced Vulnerability and Adaptation

Assessments
Integrated Ecosystem-Based Management
Climate-Responsive Agriculture

Water Governance &Management

Climate-Responsive Health Sector
Disaster Risk Reduction &Management
Climate-proofing of Infrastructure

Multi-stakeholder
Partnerships

Financing

Valuation

Policy, Planning and

Mainstreaming

MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Human
Security

Environment
and
Ecological
Stability

ClimateSmart
Industries
and Services

Water
Sufficiency

Food
Security

Sustainable
Energy

A climate riskresilient Philippines

with healthy, safe,
prosperous and selfreliant communities,
and thriving and
productive
ecosystems

Capacity
Development

FOOD SECURITY

Ensure food availability, stability,

access, and safety
WATER
Protect water resources, improve
SUFFICIENCY
access and distribution
ECOSYSTEM AND Enhance ecosystem and
ENVIRONMENTAL environmental integrity
STABILITY
HUMAN
SECURITY

Reduce risks of the population from

climate change and disasters.

CLIMATE-SMART
INDUSTRIES AND
SERVICES
SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY

Enhance private and public sector

responsiveness to climate change

Increase energy self-sufficiency,

resilience and adoption of low
carbon technologies and practices
KNOWLEDGE AND Enhanced knowledge on and
CAPACITY
capacity to address climate change
DEVELOPMENT

RA 9729 does not carry penal provisions. Neither

the NFSCC or the NCCAP provide for actionable acts

But this does mean no legal actions on climate

change can be made

Climate Change adaptation (and mitigation, for that

matter) is intrinsically part of many pieces of
legislation in the Philippines

General
(f) P.D. No. 1151, Philippine Environmental Policy of
1977
(y) Provisions in R.A. No. 7160, Local Government
Code of 1991; xxx R.A. No. 7161, Tax Laws
Incorporated in the Revised Forestry, Code and Other
Environmental Laws (Amending the NIRC); R.A. No.
9522, The Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law; xxx
and other existing laws that relate to the
conservation, development, preservation, protection
and utilization of the environment and natural
resources.

Forestry
(a) Act No. 3572, Prohibition Against Cutting of Tindalo,
Akli, and Molave Trees;
(b) P.D. No. 705, Revised Forestry Code;
(g) P.D. No. 1433, Plant Quarantine Law of 1978;
(i) R.A. No. 3571, Prohibition Against the Cutting,
Destroying or Injuring of Planted or Growing Trees,
Flowering Plants and Shrubs or Plants of Scenic Value
along Public Roads, in Plazas, Parks, School Premises or in
any Other Public Ground;
(v) R.A. No. 9175, Chainsaw Act;

Waters, Fisheries and Agriculture

(e) P.D. No. 1067, Water Code;

(q) R.A. No. 8550, Philippine Fisheries Code;
(y) Provisions in R.A. No. 7308, Seed Industry
Development Act of 1992; R.A. No. 7900, HighValue Crops Development Act; R.A. No. 8048,
Coconut Preservation Act; R.A. No. 8435,
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of
1997

Protected Areas/Special protection areas

(m) R.A. No. 7586, National Integrated Protected
Areas System Act including all laws, decrees, orders,
proclamations and issuances establishing protected
areas;
(n) R.A. No. 7611, Strategic Environmental Plan for
Palawan Act;
(t) R.A. No. 9072, National Caves and Cave Resource
Management Act;
(j) R.A. No. 4850, Laguna Lake Development
Authority Act;

Biodiversity conservation

(u) R.A. No. 9147, Wildlife Conservation and

Protection Act;

Mining

(l) R.A. No. 7076, Peoples Small-Scale Mining Act;

(o) R.A. No. 7942, Philippine Mining Act;

Sanitation and Pollution

(c) P.D. No. 856, Sanitation Code;
(d) P.D. No. 979, Marine Pollution Decree;
(h) P.D. No. 1586, Establishing an Environmental Impact
Statement System Including Other Environmental
Management Related Measures and for Other Purposes;
(k) R.A. No. 6969, Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste
Act;
(r) R.A. No. 8749, Clean Air Act;
(s) R.A. No. 9003, Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act;
(w) R.A. No. 9275, Clean Water Act;
(x) R.A. No. 9483, Oil Spill Compensation Act of 2007

Access to Lands

(p) R.A. No. 8371, Indigenous Peoples Rights Act;

(y) Provisions in C.A. No. 141, The Public Land
Act; R.A. No. 6657, Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Law of 1988;

Energy

(y) Provisions in R.A. No. 9593, Renewable Energy

Act of 2008; R.A. No. 9637, Philippine Biofuels
Act

Lawyers populate the Judiciary, the

Legislature, the Executive

Lawyers are humans: citizens, problems,

victims, solutions

Lawyers are moral creatures

Whats the Philippines are we passing

on to the next Filipinos?
What sort of world are we leaving to
the next generations?