His 04 - British Exploitation

04
BRITISH EXPLOITATION
AND RESISTANCE
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www.masocialma.blogspot.in
Advent of British in India
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British Direct Rule in India
Battle of Plassey in 1757
1st War of Independence 1857

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Impact of the
British Policies
Farmers were the

Immediate Victims
Land Revenue
Policies Destroyed
them
Increased only the
Income of British
Different Land Revenue Policies of British

Land Revenue Regions
System
Permanent
Bengal,
Settlement
Bihar, Orrisa
Ryotwari
System
South Indian
Regions
Mahalwari
System
North West
Regions
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Zamindars
of
India During
British
Features of Permanent Settlement

(Zamindari System)
Tax was Collected by Zamindars
Zamindar was the Owner of the Land
He had the Power to Collect Tax
Farmers Became the Tenants
To Pay up to 60% of the Yield
as Tax
Even at the Time of Poor
Yield, Tax was to be Paid
Tax to be Paid in Cash
Features of Ryotwari System
Tax was Collected Directly From Farmers

(Ryots)
Farmers were the owners of the Land
Excessive Tax was Imposed
Tax was Frequently Increased
Thomas Munro
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Features of Mahawari System
Tax was Collected by Village Headman

Excessive Tax was Imposed
Entire Village (Mahal) as a Unit
Activity 1
Complete the Table that Depicts the Features of Different

Land Revenue Systems by the British
Permanent
Settlement
Region
Tax
Collected by
Land Owner
Other
Features
Ryotwari
System
Mahawari
System
Region
Permanent
Settlement
Bengal,
Bihar Orissa
Zamindars
Ryotwari
System
South India
Mahawari
System
North West
India
Village
Headman
Land Lords
Tax
Company
Collected by
Directly
Land Owner Zamindars
Farmers
Other
Tax Burden to Farmers
Features
High Tax was Imposed
Tax was Increased Frequently
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Land Revenue Policies of the

British Affected the Agriculture
Unable to Pay Tax

Loan from Moneylenders
High Rate of Interest
Loan by Mortgaging Agricultural Land
Could not Pay back Loan
Land was Seized by the Moneylenders
Commercialization of Agriculture
Before British Agriculture for Family
& Village Needs only
During British Market Needs
Commercial Crops than Food Crops
Effects
Less Production of Food Crops

High Price for Food Items
Poverty, Famine etc
Bengal
Bihar
Punjab
Maharashtra
Punjab
Indigo
Uttar Pradesh
Cotton
Bengal
Assam
Kerala
Sugar Cane
Wheat
Jute
Tea
Activity 2
Prepare a Table that Shows the Different Crops &

Corresponding Region
Crops
Region
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Turbulent Indigo Fields

Textile Industry
During Industrial Revolution
Indigo Contribution
Year
%
1780
30 %
1810
95 %
Indigo Fields
Farmers were given an Advance

Heavy Tax Burden
Tempted to get High Price
Compelled to Cultivate Indigo
Got Low Price due to British Agents
Later Artificial Colors were Invented
Farmers became Miserable

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The Indigo Revolt
The Indigo Revolt
In 1859 Farmers of Bengal Revolted

Many Educated Supported it
Govt. Appointed a Commission
Commission Found that Indigo
Farming was Uneconomic & to Stop
Peasant Revolts in Kerala
Around 22 Peasant Revolts in Malabar

Against Exploitation & Suppression of
Landlords & British
Malabar Special Police (MSP) to
Suppress the Revolt
William Logan as the Enquiry
Commission
Commission Pointed out that the
Unfair Land Revenue System of British
was the Cause
Malabar Special Police (MSP)
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Causes of Mappila Rebellion
Mappila Rebellion 1921
Muslims in Malabar were

Mappilas
British treated Janmis
(Landlords) as Land Owners
Farmers Leased Land
Janmis Exploited
With the Help of British
Atrocities & Eviction of
Tenants
Farmers Revolted
Mappila Rebellion
Santhal
Revolt
Kolis
Revolt
Bhil
Revolt
Khasi
Revolt
Kols
Revolt
Munda
Revolt
Kurichiya
Revolt
Tribal Revolts
Revolt of
Kachanags
Pahariya
Revolt
Naikadas
Revolt
Santhal
Revolt 1855
Prohibited to
Enter Forest
High Tax for
Forest
Produce
Collected
Livelihood Gathering Forest

Produce, Cattle Rearing, Shifting
Cultivation, Hunting
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Forest Act
made them Miserable
Sido & Kanhu
Kurichiya
Revolt -1812
Organized by Kurichiya &
Kurumba (Wayanad)
Led by Rama Nambi
Reasons
Excessive Tax
Tax in Cash than in Kind
Seizing of Agricultural Land
The anti-British struggles of Illiterate Tribal communities were
more Aggressive, Intense and Continuous than any other sects
including Peasants - K Suresh Singh ( Historian )
Birsa Munda Munda Revolt
Munda Revolt
1899-1900
Chota Nagpur
Birsa Munda
1899 Attack
of Churches &
Police Stations
o 1990 Defeat
of Mundas
o 1922 Birsa
Died of cholera
in Jail
o
o
o
o
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Revolt of Kols
Chota Nagpur
1844-1882
Ghonu
Suppression of the
Revolt after extensive
military operations by
British and death of
Ghonu.
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Revolt of Bhil
Banswara and Dungapur
(Rjasthan)
1913
Govind Guru
It began as a purification
movement, but later
developed into a political;
failure of their attempts to
set up a Bhil Raj due to
British armed intervention.
Pahariya
Revolt
1772-1780
Revolt of Khasi
Khasi Hills (Assam &
Meghalaya)
1829-32
Tirut Singh and Bar Manik
khasis to drive away the
British form their territory;
surrender of all khasi
chiefs, including Tirut Singh
1832
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Activity 3
Collect the Different Tribal Uprisings of India against British

and Prepare a Table
Tribal Revolt
Leaders
Region
Tribal Revolt Leaders
Region
Santhal
Sido & Kanhu
Rajmahal Hills
Kols
Ghonu
Chota Nagpur
Munda
Birsa Munda
Ranchi
Kurichiya
Raman Nambi
Waynad (Kerala)
Kachanags
Sambhudan
Kachar (Assam)
Naikadas
Roopsing Gobar, Johriya
Rajasthan, Gujarat
Khasi
Tirath Singh.
Bhil
Govind Guru
Khasi hills and

Jaintia Hills
Banswara (Rajastan)
Pahariya
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List of Tribal Movements in 19th and 20th Century

NAME OF
AREA
THE TRIBE AFFECTED
Chuars
Bhils
Hos
Kolis
Khasis
LEADER (S)
Nanbhum an
Barabhum
(West Bengal)
1768 &
1832
Not available
Konds
Khandesh
1818 to
1848
Not available.
Singhbhum and 1820, 1822

Not available
Chota Nagpur and 1832
Sahyadri Hills
(Gujarat and
Maharashtra)
Khasi Hills
(Assam &
Meghalaya)
Singphos Assam
Kols
Chota Nagpur
Koyas
NAME OF
AREA AFFECTED YEAR
THE TRIBE
YEAR
Rampa Region
(Chodavarm in
Andhra
Pradesh)
1824, 1828,
Not available
1839 and
1844-48
1829-32
1830-39
1831-32
Tirut Singh and

Bar Manik
(Chief of
Nounklow &
Molim
respectively
Not available
Buddho Bhagat
1840, 1845,
Alluri
1858, 1861Ditaramaraju
62, 1879(1922-24)
80, 1922-24
LEADER (S)
Khondmais
(orissa)
1846-48,
1855 and
1914
Chakra Bisayi
Santhals
Rajmahal Hills
(Bihar)
1855-56
Sidhu & Kanhu
Naikdas
Panch Mahals
(Gujarat)
1858-59 & Rupsingh and

1868
Joria Bhagat
Cacher
1882
Mundas
Chota Nagpur
1899-1900 Birsa Munda
Bhils
Banswara and
Dungapur
(southern
Rjasthan)
1913
Govind Guru
Oraons
Chota Nagpur
1914-15
Jatra BHagat
1917-19
Jadoang and his

neice Rani
Gaidinliu
1921-22
Hanumanthu
Kucha
Nagas
Thadoe
Kukis
Manipur
Nallamala Hills
Chenchus (Andhra
Pradesh)
Sambhudan
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Decline of Traditional Industries

British Policies
Ruined Agriculture & Handicrafts
Import of Machine-made Textiles

Cheap & Easy to be Sold
Expansion of Railway
To Carry Goods Easily to Towns & Villages

Weavers Lost their Village Market
To Carry Raw Materials
High Tax for Exported Indian Textiles

Ruined Agriculture & Handicrafts
Decline of Traditional Industries

British Forced the Weavers
To Work at Small Wage

To Exchange their Products at Cheap Price
Many Gave up their Work
Due to Exploitation & Torture

Searched for Another Job
Decline of Textile Industry
Urban Areas became least Inhabited

Migrated to Villages & Engaged in Agriculture
Fragmented Fields & Stagnant Production
The Armour of the Isolated Self Sufficient Village was Pierced by

the Steel Rail, and its Life Blood Ebbed away
- D H Buchanan ( An American Traveler)
Activity 4
Analyse the Reason for the Decline of the Indian Textile

Industry and Complete the Diagram Below
Decline of Indian Textile Industry
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Decline of Indian
Textile Industry
Export of Raw
Materials
Import of
Machine Goods
Introduction
High Tax on
of Railway
Indian Textile
British Policies
& Exploitation
Condition of Handicrafts in the Village
Village
Industries
Pottery
Tanning
Carpentry
Cause of Decline
Import of Aluminum
Vessels
Export of Raw Leather
to Europe
Use of Machines
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British Started
Plantation
Textile
Jute
Steel
Paper
Industries in India
Opium Factory
Condition of Workers
Continued Working Hours

Small Wages
Unhealthy Accommodation
Lack of Trade Unions
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What led to the Riot?

Economic Miseries
of Farmers & Craftsmen
Military
Called as
Sepoy & their Low Salary
Religious
use of
New Cartridge of Rifles
Political
Doctrine
of Lapse & other Laws
Military & Religious

Causes
During the Riot

Attacked Moneylenders
Active Participation of All
Common People, Kings, Farmers,
Craftsmen, Soldiers, Leaders
Hindu - Muslim Unity
Many were Killed
Captured Delhi & Declared
Bahadur Sha II as Emperor of India
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After the Riot
Riot was a Failure due to Less Military

Marked in the History of India
Brought Changes in Administration
British Parliament Took Over India
Economic Exploitation Continued
Concentrated in Certain Areas only
Lack of Well Organisation
British Parliament Took

Over Indias Administration
Bahadur Shah II seized by

William Hodson during
Indian Mutiny of 1857-1858
Delhi
Faizabad
Centres of Revolt & Leaders

Ahammedullah
Bahadur Shah II
Rani Lakshmi Bai

Lucknow
Begum Hazret
Kanpur
Nana Saheb
Thantia Thopi
Activity 5
Prepare a Table Which shows the Centres of Revolt and

Leaders of 1857 Revolt
Centres of Revolt
Leaders
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Around 2 Crores of
People Died Spread
Over 24 Famines
Nationalism
Indian National Congress
Sense of Unity
among the People
of a Country
without
Religion
Region
Caste
Creed
INC was formed

in Dec 1885 in
Bombay
72 Delegates
from all over India
Led Anti-British
Struggle
First Indian National Congress 1885
Drain Theory
Dadabai Naoroji
Poverty & Un-British Rule in India
Studied the Facts on the Deterioration

of Indian Economy based on Data
Huge Amount of Money was

Flowing to Britain Every Year
This Drain of Wealth was
the Root Cause of Poverty
How did the Indian Wealth Flow

to Britain?
Export
Import
Salary
Tax
Indian Raw Materials

Sale of British Products
& Pension to British
from India
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Economic Nationalism
Common People were

Aware that ..
Economic Policy of
Dadabai Naoroji
British made India Poor
Gopal Krishna Poverty & Exploitation
Gokhale
were the Creation of
British
Need anti-British AttitudeRomesh
Chandra Dutt
Division of Bengal 1905
Most of the Earlier Leaders were

from Bengal Nursery of
Curzon
Indian National Movement

By Curzon
E
Policy of
W
Divide & Rule
Muslim
Hindu
People
Protested
Cancelled it
in 1911
Swadeshi Movement
To strengthen Economy & National

Movement
Consumption of Indigenous Products
Boycott & Burning of Foreign Goods
Many Indian Companies
Massive Participation
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Many Indian Companies
Textile Mills
Soap Factories
Matchbox Companies
National Banks
Insurance Companies
Tata
Bengal Chemical Store (Bengal)
Chidambaran
Pillai
Tata Steel Plant (Maharashtra)
Steam Navigation Comp. (Tamil Nadu)
Massive Participation
Washer men Not to Wash

Foreign Cloths
Priests Not to use Foreign items
for Rituals & Prayers
Women Boycotted Foreign
Bangles & Utensils
Students Quit Schools
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Swaraj is
Better than the
best form of
Foreign Rule
Swaraj is my
Birth Right, I
shall Have it
Lal
Bal
Pal
- B.G. Tilak
Activity 6
Discuss and Point out the Outcome of Swadeshi Movement

in India
Additional Activities
1. Explain the Role of B.G. Tilak for the Inspiration of

national Movement.
2. What is Economic Nationalism?
3. How can you say that the First War of Independence was
not a Failure. Explain?
4. Which were the Major Problems Faced by the Industrial
Workers in India During the British Rule?
5. Write a short note on Mappila Revolt in Kerala.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi.,His.)

HSA(Social Science)
St. Marys H.S. Palliport
mamichaelma@gmail.com
9746953695

His 04 - British Exploitation

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His 04 - British Exploitation

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04

Advent of British in India

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

British Direct Rule in India

Battle of Plassey in 1757

1st War of Independence 1857

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Farmers were the

Different Land Revenue Policies of British

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Features of Permanent Settlement

Features of Ryotwari System

Tax was Collected Directly From Farmers

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Features of Mahawari System

Tax was Collected by Village Headman

Complete the Table that Depicts the Features of Different

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Land Revenue Policies of the

Unable to Pay Tax

Less Production of Food Crops

Prepare a Table that Shows the Different Crops &

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Turbulent Indigo Fields

During Industrial Revolution

Farmers were given an Advance

Farmers became Miserable

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

The Indigo Revolt

The Indigo Revolt

In 1859 Farmers of Bengal Revolted

Peasant Revolts in Kerala

Around 22 Peasant Revolts in Malabar

Malabar Special Police (MSP)

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Causes of Mappila Rebellion

Mappila Rebellion 1921

Muslims in Malabar were

Livelihood Gathering Forest

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made them Miserable

Sido & Kanhu

Birsa Munda Munda Revolt

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

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Collect the Different Tribal Uprisings of India against British

Tribal Revolt Leaders

Sido & Kanhu

Roopsing Gobar, Johriya

Khasi hills and

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

List of Tribal Movements in 19th and 20th Century

Singhbhum and 1820, 1822

Tirut Singh and

Sidhu & Kanhu

1858-59 & Rupsingh and

1899-1900 Birsa Munda

Jadoang and his

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Decline of Traditional Industries

Ruined Agriculture & Handicrafts

Import of Machine-made Textiles