Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
(CONECTIVOS)
Santa Cruz do Sul -Ricardo Schtz
Atualizado em 31 de janeiro de 2006
Words of transition, words of connection, transition devices, linking words ou discourse markers
so conjunes, advrbios, preposies, locues, etc., que servem para estabelecer uma relao
lgica entre frases e idias. Em portugus essas palavras so chamadas de articuladores ou palavras
conectivas. O uso correto destas palavras confere solidez ao argumento e conseqentemente
elegncia ao texto.
Writing clinics ou writing labs so departamentos nas universidades norte-americanas aos quais os
estudantes podem recorrer para obter auxlio e orientao sobre como redigir corretamente seus
trabalhos de pesquisa. Normalmente o primeiro e o mais freqentemente ponto abordado nessas
clnicas de redao o uso correto das palavras de transio. Words of transition so de
fundamental importncia, uma vez que a beleza do ingls moderno est na clareza e na integridade
lgica.
As listas abaixo constituem-se numa ajuda decisiva para quem compe um texto em ingls,
independente do nvel de capacidade do redator.
Os conectivos, mais freqentemente usados, so:
Em primeiro lugar, ... / Para comear, ...
According to ...
Principalmente ...
Ainda no ...
Em meio a ...
As a rule ...
Whenever ...
Do ponto de vista de
Sem dvida
Desde que
As long as
Por um lado,
Likewise
While / Whereas
Entretanto, / No entanto,
However,
Em ltimo caso,
As a last resort,
Mesmo assim,
Nevertheless, / Still,
Apesar de
In spite of / Despite
Alm disto,
Afora isso,
Pelo menos
At least
Ao contrrio de
Unlike
Em vez de / Ao invs de
Instead of / In place of
A no ser que
Unless
Except for
Since
Afinal
After all
Por exemplo,
Em funo de / Devido a
In face of / Due to
considerao,
Portanto,
Therefore, / So,
Finally, / At last,
Abaixo segue uma lista abrangente de palavras e locues conectivas, agrupadas por tipo de ligao
que estabelecem. Esta lista de utilidade especialmente para alunos avanados que possuem boa
familiaridade com redao em ingls:
INTRODUCTION
as referred to
(at) first
by the way
changing the subject
AGREEMENT
according to
as per
after (all)
alternatively
although
as opposed to
at the same time
COMPARISON
comparing
likewise
EMPHASIS
above all
regarding
speaking of
to begin with
to start with
in accordance
in agreement
in conformity
CONTRAST
but
concerning
first of all
in the first place
initially
on the one hand
in (the) face of
on the other hand
in (the) light of
in spite of (that)
still
then again
meanwhile
though
nevertheless
unlike
nonetheless
whereas
notwithstanding
while
yet
on the contrary
in comparison (with)
in the same way
similarly
in any event
indeed
particularly
positively
a key feature
a major concern
definitely
primarily
especially significant in fact
in
particular
principally
even more
more important(ly) specifically
ADDITION
again
also
and (then)
as well as
at the same time
besides
TIME RELATIONSHIP
after a while
afterward(s)
as time goes by
at last
at present
at this point
currently
here
immediately
in the meantime
lately
later
meanwhile
now
nowadays
presently
shortly (after)
simultaneously
since
so far
soon
temporarily
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
first
second
third
following
then
next
later
after that
finally
as
because
due to
for
in order that
now that
since
RESULT
so (that)
that is because
that is why
hence
in short
accordingly
so much (so) that
as a consequence
so ... that
as a result
such ... that
consequently
for this reason
CIRCUMSTANCES
then
thereby
therefore
thus
truly
unquestionably
valuable to note
without a doubt
on top of that
or
plus
similarly
together with
what's more
then
thereafter
throughout
thereupon
until
up until now
while
yet at the same time
in my opinion
in terms of
in the midst of
on the part of
as a last resort
as a rule
from the standpoint of
PARTIAL COMMITMENT
as far as I know
as far as I'm concerned
CONDITION
as far as I understand
as well as I know
for the time being
so far
if not
in case of
in case (that)
in the event of
as long as
even if
if
provided (that)
providing (that)
whether or not
DISMISSAL
anyway
at any rate
in any case
whatever the case may be
EXCEPTION / EXCLUSION
aside from
except for
EXAMPLE
including
in particular
for example
in this case
for instance
in another case in this manner
PURPOSE
in order to
in return for
to the purpose of
SUBSTITUTION
in place of or rather
instead of in exchange for
REITERATION / REFORMULATION
as I have said
rather
to this end
with this in mind
with this purpose
in doing so
this way
through (which)
by
by means of
CONCESSION
after all
although it is true that
although this may be true
EVIDENCE
indeed
it's no wonder
naturally
needless to say
CONCLUSION / SUMMARY
after all
all in all
all things considered
as I have said
obviously
of course
without question
without a doubt
in conclusion
as we have seen in short
in summary
at last
last(ly)
finally
on the whole
in brief
overall
thus
to conclude
to summarize
to sum up
Source: http://www.sk.com.br/sk-conn.html
Online: February 9th, 2006.